Urban Audit 4 Final Country Report: United Kingdom

Transcription

1 Urban Audit 4 Final Country Report: United Kingdom Version 1.0, 1 December 2011 Page 1 of 106

2 Table of contents Overview...4 Description of the Work... 4 Comparison with previous Urban Audits... 4 Spatial Levels used in Urban Audit IV...5 The four countries of the UK... 8 Changes in delineation of Geographies since UAIII... 8 Missing Data... 9 Demography Variables...10 Population (DE1) Nationality (DE2) Household Structure (DE3) Moves into and out of city Social Aspects (SA)...17 Housing (SA1) Housing Stock data supplied by LAs Property Prices Other Housing Variables Births and infant mortality Adult Mortality Provision of Health Care...26 Background Note on UK health care system Hospital Beds Discharges from Hospital Doctors Dentists Crime...31 Homicides Thefts and Burglary Victims of Crime Economic Aspects (EC)...38 Labour Market (EC1) Economic Activity (EC2) Economic Activity (EC2) Number of companies Companies quoted on Stock Exchange New Businesses Companies going into Liquidation Employment According to Industrial Sector Total Number of Employees Income Disparities and Poverty (EC3) Reliance on Social Security Benefits Civic Involvement...52 Elections and electorates Training and Education...54 Early Years Education School Leavers Students in Upper and Further Education Page 2 of 106

3 Students in Higher Education Students in Primary and Secondary Education Qualifications of Population Environment (EN)...64 Air pollution Noise Pollution Water connection and consumption Water supply data from water companies and agencies Waste Water Treatment Solid Waste disposal data Land Use Land Area Land used for housing Green Space Area Water and Wetland Agricultural Land Land Used for Transport Other Land Uses Travel and Transport...82 Commuting Number of Cars Motor Cycles Road Deaths Road Accidents Public Transport Provision Information Society...93 Employment in ICT Sector Culture and recreation...96 Cinemas Museums and Theatres Public Libraries Employment in the Culture and Entertainment Sector Airport Facilities Tourist Accommodation: Great Britain Tourist Stays: Availability of Tourist Beds: Page 3 of 106

4 Overview Description of the Work The aim of Urban Audit is to provide comparable benchmark data about European cities; data that could be used to inform policy-making, both at a local level (as city authorities can compare themselves with cities within their own country or with comparable cities across Europe) and at a national and European level to study the situation of urban areas as a whole. This is particularly relevant for informing the implementation of urban policies such as the European Structural funds, now into the programming period Comparison with previous Urban Audits A full data collection known as Urban Audit II was mounted in 2003/04. This collected 333 variables, where available, from 258 European cities in 27 countries. In the UK this covered 24 cities and the 33 London Boroughs. Most UK data related to For Urban Audit III the number of European cities involved expanded to 299, including 6 new cities in the UK. The total number of variables requested for Urban Audit III was 338, and the preferred year of data in most cases was Additionally 53 variables were collected for cities not covered by the main Urban Audit III exercise. This was known as the Large City Audit, and in the UK covered 76 cities. This data was, in the main, available from central sources. With the inclusion of these cities, all districts or unitary authorities in the UK with a population of over 100,000 were covered. For Urban Audit IV the number of cities within the UK remained the same, 30 Core Cities, and 76 cities to be included in the Larger City Audit. The reference year for most data is As with UAIII the number of variables has changed as some hard to get variables have been removed and others added. This has resulted in a total of 337 variables to be collected. Two new audits for UAIV are the Annual Audits, which are adding data to the time series held for a subset of variables. Page 4 of 106

5 Spatial Levels used in Urban Audit IV Urban Audit data are organised into four spatial levels: The National Level This means at the level of the UK. Responsibility for various government policy areas is devolved to the constituent countries of the UK, and as a result some statistics are produced separately. This is covered more fully below. The City Level In the case of the UK, this refers to local authority districts or unitary authorities as a whole, based on the relevant administrative boundaries. The Larger Urban Zone or LUZ This encapsulates the functional urban region, defined as an area from which a significant percentage of residents commute into the city. For the UK they are built up from LAU1 (Local Authority District) spatial units; exceptions are Derry, Stevenage, Gravesham, which do not have a LUZ, and Lincoln, which has a LUZ built up of LAU2 units (wards). Leeds and Bradford share a single LUZ. Stevenage and Gravesham are included within the London LUZ as well as being Urban Audit cities on their own account. The sub-city district or SCD To analyse disparities within cities, Urban Audit cities have been divided into sub-city districts. To ensure compatibility between cities and countries, each SCD has a population between 5,000 and 40,000. For the UK they are built up from LAU2 spatial units (wards). Page 5 of 106

6 Location and spatial coverage of Urban Audit IV cities in the UK UA Code Name With Larger Urban Zone? UK001C London Yes see below UK002C Birmingham Yes UK003C Leeds Yes shared with Bradford UK005C Bradford Yes shared with Leeds UK006C Liverpool Yes UK008C Manchester Yes UK010C Sheffield Yes UK011C Bristol Yes UK013C Newcastle-upon-Tyne Yes UK014C Leicester Yes UK017C Cambridge Yes UK018C Exeter Yes UK019C Lincoln Yes UK020C Gravesham No part of London LUZ UK021C Stevenage No part of London LUZ UK023C Portsmouth Yes UK024C Worcester Yes UK025C Coventry Yes UK026C Kingston-upon-Hull Yes UK027C Stoke-on-Trent Yes UK028C Wolverhampton Yes UK029C Nottingham Yes UK030C Wirral Yes UK012C Belfast Yes UK015C Derry No UK004C Glasgow Yes UK007C Edinburgh Yes UK016C Aberdeen Yes UK009C Cardiff Yes UK022C Wrexham Yes Page 6 of 106

7 How London fits into the Urban Audit Greater London consists of 32 London Boroughs and the City of London, administrative districts at the LAU 1 level. These have been treated as cities for Urban Audit purposes. An inner core of 13 boroughs and the City of London has been designated as Inner London. Greater London corresponds with the London NUTS1 region, using Eurostat s NUTS classification. UA Code Inner London UK001D01 UK001D02 UK001D03 UK001D04 UK001D05 UK001D06 UK001D07 UK001D08 UK001D09 UK001D10 UK001D11 UK001D12 UK001D13 UK001D33 Outer London UK001D14 UK001D15 UK001D16 UK001D17 UK001D18 UK001D19 UK001D20 UK001D21 UK001D22 UK001D23 UK001D24 UK001D25 UK001D26 UK001D27 UK001D28 UK001D29 UK001D30 UK001D31 UK001D32 London Borough Camden City of London Hackney Hammersmith and Fulham Haringey Islington Kensington and Chelsea Lambeth Lewisham Newham Southwark Tower Hamlets Westminster Wandsworth Barking and Dagenham Barnet Bexley Brent Bromley Croydon Ealing Enfield Greenwich Harrow Havering Hillingdon Hounslow Kingston upon Thames Merton Redbridge Richmond upon Thames Sutton Waltham Forest Page 7 of 106

8 The four countries of the UK The United Kingdom consists of four nations:,,, and., and have elected administrations known as the Executive, the Scottish Government and the Welsh Assembly Government respectively. Responsibility for a number of policy areas is devolved. The main policy areas which are devolved are health, education, social care, the environment, agriculture and transport. In there is also a separate legal and criminal justice system. As a result of this system of governance of the UK, statistical data covering many of the devolved policy areas are published separately by the statistical offices of the respective administrations. Where policies differ (for example in the area of health care), statistics are sometimes collected and published according to different s, and may not be comparable throughout the UK. Additionally there are a number of instances where data are available for one or more countries of the UK, but not for all of them, because it is not collected by all of them. Changes in delineation of Geographies since UAIII The table below details the changes to UK geography since UAIII Code City Year affected LAD affected Wards affected UK001C London 2007 City of London All UK002C Birmingham Birmingham None UK003C Leeds Leeds None UK004C Glasgow 2007 Glasgow All UK005C Bradford Bradford None UK006C Liverpool Liverpool None UK007C Edinburgh 2007 Edinburgh All UK008C Manchester Manchester None UK009C Cardiff Cardiff None UK010C Sheffield Sheffield None UK011C Bristol Bristol None UK012C Belfast Belfast None UK013C Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne None UK014C Leicester Leicester None UK015C Derry Derry None UK016C Aberdeen 2007 Aberdeen All UK017C Cambridge Cambridge None UK018C Exeter Exeter None UK019C Lincoln 2007 Lincoln 10/11 UK020C Gravesham Gravesham None UK021C Stevenage Stevenage UK022C Wrexham Wrexham UK023C Portsmouth Portsmouth None UK024C Worcester Worcester None UK025C Coventry Coventry None UK026C Kingston upon Hull Kingston upon Hull None UK027C Stoke-on-Trent Stoke-on-Trent None UK028C Wolverhampton Wolverhampton None UK029C Nottingham Nottingham None UK030C Wirral Wirral None Page 8 of 106

9 Meta Information and quality aspects of variables Missing Data The reasons why data is missing fall into the following categories: No organisation within the UK have collected the variable The data is only partly available because they have been collected in local or regional surveys, such as tourist accommodation variables The data available was not considered to be of a high enough quality and therefore discounted The data available contained small counts and was therefore suppressed to prevent disclosure The organisation holding the data has insufficient resource with which to comply with the request Deviating Definitions The reasons why some data deviates the s given by Eurostat fall into the following categories: Non availability of data at the given year of reference so closest year provided, for example, election statistics Data available for the given reference year, but differing reference period within the year, for example, population estimates for the UK are as at 30 th June rather than 1 st January General differences in the data collected, for example, not all age groups included in the data collection or a different of a given unit such as dwelling or household Description of Estimation Methods Used The Urban Audit team have not carried out any data estimation, however, a number of the data providers produce their data using various estimation methods. The following information describes data sources, the variables produced and the estimation methods used. Please note where the method descriptions are too large for this report a link to the methodology document has been provided. Page 9 of 106

10 Demography Variables Population (DE1) Variable Title National Coverage DE1001V Total Resident Population DE1002V Male Resident Population DE1003V Female Resident Population DE1025V Total Resident Population DE1026V Male Resident Population DE1027V Female Resident Population DE1028V Total Resident Population DE1029V Male Resident Population DE1030V Female Resident Population DE1040V Total Resident Population 0-4 DE1041V Male Resident Population 0-4 DE1042V Female Resident Population 0-4 DE1043V Total Resident Population 5-14 DE1044V Male Resident Population 5-14 DE1045V Female Resident Population 5-14 DE1046V Total Resident Population DE1047V Male Resident Population DE1048V Female Resident Population DE1049V Total Resident Population DE1050V Male Resident Population DE1051V Female Resident Population DE1052V Total Resident Population DE1053V Male Resident Population DE1054V Female Resident Population DE1055V Total Resident Population 75 and over DE1056V Male Resident Population 75 and over DE1057V Female Resident Population 75 and over DE1058V Total Resident Population DE1059V Male Resident Population DE1060V Female Resident Population DE1061V Total Resident Population DE1062V Male Resident Population DE1063V Female Resident Population DE1064V Total Resident Population DE1065V Male Resident Population DE1066V Female Resident Population DE1067V Total Resident Population 0-2 DE1068V Male Resident Population 0-2 DE1069V Female Resident Population 0-2 DE1070V Total Resident Population 3-4 DE1071V Male Resident Population 3-4 DE1072V Female Resident Population 3-4 Page 10 of 106

11 DE1073V Median population age Not available for any part of UK Metadata for whole of UK UK: Office for National Statistics (ONS). Type of Official statistical organisations Deviation from Not 1 st January estimates. These are mid-year estimates at 30 June. Eurostat Nature of Data data used in estimating population include birth and death registers and estimated in- and out- migration. Type of Statistic Estimated data Reference period Snapshot at 30 June 2008 ( ) Additional Information: A revised back series of population estimates data from 2002 to 2008 has been supplied to Eurostat as part of Urban Audit IV. This is due to improvements introduced as part of a cross government programme to improve migration statistics, which impacted on previously published population estimates leading to revisions. Full details of the improvements made can be found here: ONS Website - Improvements to Migration and Population Statistics Data are rounded to the nearest 100. Page 11 of 106

12 Nationality (DE2) DE2001V Residents who are Nationals Not available for any part of UK DE2002V Residents who are Nationals of other EU Member State Not available for any part of UK DE2003V Residents who are not EU Nationals Not available for any part of UK DE2004V Nationals born abroad Not available for any part of UK DE2005V Residents who are not EU Nationals and citizens of a country with high HDI Not available for any part of UK DE2006V Residents who are not EU Nationals and citizens of a country with a medium or low HDI Not available for any part of UK Additional Information: In the United Kingdom records of a resident s nationality are not routinely collected or maintained. Nationality is not recorded in the ten- yearly census, as preference is given to asking respondents to provide their ethnic origin, which is self-defined. A question on nationality is included in the Annual Population Survey (APS). However this is a sample survey and the results are not reliable at the LAU1 (local authority) geographical level, and are therefore not suitable for Urban Audit purposes. Page 12 of 106

13 Household Structure (DE3) Total Number of Households (excluding institutional DE3001V households) DE3002V DE3005V DE3008V DE3009V DE3010V One person households Lone parent households (with children aged 0 to under 18) Lone pensioner (above retirement age) households Total Lone pensioner (above retirement age) households Male Lone pensioner (above retirement age) households Female DE3011V Households with children aged 0 to under 18 Total Resident Population living in households DE3017V (excluding institutional households) DE3018V Households with 3 children or more Metadata for Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) Type of supplier Government Department Deviation from ES Not 1 st January estimates. These estimates are based on the household dwelling concept. Lone pensioners includes people who were unemployed or unable to work due to illness or disability prior to retirement. Pensioners include people who continue to work after reaching retirement age. Nature of Data Estimated data using mid year population estimates. Type of Statistic Estimated data Reference period Snapshot at 30 June 2008 ( ) Estimates and projections of the number of households The household projections are produced applying projected household information rates to the population projections published by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). The assumptions underlying national household and population projections are demographic trend based. The methodology used for the 2008-based household projections differs in some regards to that used for the 2006-based and previous projections. This reflects analysis of the impacts of different methodology approaches and testing of user needs, as reported in a review of the 2006 based household projection methodology published at the start of 2010, and a public consultation exercise undertaken by the Department for Communities and Local Government in March For more information go to the Department for Communities and Local Government Statistics website - Household Projections methodology Page 13 of 106

14 Metadata for Type of supplier Deviation from ES Nature of Data Type of Statistic Reference period NISRA Official statistical organisation Not 1 st January estimates. These estimates are based on the housekeeping unit concept. Lone pensioners includes people who were unemployed or unable to work due to illness or disability prior to retirement. Pensioner includes people who continue to work after reaching retirement age. From Family Resources Survey (FRS) Survey-based estimates 2008/9 Financial year Further Comments Analysis is taken from the Family Resources Survey (FRS) and the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) datasets for For more information go to the Department for Social Development in (DSDNI) website - Family Resources Survey Metadata for General Register Office for (GROS). Type of supplier Government department Deviation from ES Not 1 st January estimates. These estimates are based on the housekeeping unit concept. These figures show the number of households containing just one adult, aged 60+ for female pensioners and 65+ for male pensioners. Information is not available for any part of UK from this source on whether they have ever worked, or what their source of income is - the is just based on age. So everyone of that age will be included, regardless of whether they are still working, or have ever worked in the past. Nature of Data Projection based on recent Censuses. Type of Statistic Estimated data. Reference period Snapshot at 30 June 2008 Further Comments The household projections are based on the population projections and, as a result, assumptions used for the population projections, such as future migration, fertility and mortality, will have an effect on the household projections. The household projections rely on trends in household composition between the 1991 and 2001 Censuses and are not policy-based forecasts of what the Government expects to happen. They do not take into account social and economic factors that may influence the formation of households including policies adopted by both central and local government as well as any imbalances between housing supply and demand. In addition, projections for small groups are likely to be less reliable than those for larger groups. Page 14 of 106

15 Household projections are produced every two years. This set of household projections has been prepared up to 2033, a projection period of 25 years. These household projections incorporate information from the latest (2008-based) population projections and the 2008 and 2009 household estimates. Information from the last two Censuses is also used to project trends in household composition. In previous household projections results were presented for 10 age bands, this has now been expanded to 16 age bands. For more information go to the General Register Office for website - Population Projections Metadata for Type of supplier Deviation from ES Nature of Data Type of Statistic Reference period Welsh Government Official statistical organisation Not 1 st January estimates Estimated from population projections Survey-based estimates 2008/9 Financial year Household projections provide estimates of the future number of households, and are based on assumptions about future population growth and household composition and size. The assumptions are based on past trends and the projections only indicate what may happen should recent trends continue. Projections done in this way do not make allowances for the effects of local or central government policies or socio-economic factors on household formation rates or future population levels. Household projections are based on population projections which are themselves based on assumptions about future births, deaths and migration. As a result they provide an indication of future demand for household spaces as a result of population growth. For more information go to the Welsh Assembly Government website - Household Projections for Summary Report Moves into and out of city DE3012V DE3013V DE3014V Nationals that have moved into the city during the last two years EU Nationals that have moved into the city during the last two years (stock) Non-EU Nationals that have moved into the city during the last two years (stock) Not available for any part of UK Not available for any part of UK Not available for any part of UK Page 15 of 106

16 Additional Information: In the United Kingdom records of a resident s nationality are not routinely collected or maintained. Nationality is not recorded in the ten- yearly census, as preference is given to asking respondents to provide their ethnic origin, which is self-defined. DE3015V DE3016V Number of "moves" into the city during the last two years (flow) Number of "moves" out of the city during the last two years (flow) Not available Not available Metadata Type of supplier Deviation from ES Nature of Data ONS Official statistical organisation No record is available of nationality of people counted. LA estimates are derived from the combination of National Health Service Central Register (NHSCR) and Patient Register Data Service (PRDS) and Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) From a register Type of Statistic Reference period 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007 Comments Rounded to the nearest hundred Data may not add exactly due to rounding and constraining Not National Statistics ONS is responsible for producing estimates of internal migration in and. However, migration is recognised as the most difficult component of population change to estimate as there is no compulsory system within the UK to record movements of the population. At present ONS uses a combination of three administrative data sources as a proxy for internal migration within and ; namely the National Health Service Central Register (NHSCR), the Patient Register Data Service (PRDS) and Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) data. Page 16 of 106

17 Social Aspects (SA) Housing (SA1) SA1001V Number of conventional dwellings SA1011V Households owning their own dwelling SA1012V Households in social housing SA1013V Households in private rented housing SA1025V Empty conventional dwellings SA1048V Number of dwellings that is authorised Metadata for Department for Communities and Local Government Type of Government department Deviation from ES A dwelling is defined as a self-contained unit of accommodation. Self containment is where all the rooms (including kitchen, bathroom and toilet) in a household s accommodation are behind a door which only that household can use. Non-self contained household spaces at the same address should be counted together as a single dwelling. Therefore a dwelling can consist of one self-contained household space or two or more non-self-contained household spaces at the same address. (See reference below). This varies from that given by Eurostat, which assumes that a dwelling and a household are the same. Nature of Data Data from the DCLG Housing Strategy Statistical Appendix for Based on information submitted to CLG by English local authorities Type of Statistic Full counts or estimates provided by local authorities. Reference period Snapshot at 1 April 2008 ( ) For further information please see the Department for Communities and Local Government website - Page 17 of 106

18 Metadata for General Register Office for (GRO-S). Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES The number of vacant dwellings includes second homes/holiday homes and self-catering accommodation available for let for less than a total of 140 days per year (i.e. potentially vacant for at least 265 days or 8.5 months). Nature of Data Scottish Assessor Portal data taken from the council tax valuation list Type of Statistic Register Reference period 2008 For further information please see the General Register Office for website Estimates of Households and Dwellings in : Metadata for Statistical Directorate, Welsh Assembly Government Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES Nature of Data Data are from the Housing Revenue Account Subsidy (HRAS) second advance form Type of Statistic Housing stock return from Local Authorities Reference period 2008 Metadata for SA1004V to SA1005V SA1004V Number of houses SA1005V Number of apartments Metadata for and Valuation Office Agency Type of supplier Government Agency Deviation from ES Nature of Data The VOA is a central government agency responsible for banding homes for council tax Type of Statistic Register Reference period 2008 Page 18 of 106

19 Metadata for Type of supplier Deviation from ES Nature of Data Type of Statistic Reference period 2008 General Register Office for (GRO-S) Official statistics organisation Scottish Assessor Portal data taken from the council tax valuation list The total estimated number of dwellings within each Local Authority area as recorded by the Scottish Assessors Portal for the purposes of collecting council tax Further Comments on Housing variables (group SA1) SA 1001V Number of conventional dwellings: Conventional dwellings excludes communal residential establishments such as residential schools, universities and hostels. SA1007V SA1008V SA1012V Number of households living in houses Number of households living in apartments Households in social housing Social Housing consists of: housing owned or leased by registered social landlords; housing owned by local authorities; other housing owned by public sector bodies. SA1013V Households in private rented housing. Private landlords do not have to register as such, and no figures are available for, or. SA1048V Number of dwellings that are authorised Figures are the same as submitted for SA1001V, as the number of unauthorised dwellings (i.e. dwellings that have not received planning permission) is believed to be negligible. Page 19 of 106

20 Housing Stock data supplied by LAs SA1007V SA1008V SA1022V SA1026V Number of households living in houses Number of households living in apartments Average area of living accommodation (m2 per person) Non-conventional dwellings Partial data Partial data Metadata for SA1022V to SA1026V Supplied by individual local authorities Type of Local authority planning, research or statistics departments Deviation from ES No information Nature of Data Figures are from local surveys carried out by local authority research or statistics departments. Type of Statistic Should be regarded as estimates. Reference period 2008 Page 20 of 106

21 Property Prices SA1016V Average Price of Apartment Per m2 - SA1023V Average Price of House Per m2 - Metadata for whole of UK Type of Deviation from ES Nature of Data Nationwide Building Society plc Building Society Complies with ES Figures are based on mortgage customers of the Nationwide Building Society, and are calculated from their mortgage approvals. The figures are calculated by aggregating the price per square metre for each property in the city concerned for which the Nationwide provided a mortgage in 2008, and then calculating an average (mean). Type of Statistic Reference period Estimate Average for 2008 calendar year. Comments Figures are based on the customers of one UK-wide mortgage supplier only, hence may not be a fully representative sample, depending on the frequency distribution of customers of that mortgage supplier. Therefore these figures should be regarded as approximations. Where sample sizes were small, data have not been provided hence figures are not available for some cities. The exchange rate from Sterling to Euros used was 1 = : an average rate for Page 21 of 106

22 Other Housing Variables SA1027V Number of roofless persons Not available for any part of UK SA1029V SA1030V Number of people in accommodation for the homeless Number of people in accommodation for immigrants Not available for any part of UK Not available for any part of UK SA1031V Number of people in Women's Shelter Not available for any part of UK SA1046V Number of overcrowded households (>1 persons in 1 room) Not available for any part of UK SA1049V Average annual rent for housing per m2 Not available for any part of UK Comments on unavailable variables SA1027V SA1029V Number of roofless persons Number of people in accommodation for the homeless Information on homelessness counts homeless households and does not count individual homeless people. Hence data for these two variables are not available. SA1030V Number of people in accommodation for immigrants The concept of accommodation specifically for immigrants has hitherto not generally been recognised in the compilation of UK statistics. Immigrants have traditionally found accommodation in a range of settings, reflecting the accommodation available to the wider population. At the time of writing this report, work is in progress to extend the Labour Force Survey to cover all communal establishments. This should serve in future to identify hostels set up specifically to accommodate immigrants. These hostels are believed to be largely in the agricultural sector, in rural areas, and to accommodate immigrants from other European Union countries. SA1031V Number of people in Women's Shelters Data are collected on the number of people in women s shelters, however at city level this can involve small numbers and could be disclosive. Therefore figures are not published. SA1046V Number of overcrowded households (>1 persons in 1 room) This information is not available. SA1049V Average annual rent for housing per m2 This information is not is not available. Page 22 of 106

23 Births and infant mortality SA2004V Infant Mortality per year SA2005V Male Infant Mortality per year SA2006V Female Infant Mortality per year SA2007V Number of live births per year SA2008V Number of live births per year (Male) SA2009V Number of live births per year (Female) Metadata for and ONS, Vital statistics Output Branch Type of Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES Figures provided for deaths of infants exclude deaths of children aged under 1 week who were born alive. Nature of Data Figures are from registers or births and deaths. Type of statistic Enumerated data. Reference period Calendar year 2008 ( ) Additional comments Figures for infant mortality by gender have had disclosure control applied as very small numbers are involved at this level of geography. Figures for the City of London are very small (because it has a very small resident population) and are not published separately as they could be disclosive. They have been combined with those for the London borough of Hackney. Metadata for Live births only Statistics & Research Agency (NISRA) Type of Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES Nature of Data Return from local registrars Type of statistic Registers Reference period Calendar year 2008 Page 23 of 106

24 Supplied from Registrar General Annual Report 2008, Section 3, Births, Table 3.7 Live Births by Administrative Area, NISRA. Birth figures have been compiled from returns to local registrars. For further information please see: Metadata for Live births only General Register Office for (GRO-S) Type of Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES Nature of Data Return from local registrars Type of statistic Registers Reference period Calendar year 2008 For further information please see the General Register Office for website: Vital Events Reference tables Adult Mortality SA2013V SA2014V SA2015V Number of deaths per year < 65 due to diseases of the circulatory or respiratory systems Number of deaths per year < 65 due to diseases of the circulatory or respiratory systems (Male) Number of deaths per year < 65 due to diseases of the circulatory or respiratory systems (Female) SA2016V Total deaths under 65 per year SA2017V Total deaths under 65 per year (Male) SA2018V Total deaths under 65 per year (Female) SA2019V Total deaths per year SA2020V Total deaths per year (Male) SA2021V Total deaths per year (Female) SA2029V Number of deaths per year due to suicide Page 24 of 106

25 Metadata for ONS, Vital statistics Output Branch Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES None Nature of Data Figures are from registers of births and deaths. Type of statistic Enumerated. Reference period Calendar year 2008 ( ) Metadata for Health Statistics and Analysis Unit Welsh Assembly Government Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES None Nature of Data Figures are from registers of births and deaths. Type of statistic Enumerated. Reference period Calendar year 2008 ( ) Metadata for General Register Office for (GRO-S) Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES None Nature of Data Figures are from registers of births and deaths. Type of statistic Enumerated. Reference period Calendar year Comments Data for deaths by cause under 65 are not available for or. Page 25 of 106

26 Provision of Health Care Background Note on UK health care system Public health care throughout the UK is organised through the National Health Service (NHS). Most NHS care (apart from dental treatment) is free to UK residents. Hence a distinction can be drawn between NHS care and private sector care. The latter is not part of the NHGS system and patients pay for treatment. The majority of care is provided by the NHS Health care is a devolved policy area and is the responsibility of the administrations of the four countries. This means that there are variations in the way that NHS provision is organised and managed between the four countries. For this reason some of the following health care statistics are presented separately for each country. Note that all data refers to NHS provision. Official statistics do not in general cover private healthcare (i.e. independent doctors or hospitals, which charge patients for their services). The majority of health care in the UK is provided by the NHS. In, organisation of NHS activity is divided into Primary Care Trusts (that commission treatment ) and other types of healthcare trusts (that provide treatment). The patient s route of access to services is normally through their general practitioner, who is normally employed by a primary care trust. Where patients need hospital treatment it is policy to give patients a choice of hospitals where possible, so a patient is not necessarily treated at the hospital closest to where they live, or even a hospital in the same town or city. In other parts of the UK the configuration of NHS healthcare organisations is slightly different, and the terminology is different in each country. Again, the principle that patients are not necessarily treated in the hospital closest to where they live applies. Hospital Beds SA2022V Number of hospital beds Not available for any part of UK Comments The geographical units by which the NHS is organised vary in the four countries, but do not, in general, match local authority boundaries. There are also variations in the way in which a patient in need of in-patient treatment is allocated to a hospital. It is not necessarily the case that a patient will be treated in a hospital closest to where they live, for a number of reasons. In it is current policy to give non-emergency patients a choice of hospitals within their region. For this reason, the number of hospital beds that are located within a city would not necessarily be an accurate measure of healthcare provision available to residents of the city, and would not allow comparisons between cities on a consistent basis. Figures for numbers of hospitals beds are only published by health geographies, and are not available to local authority boundaries. The NHS is the majority provider, although there are also private sector hospitals that are not part of the NHS. Page 26 of 106

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28 Discharges from Hospital SA2026V Number of hospital discharges of in-patients SA2026V: Metadata for Type of supplier Deviation from ES Nature of Data The Information Centre for Health & Social Care Official statistics organisation Discharge criteria are in line with ES. Data are residence based. (See below) Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) a database that records all in-patient episodes in the NHS in. Type of statistic From a register Reference period Calendar year 2008 Comments Data are residence based, meaning that they count discharge episodes of residents of the city who were discharged from an NHS hospital anywhere in. Does not include residents of cities in who were discharged from hospitals elsewhere in UK. Data represent discharges from NHS hospitals and patients in private hospitals where the treatment was commissioned by the NHS. Does not include day patients. SA2026V: Metadata for NISRA Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES Includes inpatient discharges from acute specialities only Nature of Data NHS patient records. Type of statistic From a register Reference period 2008 Page 28 of 106

29 Doctors SA2027V Number of practising physicians Not available for any part of UK Comments For previous audits the data sent has deviated from the ES, being just General Practitioner (GP) figures. As there is now a separate category for GPs ( SA2030V), data has not been submitted for this variable. Page 29 of 106

30 Dentists In the UK, dentists may be in private practice, or may provide services through the NHS. SA2028V Number of practising dentists Comments for Data was not available for the correct spatial areas, only being produced at Strategic Health Authority (SHA) and Primary Care Trust (PCT) level, which do not equate to Urban Audit boundaries. SA2028V: Metadata for NISRA Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES No information provided Nature of Data From NHS administrative records Type of statistic Register based Reference period 2008 SA2028V: Metadata for NHS National Services. Type of supplier Official health care provider Deviation from ES In line with ES, however excludes dentists that are completely private and do no work for the NHS. Nature of Data Derived from administrative records Type of statistic Register- based Reference period As at 31 st March 2009 Comments for Number of dentists per local authority area as at 30th March Data is comprised of NHS non-salaried and salaried general dental practitioners, based on location of dental practice. NHS Dentists can enter into more than one arrangement with an NHS Board depending on their practice(s). This can result in the sum of the number of dentists in each Local Authority exceeding the total amount of dentists in. Page 30 of 106

31 Crime SA3001V Total number of recorded crimes within city [country for national data] SA3001V Metadata for Type of Deviation from ES Scottish Government, Justice Analytical Services Division Government department The Scottish legal system makes a distinction between crimes and offences. See list below. The data supplied here refer to those incidents classified as crimes in the Scottish legal system. The figures do not include crimes or offences committed on public transport (which are responsibility of British Transport Police) nor those which were dealt with by Ministry of Defence Police or the Civil Nuclear Constabulary. There were in total, 2,294 crimes and 4,680 offences recorded by the British Transport Police, Ministry of Defence and UK Civil Nuclear Constabulary (previously known as the UK Atomic Energy Authority) in 2008/09 in the whole of. The figures included in the motor vehicle offences group do not include stationary motor vehicle offences dealt with by the issue of a fixed penalty ticket (some 93,522 offences, mostly parking and waiting offences, or failure to display a valid excise licence) Nature of Data All crimes recorded by Police Forces, with the exceptions noted above. Type of Statistic From Register Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2008 to 31 March 2009 Comments There is a separate legal system in to those in, and in and. Data are published by financial years and are not available for calendar years. The classification of crimes and offences used by the Scottish Government for criminal statistics contains approximately 350 codes. The detailed offence information contained on the warrants on the Prisoner Records System is mapped to the relevant classification code using the following groupings: Non-Sexual Crimes Of Violence Serious Assault etc. (Also referred to as Violence) Includes murder and culpable homicide (including the statutory crime of causing death by dangerous driving or causing death by careless driving while under the influence of drink or drugs). Furthermore, an assault is classified as serious if the victim sustained an injury resulting in detention in Page 31 of 106

32 Robbery Other hospital as an in-patient or any of the following injuries whether or not he was detained in hospital: fractures, internal injuries, severe concussion, loss of consciousness, lacerations requiring sutures which may lead to impairment or disfigurement or any other injury which may lead to impairment or disfigurement. Includes offences involving intent to rob Includes threats, extortion and cruel and unnatural treatment of children Crimes of indecency Rape and Attempted rape Indecent assault Lewd and indecent behaviour (Previously titled Lewd and libidinous practices ) Other Crimes Involving Dishonesty Housebreaking Theft by opening a lockfast place (OLP) Theft from a motor vehicle by (OLP) Theft of motor vehicle Shoplifting Other theft Fraud Other Fire-raising, Vandalism etc Fire-raising Vandalism Other crimes Crimes against public justice Handling offensive weapons Drugs Other (Also referred to as Indecency) Comprises rape and assault with attempt to rape Comprises lewd and libidinous practices against children and indecent exposure Includes offences connected with prostitution Also referred to as Dishonesty Includes business as well as domestic premises Includes theft of pedal cycles Includes statutory fraud Includes forgery, reset and embezzlement Includes malicious mischief, vandalism and reckless conduct with firearms Includes perjury, resisting arrest, bail offences (other than absconding or reoffending) and wasting police time Comprises carrying offensive weapons, restriction of offensive weapons legislation. Includes importation, possession and supply of controlled drugs. Includes conspiracy and explosives offences. The following incidents are classified as offences in the Scottish legal system: Page 32 of 106

33 Miscellaneous Offences Minor assault Breach of the peace Drunkenness Other Motor Vehicle Offences Dangerous and careless driving Drunk driving Speeding Unlawful use of vehicle Vehicle defect offences Includes offences against local legislation, offences involving animals/plants, offences against liquor licensing laws and offences against environmental legislation. Prior to 1992 this was known as "reckless and careless driving" Comprises driving or in charge of motor vehicle while unfit through drink or drugs, blood alcohol content above limit and failing to provide breath, blood or urine specimens. Comprises driving while disqualified, without a licence, insurance, test certificate, vehicle tax and registration and identification offences. Comprises construction and use and lighting offences. SA3001V Metadata for Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) Type of supplier Government statistics organisation Deviation from ES Recorded Crime figures (sometimes referred to as notifiable offences) detail those crimes and offences (including attempts) recorded by the police which are deemed to be indictable or triable-either-way. Certain closely associated summary offences are also counted in the recorded crime figures. Nature of Data All crimes recorded by Police Forces, with the exceptions noted above. Includes crimes on public transport. Type of Statistic From Register (Police Records). Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2008 to 31 March Further Comments on data from Data are published by financial years and are not available for calendar years. Crime statistics for are collated by the Police Service of (PSNI) in accordance with the National Crime Recording Standard, and are therefore comparable with those produced by the Home Office or by individual police forces in and. They are not necessarily compatible with data from because of al differences. For more information about of crimes see: Page 33 of 106

34 SA3001V: Not available for and Total Crime Statistics for and are published according to the boundaries of Police forces. These are not co-terminous with local authority areas, and so data cannot be provided to the local authority boundaries required by Urban Audit. As the incidence of crime is not evenly spread throughout a region and often shows a strong pattern of localised variation, simple re-apportionment to local authority boundaries using population figures as a proxy would not be a suitable methodology. Page 34 of 106

35 Homicides SA3005V Number of murders and violent deaths SA3005V Metadata for and Home Office Statistics Branch Type of supplier Government Department Deviation from ES In line with ES. Nature of Data As recorded by Police Forces in and Type of Statistic From Register. Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2008 to 31 March 2009 Comments These figures are published according to Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships (CDRPs) and can be matched to LA boundaries. Excludes offences recorded by the British Transport Police. SA3005V Metadata for Type of supplier Deviation from ES Scottish Government Justice Department Government Department In line with ES. Nature of Data Homicides as recorded by Police Forces in Type of Statistic From Register. Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2008 to 31 March 2009 Comments SA3005V Metadata for NISRA Type of supplier Official Statistics Organisation Deviation from ES In line with ES. Nature of Data As recorded by Police Forces in Type of Statistic From Register. Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2008 to 31 March 2009 Comments Relates to murder, manslaughter and infanticide Page 35 of 106

36 Thefts and Burglary SA3006V Number of thefts of cars SA3007V Number of domestic burglaries Metadata for and Type of supplier Deviation from ES Home Office Statistics Branch Government Department In line with ES. Nature of Data As recorded by Police Forces in and Type of Statistic From Register. Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2008 to 31 March 2009 ( ) Comments These figures are published according to Crime Reduction Partnerships (CDRPs) and can be matched to LA boundaries. Metadata for Scottish Government Justice Department Type of supplier Government Department Deviation from ES In line with ES. Nature of Data As recorded by Police Forces in Type of Statistic From Register. Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2008 to 31 March 2009 Metadata for NISRA Type of supplier Official Statistics Organisation Deviation from ES In line with ES. Nature of Data As recorded by Police Forces in Type of Statistic From Register. Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2008 to 31 March 2009 Page 36 of 106

37 Victims of Crime SA3008V Incidence rate of victimisation (survey based) Not available for any part of UK Page 37 of 106

38 Economic Aspects (EC) Labour Market (EC1) EC1001V Total Economically Active Population EC1002V Male Economically Active Population EC1003V Female Economically Active Population EC1010V Residents Unemployed EC1011V Male Residents Unemployed EC1012V Female Residents Unemployed EC1025V Residents in Self-employment EC1026V Male residents in Self-employment EC1027V Female residents in Self-employment EC1028V Residents in Paid Employment EC1029V Male residents in Paid Employment EC1030V Female residents in Paid Employment EC1034V Total Full-time Employment EC1035V Male Full-time Employment EC1036V Female Full-time Employment EC1088V Total Part-time Employment EC1089V Male Part-time Employment EC1090V Female Part-time Employment EC1142V Total Economically Active Population EC1143V Male Economically Active Population EC1144V Female Economically Active Population EC1145V Total Economically Active Population EC1146V Male Economically Active Population EC1147V Female Economically Active Population EC1148V Residents Unemployed EC1149V Male Residents Unemployed EC1150V Female Residents Unemployed EC1151V Residents Unemployed EC1152V Male Residents Unemployed EC1153V Female Residents Unemployed EC1154V EC1155V EC1156V EC1157V Unemployed continuously for more than six months, Male unemployed continuously for more than six months, Female unemployed continuously for more than six months, Unemployed continuously for more than one year, Page 38 of 106