Final Country Report Urban Audit 2010/2011 [Norway

Transcription

1 Final Country Report Urban Audit 2010/2011 [Norway Norway] Overview The collection of Urban Audit variables took place in the period March 2010 to December Final coverage of variables (data availability per domain and per spatial level): Statistics Norway has delivered variables for all the domains except the domain 6.2 Air Quality and Noise (collected centrally). In connection with Urban Audit 2006/2007 Statistics Norway contacted the participating cities in order to collect missing variables. The response rate was quite poor. The work was taken over by the International Research Institute of Stavanger (IRIS). Besides collecting missing variables from UA 2006/2007 IRIS also looked at the possibilities of collecting some of the new variables in Urban Audit IV (2010). IRIS did not only collected data from the reference period 2004 but also, if possible, from among others the period The response rate improved. Some of the variables we received from IRIS were not used (transmitted to Eurostat) because the quality of the variables was questionable and/or the definition used deviated from the definition of the variables in the Glossary. Most of the variables transmitted to Eurostat in the domains Housing,Travel Patterns and Culture and Recreation and Tourism were collected by IRIS. Some of the variables are incomplete in the meaning that there are only given figures from some of the cities. The cities were in most cases not the source of the data but other agencies outside the municipalities. Statistics Norway has delivered 260 variables (78 %) at city level, 147 variables (79 %) at LUZ level and 217 variables (87%) at national level. The variables are estimated on the basis of a total of 332 variables at city level, 187 variables at LUZ level and 246 variables at national level. If the city-variables are estimated on a basis of a total of 311 variables (not included variables collected centrally) 84 % of the variables are delivered. In addition there are variables that are not relevant for Norway, for instance European elections. Spatial units Statistics Norway has delivered variables for the six cities (municipalities) NO001C Oslo, NO002C Bergen, NO003C Trondheim, NO004C Stavanger, NO005C Kristiansand and NO006C Tromsø and Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) belonging to these municipalities. 1

2 Meta information Domain 1.1.Demography Statistical base: The statistics are based on population register data. The figures from 1995 and later are based on the Central Population Register (CPR) at the Directorate of Taxes. The register was built up from 1964 to 1966 on the basis of the 1960 census, at the same time as the 11-digit national identity number was introduced as identification. The Office of the National Registrar, which administrates the register, was transferred in 1991 from Statistics Norway to the Directorate of Taxes. Since 1946 each municipality has had a local population registry that registers all residents in the municipality, pursuant to the Population Registration Act and its regulations. The population registries receive reports of births, deaths, marriages, divorces, migration etc. from various sources. Since the end of the 1960s statistics on births, deaths and marriages have been compiled on the basis of information that the clergy by law has had to submit ever since Since 1968 the register has provided a basis for compiling annual statistics on the population and its composition. Updating of the Central Population Register is done in part by the local population registries, which are connected to the CPR via terminals, and in part by the Directorate of Taxes. The basis of the statistics on changes in the population is electronic copies to Statistics Norway of all such register updates. The reports are also used to update a separate Statistics Norway population database kept for statistical purposes, which forms the basis for the statistics on the composition of the population. Domain 1.2 Nationality Statistical base: Population registers (see above). Norwegian citizenship is granted by the County Governor or the Directorate of Immigration, and must be reported to the population registry in the municipality of residence. If a person has dual citizenship, the Norwegian citizenship is registered in the CPR with a notation about the other citizenship. Reference date: 1 st January 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 (variables DE2001V to DE2004V) else 1 st January 2008 Domain 1.3 Household Structure Statistical base: Household statistics cover all persons registered as residents in Norway on 1 January. The statistics are based on data from The Central Population Register (CPR), The Cadastre and The Central Coordinating Register of Legal Entities (business register). In order to produce figures for cohabiting couples and two or more-family households, and hereby all types of families and households, Statistics Norway processes 2

3 information from the CPR. In addition some information from the Cadastre and the business register are used in this process. Data from the same registers are used to identify persons not living in private households (living in institutions, of no fixed abode) Register data Control and revision In order to expand the statistics to comprise all cohabiting couples and also multi familyhouseholds, it was necessary to develop a comprehensive system for data processing, control and revision. This was essential done to be able to decide which persons that constituted couples, families and households in these particular cases. Especially errors and shortcomings in address information at the dwelling level made this necessary. The system for data processing, control, and revision mentioned above classifies two persons as a cohabiting couple if they are living in the same household, are the only adults living in the household, are of opposite sex, are not related, are 18 years or older and the age difference between them are less than 16 years. Estimation The statistics is based on a full count of all persons, families, and households in Norway. From this point of view the estimation should be fairly simple. But due to shortcomings in the address information at the dwelling level, particularly in Oslo, we have to use a statistical method to adjust the results for persons living in multi-dwelling buildings. The figures are adjusted using a stratification based on 9 different types of households, 7 age groups and sex (126 strata in total per region). Separate weights are calculated for persons, families and households. Sources of error and uncertainty The main source for the statistics is the Central Population Register. Some errors made during the collecting and processing of the data are unavoidable; include errors in coding, revision and data processing. Extensive efforts have been made to minimize these errors, and Statistics Norway regards these types of errors to be relatively insignificant. The main quality problem is the incomplete registration of dwelling numbers for persons living in multi-dwelling houses. These persons are said not to have a unique address and this create problems in the formation of families and households. Per 31 December per cent of the population did not have a unique address, and the corresponding figure for Oslo was 24 per cent.. To improve the quality, rather comprehensive editing of the input data have been conducted. To further improve the regional figures, especially for Oslo, the data have been adjusted at a macro level. No specific calculations of accuracy have been done, but the figures are assessed to be somewhat less accurate than for instance the corresponding figures from the 2001 Census (where census forms were used to collect additional information). Migration statistics are based on population register data. Reports of internal migration, immigration and emigration are based on reporting obligations to the population registry of the in-migration municipality, and to the out-migration municipality in cases of emigration. Migration reports shall be given by the person who is moving within 8 days of the move. This also applies to migration from abroad to a Norwegian municipality. Persons who leave the country are obligated to notify the out-migration municipality. Immigration and emigration shall be reported if the person intends to stay at least 6 months. Reference date household variables: 1 st January

4 Reference date migration variables: 2008 and 2009 Domain 2.1 Housing Variable SA1031V Data source: Sentio Research Norge Statistical base: The activity in the Women s Shelters are reported to Sentio Research Norge by filling in a paperform. The work is done by the staff at the Women s Shelter. In the case of Trondheim half of the forms are missing in As regards Tromsø the number of times is confused with the number of days in Reference date: 2004 and 2008 Variable SA1016V and SA1023V Data source: Norges Eiendomsmegler forbund ( (The Association of Norwegian Real Estate Agents) Statistical base: Eiendomsmeglerbransjens boligprisstatistikk. Reference date: 2004 and 2008 Variable SA1030V Data source: Norwegian Directorate of Immigration Statistical base: ÅRSRAPPORTEN (Annual Report) Reference date: 2005 and 2008 Variable SA1027V and SA1029V Data source: Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research (NIBR) Statistical base: NIBR Reports 2006:403 and 2009:17 Homeless in Norway A Survey The report 2009:17 sets out and discusses the findings of the fourth nationwide survey of homelessness in Norway. The survey was conducted autumn Similar surveys were carried out in 2005, 2003 and The Norwegian State Housing Bank commissioned the surveys. Defining homelessness The definition used for this and the three earlier surveys is as follows: A person is homeless when s/he lacks a place to live, either rented or owned, and finds themselves in one of the three following situations: Has no place to stay for the night Is referred to emergency or temporary shelter accommodation Is a ward of the correctional and probation service and due to be released in two months at the latest Is a resident of an institution and due to be discharged in two months at the latest Lives with friends, acquaintances or family on a temporary basis 4

5 Persons living in sublet accommodation or residing permanently with family and close relations are not covered by the definition. Reference date: 2005 and 2008 Domain 2.2 Health Births and deaths Statistical base: Death and birth statistics are based on data from The Central Population Register. Deaths are reported by the probate court or sheriff to the population registry in the deceased person's municipality of residence. Reports of deaths abroad of persons who were residents of Norway are received via the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the Norwegian Maritime Directorate. Reports of births are submitted by the hospital or the person attending the birth to the population registry in the mother's municipality of residence.. Infant Mortality variables 1 st January 2006 to 1 st January 2009 Causes of deaths Statistical base: The statistics cover all persons registered by the National Population Register as living in Norway at the time of their death, without regard to whether the death took place in Norway or abroad. Accuracy of data: Statistics on causes of death are prepared on the basis of medical death certificates sent to Statistics Norway by public health officers. Additional information is routinely obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway, the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Statistics Norway's statistics on road traffic accidents and the results of autopsies from hospital and forensic laboratories. Death certificate: civil information, cause of death diagnoses form is filled out using WHO guidelines, and if possible the name of the attending physician included and signed by the issuing physician. Number of hospital beds and discharges of in-patients Statistical base: The number of hospital beds in general hospitals is extracted from the Specialist health service statistics. The statistics cover all general hospitals and other institutions (specialist nursing homes, convalescence and rehabilitation institutions, hospital and delivery wards), institutions in psychiatric health care for adults and for children and adolescents, ambulance service, operating agreements with private specialists and clinical psychologists and specialised substance abuse institutions. The statistics is annually compiled by Statistics Norway, Division for Health statistics. (See: As to bed capacity at the institutions, this is the number of accessible beds as of 31 December each year. Beds that are temporarily closed (e.g., during public holidays, etc.) are included. Accuracy of data 5

6 Questionnaires are completed by the institutions, and sent electronically to Statistics Norway through the Health Enterprises (HE). Data are collected via electronic schemes and electronic account files. Schemes are accessible on the Internet from January on. The institutions are required to respond annually. Statistics Norway performs automatic sum controls of the data material. In addition, the data are compared with information from previous years, and with other sources (data on activity, personnel and patients). Institutions are contacted in the event of missing data or discrepancies in the data. Collection and processing errors: The quality of the statistics depends on correct information from the questionnaire respondents. With control routines, we can only detect the most obvious errors. Moreover, errors may occur in processing the data, such as punching errors, code errors, etc. There is some uncertainty with regard to estimated data. Estimation of the respective parts' sizes is mainly done with regard to combined institutions, where the Health Enterprises administrate specialist health service in municipal institutions. Such combined institutions often lack an adequate system for separating Health Enterprise and county operations. The information we need must often be estimated for such institutions. A distribution formula is calculated for the ratio between municipal and county operations, based on the accounts for the entire institution and the subsidies the institution receives from the county. Sampling errors: The main source for establishing the sample is the register of enterprises and firms (REF) including among others information about name, address, sector and kind of business. To avoid errors originated in lack of reporting to the REF, Statistics Norway and HE/Regional HE cooperate on an annually check of quality within the REF. Non-sampling errors: Effort is put into obtaining information from as many institutions as possible; hence there is very little missing data in these statistics. The number of hospital discharges is based on The Norwegian Patient Register run by the Directorate for Health and Social affairs. Statistics Norway receives tables from this register and disseminates on this basis the official Patient Statistics. The observation units are discharges from hospitals linked to information about the patient, diagnosis, treatment etc for each hospital stay. All general hospitals are to be included. Accuracy of data There are some registration errors made by the hospitals, even though most of these are detected during the revision of data. Some years a few minor private hospitals have not delivered data. In addition, privately financed stays are incompletely reported. Practising physicians and dentist Statistical base: The population in register-based statistics on employment of health care personnel is people with health care education plus all other personnel working in health care services. The statistics also cover foreigners with short-term stays in Norway, working for a Norwegian employer. The observational units are individuals (persons), but the statistics also include all active employments per person. The information is based on several registers. The main sources for health care education are the Register for Health Care Personnel, administered by the Directorate of Health and Social Welfare and the Register of Highest Completed Education (BHU), managed by Statistics Norway. The Central Register of Employees is the main source for data about employees, while the End of the Year Certificate Register is an important supplement because it incorporates employments for which there are no obligation to submit reports to the Central Register of Employees. Both registers use employments (jobs) as unit. The Register of Tax Forms is the main source of information about the self-employed. The Central Register of Establishments and Enterprises provides information about industry, sector and municipality of the workplaces. In addition, supplementary data is taken from a number of other sources. The ARENA Register (administered by The Directorate of Labour), which provides data on registered unemployment and participants in employment programmes, information from the National Insurance Administration's register on confinement benefits and receivers of 6

7 cash-for-care, the register over retirement pensioners and disability pensioners, and Statistics Norway's register of sickness absence certified by a doctor. The definition of employment is therefore based on a number of different sources. Statistics Norway has developed a system for common utilization of these. Sampling This is a full count. Frame errors For people defined as employees only on the basis of information from the End of the Year Certificate Register (approximately 10 per cent of the wage earners), the employment is not dated. For about half of this population, information is collected from other administrative sources which make it possible to date the employment. For the remainder, the size of the wage is taken into account when evaluating whether the person is classified as employed. There is therefore some uncertainty as to whether the employment existed per 1 October. The self-employed are identified by information from the Tax Register. Because of a long production procedure, information from the previous year is used for the statistics. As a consequence of this delay, some people may incorrectly be classified as employed even though they terminated their employment in the previous year. For people who are defined as employed and wage earners only on the basis of the End of the Year Certificate Register, the employment is linked to an enterprise. A method for identifying the enterprise in the best way possible has been developed. In the cases where a person is employed in an establishment with several subsidiaries, it is uncertain whether the employment is actually linked to the correct enterprise, and consequently, whether correct information about industry and workplace is collected. For large enterprises (i.e. hospitals) with several establishments the distribution of employees in the Register of Employees may sometimes be insufficient. This is noticeable on municipal level and for distribution according to industry. Continuous controls are conducted, but it may take time to correct the errors in the registers, and small errors may not always be discovered. In general, these employments will be of less significance for statistics on the country as a whole, but may lead to important misconceptions on municipal level. The figures for contracted man-years are less reliable for the self-employed. This is because the registers contain no data on working hours on micro level. The information therefore needs to be supplemented with data on the number of hours worked on a highly aggregated level from the Labour Force Sample Surveys. These figures also contain sampling uncertainty. The use of such data means that the differences in working hours between individuals within the groups will disappear. Domain 2.3 Crime Statistical base: The data basis is taken from the police s central registration system, which covers all offences registered by the police districts (as well as special agencies and higher prosecution authorities) in the police s databases for handling criminal cases (BL). Registrations in the local BL are transferred to STRASAK, from which Statistics Norway received its data basis extract until From the statistic years 2001/2002, Statistics Norway has received its data basis from the police s analysis and leadership system (PAL). PAL contains data on all criminal cases after they have been transferred from STRASAK. The data source for the statistics is referred to as the criminal case register BL/STRASAK/PAL, and contains criminal case data that is transferred between these three systems on an ongoing basis Where the report includes more than one offence, all matters that can constitute a separate point in the charge/indictment are registered. 7

8 The variable SA3005V excludes infanticide (abortion and murder soon after birth regulated by special laws). Also excludes manslaughter, in Norway defined as unintentional killing, of which most by dangerous driving. The variable SA3006V includes theft of cars (automobiles). Excludes theft of motorcycle, boats and snow-mobiles. The variable SA3007V : Aggravated larceny from a dwelling requires that goods are stolen. Also includes stealing goods of high value without the use of force or causing damage. Aggravated larceny from holiday homes are included, but not from entrance, attic. Domain 3.1 Labour Market Deviating definition: For the years the Register-based Employment Statistics uses the age definition years so is used in stead of From 2006 the age definition is years For unemployment the register data uses a different definition and the total number of unemployed persons are lower than the unemployment figure (annual average) from the Labour Force Sample Survey (approx lower on a national level in 4 th quarter 2009). It is however necessary to use the register data for regional figures. Statistical base: The Register-based Employment Statistics use the ILO international definition of employment which provides separate criterion for persons in paid employment and persons in self-employment in order to accommodate the idea that employment covers any work, be it for wage or salary, profit or family gain, including the production of goods for own consumption. The Register-based Employment Statistics comprises all employed persons years who were resident in Norway, according to the Central Population Register in the 3 rd week of November (4th quarter). The statistics are based on several administrative registers. The main register being used to identify individuals in paid employment is the social security system on employee jobs named the central register on employers and employees (EE - register). The EE - register covers all sectors and most jobs. The reporting unit is all establishments in private and public sector. Only conscripts, jobs with average weekly working hours less than 4 hours and jobs that are expected to last for less than a week are exempted. As a result this register will not cover the whole population of employees according to the ILO definition. The register also provides a link between persons and establishment. The observation unit is an employment spell (job). Register data used in the statistics are verified and edited to a greater or lesser degree. Variables that are not found in any of the administrative sources are created by combining data from various register sources. At the moment Statistics Norway are unable to provide figures for long-time unemployment from the register-based statistics. Reference date: 4 th quarter Domain 3.2 Economic Activity Companies and enterprises 8

9 Statistical base: The Central Register of Establishments and Enterprises (CRE). The CRE is Statistics Norway's register of all enterprises (juridical units) and establishments in the private and public sector in Norway. The CRE is to be a complete and correct register, which forms the basis for a common population for economical and industrial statistics as well as statistics on persons and is one of many registers that are associated to the Central Coordinating Register for Legal Entities (CCRLE). The CRE is updated daily via The Brønnøysund Register Centre, and all changes that are reported to the associated registers are included. The industrial activity code of establishments and enterprises is constantly updated. The unit itself shall report changes in its industrial activity to the CCRLE. Outdated information is a source of error as a result of late registrations. Changes might be registered later than they actually happened. Enterprise dropouts are normally registered with a time lag. All actual dropouts within a period of time are therefore not always registered at any given time, but can be registered after as much as two years. Consequently, the number of dropouts is too low while the stock of enterprises is proportionally too high. In some cases, new enterprises are also registered with a time lag. When an enterprise is established, the owner has to inform whether it is a new company or a change of ownership. When that information is missing possible changes of ownerships are identified by controlling existing enterprises for duplicates. However, all changes of ownership are not detected in these routines. Employment by industry Statistical base: See metadata information described in domain 3.1 Labour Market. Reference date: 4 th quarter 2009 Domain 3.3 Income Disparities and Poverty Statistical base: Population: The population is based on the Income statistics for households The statistics include only persons in private households. A household consists of persons that are permanently resident in the same dwelling (housing unit). Disposable annual household income: This income concept corresponds to Total disposable household income used in EU-SILC. It consists of Total gross household income, less Tax on income and social contributions and Regular inter-household transfers paid. The social security benefits are compared to Total gross household income used in the EU-SILC. All figures in the Income disparities and poverty domain are calculated by using equivalent income, except variables EC3060V and EC3063V. Median and average income are 9

10 calculated using households as unit. Each household counts one time with their equivalent income. Social security benefits This is defined as the total sum of old-age pension, disability pension, survivors benefit, rehabilitation benefits and transitional benefits to single parents, introduction benefits for newly arrived refugees and qualification benefit. Variable EC3063V is only given with persons as unit, and either the household size or the household income is considered. Each person s individually registered income is considered when calculating the number reliant on social security (> 50 %). Reference date: 31.December 2008 Domain 4.1 Civic Involvement Statistical base national elections: The statistic includes the results from the election in all the municipalities. The county councils' election reports as well as forms sent from Statistics Norway to the municipalities were used to produce the statistics. Electoral roll: List of the number of persons entitled to vote. In the electoral proposal persons entitled to vote will be entered in the municipality in which they were registered as living on 31 th of May of the election year. People who move after 31 th of May may demand to be listed in the electoral role of their new municipality. Persons entitled to vote: Election Act Section 3, cf. Constitution Articles 50 and 53 lay down the following conditions for the right to vote in a Storting election: a) Listed in the electoral roll in the municipality b) Norwegian citizen, cf. Norwegian Nationality Act of 8 December 1950 c) Must turn 18 in the course of the election year d) Norwegian citizens who have more than 10 years of registered continuous foreign residence behind them must apply to be listed in the electoral roll e) The right to vote must not have been lost, cf. Constitution Article 53 Norwegian citizens with an immigrant background who are entitled to vote: This category includes both first-generation immigrants and second-generation immigrants. Firstgeneration immigrants are persons without Norwegian background. They are people born abroad of two foreign born parents who at some time emigrated to Norway. The secondgeneration immigrant category includes persons born in Norway of two foreign-born parents. Second-generation immigrants have not emigrated themselves to Norway, but have parents who came from other countries. Statistical base city elections: As city elections not include county council elections Statistics Norway will prefer to use the term municipal council elections. Forms sent from municipalities to Statistics Norway. The conditions for the right to vote in a Storting (national) elections also pass for city (municipality council) elections. Fewer are entitled to vote in general than in local elections, in which foreign citizens may participate provided they have resided in Norway for the last three years prior to Election Day. Nordic citizens can be entitled to vote if they are registered in the electoral roll within 30 th of June in the election year. Reference date national elections: 2005 and 2009 Reference date city elections: 2003 and 2007 Domain 5.1 Education and Training provision Day care 10

11 Deviating definition: Day-care is defined as approved educational activities organized for children below the age of compulsory education. Statistical base: The statistics include all approved kindergartens of any form of ownership; municipal, county, state and private owned kindergartens. Information is given on the number of children in kindergarten as of 15 December. Data is compiled electronically through KOSTRA by the forms "Annual reports for kindergartens. The form is completed by all the kindergartens after receiving a printout of the form from their corresponding municipal authorities. The municipalities are responsible for collecting forms for all public and private kindergartens within their jurisdiction. The municipal authorities then report the electronically to Statistics Norway, and information is to be handed over by 15 January. All approved kindergartens under the Day Care institutions' act and regulations that receive subsidies are in the sample. Control and revision The electronic forms have several checks active during the registration process. The information is also controlled and revised by corresponding county governors and by Statistics Norway before data are aggregated and published. The controls are based on coherence between data and comparison to prior years. Reference date: 15th December 2008 Education Statistical base: All education variables used in various Urban Audit tables on education 1 are extracted from administrative data systems used in educational institutions, and registers on education are compiled and maintained by Statistics Norway. All observations in the registers are persons whose personal ID-number is used to merge/integrate additional information from other registers. Accuracy: Errors may be due to self-reported information from the student or erroneous reporting from the data provider. However, a number of these non-sampling errors will be identified as part of control and revision routines. Statistics Norway strives to include all students. If some students are missing form the data it may be due to insufficient reporting from institutions or that some educational institutions are unknown for Statistics Norway. For all tables on educational attainment in the Urban Audit project a number of persons cannot be identified by ISCED-level (mostly immigrants), please see: for a complete metadata documentation. Reference date: 1 st October 2008 Domain 5.2 Educational qualification Deviating definitions: All codes on educational attainment include residents aged Statistical base: The Register of the Population s Highest Level of Education encompasses all individuals registered as a resident in Norway per 1 October XXXX and who are aged 16 and over at the end of the reporting year. Also included are 15-year-olds who have 1 TE1005, TE1030-TE1033, TE1026-TE1028, TE2025-TE

12 completed lower secondary school or are registered in upper secondary education or above. Definitions used to define educational attainment were revised in 2006 (effective from 1 October 2005) and the new classification is described in more detailed at National figures: residents in 2008 aged cannot be identified by ISCED-level, and are not distributed on codes Reference date: 1 st October Domain 6.1 Climate/Geography Data source: Meterologisk institutt (Norwegian Meterorological Institute) Statistical base:. Domain 6.3 Water Statistical base: The waterworks registry (The Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) Assessment of accuracy: The figures are possibly too low. This is due to the fact that the registry does not include waterworks supplying less than 20 households, or 50 inhabitants, or water supply for single households. The registry includes data from waterworks that supply 4.1 million people of the total Norwegian population of 4.7 million. NIPH performs a data assessment. The data are compared with reports from previous years and similar waterworks. If the data seem to contain considerable errors, the waterworks will be contacted.. Domain 6.4 Waste Management Statistical base: KOSTRA (Municipality-State-Reporting a national information system that provides information on municipal and county municipal activities). KOSTRA is an annual full coverage survey including household waste only. The response rate was for the year per cent.data are controlled prior to sending by controls in the electronic questionnaire and control programs for file-extracts. Data are controlled for obvious errors and checked against country average and values for the previous year. Revision of reported data is in addition performed by Statistics Norway in cooperation with the municipalities. The reported data are adjusted for household waste mixed with waste from service industry and waste delivered directly from households to waste treatment plants. The amounts delivered directly are added, and waste from the service industries is excluded from the figures.. Domain 6.5 Land Use 12

13 Statistical base: Work in progress. Data for not accessible land use variables will be available Land use shall be modelled by using geographical information systems and a combination of digital maps and geo-referenced registers. Domain 7.1 Travel Patterns Journeys to work by transport mode Data source: Transport økonomisk institutt (The Institute of Transport Economics) Statistical base: The Norwegian national travel survey 2005 (telephone interviews). Observation unit is persons (all residents 13 years and older except institutionalised people). The sample size is Response rate is 50.6 percent and item non-response is overall low. Reference date journeys to work: 2005 Commuting Statistical base: The location of the work place is the address of the establishment, which is not always the same as the individual persons actual place of work. Employed persons without a permanent work place are registered at the work place municipality to which they belong for administrative purposes. This particularly applies to persons employed in the Construction and Transportation industry. Moreover, due to weaknesses in the basis of data, certain employed persons are only connected to the head office address. In summary, these factors consequently lead to a slight over-estimation in the statistics, of in-commuting to larger cities and regional centres. For persons for whom information on work place is missing, municipality of residence is entered for work place municipality. This mainly applies to persons employed in Defence, conscripts and some self-employed as well as to maritime personnel. This might cause some under-estimation of commuting for these groups. Commuting is not necessarily the same as daily journeys to work. Some people are weekly commuters, others are part-time employees, yet others work wholly or partly at home. Reference date: 1 st January 2009 Rest of the travel patterns variables (buses, transport network, private cars, motor cycles, road accidents) and IRIS Statistical base: Among others The National Road Database and Register of Vehicles from National Public Roads Administration. Data about road accidents are collected from Statistics Norway own Register of Road Traffic Accidents based on data from the Police. Domain 8.3 ICT sector 13

14 Statistical base: The Central Register of Establishments and Enterprises (CRE). The CRE is Statistics Norway's register of all enterprises (juridical units) and establishments in the private and public sector in Norway. Reference date: 2009 Domain 9.1 Culture and Recreation and IRIS Statistical base: Film og kino, Norwegian Archive, Library and Museum Authority, Norsk teater- og orkesterforening (Association of Norwegian Theatres and Orchestras) and the municipalities. Reference date: 2008, partly 2004 and 2007 Domain 9.2 Tourism Tourist overnight stays and available beds Statistical base: The Central Register of Establishment and Enterprises and postal questionnaires, data reported directly from the establishment's booking systems and Internet questionnaire. The statistics cover all hotels and similar establishments with a capacity of at least twenty beds. About 5 per cent of the establishments do not respond. For these establishments number of guest nights are calculated. These calculations are based on the assumption that nonrespondents have same utility of capacity for beds and rooms as the respondents within same strata (hotel and region). With knowledge about capacity for all non-respondents, the number of guest night can be calculated. Air passengers Data source: Avinor (owns and operates 46 airports in Norway and is responsible for air traffic control services in Norway). Avinor is fully owned by the Norwegian state. The ownership is controlled through the Ministry of transport and communication. Statistical base: Avinor produce statistics on air traffic from every airport in Norway. The figures of number of air passengers are collected from Avinor website. In 2008 the number of air passenger are no longer divided between arrival and departure 14

15 Missing variables The reason why Norway is missing data is that the data is not available in Statistics Norway or in the cities. Recommendations for improvements Statistics Norway has no comments to this headline. 15