Urban Audit 3 Final Country Report: United Kingdom

Transcription

1 Urban Audit 3 Final Country Report: United Kingdom Version 1.0, 2 May 2008 Page 1 of 124

2 Table of contents Overview...4 Description of the Work... 4 Comparison with UA How London fits in to Urban Audit... 7 The four countries of the UK... 8 Changes in delineation of Geographies since UAII Missing Data... 8 Demography Variables...9 Population (DE1)... 9 Nationality (DE2) Household Structure (DE3) Moves into and out of city Social Aspects (SA)...16 Housing (SA1) Housing Stock supplied by LAs Property Prices Other Housing Variables Births and infant mortality Adult Mortality Provision of Health Care...24 Background Note on UK health care system Hospital Beds Discharges from Hospital Doctors Dentists Crime...32 Homicides Thefts and Burglary Victims of Crime Economic Aspects (EC)...39 Labour Market (EC1) Economic Activity (EC2) Number of companies Companies quoted on Stock Exchange New Businesses Companies going into Liquidation Employment According to Industrial Sector Total Number of Employees Income Disparities and Poverty (EC3) Reliance on Social Security Benefits Civic Involvement...54 Elections and electorates Municipal Income and Expenditure Early Years Education Students in Secondary School Students in Upper and Further Education Students in Higher Education Qualifications of Population Weather Air pollution Noise Pollution: locally collected variables Page 2 of 124

3 Water connection and consumption: locally collected variables Water supply from water companies and agencies Waste Water Treatment Solid Waste disposal Land Use Land Area Land used for housing Green Space Area Water and Wetland Agricultural Land Land Used for Transport Commuting Number of Cars Road Deaths Road Accidents Public Transport Provision Information Society...97 City Websites Employment in ICT Sector Meta for Culture and recreation Cinemas Employment in the Culture and Entertainment Sector Airport Facilities Tourist Accommodation : Great Britain Tourist Stays : Appendix Coverage of variables at each spatial level (UK, city, LUZ, SCD) Page 3 of 124

4 Overview Description of the Work. The aim of Urban Audit is to provide comparable benchmark about European cities; that could be used to inform policy-making, both at a local level (as city authorities can compare themselves with cities within their own country or with comparable cities across Europe) and at a national and European level to study the situation of urban areas as a whole. This is particularly relevant for informing the implementation of urban policies such as the European Structural funds, now into the programming period Comparison with UA2 A full collection known as Urban Audit II was mounted in 2003/04. This collected 333 variables, where available, from 258 European cities in 27 countries. In the UK this covered 24 cities and the 33 London Boroughs. Most UK related to For Urban Audit III the number of European cities involved has expanded to 299, including 6 new cities in the UK. The total number of variables requested for Urban Audit III is 338, and the preferred year of in most cases is Additionally 53 variables are being collected for cities not covered by the main Urban Audit III exercise. This is known as the Large City Audit, and in the UK covers 76 cities. These are, in the main, available from central sources. With the inclusion of these cities, all districts or unitary authorities in the UK with a population of over 100,000 are now covered. Page 4 of 124

5 Spatial Levels used in Urban Audit III Urban Audit are organised into four spatial levels: The National Level. this means at the level of the UK. Responsibility for various government policy areas is devolved to the constituent countries of the UK, and as a result some statistics are produced separately. This is covered more fully below. The City Level in the case of the UK, this refers to local authority districts or unitary authorities as a whole, based on the relevant administrative boundaries. The Larger Urban Zone or LUZ this encapsulates the functional urban region, defined as an area from which a significant share of residents commute into the city. For the UK they are built up from LAU1 (Local Authority District) spatial units; exceptions are Derry, Stevenage, Gravesham, which do not have a LUZ, and Lincoln, which has a LUZ built up of LAU2 units (wards). Leeds and Bradford share a single LUZ. Stevenage and Gravesham are included within the London LUZ as well as being Urban Audit cities on their own account. The sub-city district or SCD to analyse disparities within cities, Urban Audit cities have been divided into sub-city districts. To ensure compatibility between cities and countries, each SCD has a population between 5,000 and 40,000. For the UK they are built up from LAU2 spatial units (wards). Coverage of each variable according to these spatial categories is tabulated at Appendix 1 Page 5 of 124

6 Location and spatial coverage of Urban Audit III Cities in the UK UA Code Name With Larger Urban Zone? UK001C London Yes see below UK002C Birmingham Yes UK003C Leeds Yes shared with Bradford UK005C Bradford Yes shared with Leeds UK006C Liverpool Yes UK008C Manchester Yes UK010C Sheffield Yes UK011C Bristol Yes UK013C Newcastle-upon-Tyne Yes UK014C Leicester Yes UK017C Cambridge Yes UK018C Exeter Yes UK019C Lincoln Yes UK020C Gravesham No part of London LUZ UK021C Stevenage No part of London LUZ UK023C Portsmouth Yes UK024C Worcester Yes UK025C Coventry Yes UK026C Kingston-upon-Hull Yes UK027C Stoke-on-Trent Yes UK028C Wolverhampton Yes UK029C Nottingham Yes UK030C Wirral Yes UK012C Belfast Yes UK015C Derry City No UK004C Glasgow Yes UK007C Edinburgh Yes UK016C Aberdeen Yes UK009C Cardiff Yes UK022C Wrexham Yes Page 6 of 124

7 How London fits in to Urban Audit Greater London consists of 32 London Boroughs and the City of London, administrative districts at the LAU 1 level. These have been treated as cities for Urban Audit purposes. An inner core of 13 boroughs and the City of London has been designated as Inner London. Greater London corresponds with the London NUTS1 region, using Eurostat s NUTS classification. UA Code London Borough Inner London UK001D01 UK001D02 UK001D03 UK001D04 UK001D05 UK001D06 UK001D07 UK001D08 UK001D09 UK001D10 UK001D11 UK001D12 UK001D13 UK001D33 Outer London UK001D14 UK001D15 UK001D16 UK001D17 UK001D18 UK001D19 UK001D20 UK001D21 UK001D22 UK001D23 UK001D24 UK001D25 UK001D26 UK001D27 UK001D28 UK001D29 UK001D30 UK001D31 UK001D32 Camden City of London Hackney Hammersmith and Fulham Haringey Islington Kensington and Chelsea Lambeth Lewisham Newham Southwark Tower Hamlets Westminster Wandsworth Barking and Dagenham Barnet Bexley Brent Bromley Croydon Ealing Enfield Greenwich Harrow Havering Hillingdon Hounslow Kingston upon Thames Merton Redbridge Richmond upon Thames Sutton Waltham Forest Page 7 of 124

8 The four countries of the UK The United Kingdom consists of four nations:,,, and., and have elected administrations known as the Executive, the Scottish Government and the Welsh Assembly Government respectively. Responsibility for a number of policy areas is devolved. The main policy areas which are devolved are health, education, social care, the environment, agriculture and transport. In there is also a separate legal and criminal justice system. As a result of this system of governance of the UK, statistical covering many of the devolved policy areas are published separately by the statistical offices of the respective administrations. Where policies differ (for example in the area of health care), statistics are sometimes collected and published according to different definitions, and may not be comparable throughout the UK. Additionally there are a number of instances where are available for one or more countries of the UK, but not for all of them, because it is not collected by all of them. In the discussion of individual variables that follows, availability according to country has been shown against each variable. Changes in delineation of Geographies since UAII. There were no changes to UK statistical geographies that would affect Urban Audit between the UA2 and UA3 projects. Missing Data Data are missing for a number of reasons. The main reason is that they have not been systematically collected by any organisation. In some cases are partly available, because they have been collected in locally- or regionally-sponsored surveys or research projects. This is typical for tourist accommodation. In a few cases the only that were available were thought to be of insufficient quality to be used for Urban Audit purposes. In a small number of cases the available contains extremely small numbers and publication is routinely suppressed to prevent disclosure. Reasons for missing are provided in the meta. Page 8 of 124

9 Demography Variables Population (DE1) Variable Title National Coverage DE1001V Total Resident Population DE1002V Male Resident Population DE1003V Female Resident Population DE1025V Total Resident Population DE1026V Male Resident Population DE1027V Female Resident Population DE1028V Total Resident Population DE1029V Male Resident Population DE1030V Female Resident Population DE1040V Total Resident Population 0-4 DE1041V Male Resident Population 0-4 DE1042V Female Resident Population 0-4 DE1043V Total Resident Population 5-14 DE1044V Male Resident Population 5-14 DE1045V Female Resident Population 5-14 DE1046V Total Resident Population DE1047V Male Resident Population DE1048V Female Resident Population DE1049V Total Resident Population DE1050V Male Resident Population DE1051V Female Resident Population DE1052V Total Resident Population DE1053V Male Resident Population DE1054V Female Resident Population DE1055V Total Resident Population 75 and over DE1056V Male Resident Population 75 and over DE1057V Female Resident Population 75 and over DE1058V Total Resident Population DE1059V Male Resident Population DE1060V Female Resident Population DE1061V Total Resident Population DE1062V Male Resident Population DE1063V Female Resident Population DE1064V Total Resident Population DE1065V Male Resident Population DE1066V Female Resident Population DE1067V Total Resident Population 0-2 DE1068V Male Resident Population 0-2 DE1069V Female Resident Population 0-2 DE1070V Total Resident Population 3-4 DE1071V Male Resident Population 3-4 DE1072V Female Resident Population 3-4 Page 9 of 124

10 Meta for whole of UK,, : Office for National Statistics (ONS). : Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) Type of Official statistical organisations Deviation from Not 1 st January estimates. These are mid-year estimates at 30 June. Eurostat definition Nature of Data used in estimating population include birth and death registers and estimated in- and out- migration. Type of Statistic Estimated Reference period Snapshots at 30 June 2002 and at 30 June 2003 for DE 1001V. Snapshot at 30 June 2004 and for all other DE variables. Additional Information: Mid - year estimates are calculated by rolling forward ( ageing on ) the population from the previous mid-year estimate, using a cohort component method and adding births and removing deaths. An adjustment is made for migration (in and out). Adjustments are made for some specific population groups that are not captured by population estimates. Mid year estimates are rebased following the decennial Census, and estimates are revised for the intercensal years. In 2007, mid year estimates for the calendar years 2002 to 2005 were revised with the implementation of improved estimation methods for migration at local level. Full details of this methodology are described at: Data are rounded to the nearest 100. Methodology used by NISRA is the same as that used by ONS. Additional reference years 2002 and 2003 were requested by Eurostat for DE 1001V. Page 10 of 124

11 Nationality (DE2) DE2001V Residents who are Nationals Not available for any part of UK DE2002V Residents who are Nationals of other EU Member State Not available for any part of UK DE2003V Residents who are not EU Nationals Not available for any part of UK DE2004V Nationals born abroad Not available for any part of UK DE2005V Residents who are not EU Nationals and citizens of a country with high HDI Not available for any part of UK DE2006V Residents who are not EU Nationals and citizens of a country with a medium or low HDI Not available for any part of UK Additional Information: In the United Kingdom records of a resident s nationality are not routinely collected or maintained. Nationality is not recorded in the ten- yearly census, as preference is given to asking respondents to provide their ethnic origin, which is self-defined. A question on nationality is included in the Annual Population Survey (APS). However this is a sample survey and the results are not reliable at the LAU1 (local authority) geographical level, and are therefore not suitable for Urban Audit purposes. Page 11 of 124

12 Household Structure (DE3) Total Number of Households (excluding institutional DE3001V households) DE3002V DE3005V DE3008V DE3009V DE3010V One person households Lone parent households (with children aged 0 to under 18) Lone pensioner (above retirement age) households Total Lone pensioner (above retirement age) households Male Lone pensioner (above retirement age) households Female DE3011V Households with children aged 0 to under 18 Total Resident Population living in households DE3017V (excluding institutional households) UK level figures (only) are from 'Focus on Families' 2005 tables downloaded from NS website: Meta for Department for Communities and Local Government (CLG) Type of supplier Government Department Deviation from ES Not 1 st January estimates. These estimates are based on the household definition dwelling concept. Lone pensioners includes people who were unemployed or unable to work due to illness or disability prior to retirement. Pensioners includes people who continue to work after reaching retirement age. Nature of Data Estimated using mid year population estimates. Type of Statistic Estimated Reference period Snapshot at 30 June Definition of a household In the Census, for the household projections, and for mid-year estimates a household is defined as: One person living alone, or A group of people living at the same address who share common housekeeping or a living room. Estimates and projections of the number of households The household figures for are derived by Communities and Local Government from the 2004 based household projection and estimation model using population figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS). Up to 2004 they are derived using the ONS mid-year population estimates. Page 12 of 124

13 The ONS population figures are split by marital status using the Government Actuary's Department marital status projections, and an estimate of the institutional household population is subtracted from the total population to give the private household population. These population figures, split by age, sex and marital status, are multiplied by estimated or projected 'household representative rates' that represent the estimated or projected proportion of the population in that category who are household representatives. These rates are based on the 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001 censuses and Labour Force Survey. A more detailed description of the projection methodology Communities and Local Government household projections: Methodology and s of Data are available at Communities and Local Government 2003 based household projections: Methodology and s of Data See ouseholdestimates/notesdefinitions/ Meta for NISRA Type of supplier Official statistical organisation Deviation from ES Not 1 st January estimates. These estimates are based on the definition housekeeping unit concept. Lone pensioners includes people who were unemployed or unable to work due to illness or disability prior to retirement. Pensioners includes people who continue to work after reaching retirement age. Nature of Data From Family Resources Survey (FRS) Type of Statistic Survey-based estimates Reference period 2004/5 Financial year Further Comments Data for are from the NI Family Resources Survey (sample size of about 1,900) Data are consistent with the household dwelling concept provided by Eurostat in the Urban Audit Glossary. More details of methodology are available at: Meta for General Register Office for (GROS). Type of supplier Government department Deviation from ES Not 1 st January estimates. These estimates are based on the definition housekeeping unit concept. These figures show the number of households containing just one adult, aged 60+ for female pensioners and 65+ for male pensioners. Information is not available for any part of UK from this source on whether they have ever worked, or what their source of income is - the definition is just based on age. So everyone of that age will be included, regardless of whether they are still working, or have ever worked in the past. Nature of Data Projection based on recent Censuses. Type of Statistic Estimated. Reference period Snapshot at 30 June 2004 Page 13 of 124

14 Further Comments The methodology used is similar to that used in. These figures are based on household projections, using trends in household formation between the 1991 and 2001 Censuses. They use the 'housekeeping unit' definition of a household, rather than the 'household-dwelling' definition which is recommended in the UA3 Glossary. However, the difference is only equivalent to around 670 households across the whole of. Data for Data for are not available at LAU1 level. UK totals Estimated UK totals have been provided for DE3001V and DE3005V from Focus on Families published by ONS. See: Page 14 of 124

15 Moves into and out of city DE3012V DE3013V DE3014V Nationals that have moved into the city during the last two years EU Nationals that have moved into the city during the last two years (stock) Non-EU Nationals that have moved into the city during the last two years (stock) Not available for any part of UK Not available for any part of UK Not available for any part of UK Additional Information: In the United Kingdom records of a resident s nationality are not routinely collected or maintained. Nationality is not recorded in the ten- yearly census, as preference is given to asking respondents to provide their ethnic origin, which is self-defined. DE3015V DE3016V Number of "moves" into the city during the last two years (flow) Number of "moves" out of the city during the last two years (flow) Not available Not available Meta ONS Type of supplier Official statistical organisation Deviation from ES No record is available of nationality of people counted. definition Nature of Data LA estimates are derived from the combination of National Health Service Central Register (NHSCR) and patient register. Type of Statistic From a register Reference period 1 July 2003 to 30 June 2004 Comments People not yet registered with the National Health Service (which may include new migrants from abroad) are not counted. A further bias arises from the fact that some mobile social groups (such as students) tend to be slow in changing their registration with a doctor, or do not register with a doctor at their new place of residence. Therefore these figures should be regarded with some caution as some figures may be be under-counts. At the time of writing, ONS has a migration and population statistics task force underway. One of the objectives to investigate ways of increasing the accuracy of migration statistics. Page 15 of 124

16 Social Aspects (SA) Housing (SA1) SA1001V Number of conventional dwellings SA1004V Number of houses Not available for any part of UK SA1005V Number of apartments Not available for any part of UK SA1011V Households owning their own dwelling SA1012V Households in social housing SA1013V Households in private rented housing SA1025V Empty conventional dwellings SA1048V Number of dwellings that is authorised Meta for Department for Communities and Local Government Type of Government department Deviation from ES A dwelling is defined as a self-contained unit of accommodation. Self definition containment is where all the rooms (including kitchen, bathroom and toilet) in a household s accommodation are behind a door which only that household can use. Non-self contained household spaces at the same address should be counted together as a single dwelling. Therefore a dwelling can consist of one self-contained household space or two or more non-self-contained household spaces at the same address. (See reference below). This definition varies from that given by Eurostat, which assumes that a dwelling and a household are the same. Nature of Data Data from the CLG Housing Strategy Statistical Appendix for Based on information submitted to CLG by English local authorities Type of Statistic Full counts or estimates provided by local authorities. Reference period Snapshot at 1 April Reference 1 CLG Guidance Notes on the completion of the Housing Strategy Statistical Appendix: Page 16 of 124

17 Meta for NISRA Type of supplier Official statistical organisation Deviation from ES definition Not 1 st January estimates. These estimates are based on the household dwelling concept. Nature of Data From Family Resources Survey (FRS) Type of Statistic Survey-based estimates Reference period 2004/5 Financial year Further Comments on NI Data for are from the NI Family Resources Survey (sample size of about 1,900) Data are consistent with the household dwelling concept provided by Eurostat in the Urban Audit Glossary. More details of methodology are available at: Meta for General Register Office for (GRO-S). Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES The number of vacant dwellings includes second homes/holiday homes definition and self-catering accommodation available for let for less than a total of 140 days per year (i.e. potentially vacant for at least 265 days or 8.5 months). Nature of Data Estimated using projections based on previous Censuses. Type of Statistic These figures are modelled projections, using trends in household formation in between the 1991 and 2001 Censuses. Reference period Snapshot at September Data for Data for are not available at LAU1 level. Further Comments on Housing variables (group SA1) SA 1001V Number of conventional dwellings: Conventional dwellings excludes communal residential establishments such as residential schools, universities and hostels. SA1004V SA1005V SA1007V SA1008V Number of houses Number of apartments Number of households living in houses Number of households living in apartments No distinction is made between flats (apartments) and houses in the available centrally collected sets. Some for SA 1007V and SA1008V have been obtained directly form local authorities (see below). Page 17 of 124

18 SA1012V Households in social housing Social Housing consists of: housing owned or leased by registered social landlords; housing owned by local authorities; other housing owned by public sector bodies. SA1013V Households in private rented housing. Private landlords do not have to register as such, and no figures are available for, or. SA 1048V Number of dwellings that are authorised Figures are the same as submitted for SA 1001V, as the number of unauthorised dwellings (i.e. dwellings that have not received planning permission) is believed to be negligible. Page 18 of 124

19 Housing Stock supplied by LAs SA1007V SA1008V SA1022V SA1026V Number of households living in houses Number of households living in apartments Average area of living accommodation (m2 per person) Non-conventional dwellings Meta for SA1007V to SA 1026V Supplied by individual local authorities Type of Local authority planning, research or statistics departments Deviation from ES No information definition Nature of Data Figures are from local surveys carried out by local authority research or statistics departments. Type of Statistic Should be regarded as estimates. Reference period Mainly 2004, a few refer to Page 19 of 124

20 Property Prices SA1016V Average Price of Apartment Per m2 - SA1023V Average Price of House Per m2 - Meta for whole of UK Nationwide Building Society plc Type of Bank Deviation from ES Complies with ES definition definition Nature of Data Figures are based on mortgage customers of Nationwide Building Society, and are calculated from their mortgage approvals. The figures are calculated by aggregating the price per square metre for each property in the city concerned for which the Nationwide provided a mortgage in 2004, and then calculating an average (mean). Type of Statistic Reference period Estimate Average for 2004 calendar year. Comments Figures are based on the customers of one UK-wide mortgage supplier only, hence may not be a fully representative sample, depending on the frequency distribution of customers of that mortgage supplier. Therefore these figures should be regarded as approximations. Where sample sizes were small, have not been provided hence figures are not available for some cities. The exchange rate from Sterling to Euros used was 1 = : an average rate for Page 20 of 124

21 Other Housing Variables SA1026V Non-conventional dwellings Not available for any part of UK SA1027V Number of roofless persons Not available for any part of UK SA1029V SA1030V Number of people in accommodation for the homeless Number of people in accommodation for immigrants Not available for any part of UK Not available for any part of UK SA1031V Number of people in Women's Shelter Not available for any part of UK SA1046V Number of overcrowded households (>1 persons in 1 room) Not available for any part of UK SA1049V Average annual rent for housing per m2 Not available for any part of UK Comments on unavailable variables SA1026V Non-conventional dwellings This information is not routinely collected. SA1027V SA1029V Number of roofless persons Number of people in accommodation for the homeless Information on homelessness counts homeless households and does not count individual homeless people. Hence for these two variables are not available. SA1030V Number of people in accommodation for immigrants. The concept of accommodation specifically for immigrants has hitherto not generally been recognised in the compilation of UK statistics. Immigrants have traditionally found accommodation in a range of settings, reflecting the accommodation available to the wider population. At the time of writing this report, work is in progress to extend the Labour Force Survey to cover all communal establishments. This should serve in future to identify hostels set up specifically to accommodate immigrants. These hostels are believed to be largely in the agricultural sector, in rural areas, and to accommodate immigrants from other European Union countries. SA1031V Number of people in Women's Shelters Data are collected on the number of people in women s shelters, however at city level this can involve small numbers and could be disclosive. Therefore figures are not published. SA1046V Number of overcrowded households (>1 persons in 1 room) This information is not available. SA1049V Average annual rent for housing per m2 This information is not is not available. Page 21 of 124

22 Births and infant mortality SA2004V Infant Mortality per year SA2005V Male Infant Mortality per year Not available for any part of UK SA2006V Female Infant Mortality per year Not available for any part of UK SA2007V Number of live births per year SA2008V Number of live births per year (Male) SA2009V Number of live births per year (Female) Meta for whole of UK ONS, Vital statistics Output Branch Type of Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES definition Figures provided for deaths of infants exclude deaths of children aged under 1 week who were born alive. Nature of Data Figures are from registers or births and deaths. Type of statistic Enumerated. Reference period Calendar year Additional comments Figures for infant mortality by gender are not made publicly available at this geographical level as very small numbers are involved this information could be disclosive. Figures for the City of London are very small (because it has a very small resident population) and are not published separately as they could be disclosive. They have been combined with those for the London borough of Hackney. Page 22 of 124

23 Adult Mortality SA2014V SA2014V SA2015V Number of deaths per year < 65 due to diseases of the circulatory or respiratory systems Number of deaths per year < 65 due to diseases of the circulatory or respiratory systems (Male) Number of deaths per year < 65 due to diseases of the circulatory or respiratory systems (Female) SA2016V Total deaths under 65 per year SA2017V Total deaths under 65 per year (Male) SA2018V Total deaths under 65 per year (Female) SA2019V Total deaths per year SA2020V Total deaths per year (Male) SA2021V Total deaths per year (Female) Meta for whole of UK ONS, Vital statistics Output Branch Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES None definition Nature of Data Figures are from registers or births and deaths. Type of statistic Enumerated. Reference period Calendar year Comments Data for deaths under 65 are not available for or. Page 23 of 124

24 Provision of Health Care Background Note on UK health care system Public health care throughout the UK is organised through the National Health Service (NHS). Most NHS care (apart from dental treatment) is free to UK residents. Hence a distinction can be drawn between NHS care and private sector care. The latter is not part of the NHGS system and patients pay for treatment. The majority of care is provided by the NHS Health care is a devolved policy area and is the responsibility of the administrations of the four countries. This means that there are variations in the way that NHS provision is organised and managed between the four countries. For this reason some of the following health care statistics are presented separately for each country. Note that all refers to NHS provision. Official statistics do not in general cover private healthcare (i.e. independent doctors or hospitals, which charge patients for their services). The majority of health care in the UK is provided by the NHS. In, organisation of NHS activity is divided into Primary Care Trusts (that commission treatment ) and other types of healthcare trusts (that provide treatment). The patient s route of access to services is normally through their general practitioner, who is normally employed by a primary care trust. Where patients need hospital treatment it is policy to give patients a choice of hospitals where possible, so a patient is not necessarily treated at the hospital closest to where they live, or even a hospital in the same town or city. In other parts of the UK the configuration of NHS healthcare organisations is slightly different, and the terminology is different in each country. Again, the principle that patients are not necessarily treated in the hospital closest to where they live applies. Hospital Beds SA2022V Number of hospital beds Not available for any part of UK Comments The geographical units by which the NHS is organised vary in the four countries, but do not, in general, match local authority boundaries. There are also variations in the way in which a patient in need of in-patient treatment is allocated to a hospital. It is not necessarily the case that a patient will be treated in a hospital closest to where they live, for a number of reasons. In it is current policy to give non-emergency patients a choice of hospitals within their region. For this reason, the number of hospital beds that are located within a city would not necessarily be an accurate measure of healthcare provision available to residents of the city, and would not allow comparisons between cities on a consistent basis. Page 24 of 124

25 Figures for numbers of hospitals beds are only published by health geographies, and are not available to local authority boundaries. The NHS is the majority provider, although there are also private sector hospitals that are not part of the NHS. Page 25 of 124

26 Discharges from Hospital SA2026V Number of hospital discharges of in-patients SA2026V: Meta for The Information Centre for Health & Social Care Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES Discharge definition criteria are in line with ES definition. Data are definition residence based. (See below) Nature of Data Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) a base that records all in-patient episodes in the NHS in. Type of statistic From a register Reference period Calendar years 2004, 2005 Comments Data are residence based, meaning that they count discharge episodes of residents of the city who were discharged from an NHS hospital anywhere in. Does not include residents of cities in who were discharged from hospitals elsewhere in UK. Data represent discharges from NHS hospitals only; discharges from private hospitals are not included. Does not include day patients. SA2026V: Meta for NISRA Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES Broadly in line with ES definition. See below. definition Nature of Data NHS patient records. Type of statistic From register. Reference period Financial years: , , Comments Data represent the total number of patients leaving hospital during the year, because of discharge, death or transfer to another hospital. A patient may be admitted or discharged more than once during the year. There is therefore an element of multiple counting and the figures do not represent a count of individual persons who attended hospital during the year. The information on hospital patients covers persons admitted as ordinary inpatients only, which include (a) patients admitted electively with the expectation that they will remain in hospital for at least one night and (b) non-elective admissions, e.g. emergency admissions. Day cases are not included. Page 26 of 124

27 The information covers all types of NHS hospital and includes hospitals for the mentally ill and learning disabled as well as acute hospitals. Includes private patients in NHS hospitals. Does not include private patients discharged form private sector (i.e. non-nhs) hospitals. Includes health new-borns (i.e. children who were born in hospital). These are not based on the patient s place of residence, but on the location of the hospital. All hospitals within the specified city boundaries are included. It should be noted that these hospitals cater for patients who reside outside the city boundaries as well as those living within the boundaries. Figures include a small number of patients who were treated in but reside elsewhere in the UK SA2026V: Meta for NHS, Healthcare Information Group Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES definition Includes day cases. Does not include discharges from private sector hospitals. Nature of Data Figures are from patient episodes base Type of statistic From a register Reference period Calendar year Comments Represents discharge episodes from NHS hospitals in. Is not a count of individual patients as some patients may be admitted and discharged more than once in the year. Episodes are based on acute and day case records in general and acute wards sent by 14 unified NHS Boards throughout. For technical reasons not all contiguous episodes of in-patient treatment can be linked to identify a single spell. Hence there is an element of over-counting in the number of discharges recorded. These should therefore be treated with caution. Data are residence based, based on each patient s place of residence. They do not represent all discharges from hospitals located in the city, as some patients may reside elsewhere. Patients resident in cities in who were treated in hospitals elsewhere in the UK are not included. For technical reasons, some episodes of treatment that directly follow each other without a patient being discharged cannot be linked together so there may be some over-counting of discharges in the statistics. Data represent discharges from NHS hospitals only; discharges from private hospitals are not included. SA2026V: Meta for NHS, Health Solution Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES Does not include discharges from private sector hospitals. definition Nature of Data Figures are from patient episode base Type of statistic Register based. Reference period Calendar year Page 27 of 124

28 Comments for Represents discharge episodes from NHS hospitals in. Is not a count of individual patients as some patients may be admitted and discharged more than once in the year. Data are residence based, i.e. based on patients place of residence. Figures for an Urban Audit city in therefore represent patients resident in that city who were discharged from a hospital in. They do not represent all discharges from hospitals located in a city, as some patients will reside elsewhere. Patients resident in who were treated in hospitals elsewhere in the UK are not included. Data represent discharges from NHS hospitals only; discharges from private hospitals are not included. Page 28 of 124

29 Doctors SA2027V Number of practising physicians SA2027V: Meta for Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES definition Consists of general practitioners only. Does not include hospital doctors. Does not include doctors in private practice only (i.e. non-nhs). Nature of Data From NHS administrative records Type of statistic Register - based Reference period All in post as at 30 September 2004 Comments Data is available according to primary care trust that employs the GPs. The boundary of primary care trusts do not match local authority boundaries. Figures for doctors have been produced by amalgamating figures for the primary care trusts that best fit LA boundaries. Thes figures should therefore be treated as estimates. Figures do not include hospital doctors as these are collected on a different basis and are not additive. Figures do not include non-nhs doctors. SA2027V: Meta for NISRA Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES No information provided definition Nature of Data From NHS administrative records Type of statistic Register based Reference period Snapshot at October 2004 Comments We have been unable to provide for or that would be on a comparable basis to that obtained for. Page 29 of 124

30 Dentists In the UK, dentists may be in private practice, or may provide services through the NHS. SA2028V Number of practising dentists SA2028V: Meta for ONS, Vital statistics Output Branch Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES definition In line with ES definition, however excludes dentists that are completely private and do no work for the NHS. Nature of Data Derived from administrative records Type of statistic Register- based : average of four-monthly counts Reference period Average for calendar year 2004 Comments for Data from the Dental Practice Board. Rounded average of quarterly counts of dentists for calendar year by Local Authority. This is a headcount of individual Dentists, it is not possible to say whether they are part time or full time, hence these are not FTE (Full- time equivalent). Figures exclude those entirely in private practice. SA2028V: Meta for NISRA Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES No information provided definition Nature of Data From NHS administrative records Type of statistic Register based Reference period Snapshot at October 2004 Comments SA2028V: Meta for NHS National Services. Type of supplier Official health care provider Deviation from ES definition In line with ES definition, however excludes dentists that are completely private and do no work for the NHS. Nature of Data Derived from administrative records Type of statistic Register- based Reference period As at 30 September Page 30 of 124

31 Comments for Number of Dentists per local authority area at 30th September Comprises NHS nonsalaried and salaried general dental practitioners, hospital dentists and community dentists. Based on location of dental practice or main hospital. NHS Dentists can enter into more than one arrangement with an NHS Board depending on their practice(s). Excludes Specialists in oral and maxillofacial surgery in hospitals. SA2028V: Meta for ONS, Vital statistics Output Branch Type of supplier Official statistics organisation Deviation from ES definition In line with ES definition, however excludes dentists that are completely private and do no work for the NHS. Nature of Data Derived from administrative records Type of statistic Register- based : average of four-monthly counts Reference period Average for calendar year 2004 Comments As for. Data are from same source. Page 31 of 124

32 Crime SA3001V Total number of recorded crimes within city [country for national ] SA 3001V Meta for Scottish Government, Justice Analytical Services Division Type of Government department Deviation from ES The Scottish legal system makes a distinction between crimes and definition offences. See list below. The supplied here refer to those incidents classified as crimes in the Scottish legal system. The figures do not include crimes or offences committed on public transport (which are responsibility of British Transport Police) nor those which were dealt with by Ministry of Defence Police or the Civil Nuclear Constabulary. There were in total, 4,090 crimes and 6,453 offences recorded by the British Transport Police, Ministry of Defence and UK Atomic Energy Authority in the calendar year 2003 in the whole of. Does not include stationary motor vehicle offences dealt with by the issue of a fixed penalty ticket. These are mostly parking offences. Nature of Data All crimes recorded by Police Forces, with the exceptions noted above. Type of Statistic From Register Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2004 to 31 March Comments There is a separate legal system in to those in, and in and. Data are published by financial years and are not available for calendar years. In the financial year 2004/05 there were 632,982 recorded offences in. (: ). They are not included in the figures here. The following incidents are classified as crimes in the Scottish legal system : (: Classification of Crimes and Offences in Statistical Bulletin cited above.) Non-Sexual Crimes Of Violence Serious assault etc. - (Also referred to as Violence) Includes murder and culpable homicide (including the statutory crime of causing death by dangerous driving or causing death by careless driving while under the influence of drink or drugs). Furthermore, an assault is classified as serious if the victim sustained an injury resulting in detention in hospital as an in-patient or any of the following injuries whether or not he was detained in hospital: fractures, concussion, internal injuries, crushing, Page 32 of 124

33 Robbery - Other - Crimes of Indecency severe cuts or lacerations or severe general shock requiring medical treatment. Prior to 1990 the phrase "victim sustained" was followed by the phrase " (or owing to personal circumstances or the use of a weapon was likely to sustain) ". Includes offences involving intent to rob. Includes threats and extortion and cruel and unnatural treatment of children. (Also referred to as Indecency). Rape & Attempted Rape - Indecent Assault - - Lewd and indecent behaviour - (Previously titled "Lewd and libidinous practices") Other - Crimes Involving Dishonesty Housebreaking - Theft by opening a lockfast place (OLP) - Theft from a motor vehicle by (OLP) - Theft of motor vehicle - Shoplifting - - Other theft - Fraud - Other - Fire-Raising, Vandalism Etc Fire-raising - - Vandalism, etc. - Other Crimes Crimes against public justice - Handling offensive weapons - Drugs - Comprises rape and assault with intent to rape. Comprises lewd and libidinous practices against children and indecent exposure. Includes offences connected with prostitution. (Also referred to as Dishonesty) Includes commercial as well as domestic premises Includes theft of pedal cycles. Includes statutory fraud. Includes forgery, reset and embezzlement. (Also referred to as Vandalism) Includes malicious mischief, vandalism and reckless conduct with firearms. Includes perjury, resisting arrest, bail offences (other than absconding or reoffending) and wasting police time. Comprises carrying offensive weapons, restriction of offensive weapons legislation. Includes importation, possession and supply of controlled drugs. Page 33 of 124

34 Other - Includes conspiracy and explosives offences. UAIII Final Country Report: United Kingdom The following incidents are classified as offences in the Scottish legal system: Miscellaneous Offences Petty Assault - - Breach of the peace - Drunkenness Other - Includes offences against local legislation, offences involving animals/plants, offences against liquor licensing laws and offences against environmental legislation. Motor Vehicle Offences Dangerous and careless driving - Drunk driving - Speeding - - Unlawful use of vehicle - Vehicle defect offences - Prior to 1992 this was known as "reckless and careless driving". Comprises driving or in charge of motor vehicle while unfit through drink or drugs, blood alcohol content above limit and failing to provide breath, blood or urine specimens. Comprises driving while disqualified, without a licence, insurance, test certificate, vehicle tax and registration and identification offences. Comprises construction and use and lighting offences. SA3001V Meta for Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) Type of supplier Government statistics organisation Deviation from ES Recorded Crime figures (sometimes referred to as notifiable offences) definition detail those crimes and offences (including attempts) recorded by the police which are deemed to be indictable or triable-either-way. Certain closely associated summary offences are also counted in the recorded crime figures. Nature of Data All crimes recorded by Police Forces, with the exceptions noted above. Includes crimes on public transport. Type of Statistic From Register (Police Records). Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2003 to 31 March Further Comments on from Data are published by financial years and are not available for calendar years. Crime statistics for are collated by the Police Service of (PSNI) in accordance with the National Crime Recording Standard, and are therefore comparable with those produced by the Home Office or by individual police forces in and. They are not necessarily compatible with from because of definitional differences. For more information about definition of crimes see: Page 34 of 124

35 SA3001V : Not available for and Total Crime Statistics for and are published according to the boundaries of Police forces. These are not co-terminous with local authority areas, and so cannot be provided to the local authority boundaries required by Urban Audit. As the incidence of crime is not evenly spread throughout a region and often shows a strong pattern of localised variation, simple re-apportionment to local authority boundaries using population figures as a proxy would not be a suitable methodology. Page 35 of 124

36 Homicides SA3005V Number of murders and violent deaths SA 3005V Meta for and Home Office Statistics Branch Type of supplier Government Department Deviation from ES In line with ES definition. definition Nature of Data As recorded by Police Forces in and Type of Statistic From Register. Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2004 to 31 March Comments These figures are published according to Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships (CDRPs) and can be matched to LA boundaries. Includes figures for crimes in and dealt with by British Transport Police. SA 3005V Meta for Scottish Government Justice Department Type of supplier Government Department Deviation from ES In line with ES definition. definition Nature of Data Homicides as recorded by Police Forces in Type of Statistic From Register. Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2004 to 31 March Comments SA 3005V Meta for NISRA Type of supplier Official Statistics Organisation Deviation from ES In line with ES definition. definition Nature of Data As recorded by Police Forces in Type of Statistic From Register. Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2004 to 31 March Comments Relates to murder, manslaughter and infanticide Page 36 of 124

37 Thefts and Burglary SA3006V Number of thefts of cars SA3007V Number of domestic burglaries SA 3005V Meta for and Home Office Statistics Branch Type of supplier Government Department Deviation from ES In line with ES definition. definition Nature of Data As recorded by Police Forces in and Type of Statistic From Register. Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2004 to 31 March Comments These figures are published according to Crime Reduction Partnerships (CDRPs) and can be matched to LA boundaries. SA 3005V Meta for Scottish Government Justice Department Type of supplier Government Department Deviation from ES In line with ES definition. definition Nature of Data As recorded by Police Forces in Type of Statistic From Register. Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2004 to 31 March SA 3005V Meta for NISRA Type of supplier Official Statistics Organisation Deviation from ES In line with ES definition. definition Nature of Data As recorded by Police Forces in Type of Statistic From Register. Reference period Financial year: 1 April 2004 to 31 March Page 37 of 124