Health Inequalities: Where do our deprived people live in Dumfries & Galloway?
|
|
- Rudolf Tate
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Health Inequalities: Where do our deprived people live in Dumfries & Galloway? What is meant by deprivation? Deprivation is a concept that overlaps with, but is not synonymous with, poverty. A definition by Townsend is widely used: Deprivation takes many different forms in every known society. People can be said to be deprived if they lack the types of diet, clothing, housing, household facilities, fuel, and environmental, educational, working and social conditions activities and facilities that are customary in society. 1 This indicates the breadth of factors that contribute to deprivation or disadvantage. Deprivation in a rural area like Dumfries & Galloway shares many of these factors with urban areas but also has some distinct elements 2, such as a different pattern of housing, employment and a greater necessity for car ownership. In addition rural areas tend to be more heterogeneous than urban neighbourhoods. The importance of deprivation for the health service stems from the clear link between deprivation and health outcomes with deprived groups having poorer outcomes across a wide range of health measures such as deaths, disease rates or hospital admissions. 3,4 A related paper on inequalities (in production) shows some current deprivation gradients in outcomes for Dumfries & Galloway. This related paper also describes the factors underlying deprivation and its measurement in detail. How can deprivation be measured? Effectively there are two ways of assessing deprivation: by measures that relate to areas such as Carstairs deprivation categories or the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, and measures pertaining to individuals such as social class or level of income. Area-based measures are widely used. They have substantial benefits including that they: 1. are easily measurable from routine data; 2. provide a simple means of categorising each area; 3. can enable direct comparisons between areas within Dumfries & Galloway or across Scotland; 4. are used for Arbuthnott allocations of NHS resources; 5. are frequently used for targeting resources or services towards areas assessed as deprived. However area-based measures of deprivation do have drawbacks that include: 1. Area-based measures are based on assumptions about which factors best represent material deprivation. One factor previously used to
2 measure deprivation is access to a car, yet that may not measure deprivation validly in a rural area where a car may be seen as essential. 2. Areas are not internally homogeneous, particularly in rural regions. Populations containing a mix of deprived and affluent households are likely to have middle ranking scores and this can hide the effects of deprivation. Even in neighbourhoods that are recognised as deprived or affluent, area-based measures can mislead. Some deprived people live in affluent areas and conversely not everybody living in an area recognised as deprived is individually deprived. In addition to the area-based measures it is important therefore to try to find a way of identifying those individuals within Dumfries & Galloway who are or may be deprived. This is partly achievable through use of the standard areabased measure, the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation The Scottish Executive first published the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation in 2003 and an updated index was issued in 2004 (SIMD2004). 5 The SIMD2004 uses data zones as geographical units, aggregated from census output areas. There are 193 data zones in Dumfries & Galloway containing an average of approximately 765 people in each data zone. Data zones are substantially smaller than postcode sectors (on which the Carstairs deprivation categories were based) so should have less heterogeneity than postcode sectors. The SIMD2004 uses 31 indicators of deprivation from six domains: income, employment, education, health, housing and access to services. It does not include access to a car. The related paper on inequalities gives full details of the SIMD2004. The SIMD2004 scores for the whole of Scotland are ranked in order and divided into either five (quintiles) or ten (deciles) equal sized groups for comparison. Though at a Scottish level there are approximately equal population numbers in the five or ten groups, it does not follow that this will be the case for an individual NHS Board like Dumfries & Galloway. We usually use five rather than ten groups in Dumfries & Galloway as this tends to be the standard and gives larger numbers in each group.
3 Deprivation in Dumfries & Galloway as measured by SIMD2004 Figure 1 shows the distribution of data zones and population in Dumfries & Galloway. Out of 193 data zones, Dumfries & Galloway has 15 in the 20% most deprived in Scotland. This is equivalent to a 1.2% share of all the worst areas in Scotland. The number of people who live in these most deprived areas is approximately 12,000, which is 8.1% of the Dumfries & Galloway population. The figure for Scotland is 20% of the population in the 20% most deprived areas, so we have significantly fewer people living in our worst areas. Figure 1: Distribution of SIMD2004 Data Zones and population in Dumfries & Galloway Number of Data zones Percent of population Number of Data Zones % 40% 22% 78 7% % SIMD04 Quintile (1 = Advantaged, 5 =Deprived) 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Percent of Population Dumfries & Galloway also has 13 data zones that are ranked in the top 20% most advantaged in Scotland, which is equivalent to a 1.0% share of the best areas in Scotland. The number of people who live in these most advantaged areas is approximately 10,400, which is 7.0% of the Dumfries & Galloway population.
4 The neighbourhood areas that have been identified as having the most and least area-based deprivation using the SIMD2004 are: Deprived = 15 Data Zones Stranraer x 3 around Dick s Hill Wigtownshire x 1 Whithorn Dumfries x 5 North West Dumfries past A75 Dumfries x 2 Loreburn Area, Buccleuch St Upper Nithsdale x 3 Kirkconnel and Kelloholm Annandale & Eskdale x 1 Annan Advantaged = 13 Data Zones Stranraer x 1 North West of harbour Stewartry x 1 farmland North of Dalbeattie, Haugh of Urr Dumfries x 2 Maxwelltown Dumfries x 5 Georgetown Dumfries x 1 Marchmount Annandale & Eskdale x 1 Langholm Annandale & Eskdale x 1 Gretna Annandale & Eskdale x 1 Annan The deprived data zones include the four recognised areas in North West Dumfries, Upper Nithsdale, Stranraer and the Machars, which are all areas served by the Building Healthy Communities initiative. For the first time however it includes areas of central Dumfries and Annan as deprived. Figure 2 shows a map of Dumfries & Galloway with the distribution of SIMD2004 quintiles. Figure 2: Map of SIMD 2004, with Zoom-ins for Dumfries and Stranraer
5 Deprivation in localities in Dumfries & Galloway as measured by SIMD2004 Tables 1 and 2 below show the number of data zones and population in each locality as well as for the whole of Dumfries & Galloway and for Scotland. Table 1: Number of data zones in each locality by SIMD2004 quintile Advantaged >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Deprived Area Band 1 Band 2 Band 3 Band 4 Band 5 Total Scotland Dumfries & Galloway Annandale & Eskdale Dumfries & Nithsdale Stewartry Wigtownshire Table 2: Population in each locality by SIMD2004 quintile Advantaged >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Deprived Area Band 1 Band 2 Band 3 Band 4 Band 5 Total Scotland Dumfries & Galloway 10,353 33,824 59,135 32,480 11, ,765 Annandale &Eskdale 2,656 14,334 13,142 6, ,874 Dumfries & Nithsdale 6,239 12,187 17,863 13,177 8,072 57,538 Stewartry 613 7,303 14,265 1,651-23,832 Wigtownshire ,865 11,575 3,236 29,521 Table 2 indicates that the largest numbers of people living in both the most deprived and most advantaged areas are both found in Dumfries & Nithsdale. The distribution of the population in Dumfries & Galloway as a whole is symmetrical between deprived and advantaged (see Figure 1). Similarly the population in Dumfries and Nithsdale is fairly balanced between deprived and advantaged, while the populations of Annandale & Eskdale and Stewartry are skewed towards the advantaged quintiles and that of Wigtownshire is skewed towards the deprived. Deprivation of Individuals in Dumfries & Galloway In tackling inequalities, most of the focus is on those living in deprived rather than advantaged circumstances. It is important to know as accurately as possible where deprived people live so that services can work to address the inequalities they are experiencing. As discussed earlier, area-based measures can give an indication of where some deprived individuals live and this indication will be better if the geographical unit is smaller. For example the four areas of relative deprivation where Building Healthy Communities works have been locally recognised as such for many years and can be
6 formally identified using area-based measures of deprivation. The SIMD2004 picks out two additional areas of relative deprivation in central Dumfries and Annan. An individual measure that captured all the complexities of deprivation would give a much better picture of where deprived people live in the region. There is however no such individual measure. Indications of two aspects of individual deprivation may be obtained from the SIMD2004. The SIMD2004 gives the score and rank for each of the six domains that comprise the index at data zone level. It also gives for each data zone the number of current income-deprived and employment-deprived individuals. The definition of income-deprived individuals is based on different types of benefit claims while employment-deprived individuals are derived from unemployment or incapacity indicators. Some people who are eligible do not register for benefits or unemployment claims and the definitions used are likely to undercount the true numbers of people who may be income or employment deprived in Dumfries & Galloway. Numbers of income or employment-deprived individuals cannot be related to any other indices, e.g. of deaths or health interventions since they are only given as counts. However they do give the best available information on where income or employment-deprived individuals live in Dumfries & Galloway. A total of 18,543 individuals are classed as current income deprived, representing 12.5% of the population of Dumfries & Galloway. A total of 10,284 persons are regarded as employment deprived, which makes up 11.8% of the working age population. Obviously there will be a considerable overlap between those classified as current income deprived or employment deprived; however there is no way to define the magnitude of this overlap. It is important to examine both the proportions and numbers of people who are classed as current income deprived or employment deprived in the quintiles of the distribution of SIMD2004. Figures 3 and 4 show these relations for current income deprivation and Figures 5 and 6 for employment deprivation.
7 Figure 3: Proportions of people in Dumfries & Galloway classed as current income deprived by SIMD2004 quintile 35% 31.6% 30% 25% Percent of Population 20% 15% 10% 11.3% 17.4% 6.2% 5% 3.0% 0% SIMD2004 Quintile (1=Advantaged, 5=Deprived) Figure 4: Numbers of people in Dumfries & Galloway classed as current income deprived by SIMD2004 quintile Number of People SIMD2004 Quintile (1=Advantaged, 5=Deprived)
8 Figure 5: Proportions of working age population in Dumfries & Galloway classed as employment deprived by SIMD2004 quintile 30% Percent of Working Age Population 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 5.5% 7.3% 10.8% 15.3% 25.6% 0% SIMD Quintile (1=Advantaged, 5=Deprived) Figure 6: Numbers of working age population in Dumfries & Galloway classed as employment deprived by SIMD2004 quintile Number people of Working Age SIMD Quintile (1=Advantaged, 5=Deprived)
9 Figures 3 and 5 show the expected relations with SIMD2004 quintiles: the proportions of current income-deprived and employment-deprived people are greater in more deprived quintiles. However Figures 4 and 6 reveal a surprising and crucially important result: the overall numbers of current income-deprived and employment-deprived people are much higher in quintiles 3 and 4 than in quintile 5. The reason underlying this is that many more people live in quintiles 3 and 4 than in quintile 5 in Dumfries & Galloway (see Figure 1). The implication for Dumfries & Galloway is that the large majority of income or employment-deprived people in our region live in areas that are not recognised as deprived. There is little difference whether current income or employment is used as a measure of individual deprivation. The numbers affected differ but the distribution patterns remain similar. This finding is of huge practical importance. We might have expected that the majority of income or employment-deprived people live in the most deprived areas, as identified by quintile 5 of SIMD2004. That in itself would extend the areas of recognised deprivation into new territory in central Dumfries and Annan, as we have seen. At the very least, we might expect most of the deprived individuals who do not live in quintile 5 data zones to live in quintile 4, the other set of data zones that are below the mean for deprivation. Yet this turns out not to be so. Table 3 shows the numbers of current income or employment-deprived people who live in quintiles 5, 4 and any of the other more affluent quintiles 1-3. It can be seen that only just over half of current income-deprived and 46% of employment-deprived people live in data zones that could in any way be classed as deprived. Table 3: Numbers of current income or employment-deprived people living in data zones in quintiles 4 or 5 of SIMD2004 Current income deprived Employment deprived Quintile 5 (20% most deprived data zones) Number Percent Number Percent 3, , Quintile 4 5, , Quintiles , , Non-deprived quintiles ( ) 9, , Total 18, , Deprivation of Individuals in localities in Dumfries & Galloway Figures 7 and 8 show the proportions and numbers of people who are classed as current income deprived and Figures 9 and 10 for those identified as employment deprived in our localities.
10 Figure 7: Proportion of people who are current income deprived by locality Proportion of population in Dumfries and Galloway who are income deprived by LHP 18.0% 16.0% 16.4% 14.0% 12.9% Percent of Population 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 10.5% 10.2% 2.0% 0.0% Annandale & Eskdale Dumfries & Upper Nithsdale Stewartry Wigtownshire Figure 7 shows that the highest proportion of people who are income deprived live in Wigtownshire. Figure 8 however indicates that the actual numbers of people affected are substantially greater in Dumfries & Nithsdale. In each locality the large majority of income-deprived people live outwith the most deprived data zones in quintile 5, which is where most of the resources to address inequalities are currently focussed. Figure 8: Number of people who are current income deprived by locality separated into those in most deprived quintile 5 and others in quintiles 1-4 Quintile 1=Advantaged, Quintile 5=Deprived SIMD04 Quintile 5 SIMD04 Quintiles Number of people Annandale & Eskdale Dumfries & Upper Nithsdale Stewartry Wigtownshire
11 Figure 9: Proportion of working age population in Dumfries & Galloway who are employment deprived by locality Proportion of working age population in Dumfries and Galloway who are employment deprived by LHP 16.0% 14.5% Percent of Working Age Population 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 9.8% 12.6% 10.0% 0.0% Annandale & Eskdale Dumfries & Upper Nithsdale Stewartry Wigtownshire Figures 9 and 10 show that employment deprivation has a similar distribution to current income deprivation, with the highest proportion in Wigtownshire but the largest numbers in Dumfries & Nithsdale. The proportions of the Annandale & Eskdale and Stewartry populations who are current income or employment deprived are very similar, however the numbers of individuals involved are considerably higher in Annandale & Eskdale. Figure 10: Number of working age population in Dumfries & Galloway who are employment deprived by locality separated into those in most deprived quintile 5 and others in quintiles 1-4 Quintile 1=Advantaged, Quintile 5=Deprived SIMD04 Quintile 5 SIMD04 Quintiles Number of people Annandale & Eskdale Dumfries & Upper Nithsdale Stewartry Wigtownshire
12 Conclusions It is important to be aware that the measures studied - current income and employment deprivation - are elements of deprivation from the SIMD2004. Deprivation however is a complex concept and these measures may not capture all individuals who experience some aspect of deprivation as defined earlier. This analysis of deprivation in Dumfries & Galloway leads to a number of important findings: 1. It identifies for the first time the numbers of current income and employment-deprived people in our region. Using the definitions of deprivation arising from the way the SIMD2004 is modelled, there are approximately 18,500 current income-deprived and 10,300 employment-deprived individuals, clearly with major overlap between these groups. 2. The analysis shows where people classed as current income or employment-deprived live within Dumfries & Galloway at a data zone level. It is possible to identify the exact numbers of current incomedeprived or employment-deprived by data zone. This may enable targeting of initiatives or services much more accurately than before. 3. Two additional areas of relative deprivation in Dumfries & Galloway have been identified in addition to the four recognised areas. These are in central Dumfries and a data zone in Annan. 4. We now know that the large majority of income or employmentdeprived individuals in Dumfries & Galloway live outwith recognised areas of deprivation. Table 3 showed that the most deprived quintile (which itself includes places other than the recognised areas of deprivation) contains a mere 20% of current income deprived and 18% of the employment deprived. Even when this is extended to include the bottom two quintiles, there are still only around half the income and employment-deprived people accounted for. An implication of this is that the Building Healthy Communities Initiative, which serves the four currently recognised area of deprivation (all in quintile 5) can only be reaching a small number of the total who are income or employment deprived within Dumfries & Galloway. It can be estimated that approximately 5,700 current income-deprived people live in the four areas served by BHC. This leaves approximately 12,850 income-deprived people who live outwith the BHC areas. 5. Finally, the distribution of income and employment-deprived people between our localities is now known. Dumfries and Nithsdale accounts for the largest number of income and employment-deprived people by a substantial margin from Wigtownshire, with Annandale & Eskdale
13 and then Stewartry having lower numbers. It is important however to remember that there are deprived people who live in Stewartry, despite Stewartry having no data zones falling into the most deprived quintile of SIMD2004. Future Implications These findings highlight the clamant need to do more to address deprivation and tackle inequalities. Some immediate implications are: Focussing on recognised areas of deprivation is still worthwhile. It gives a way of engaging with the largest concentrations of deprivation in the region. Central Dumfries and areas of Annan should now be recognised as additional areas of relative deprivation in the region. Future resource planning should take these newly recognised areas of deprivation into account. This gives six recognised areas of deprivation within Dumfries & Galloway. The findings also indicate the need for new approaches in reaching out to the majority of current income or employment-deprived people who do not live in any of the recognised areas of deprivation. These are complex issues and require thought and discussion. Two aspects seem to be involved. First, we need practical methods to identify individuals who are experiencing deprivation but do not live in deprived areas, and may indeed live in some of the most affluent areas. The SIMD2004 does not identify people as individuals, but merely gives counts in each data zone. It is not obvious how people experiencing deprivation might be identified. They may live in small neighbourhoods of relative deprivation, perhaps part of a village street, a few houses or as families or individuals. Second, once a means of identifying individuals experiencing deprivation is determined, we need to find interventions to use that would make a difference to health status. This could mean health and other services trying to better address the needs of individuals as well as the communities they live in. There may be a role for further work with communities but on a more local level and there may also be greater needs for working with individuals or families. It seems likely that the localities will have a major role in these aspects of the work. The benefits for the health service would be increasing the effectiveness of our actions to reduce health inequalities. How can we hope to bring about genuine reductions in health inequalities in Dumfries & Galloway when we currently focus on less than a third of people who experience income or employment deprivation?
14 References 1. Townsend P. Deprivation. Journal of Social Policy 1987; 16: Riddet C. Profiling Dumfries and Galloway: information, issues, opportunities, action. Health Promotion Service: Dumfries & Galloway, Acheson D (chair). Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health. The Stationery Office: London, McLaren G, Bain M. Deprivation and Health in Scotland: insights from NHS data. (last accessed ). 5. Office of the Chief Statistician. Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004: technical report. (last accessed ). Dr Andrew Carnon Ananda Allan Consultant in Public Health Senior Health Intelligence Analyst August 2006
Version 1.0. Published December Health Intelligence Unit, NHS Dumfries & Galloway. For more information please visit
i Version 1.0 Published December 2016 Health Intelligence Unit, NHS Dumfries & Galloway For more information please visit www.dg-change.org.uk Contents Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction 6 2. How SIMD
More informationScottish Indices of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD)
Scottish Indices of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) The dataset for the Lothian NHS Board Public Health Annual Report 2004 uses the Scottish Indices of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD). These indices are the most
More informationCarstairs Scores for Scottish Postcode Sectors, Datazones & Output Areas from the 2011 Census
Carstairs Scores for Scottish Postcode Sectors, Datazones & Output Areas from the 2011 Census Denise Brown, Mirjam Allik, Ruth Dundas, Alastair H Leyland October 2014 www.glasgow.ac.uk/sphsu Executive
More informationDundee City Electoral Wards Poverty Profile
Dundee City Electoral Wards Poverty Profile 2013 Produced by: Tony Jenkins Senior Planning Officer (Information & Research) Information & Research Team Chief Executive Department Dundee City Council email:
More informationDundee Partnership Fairness Strategy
Dundee Partnership Fairness Strategy 2014 Electoral Ward Profile 1 2 Contents Page 1 Introduction 1 2 Poverty Definition 2 2.1 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012 2 2.2 Benefit and Tax Credit Data
More informationHealthy life expectancy: key points (new data this update)
NOTE: This is an Archive Report of the Healthy Life Expectancy web pages on the ScotPHO website, as at 16 December 2014 Links within this report have been disabled to avoid users accessing out-of-date
More informationDumfries & Galloway Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview
Dumfries Galloway Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview Cite as: Millard A, McCartney G, MacKinnon A, Van Heelsum A, Gasiorowski A, Barkat S. Dumfries Galloway Health and Wellbeing
More informationTargeting Social Exclusion (June 2001) Rebecca Tunstall, Joseph Murray, Ruth Lupton and Anne Power, CASE. This research summary by Michael Clegg.
Targeting Social Exclusion The New Opportunities Fund asked CASE, the Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion at the LSE, to write an up-to-date summary of thinking on the nature of social exclusion and
More informationANNUAL REPORT for the Child Poverty Strategy for Scotland
ANNUAL REPORT for the Child Poverty Strategy for Scotland 2016 ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE CHILD POVERTY STRATEGY FOR SCOTLAND 2016 1 CONTENTS MINISTERIAL FOREWORD 02 1. INTRODUCTION 04 2. CHILD POVERTY IN SCOTLAND
More informationDundee City Poverty Profile
Dundee City Poverty Profile 2013 Produced by: Tony Jenkins Senior Planning Officer (Information & Research) Information & Research Team Chief Executive Department Dundee City Council email: anthony.jenkins@dundeecity.gov.uk
More informationSupporting evidence for the North of Scotland Regional Clinical Strategy 1
Supporting evidence for the North of Scotland Regional Clinical Strategy 1 North of Scotland demographics 1. Introduction This document describes the demographics of the North of Scotland and has been
More informationMultiple deprivation in help-seeking UK veterans
Multiple deprivation in help-seeking UK veterans A report compiled by Combat Stress Dr Dominic Murphy, Emily Palmer & Rachel Ashwick Multiple Deprivations in Help-Seeking UK Veterans Contents Executive
More informationNeighbourhoods. The English Indices of Deprivation Bradford District. Neighbourhoods. Statistical Release. June 2011.
Neighbourhoods Statistical Release The English Indices of Deprivation 2010 Bradford District About this release This release provides an overview of the findings of the English Indices of Deprivation 2010
More informationIncome-based policies in Scotland: how would they affect health and health inequalities?
Briefing Income-based policies in Scotland: how would they affect health and health inequalities? Triple I: Informing Inequalities Interventions Comparing the impact of interventions to improve health
More informationJune Deadline Analysis: Ethnic group
June Deadline Analysis: Ethnic group Applicants by ethnic group and age at the 30 June deadline I.10.1 Applicants by ethnic group: UK White 20% 10% Change between cycle and 2017 cycle -0% -10% -20% -30%
More informationUnderstanding household income poverty at small area level
Understanding household income poverty at small area level Robert Fry, Office for National Statistics Abstract A new ONS data release provides experimental estimates of the proportion of households in
More informationSelf-directed Support, Scotland,
Data under Development Self-directed Support, Scotland, 2015-16 Self-directed Support was introduced in Scotland on 1 st April 2014 following the Social Care (Self-directed Support) (Scotland) Act 2013.
More informationPoverty and Income Inequality in Scotland: 2013/14 A National Statistics publication for Scotland
Poverty and Income Inequality in Scotland: 2013/14 A National Statistics publication for Scotland EQUALITY, POVERTY AND SOCIAL SECURITY This publication presents annual estimates of the percentage and
More informationJune Deadline Analysis: Overview
June Deadline Analysis: Overview Applicants at the 30 June deadline I.1 Applicants by domicile group Difference between cycle and 2017 cycle England Northern Ireland Scotland Wales EU (excluding UK) Not
More informationMarch Deadline Analysis: Overview
March Deadline Analysis: Overview Applicants at the 24 March deadline F.1 Applicants by domicile group Difference between cycle and 2017 cycle England Northern Ireland Scotland Wales EU (excluding UK)
More informationDundee City Poverty Profile
Dundee City Poverty Profile Draft Copy Produced by: Tony Jenkins Senior Planning Officer (Information & Research) Information & Research Team Chief Executive Department Dundee City Council email: anthony.jenkins@dundeecity.gov.uk
More informationIncome and Wealth Inequality A Lack of Equity
Income and Wealth Inequality A Lack of Equity Increasing inequality in the distribution of income and wealth is an example of market failure. Resources are not distributed equitably. Income Income is a
More informationExecutive Summary: A review of the evidence base on older people in Northern Ireland. Age NI
Executive Summary: A review of the evidence base on older people in Northern Ireland Age NI Dr Jay Wiggan and Dr Pauline Prior School of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work Queen s University Belfast
More informationEffects of taxes and benefits on UK household income: financial year ending 2017
Statistical bulletin Effects of taxes and benefits on UK household income: financial year ending 2017 Analysis of how household incomes in the UK are affected by direct and indirect taxes and benefits
More informationPoverty and income inequality in Scotland:
A National Statistics Publication for Scotland Poverty and income inequality in Scotland: 2008-09 20 May 2010 This publication presents annual estimates of the proportion and number of children, working
More informationIreland's Income Distribution
Ireland's Income Distribution Micheál L. Collins Introduction Judged in an international context, Ireland is a high income country. The 2014 United Nations Human Development Report ranks Ireland as having
More informationThe social impact of the local government budget
SPICe Briefing Pàipear-ullachaidh SPICe The social impact of the 2017-18 local government budget Maria Gannon, Ailsa Burn-Murdoch, Andrew Aiton, Nick Bailey, Glen Bramley, Allan Campbell, Kayleigh Finnigan,
More informationWest Lothian Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview
West Lothian Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview Cite as: Millard A, McCartney G, MacKinnon A, Van Heelsum A, Gasiorowski A, Barkat S. West Lothian Health and Wellbeing Profiles key
More informationIntelligence Briefing English Indices of Deprivation 2010 A London perspective. June 2011
Intelligence Briefing 2011-06 June 2011 English Indices of Deprivation 2010 A London perspective For more information please contact: Rachel Leeser Intelligence Unit Greater London Authority City Hall
More informationHealthy life expectancy in Scotland. Alison Burlison Information Services Division (part of National Health Service in Scotland)
Healthy life expectancy in Scotland Alison Burlison Information Services Division (part of National Health Service in Scotland) Scottish Public Health Observatory (ScotPHO) ScotPHO Life expectancy (LE)
More informationTHINGOE SOUTH ELECTORAL DIVISION PROFILE
THINGOE SOUTH ELECTORAL DIVISION PROFILE 2017 This Division comprises Barrow, Chedburgh, Horringer and Whelnetham and Rougham wards www.suffolkobservatory.info Crown copyright and database rights 2017
More informationSocial Focus on Urban Rural Scotland. A Scottish Executive National Statistics Publication SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE
Social Focus on Urban Rural Scotland 2003 A Scottish Executive National Statistics Publication SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE Social Focus on Urban Rural Scotland 2003 A Scottish Executive National Statistics Publication
More informationCity of Edinburgh Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview
City of Edinburgh Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview Cite as: Millard A, McCartney G, MacKinnon A, Van Heelsum A, Gasiorowski A, Barkat S. City of Edinburgh Health and Wellbeing
More informationAngus Council. Community Planning Partnership Report June 2016
Angus Council Community Planning Partnership Report June 2016 Contents Foreword... 3 Section 1: Spring 2016 destination follow up of 2014/15 school leavers... 4 Background... 4 Section A: Initial overview...
More informationINDICATORS OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN RURAL ENGLAND: 2009
INDICATORS OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN RURAL ENGLAND: 2009 A Report for the Commission for Rural Communities Guy Palmer The Poverty Site www.poverty.org.uk INDICATORS OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION
More informationThe 2008 Statistics on Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage by Gary Burtless THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION
The 2008 Statistics on Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage by Gary Burtless THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION September 10, 2009 Last year was the first year but it will not be the worst year of a recession.
More informationAPPENDIX 3 EQUIPMENT & ADAPTATIONS
APPENDIX 3 EQUIPMENT & ADAPTATIONS Purpose of report 1. To provide members with a half year overview for our aids and adaptations service, which includes information on the range of request received and
More informationNorth Lanarkshire Council. Community Planning Partnership Report June 2016
North Lanarkshire Council Community Planning Partnership Report June 2016 Contents Foreword... 3 Section 1: Spring 2016 destination follow up of 2014/15 school leavers... 4 Background... 4 Section A: Initial
More informationAberdeen City Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview
Aberdeen City Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview Cite as: Millard A, McCartney G, MacKinnon A, Van Heelsum A, Gasiorowski A, Barkat S. Aberdeen City Health and Wellbeing Profiles
More informationSouth Lanarkshire Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview
South Lanarkshire Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview Cite as: Millard A, McCartney G, MacKinnon A, Van Heelsum A, Gasiorowski A, Barkat S. South Lanarkshire Health and Wellbeing
More informationNorth Lanarkshire Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview
North Lanarkshire Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview Cite as: Millard A, McCartney G, MacKinnon A, Van Heelsum A, Gasiorowski A, Barkat S. North Lanarkshire Health and Wellbeing
More informationINEQUALITY UNDER THE LABOUR GOVERNMENT
INEQUALITY UNDER THE LABOUR GOVERNMENT Andrew Shephard THE INSTITUTE FOR FISCAL STUDIES Briefing Note No. 33 Income Inequality under the Labour Government Andrew Shephard a.shephard@ifs.org.uk Institute
More informationShetland Islands Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview
Shetland Islands Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview Cite as: Millard A, McCartney G, MacKinnon A, Van Heelsum A, Gasiorowski A, Barkat S. Shetland Islands Health and Wellbeing Profiles
More informationInverclyde Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview
Inverclyde Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators and overview Cite as: Millard A, McCartney G, MacKinnon A, Van Heelsum A, Gasiorowski A, Barkat S. Inverclyde Health and Wellbeing Profiles key indicators
More informationResearch Report No. 69 UPDATING POVERTY AND INEQUALITY ESTIMATES: 2005 PANORA SOCIAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE
Research Report No. 69 UPDATING POVERTY AND INEQUALITY ESTIMATES: 2005 PANORA SOCIAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Research Report No. 69 UPDATING POVERTY AND INEQUALITY ESTIMATES: 2005 PANORAMA Haroon
More informationLINEAR COMBINATIONS AND COMPOSITE GROUPS
CHAPTER 4 LINEAR COMBINATIONS AND COMPOSITE GROUPS So far, we have applied measures of central tendency and variability to a single set of data or when comparing several sets of data. However, in some
More informationIndices of Deprivation
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL POLICY AND INTERVENTION Indices of Deprivation Mapping the spatial distribution of multiple deprivation at small area level and their uses for targeting area-based regeneration policies
More informationDental Statistics HEAT Target H9: Fluoride varnishing for 3- and 4-year-olds
Publication Report Dental Statistics HEAT Target H9: Fluoride varnishing for - and -year-olds (Data as at 1 st March 201) Publication date 26 th November 201 An Official Statistics Publication for Scotland
More informationThe Gazetteer for Scotland, Used with permission from The Gazetteer for Scotland at
The Gazetteer for Scotland, 1995-2007 Used with permission from The Gazetteer for Scotland at http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/ A Profile of Moray Moray is the 8 th largest Council area in Scotland, covering
More informationSTRATHMARTINE. Census Profile. Local Community Planning Partnership. dundee. Working together to make Dundee a better place
dundee STRATHMARTINE Census Profile Local Community Planning Partnership Ardler Baldragon Caird Park Camperdown Country Park Clatto Downfield & The Dales Dunsinane North Kirkton & Trottick Sherbrook St
More information2011 Community Development Halton, all rights reserved.
May 2011 2011 Community Development Halton, all rights reserved. Copies of this document may be reproduced non-commercially for the purpose of community awareness or community development with appropriate
More informationHighland Council. Community Planning Partnership Report June 2016
Highland Council Community Planning Partnership Report June 2016 Contents Foreword... 3 Section 1: Spring 2016 destination follow up of 2014/15 school leavers... 4 Background... 4 Section A: Initial overview...
More informationDUMFRIES AND GALLOWAY NHS BOARD
UMFRIES AN GALLOWAY NHS BOAR GENERAL MEICAL SERVICES PERFORMER/PROVIERS' LIST umfries & Galloway has four Local Health Partnerships (s) covering the following areas: = Upper Nithsdale/umfries = Annandale
More informationFor review, comment and to spark conversations.version as at 01 September 2016
2.6 Local economy 2.6.1 Markets and sectors This section looks at some of Newcastle s economic strengths together with some of the risks facing the local economy. Note: Gross Value Added (GVA) is the standard
More informationScottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2009: Focus on Glenrothes. Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2009: Focus on North East Fife
1 Summary Analysis of the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) shows that North East Fife has one area - Cupar North West - which features in the 20% most deprived for Scotland. The rural nature
More informationEast Ayrshire Council. Community Planning Partnership Report June 2016
East Ayrshire Council Community Planning Partnership Report June 2016 Contents Foreword... 3 Section 1: Spring 2016 destination follow up of 2014/15 school leavers... 4 Background... 4 Section A: Initial
More informationTackling Poverty and Deprivation in Dundee. Peter Allan & Derek Miller Building Stronger Communities Group 23 June 2011
Tackling Poverty and Deprivation in Dundee Peter Allan & Derek Miller Building Stronger Communities Group 23 June 2011 Why is Poverty a Priority in Dundee? Building a successful City Huge scale and impact
More informationCHANGING GEOGRAPHY OF DEPRIVATION: DISCUSSION PAPER
CHANGING GEOGRAPHY OF DEPRIVATION: DISCUSSION PAPER Discussion Paper 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. This paper provides background information to one of a set of three seminars to be held in November and December
More informationEstimating the costs of health inequalities
Estimating the costs of health inequalities A report prepared for the Marmot Review February 2010 Ltd, London. Introduction Sir Michael Marmot was commissioned to lead a review of health inequalities in
More informationTHANET CCG Analysis of Deprived Areas
THANET CCG Analysis of Deprived Areas In the most deprived decile for Kent January 2016 KCC Public Health is taking a new approach to reducing health inequalities in the county, by producing focussed analysis
More informationQuestions: Question Option 1 Option 2 Option 3
Bangladesh EquityTool: Update released November 1, 2016 The EquityTool has been updated based upon new source data. The original version is no longer active but is available upon request. Previous version
More informationChanges to work and income around state pension age
Changes to work and income around state pension age Analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing Authors: Jenny Chanfreau, Matt Barnes and Carl Cullinane Date: December 2013 Prepared for: Age UK
More informationDeprivation in East Sussex Indices of Deprivation 2007
Deprivation in East Sussex Indices of Deprivation 2007 The new Indices of Deprivation 2007 (ID 2007) have recently been released by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG). They update
More informationLA Area Tenants LA Waiting List Affordable Waiting List. Kildare County Council 2,387 3,673 1,133. Naas Town Council
3 Income Inadequacy 3.1 Local Authority Tenants At the end of December 2006 Kildare local authorities (including Naas and Athy Town Councils) had 2,944 tenants in local authority housing with a further
More informationCambridge University Press Getting Rich: America s New Rich and how they Got that Way Lisa A. Keister Excerpt More information
PART ONE CHAPTER ONE I d Rather Be Rich This book is about wealth mobility. It is about how some people get rich while others stay poor. In particular, it is about the paths people take during their lives
More informationCan our homes pay for the care we need in older age? Asset wealth and an ageing population
Can our homes pay for the care we need in older age? Asset wealth and an ageing population www.housing.org.uk Contents Summary 3 Introduction 4 The role housing associations can play 5 The implications
More informationBBPA Local impact of the beer and pub sector 2010/11
Local impact of the beer and pub sector 2010/11 A report for the British Beer and Pub Association () Contents Executive summary... 1 The beer and pub sector provides significant benefits to the UK economy......
More informationHousehold disposable income and inequality in the UK: financial year ending 2017
Statistical bulletin Household disposable income and inequality in the UK: financial year ending 2017 Initial insight into main estimates of household incomes and inequality in the UK, along with analysis
More informationArea Analysis of Child Deprivation 2014 (WIMD Indicators 2014) 1
Area Analysis of Child Deprivation 2014 (WIMD Indicators 2014) 1 This Statistical Article provides an Area Analysis of Child Deprivation in Wales, using some of the indicators underlying the Welsh Index
More informationThe Data was organised in sections under the headings of the 5 Scottish Government inclusive growth themes of:
Inclusive Growth for Clackmannanshire List of Data The list of data was assembled using: 1. The Economic Case, 2. A suggested list of data provided by colleagues in Scottish Government (which was updated),
More informationProgramme for Government: New Thinking New Opportunities. Dr Colin Sullivan - Director of Strategic Policy and Reform, Department of Finance
Programme for Government: New Thinking New Opportunities Dr Colin Sullivan - Director of Strategic Policy and Reform, Department of Finance Programme for Government: New Thinking New Opportunities NI Confederation
More informationPathways Fall The Supplemental. Poverty. Measure. A New Tool for Understanding U.S. Poverty. By Rebecca M. Blank
10 Pathways Fall 2011 The Supplemental Poverty Measure A New Tool for Understanding U.S. Poverty By Rebecca M. Blank 11 How many Americans are unable to meet their basic needs? How is that number changing
More informationSECTION- III RESULTS. Married Widowed Divorced Total
SECTION- III RESULTS The results of this survey are based on the data of 18890 sample households enumerated during four quarters of the year from July, 2001 to June, 2002. In order to facilitate computation
More informationBenefits of reducing health inequalities
Benefits of reducing health inequalities Summary The benefits of reducing health inequalities are economic as well as social. The cost of health inequalities can be measured in both human terms, lost years
More informationRegional Skills Assessment Stirling and Clackmannanshire City Region Deal Insight Report
Regional Skills Assessment Stirling and Clackmannanshire City Region Deal Insight Report 2 Contents 1 Introduction 3 The importance of skills planning in Scotland 4 Regional Skills Assessments and Skills
More informationEnglish Indices of Deprivation 2015 Bradford District in focus
Understanding Bradford District 1. Background English Indices of Deprivation 2015 Bradford District in focus 15 th October 2015 This briefing provides an overview of the findings of the English Indices
More informationREINVESTMENT ALERT. Woodstock Institute November, 1997 Number 11
REINVESTMENT ALERT Woodstock Institute November, 1997 Number 11 New Small Business Data Show Loans Going To Higher-Income Neighborhoods in Chicago Area In October, federal banking regulators released new
More informationPurchasing from the Third Sector in Scotland
Research Report: Purchasing from the Third Sector in Scotland An analysis of public sector procurement spend by selected Scottish local authorities July 2014 Research: Purchasing from the Third Sector
More informationValue-Based Pricing Working Party #1: Briefing for DH presentation
Value-Based Pricing Working Party #1: Briefing for DH presentation This document provides background material for the DH presentation to the first Working Party on the implementation of value assessment
More informationMONITORING POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN SCOTLAND 2015
MONITORING POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN SCOTLAND 2015 This study is the seventh in a series of reports monitoring poverty and social exclusion in Scotland since 2002. The analysis combines evidence
More informationDemand for social and affordable housing in WSCD area FINAL. Prepared for
Demand for social and affordable housing in WSCD area FINAL SEPTEMBER 2018 Prepared for NSW FHA SGS Economics and Planning Pty Ltd 2018 This report has been prepared for NSW FHA. SGS Economics and Planning
More informationDistrict Demographic Profile: Forest Heath
District Demographic Profile: All data is sourced from Office of National Statistics (ONS). The data sets provided cover a range of different periods and these are highlighted next to charts as appropriate.
More informationPublic Attitudes to Inequality. Scottish Social Attitudes Authors: Diana Bardsley, Stephen Hinchliffe, Ian Montagu, Joanne McLean and Susan Reid
Public Attitudes to Inequality Scottish Social Attitudes 2016 Authors: Diana Bardsley, Stephen Hinchliffe, Ian Montagu, Joanne McLean and Susan Reid Acknowledgements First and foremost, we would like to
More informationDevelopment of health inequalities indicators for the Eurothine project
Development of health inequalities indicators for the Eurothine project Anton Kunst Erasmus MC Rotterdam 2008 1. Background and objective The Eurothine project has made a main effort in furthering the
More informationDumfries & Galloway Health Board Pharmacy Practices Committee
Dumfries & Galloway Health Board Pharmacy Practices Committee Minutes of the meeting of the Pharmacy Practices Committee held on Friday, 1 February 2013 at 11 am at NHS Dumfries & Galloway s Board Headquarters,
More informationJune 19, I hope this information is helpful to you. The CBO staff contacts are Frank Sammartino and Terry Dinan. Sincerely,
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE U.S. Congress Washington, DC 20515 Douglas W. Elmendorf, Director June 19, 2009 Honorable Dave Camp Ranking Member Committee on Ways and Means U.S. House of Representatives
More informationNational Benchmarking Overview Report
Children s Services Adult Social Care Culture and Leisure Local Government Benchmarking Framework Environmental Services National Benchmarking Overview Report 217-18 Corporate Services Housing Economic
More informationDumfries and Galloway
Dumfries and Galloway Skills Assessment January 2016 SDS-1134-Jan16 Acknowledgement The Regional Skills Assessment Steering Group (Skills Development Scotland, Scottish Enterprise, the Scottish Funding
More informationMeasuring banking sector outreach
Financial Sector Indicators Note: 7 Part of a series illustrating how the (FSDI) project enhances the assessment of financial sectors by expanding the measurement dimensions beyond size to cover access,
More informationJohn Hills The distribution of welfare. Book section (Accepted version)
John Hills The distribution of welfare Book section (Accepted version) Original citation: Originally published in: Alcock, Pete, Haux, Tina, May, Margaret and Wright, Sharon, (eds.) The Student s Companion
More informationMonitoring poverty and social exclusion
Monitoring poverty and social exclusion The New Policy Institute has constructed the first set of indicators to present a wide view of poverty and social exclusion in Britain. Forty-six indicators show
More informationCopies can be obtained from the:
Published by the Stationery Office, Dublin, Ireland. Copies can be obtained from the: Central Statistics Office, Information Section, Skehard Road, Cork, Government Publications Sales Office, Sun Alliance
More informationNuneaton & Bedworth Local Economic Assessment Summary. October 2011
Nuneaton & Bedworth Local Economic Assessment Summary October 2011 Disclaimer This report has been prepared by the Warwickshire Observatory and Warwickshire County Council, with all reasonable skill, care,
More informationThe Combat Poverty Agency/ESRI Report on Poverty and the Social Welfare. Measuring Poverty in Ireland: An Assessment of Recent Studies
The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 20, No. 4, July, 1989, pp. 353-360 Measuring Poverty in Ireland: An Assessment of Recent Studies SEAN D. BARRETT Trinity College, Dublin Abstract: The economic debate
More informationPortobello / Craigmillar Neighbourhood Partnership Poverty and Inequality Profile. May Business Intelligence Service
Portobello / Craigmillar Neighbourhood Partnership Poverty and Inequality Profile May 2014 Business Intelligence Service Neighbourhood Partnership Poverty and Inequality Profiles These profiles have been
More informationTopic 11: Measuring Inequality and Poverty
Topic 11: Measuring Inequality and Poverty Economic well-being (utility) is distributed unequally across the population because income and wealth are distributed unequally. Inequality is measured by the
More informationGlobal and National Action on SDH. Michael Marmot UCL
Global and National Action on SDH Michael Marmot UCL Secretary s Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2010 Web-based Meeting 11 th Dec 2009 Lessons from
More informationRegional Skills Assessment Highlands and Islands Insight Report
Regional Skills Assessment Highlands and Islands Insight Report 2 Contents 1 Introduction 3 The importance of skills planning in Scotland 4 Regional Skills Assessments and Skills Planning 5 National Skills
More informationActive Scotland: Household Targeting Tool
Active Scotland: Household Targeting Tool Local Authority Summary 2011 Update Introduction The Active Scotland Household Targeting Tool is a tool to support planning, targeting and marketing around sport,
More informationIncomes and inequality: the last decade and the next parliament
Incomes and inequality: the last decade and the next parliament IFS Briefing Note BN202 Andrew Hood and Tom Waters Incomes and inequality: the last decade and the next parliament Andrew Hood and Tom Waters
More information