EQUITY RESEARCH. No change to outlook after Q3/15 results. Outperform Speculative Risk TSX: IVN; CAD 0.63 Price Target CAD 1.50

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1 EQUITY RESEARCH November 18, 2015 No change to outlook after Q3/15 results Our view: Work continues on advancing development studies at Kamoa and Platreef. Ivanhoe continues to work to satisfy the conditions for the co-development investment transaction with Zijin Mining before the November 26, 2015 expiry. The Kamoa PFS and the Kipushi resource estimates have been delayed slightly. Longer-term, the upside potential of the three projects remains very attractive, in our view. We maintain our Outperform recommendation. Key points: Q3/15 results immaterial to outlook: Ivanhoe reported Q3/15 adjusted fully diluted EPS of ($0.01) versus ($0.01) in Q2/15 and ($0.03) in Q3/14. Total spending down from Q2/15: During Q3/15, Ivanhoe expensed $8.6 million on exploration and project expenditures and $3.4 million on SG&A (excluding FX gains/losses) vs. $9.0 million and $3.7 million in Q2/15, respectively. Ivanhoe had capex of $20.9 million in Q3/15, down from $23.4 million in Q2/15. Overall spending when both categories are combined declined to $32.9 million from $36.1 million in Q2/15. Free cash flow in Q3/15 was ($32) million versus ($30) million in Q2/15, with the difference primarily due to working capital changes more than offsetting the lesser spending. Kamoa pre-feasibility progressing; to be delivered in early 2016 (previously Q4/15): The construction of the box cut was completed at the end of Work on the twin declines is expected to start in early 2016 by Byrnecut Underground Congo SARL. The contract is expected to last 18 months. Work is progressing on the 3 Mtpa pre-feasibility study and the completed report is now expected to be finalized in early 2016 (previously expected to be finalized and released in Q4/15). Platreef Shaft 1 initial shaft sinking commenced: Construction of the shaft collar is complete and the pre-sink winder to be utilized for initial shaft sinking has been commissioned. Initial shaft sinking activities began on October 26, Shaft 1 is expected to intersect the Flatreef deposit at 777 m below surface in late 2017 and reach its total depth of 975 m in Early works for Shaft 2 are expected to start in 2016, delayed from Updated Kipushi resource estimate to be released in Q4/15 (previously Q3/15): Ivanhoe drilled 2,708 metres in the Big Zinc, Norde Riche, and southern exploration areas in Q3/15, down from 3,828 metres in Q2/15. The exploration drill program was completed in October and an updated mineral resource estimate is expected to be released in Q4/15. Q3/15 liquidity of $140.7 million compared to $175.0 million one quarter ago: Total liquidity of $140.7 million included $85.4 million of cash and equivalents and $55.3 million of short-term deposits. Of the $140.7 million, $72.5 million is restricted for spending at Platreef. In Q2/15, $84.2 million of the $175.0 million was restricted for Platreef. Estimate revisions: We have revised our estimates for the quarterend balance sheet and have lowered our estimates for exploration and project expenditures. See page 3 for more detail. RBC Dominion Securities Inc. Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. Wen Tian, CFA (Associate) (Analyst) (416) (416) wen.tian@rbccm.com fraser.phillips@rbccm.com Steve Bristo, CFA (Associate) (416) steve.bristo@rbccm.com Sector: Base Metals & Minerals Outperform Speculative Risk TSX: IVN; CAD 0.63 Price Target CAD 1.50 WHAT'S INSIDE Rating/Risk Change Price Target Change In-Depth Report Est. Change Preview News Analysis Scenario Analysis* Downside Scenario % Current Price 0.63 *Implied Total Returns Key Statistics Shares O/S (MM): Dividend: 0.00 NAVPS: 5.18 Float (MM): Debt to Cap: (62)% Price Target % Upside Scenario % Market Cap (MM): 491 Yield: 0.0% P/NAVPS: 0.12x Tr. 12 ROE: 0.00% Avg. Daily Volume: 880,879 RBC Estimates FY Dec 2014A 2015E 2016E 2017E EPS, Adj Diluted (0.19) (0.06) (0.02) (0.02) Prev. (0.08) P/AEPS NM NM NM NM CFPS, Adj Diluted (0.24) (0.07) (0.02) (0.02) Prev. (0.10) P/CFPS NM NM NM NM EPS, Adj Diluted Q1 Q2 Q3 Q (0.06)A (0.07)A (0.03)A (0.04)A 2015 (0.02)A (0.01)A (0.01)A (0.01)E Prev. (0.03)E (0.03)E 2016 (0.01)E (0.01)E (0.01)E (0.01)E CFPS, Adj Diluted 2014 (0.07)A (0.07)A (0.06)A (0.04)A 2015 (0.02)A (0.01)A 0.00A (0.03)E Prev. (0.03)E E 0.00E 0.00E 0.00E Priced as of market close November 18, 2015 ET. All market data in CAD; all financial data in USD. Priced as of prior trading day's market close, EST (unless otherwise noted). For Required Non-U.S. Analyst and Conflicts Disclosures, see page 7.

2 Target/Upside/Downside Scenarios Exhibit 1: 125 Weeks 27JUN13-18NOV UPSIDE m 20m 10m 2013 J J A S O N 2014 D J F M A M J J A S O N 2015 D J F M A M J J A S O IVN.TO Rel. S&P/TSX COMP IDX MA 40 weeks N TARGET CURRENT Source: Bloomberg and RBC Capital Markets estimates for Upside/Downside/Target DOWNSIDE 0.50 Nov 2016 Target price/base case We value the company using a DCF-based Net Asset Value approach. Our price target is based on the shares achieving 30% of our NAV estimate over the next 12 months, reflecting volatility in the commodity markets as well as the uncertain timeline of Ivanhoe s projects. Upside scenario Our upside scenario of C$3.00 is based on a discount of 40% to our NAV. We assume further financing facilitates the start of development at Kamoa and progress with shaft sinking at Platreef will result in a lower NAV discount than we are currently assuming. Investment summary Ivanhoe Mines has the potential to realize significant value as it advances its three main projects through development and into production over the next five years. The company intends to become a global, diversified mining and exploration company by advancing Kamoa (Cu) and Platreef (PGM) from discovery to production, reopening the Kipushi (Zn) mine, and maintaining active exploration and acquisition programs. Kamoa is one of the largest undeveloped and high-grade copper deposits in the world, and Platreef could emerge as a low-cost PGM producer. The near-term potential catalysts for Ivanhoe Mines include: Q4/15: Release of updated mineral resource estimate for Kipushi Early 2016: Kamoa 3 Mtpa pre-feasibility study Platreef Phase 1 feasibility study Risks for our investment thesis include: Key risks include geo-political risk in the DRC and South Africa, financing risk, execution risk at the company s development projects given that they are early-stage and long-dated, and risks associated with the development of infrastructure for the projects, including transportation in the DRC and power and water in South Africa. Downside scenario Our downside scenario of C$0.50 is based on a discount of 90% to a lower NAV. In this case, we assume limited access to further financing and a delay of progress at Kipushi and Kamoa. November 18, 2015 Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (416) ; fraser.phillips@rbccm.com 2

3 Details Estimate Revisions We have revised our model for the quarter-end balance sheet. We have lowered our estimates for spending on exploration based on results YTD, as well as deferred capex from 2015 into 2016 for Kamoa and Platreef. The impact of these changes on our EPS estimates and NAV can be seen in Exhibit 2 below. We maintain our Outperform recommendation and C$1.50 price target. Exhibit 2: Estimate Revisions EPS 2015E 2016E 2017E NAV Target New ($0.06) ($0.02) ($0.02) C$5.18 C$1.50 Old ($0.08) n/c n/c C$5.21 n/c Source: RBC Capital Markets estimates November 18, 2015 Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (416) ; fraser.phillips@rbccm.com 3

4 DEC14 JAN15 FEB15 MAR15 APR15 MAY15 JUN15 JUL15 AUG15 SEP15 OCT15 NOV A 11A 12A 12A 13A 13A 14A 14A 15E 15E 16E 16E 17E 17E Base Metals & Minerals Appendix: Company Profile Ivanhoe Mines (IVN) (TSX) Outperform Speculative Risk Valuation 2011A 2012A 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E 2017E 12-Month Target C$1.50 EPS, adjusted ($0.28) ($0.37) ($0.32) ($0.19) ($0.06) ($0.02) ($0.02) Analyst H. Fraser Phillips EPS Growth 129.0% 31.8% -13.4% -40.1% -68.3% -66.3% 6.6% (416) P/E n/a n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. fraser.phillips@rbccm.com CFPS ($0.27) ($0.33) ($0.38) ($0.24) ($0.07) ($0.02) ($0.02) Current Share Price C$0.63 P/CFPS n/a n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. 52-Week High C$1.36 EV/EBITDA n/a n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. 52-Week Low C$0.61 Dividend Per Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Market Capitalization (million) $490.7 Dividend Yield (%) n/a 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Shares Outstanding (million) Franking (%) Float (million) Weighted Average Share Outstanding, F.D. (million) Year-end 31-Dec Average Share Price (Canadian $) $0.00 $4.65 $3.05 $1.50 $0.63 $0.63 $0.63 Reporting Currency US$ P&L (millions) 2011A 2012A 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E 2017E Current US$/C$ 0.75 Total Revenue $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Operating Costs $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SG&A $16 $21 $28 $28 $18 $18 $18 LO-13AUG IVANHOE MINES LTD HI-26MAY HI/LO DIFF % CLOSE LO-16NOV PEAK VOL VOLUME Exploration $97 $128 $174 $136 $36 $0 $0 Other Expenses ($1) ($2) ($4) ($6) $0 $0 $0 EBITDA ($112) ($147) ($198) ($158) ($54) ($18) ($18) DD&A $1 $2 $4 $6 $1 $2 $4 EBIT ($113) ($149) ($202) ($164) ($55) ($20) ($22) Interest Expense $5 $27 $2 $2 $0 $0 $0 Others $7 $3 $352 $90 ($416) ($1) ($1) Provison for Taxes $0 $0 ($76) $0 $1 Equity & Associate Interests $1 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Minority Interests ($4) ($13) ($110) ($32) ($6) ($1) Priced as of market close November 18, 2015 Net Earnings from Continuing Ops ($121) ($166) ($370) ($224) $366 ($18) ($20) Preferred Dividends, Disc. Ops & Other $0 $0 $0 $1 $0 $0 $0 $50 $0 Net Earnings to Common ($121) ($166) ($370) ($223) $366 ($18) ($20) ($200) Adjustments $8 $6 $198 $100 ($414) $0 $0 ($400) Adjusted Net Earnings ($113) ($160) ($172) ($123) ($48) ($18) ($20) ($600) Cash Flow (millions) 2011A 2012A 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E 2017E ($800) Earnings Before Taxes ($125) ($179) ($556) ($256) $360 ($19) ($21) ($1,000) DD&A $1 $2 $4 $6 $1 $2 $4 Taxes Paid ($1) $0 $0 Working Capital & Other $13 $35 $358 $77 ($415) $0 $0 Operating Cash Flow ($111) ($142) ($194) ($174) ($54) ($17) ($17) CAPEX ($4) ($9) ($18) ($26) ($81) ($1,191) ($1,153) Free Cash Flow ($114) ($152) ($212) ($200) ($135) ($1,208) ($1,170) Repayment of Long-term Debt ($10) ($105) $0 $0 $0 $0 Preferred Dividends $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Common Dividends $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Dividends Paid to Minority Interests $0 $0 $0 $0 $21 $381 $288 Issuance/Buyback of Common Shares $23 $289 $104 $135 $85 $0 $0 Other Financing Activities $404 $62 $1 $18 $0 $0 $0 Acquisition/Disposal of Assets ($135) ($1) $0 $27 $256 $124 $41 Other Investing Activities $0 ($20) ($5) ($9) $0 $0 $0 FX Effects and Disc. Ops $0 ($5) ($4) $0 $0 $0 Net Change in Cash $168 $74 ($116) ($33) $226 ($703) ($840) Balance Sheet (millions) 2011A 2012A 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E 2017E Cash & Short-term Investments $266 $339 $224 $166 $392 ($311) ($1,151) Total Current Assets $273 $352 $240 $182 $573 ($254) ($1,135) Property, Plant & Equipment $45 $17 $35 $51 $131 $1,320 $2,469 Total Assets $628 $723 $288 $253 $724 $1,086 $1,354 Short-term Borrowing & Debt Due in One Year $79 $5 $4 $4 $0 $0 $0 Total Current Liabilities $90 $25 $38 $27 $23 $23 $23 Long-term Debt $160 $7 $20 $21 $25 $25 $25 Convertible Bonds $112 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total liabilities $327 $109 $60 $51 $51 $51 $51 Minority Interests $69 $47 ($89) ($121) ($101) $279 $566 Common Shareholders' Equity $232 $566 $316 $324 $775 $756 $737 Total Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity $628 $723 $288 $253 $724 $1,086 $1,354 Source: Company reports, RBC Capital Markets estimates $0 $2,000 $1,000 $0 ($1,000) 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% -60% Sales (mm$, LS) Net Debt (mm$, LS) IVANHOE MINES LTD 252 DAYS 17NOV14-17NOV15 IVANHOE MINES LTD Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEX ROCE Free Cash Flow (mm$, RS) ($1,200) ($1,400) 189% 0% -189% Net Debt/Total Capitalization (RS) ROE HI-26MAY15 HI/LO DIFF 0% -20% -40% -60% -80% IVN.T % CLOSE % -120% November 18, 2015 Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (416) ; fraser.phillips@rbccm.com 4

5 11A 12A 13A 14A 15E 16E 17E 11A 12A 13A 14A 15E 16E 17E 11A 12A 13A 14A 15E 16E 17E Base Metals & Minerals Ivanhoe Mines (IVN) Outperform (TSX) Speculative Risk Ratio Analysis 2011A 2012A 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E 2017E 12-Month Target C$1.50 Sales Growth (%) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a EBITDA/Sales (%) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a EBIT/Sales (%) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a $0 1.0x Net Earnings/Sales (%) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Effective Tax Rate -0.2% 0.0% 13.6% -0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% ($50) Net Interest Coverage (EBIT/Interest Charges) nm nm nm nm nm nm nm ($100) Net Debt/Equity 36.8% -58.0% -63.3% -43.7% -47.5% 44.4% 159.7% Net debt/ Total Capitalization 13.1% -52.5% -79.8% -62.2% -52.6% 31.7% 88.6% ($150) Return on Assets (ROA) -18.0% -22.1% -59.8% -48.8% -6.6% -1.7% -1.4% Return on Equity (ROE) -48.8% -28.2% -54.4% -38.1% -6.2% -2.4% -2.7% ($200) Return on Capital Employeed (ROCE) -20.9% -23.4% % -67.6% -7.7% -1.8% -1.6% ($250) 0.0x Commodity & FX Assumptions 2011A 2012A 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E 2017E Copper (US$/lb) $4.00 $3.61 $3.32 $3.11 $2.45 $2.50 $2.75 Zinc (US$/lb) $0.99 $0.88 $0.87 $0.98 $0.90 $1.05 $1.35 Nickel (US$/lb) $10.38 $7.95 $6.81 $7.65 $5.50 $6.00 $8.00 Gold (US$/oz) $1, $1, $1, $1, $1, $1, $1, C$/US$ $0.99 $1.00 $1.03 $1.10 $1.28 $1.33 $1.32 Mine Production 2011A 2012A 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E 2017E Total Copper ('000s of tonnes) Total Zinc ('000s of tonnes) Total Gold ('000s of ounces) Total Nickel ('000s of tonnes) Cash Costs 2011A 2012A 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E 2017E Copper (US$/lb) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Zinc (US$/lb) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Operating Profits By Operations (million) 2011A 2012A 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E 2017E 1. Kamoa ($47) ($65) ($68) ($38) ($1) ($1) ($3) 2. Kipushi ($2) ($27) ($57) ($46) ($26) $0 $0 3. Platreef ($46) ($34) ($29) ($32) $0 $0 $0 Total ($121) ($155) ($223) ($265) ($27) ($1) ($3) Estimated EPS Leverage to 2011A 2012A 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E 2017E US$0.10 /lb Increase in Copper price $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 US$0.10 /lb Increase in Nickel price $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 US$0.05 /lb Increase in Zinc price $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 US$1.00 /lb Increase in Cobalt price $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 US$1.00 /lb Increase in Moly price $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 US$50 /oz Increase in Gold price $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 US$0.05 Increase in C$ $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0 $0 ($20) ($40) ($60) ($80) ($100) ($120) ($140) ($160) ($180) EBITDA (mm$, LS) Cash Flow/sh (LS) EV/EBITDA (RS) P/CFPS (RS) Operating Profits by Operations (mm$) 4.0x 0.0x Estimated NAV Break-Down US$million $/sh % Assets Kamoa (50.7%) $1,350 $ % Kipushi (13.0%) $345 $ % Platreef (36.4%) $968 $ % Gross Asset Value $2,663 $3.42 Net Corporate Overheads ($175) ($0.22) Net Debt $535 $0.69 Net Asset Value $3,024 $3.88 C$5.18 Estimated NAV Leverage to US$0.10 /lb Increase in Copper price C$0.28 US$0.10 /lb Increase in Nickel price C$0.01 US$0.05 /lb Increase in Zinc price C$0.00 NAV C$5.18 US$1.00 /lb Increase in Cobalt price C$0.00 Discount to NAV 70% US$1.00 /lb Increase in Moly price C$ month Target C$1.50 US$50 /oz Increase in Gold price -C$0.32 US$0.05 Increase in C$ C$0.00 Source: Company reports, RBC Capital Markets estimates November 18, 2015 Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (416) ; fraser.phillips@rbccm.com 5

6 Valuation We value the company using a DCF-based Net Asset Value approach. Our price target is based on the shares achieving 30% of our NAV estimate over the next 12 months, reflecting volatility in the commodity markets as well as the uncertain timeline of Ivanhoe s projects. Price target impediments Key risks include geo-political risk in the DRC and South Africa, financing risk, execution risk at the company s development projects given they are early-stage and long-dated, and risks associated with the development of infrastructure for the projects, including transportation in the DRC and power and water in South Africa. Company description Ivanhoe Mines is a mineral exploration and development company whose main project is located in Africa. The company was founded by Executive Chairman Robert Friedland, who has an extensive track record of generating shareholder value in the mining industry through exploration and project development. Ivanhoe has been active in South Africa since 1994 and the DRC since 1996, focusing on exploration within the Central African Copperbelt and the Bushveld Complex. The company has three key assets. The Kamoa Project is located in the Central African Copperbelt in the Katanga Province, DRC, and holds a large high grade copper deposit recently discovered by Ivanhoe. The Platreef Project was also discovered by Ivanhoe and is located on the northern limb of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa. It contains a high grade-thickness PGE, gold, nickel and copper deposit. The Kipushi Project, in the Central African Copperbelt in the Katanga province, DRC, is a past-producing high-grade underground zinc and copper mine. Ivanhoe Mines currently holds a 95% interest in Kamoa, a 90% interest in Platreef and a 68% interest in Kipushi. In addition, exploration continues to play a key role within the company and it currently holds numerous exploration properties in the DRC, South Africa, Gabon, and Australia. November 18, 2015 Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (416) ; fraser.phillips@rbccm.com 6

7 Required disclosures Non-U.S. analyst disclosure Fraser Phillips, Steve Bristo and Wen Tian (i) are not registered/qualified as research analysts with the NYSE and/or FINRA and (ii) may not be associated persons of the RBC Capital Markets, LLC and therefore may not be subject to FINRA Rule 2711 and NYSE Rule 472 restrictions on communications with a subject company, public appearances and trading securities held by a research analyst account. Conflicts disclosures The analyst(s) responsible for preparing this research report received compensation that is based upon various factors, including total revenues of the member companies of RBC Capital Markets and its affiliates, a portion of which are or have been generated by investment banking activities of the member companies of RBC Capital Markets and its affiliates. Please note that current conflicts disclosures may differ from those as of the publication date on, and as set forth in, this report. To access current conflicts disclosures, clients should refer to DisclosureLookup.aspx?entityId=1 or send a request to RBC CM Research Publishing, P.O. Box 50, 200 Bay Street, Royal Bank Plaza, 29th Floor, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2W7. RBC Dominion Securities Inc. makes a market in the securities of. Explanation of RBC Capital Markets Equity rating system An analyst's 'sector' is the universe of companies for which the analyst provides research coverage. Accordingly, the rating assigned to a particular stock represents solely the analyst's view of how that stock will perform over the next 12 months relative to the analyst's sector average. Although RBC Capital Markets' ratings of Top Pick (TP)/Outperform (O), Sector Perform (SP), and Underperform (U) most closely correspond to Buy, Hold/Neutral and Sell, respectively, the meanings are not the same because our ratings are determined on a relative basis. Ratings Top Pick (TP): Represents analyst's best idea in the sector; expected to provide significant absolute total return over 12 months with a favorable risk-reward ratio. Outperform (O): Expected to materially outperform sector average over 12 months. Sector Perform (SP): Returns expected to be in line with sector average over 12 months. Underperform (U): Returns expected to be materially below sector average over 12 months. Risk Rating As of March 31, 2013, RBC Capital Markets suspends its Average and Above Average risk ratings. The Speculative risk rating reflects a security's lower level of financial or operating predictability, illiquid share trading volumes, high balance sheet leverage, or limited operating history that result in a higher expectation of financial and/or stock price volatility. Distribution of ratings For the purpose of ratings distributions, regulatory rules require member firms to assign ratings to one of three rating categories - Buy, Hold/Neutral, or Sell - regardless of a firm's own rating categories. Although RBC Capital Markets' ratings of Top Pick(TP)/ Outperform (O), Sector Perform (SP), and Underperform (U) most closely correspond to Buy, Hold/Neutral and Sell, respectively, the meanings are not the same because our ratings are determined on a relative basis (as described below). Distribution of ratings RBC Capital Markets, Equity Research As of 30-Sep-2015 Investment Banking Serv./Past 12 Mos. Rating Count Percent Count Percent BUY [Top Pick & Outperform] HOLD [Sector Perform] SELL [Underperform] November 18, 2015 Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (416) ; fraser.phillips@rbccm.com 7

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This material is prepared for general circulation to clients and has been prepared without regard to the individual financial circumstances and objectives of persons who receive it. The investments or services contained in this report may not be suitable for you and it is recommended that you consult an independent investment advisor if you are in doubt about the suitability of such investments or services. This report is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities. Past performance is not a guide to future performance, future returns are not guaranteed, and a loss of original capital may occur. RBC Capital Markets research analyst compensation is based in part on the overall profitability of RBC Capital Markets, which includes profits attributable to investment banking revenues. Every province in Canada, state in the U.S., and most countries throughout the world have their own laws regulating the types of securities and other investment products which may be offered to their residents, as well as the process for doing so. As a result, the securities discussed in this report may not be eligible for sale in some jurisdictions. RBC Capital Markets may be restricted from publishing research reports, from time to time, due to regulatory restrictions and/ or internal compliance policies. If this is the case, the latest published research reports available to clients may not reflect recent material changes in the applicable industry and/or applicable subject companies. RBC Capital Markets research reports are current only as of the date set forth on the research reports. This report is not, and under no circumstances should be construed as, a solicitation to act as securities broker or dealer in any jurisdiction by any person or company that is not legally permitted to carry on the business of a securities broker or dealer in that jurisdiction. To the full extent permitted by law neither RBC Capital Markets nor any of its affiliates, nor any other person, accepts any liability whatsoever for any direct or consequential loss arising from any use of this report or the information contained herein. No matter contained in this document may be reproduced or copied by any means without the prior consent of RBC Capital Markets. Additional information is available on request. To U.S. Residents: This publication has been approved by RBC Capital Markets, LLC (member FINRA, NYSE, SIPC), which is a U.S. registered broker-dealer and which accepts responsibility for this report and its dissemination in the United States. Any U.S. recipient of this report that is not a registered broker-dealer or a bank acting in a broker or dealer capacity and that wishes further information regarding, or to effect any transaction in, any of the securities discussed in this report, should contact and place orders with RBC Capital Markets, LLC. To Canadian Residents: This publication has been approved by RBC Dominion Securities Inc.(member IIROC). Any Canadian recipient of this report that is not a Designated Institution in Ontario, an Accredited Investor in British Columbia or Alberta or a Sophisticated Purchaser in Quebec (or similar permitted purchaser in any other province) and that wishes further information regarding, or to effect any transaction in, any of the securities discussed in this report should contact and place orders with RBC Dominion Securities Inc., which, without in any way limiting the foregoing, accepts responsibility for this report and its dissemination in Canada. To U.K. Residents: This publication has been approved by RBC Europe Limited ('RBCEL') which is authorized by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority ('FCA') and the Prudential Regulation Authority, in connection with its distribution in the United Kingdom. This material is not for general distribution in the United Kingdom to retail clients, as defined under the rules of the FCA. However, targeted distribution may be made to selected retail clients of RBC and its affiliates. RBCEL accepts responsibility for this report and its dissemination in the United Kingdom. To Persons Receiving This Advice in Australia: This material has been distributed in Australia by Royal Bank of Canada - Sydney Branch (ABN , AFSL No ). This material has been prepared for general circulation and does not take into account the objectives, financial situation or needs of any recipient. Accordingly, any recipient should, before acting on this material, consider the appropriateness of this material having regard to their objectives, financial situation and needs. If this material relates to the acquisition November 18, 2015 Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (416) ; fraser.phillips@rbccm.com 9

10 or possible acquisition of a particular financial product, a recipient in Australia should obtain any relevant disclosure document prepared in respect of that product and consider that document before making any decision about whether to acquire the product. This research report is not for retail investors as defined in section 761G of the Corporations Act. To Hong Kong Residents: This publication is distributed in Hong Kong by RBC Capital Markets (Hong Kong) Limited and Royal Bank of Canada, Hong Kong Branch (both entities which are regulated by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority ('HKMA') and the Securities and Futures Commission ('SFC')). Financial Services provided to Australia: Financial services may be provided in Australia in accordance with applicable law. Financial services provided by the Royal Bank of Canada, Hong Kong Branch are provided pursuant to the Royal Bank of Canada's Australian Financial Services Licence ('AFSL') (No ). RBC Capital Markets (Hong Kong) Limited is exempt from the requirement to hold an AFSL under the Corporations Act 2001 in respect of the provision of such financial services. RBC Capital Markets (Hong Kong) Limited is regulated by the HKMA and the SFC under the laws of Hong Kong, which differ from Australian laws. To Singapore Residents: This publication is distributed in Singapore by the Royal Bank of Canada, Singapore Branch, a registered entity granted offshore bank licence by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. This material has been prepared for general circulation and does not take into account the objectives, financial situation, or needs of any recipient. You are advised to seek independent advice from a financial adviser before purchasing any product. If you do not obtain independent advice, you should consider whether the product is suitable for you. Past performance is not indicative of future performance. If you have any questions related to this publication, please contact the Royal Bank of Canada, Singapore Branch. Royal Bank of Canada, Singapore Branch accepts responsibility for this report and its dissemination in Singapore. To Japanese Residents: Unless otherwise exempted by Japanese law, this publication is distributed in Japan by or through RBC Capital Markets (Japan) Ltd., a registered type one financial instruments firm and/or Royal Bank of Canada, Tokyo Branch, a licensed foreign bank.. Registered trademark of Royal Bank of Canada. RBC Capital Markets is a trademark of Royal Bank of Canada. Used under license. Copyright RBC Capital Markets, LLC Member SIPC Copyright RBC Dominion Securities Inc Member Canadian Investor Protection Fund Copyright RBC Europe Limited 2015 Copyright Royal Bank of Canada 2015 All rights reserved November 18, 2015 Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (416) ; fraser.phillips@rbccm.com 10