REPORT POPULATION HEALTH DATA

Transcription

1 REPORT POPULATION HEALTH DATA HealthWest Catchment Brimbank, Hobsons Bay, Maribyrnong, Melton and Wyndham Updated 9th February

2 Contents Background 8 1. Population Demographics and Social Determinants of Health Total Population and Estimated Population Change Age and Gender Internal Migration Socio-Economic Indexes for Area (SEIFA) Income levels Household Income Individual income Superannuation and Investment Income Centrelink Benefit Recipients Household composition Education Highest year of school completed School Retention Destination of School Leavers Access to Government Schools Apprenticeship and Vocational Training Enrolments Early childhood Low Birthweight Babies Preschool participation Children in Low Income Families School Absent Days Child Abuse Substantiations Early Childhood Development Teenage pregnancies Personal and Community Safety Perceptions of Safety Crime Family Violence Food insecurity Gambling Overall gambling participation Electronic gaming machine (EGM) participation and expenditure Total EGM losses and losses per adult Total number of EGMs and density Housing Housing Stress Social housing Public housing waiting list Median Property Values and change Affordable lettings Median rent Homelessness Residential Aged Care High Level Aged Care Places Low Level Care Places Community Care Places Water and waste management Transport Commuting by place of residence or place of work Transport limitations 52 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 2 of 136

3 Access to Public Transport Rich and Vibrant Communities Indicators of Community Strength Healthy Literacy Health Literacy Levels Health Literacy and Education Health Literacy and Age Health literacy by migrant characteristics Comparison between literacy domains Access to Health Services Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities Country of birth Languages spoken Indigenous population Refugee Settlement Humanitarian Visas Workforce Unemployment rates Employment Labour force participation Sector participation Individual income Location of employment Health and Disease Life Expectancy & Mortality Life Expectancy at Birth Avoidable Deaths Selected avoidable mortality rates Diabetes Mental Health Prevalence of mental and behavioural problems Prevalence of mood (affective) problems Prevalence of high/very high psychological distress 82 Results from the VPHS indicate that, at the state level: Mental health service utilisation Deaths from suicide and self-inflicted injuries Cancer Prevalence of Cancer Incidence of cancer Violence Against Women Other Health Conditions Heart Disease Hypertension Stroke Oral Health Eye Health Asthma Selected Notifiable Conditions Blood Borne Diseases Enteric Diseases Sexually Transmissible Infections Vaccine Preventable Diseases Workplace Accidents HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 3 of 136

4 Injury claims by industry sector Injury claims by mechanism of injury Road accidents Fatalities Serious Injuries Avoidable deaths from road traffic accident injuries Disability Core activity need for assistance Type of disability Self-reported health status Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Health Behaviours Smoking Nutrition Alcohol & Other Drugs Physical Activity Obesity Sun protective behaviour Health Screening and Checks Bowel Cancer Screening Cervical Cancer Screening Breast Cancer Screening Other Health Checks 128 Data Sources 130 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 4 of 136

5 Tables Table A1: Estimated residential population at 30th June Table A2: Forecast population, , by LGA Table A3: Age by Gender by LGA Table A4: Population That Lived in the Same LGA 5 Years Ago (2011) Table A5: LGA of Residence 5 Years Ago - Brimbank and Hobsons Bay (2011) Table A6: LGA of Residence 5 Years Ago - Maribyrnong, Melton & Wyndham (2011) Table A7: IRSD scores and deciles for Metro Mlebourn LGAs (2011) Table A8: HealthWest Suburbs in Top 200 Most Disadvantaged in Victoria, Table A9: Median Individual Weekly Income, Table A10: Average Annual Investment/Superannuation & Annuity Income, Table A11: Age Pension and Carer Payment Recipients, June Table A12: NewStart Recipients, June Table A13: Disability Support Pension Recipients, June Table A14: Parenting Payment Recipients, June Table A15: Highest School Year Completed by Gender by LGA Table A16: School Retention indicators Table A17: School Retention Rates Year 10 to Year 12 ( ) Table A18: Youth Engagement (aged 15 to 19 years), Table A19: Destinations of 2012 Year 12 or Equivalent Completers Table A20: Destinations of 2012 Early School Leavers Table A21: Access to Government Schools by LGA, Table A22: Apprenticeship and Vocational Training Enrolments, Table A23: Low Birthweight Babies, Table A24: Preschool participation, Table A25: Welfare-dependent and other low income families with children Table A26: Average absent days by year and LGA, Table A27: Child abuse substantiations by LGA, 2008/ Table A28: AEDI Children Who Are Developmentally Vulnerable* (%), 2009 & Table A29: Immunisation rates by LGA, Table A30: Number of women aged 15 to 19 years who had a live birth, Table A31: Statistics on perceptions of safety by LGA, Table A32: Recorded offences by LGA, and Table A33: Recorded Family Incidents, and Table A34: Human intent injury cases admitted to EDs by sex & age, Table A35: Food Insecurity by sex and region, Table A36: Food Insecurity by frequency and region, Table A37: Food Insecurity by LGA, Table A38: Reasons for Food Insecurity, Table A39: Participation rates, major types of gambling, Table A40: Total EGM losses across the HealthWest catchment Table A41: Average EGM loss per adult over 18 years Table A42: Total no. of EGMs and number per 1,000 adults, January Table A43: Change in EGM entitlements across the HealthWest catchment Table A44: Housing Stress, Table A45: Occupied private dwellings that were government-owned rental dwellings, Table A46: Number of people on public housing waiting list, Dec Table A47: Median house and unit prices and change, 2006 to Table A48: Affordable lettings, 2008 & 2013* Table A49: Median rents by LGA, Table A50: Homelessness, Table A51: Population aged 70 years in high level residential aged care, June HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 5 of 136

6 Table A52: Population aged 70 years in low level care residential aged care, June Table A53: Population aged 70 yrs with Community Aged Care Packages, June Table A54: Recycling and waste generation by LGA Table A55: Public transport and journey to work by LGA, Table A56: People Who Experienced Transport Limitations in Last 12 Months (%), Table A57: Proportion of People Living Within 400 metres of Public Transport, Table A58: Participation in arts and cultural activities, Table A59: Indicators of Community Strength by LGA, Table A60: Volunteering, 2006 and Table A61. Access to Health Services by LGA, Table A62: Last visit to a doctor or GP by LGA, Table A63: Selected Public Hospital Performance Indicators, Jul-Sep Table A64: Average waiting time for dental Care (months), Table A65: Last visit to a dental health professional by LGA, Table B1: Country of Birth top 10 overseas birthplaces (%) Table B2: Top three languages other than English spoke at home, Table B3: Indigenous status by Age and Sex, by LGA Table B4: Humanitarian settlements Visas granted, Jan Table B5: Top 10 Countries of Birth for Humanitarian Migrant Stream, 01/01/06 to 31/12/ Table C1: Unemployment (smoothed)* Time Series, June Quarter 2009 to Table C2: Employment figures by LGA, 2006 and Table C3: Industry Employment for Males by LGA Table C4: Industry Employment for females by LGA Table C5: Average income by occupation, and Table D1: Avoidable Deaths* - All Causes, Table D2: Selected avoidable mortality rates* by LGA Table D3: Prevalence and incidence of diabetes by LGA, Table D4: Prevalence# of type 2 diabetes by LGA, Table D5: Population of people with mental and behavioural problems* by sex, Table D6: Lifetime prevalence# of depression and anxiety by sex and LGA, Table D7: Population with mood (affective) problems* by sex ( ) Table D8: High/Very High Level of Psychological Distress*, Table D9: Totally unable to work, study or manage day to day activities due to psychological distress# by LGA, Table D10: Cut down on work, study or day to day activities due to psychological distress# by LGA, Table D11: Visits to a health profession due to psychological distress# by LGA, Table D12: Physical ill health as main cause of psychological distress# by LGA, Table D13: Persons who sought professional help for a mental health problem, Table D14: Registered mental health clients per 1,000 population*, Table D15: Deaths from suicide & self-inflicted injuries, persons aged 0-74 yrs, Table D16: Prevalence of self-reported cancer by LGA, Table D17: Incidence of all new cancers, Table D18: Incidence of leading Victorian new cancers, Table D19: Prevalence of self-reported heart disease by LGA, Table D20: Prevalence of hypertension# by LGA, Table D21: Prevalence of stroke# by LGA, Table D22: Rate of DMFT by age group by LGA Table D23: Persons # who noticed a change in vision* in past 12 months, Table D24: Persons # who have ever consulted an eye care specialist or attended an eye clinic*, Table D25: Prevalence of current asthma* by LGA, Table D26: Blood Borne Disease Rates* by LGA, Table on following page HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 6 of 136

7 Table D27: Enteric disease rates* by LGA, Table D28: Sexually transmissible infection rates* by LGA, Table D29: STI distribution by gender, NWMR, Table D30: Vaccine preventable disease rates* by LGA, Table D31: Worksafe Injury claims by industry, July 2010 June Table D32: Worksafe Injury claims by mechanism of injury, July 2010 June Table D33: Road accident fatalities by LGA, Table D34: Road accident serious injuries by LGA, Table D35: Deaths from road traffic injuries (0-74 yrs) Table D36: Level of assistance needed for core activity by LGA, Table D37: Core activity Need for assistance by gender (2011) Table D38: Type of disability by sex by SLA (2009) Table D39: Self-reported health by sex, for NWMR and Victoria, Table D40: Self Reported Health Status, Table D41: ACSC Total Admission Rates* by LGA, 2012/ Table D42: Top ten individual ACSC Rates - Brimbank, Table D43: Top ten individual ACSC Rates Hobsons Bay, Table D44: Top ten individual ACSC Rates - Maribyrnong, Table D45: Top ten individual ACSC Rates - Melton, Table D46: Top ten individual ACSC Rates - Wyndham, Table D47: Smoking status by sex for NWMR and Victoria, Table D48: Smoking Status by LGA, Table D49: Daily vegetable consumption by sex for NWMR, Table D50: Daily Vegetable Consumption by LGA, Table D51: Daily fruit consumption, by sex for NWMR, Table D52: Daily Fruit consumption by LGA, Table D53: Recommended Daily Fruit & Vegetable Consumption by LGA, Table D54: Persons who consume sugar sweetened soft drink daily, Table D55: Quantity of sugar sweetened soft drink consumed daily*, Table D56: Mean daily water intake by LGA, Table D57: Short-term & Long-term risk of alcohol related harm by sex, for NWMR, Table D58: Short Term & Long Term risk of alcohol related harm by LGA, Table D59: Rates of alcohol related problems by LGA Table D60: Alcohol related ambulance attendances, & Table D61: Proportion of avoidable deaths caused by alcohol, Table D62: Heroin related ambulance attendances, / Table D63: All drug related ambulance attendances and Table D64: Levels of physical activity, NWMR, Table D65: Levels of physical activity by LGA, Table D66: Types of physical activity undertaken in the previous week by LGA, Table D67: Occupational physical activity by LGA, Table D68: Overweight and obese persons by gender, Table D69: Sun protective behaviour, 18 years and over, Table D70: Faecal occult blood test (FOBT) by LGA (a), Table D71: Had a Pap Smear in the past two years, & Table D72: Had a mammogram in past two years (a), females aged yrs, Table D73: Self-reported health checks in last two years by LGA, HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 7 of 136

8 Background HealthWest Partnership is the alliance of two Primary Care Partnerships (PCPs) which provides member organisations with a strategic link for health planning in the western suburbs of Melbourne. The HealthWest catchment includes the local government areas (LGAs) are Brimbank, Hobsons Bay, Maribyrnong, Melton and Wyndham. For more information about HealthWest Partnership, visit The purpose of this report is to provide a synopsis of population health data and to create an overall picture of the HealthWest catchment. The report will assist in: catchment planning across the continuum of care; planning for PCP program areas; member organisation planning; and other services/sectors planning in the region. Key Findings for the West The 5 LGAs in the HealthWest catchment have large populations of people, with rapid growth. The LGAs of Wyndham and Melton are experiencing the fastest municipality growth in Australia. The western local government areas have some of the lowest Socio-Economic Indexes for Area (SEIFA) rankings in Melbourne and Victoria. This is a significant issue as higher levels of disadvantage are associated with poorer health outcomes for communities. The communities of the west are culturally diverse, and there are a number of new and emerging communities. There are therefore particular health and social issues that need to be considered for these communities including issues relating to access to economic resources, health and community services, trauma and torture, and discrimination. The above considerations impact on the ability of communities to achieve improved health outcomes; this needs to influences the way services and programs are delivered to ensure they respond to the needs of communities in the west. Data Considerations The population data is the most current information that can be accessed and is available. The information is obtained from viable data resources. All data is provided at the LGA level if possible. Data may be provided at the regional level, where LGA data is not available, and as a comparison point. The HealthWest catchment falls into the North and West Metropolitan Region (NWMR). HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 8 of 136

9 Comparisons with Victorian, NWMR and metropolitan Melbourne are provided, where available. ABS data is collated as Usual Residence Data. This population is derived from the Census. It is the place where a person usually lives, rather than the place where they were counted on Census night. Each person completing the Census is required to state their address of usual residence and this information is used to derive the Usual Residence population (Australian Bureau of Statistics). The Victorian Government's Department of Health has advised htat, due to small sample sizes, the results of the 2008 and Victorian Population Health Survey cannot be compared to each other. When Usual Residence Data can not be accessed, Enumerated Data is used and stated within the information. The enumerated data represents where people were counted on Census Night (8 August 2006), which may not be where they usually live. This population figure generally includes overseas visitors and visitors to the area from within Australia, but excludes Australians overseas (Australian Bureau of Statistics). Census 2011 data will be released in phases in Census data has been updated where available. There may still be a handful of 2006 Census data sources which will be updated in future. Population forecasts have been taken from forecast.id. forecast.id uses the 2006 Census data as a base for their current population figures and then applies a modelling approach based on local assumptions such as demographic change, policy environment and urban development drivers. This results in population and household statistics until Local councils in the HealthWest catchment recommended using forecast.id data rather than ABS forecasts or the Department of Planning and Community Development s Victoria in Future 2008 as it was perceived as a more accurate assessment. Women s HealthWest has produced Women in Melbourne s West: A data book for program and service planning in health which has a specific focus on females. More in-depth gambling data can be found in the Problem Gambling: Data to Support Health Promotion Planning, available on the HealthWest website. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 9 of 136

10 Population Health Data Local government areas: Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 10 of 136

11 1. Population Demographics and Social Determinants of Health 1.1 Total Population and Estimated Population Change Table A1: Estimated residential population at 30th June LGA June 2006 June 2011 (persons) Brimbank 176, ,735 Hobsons Bay 84,759 83,863 Maribyrnong 66,183 71,635 Melton 81, ,259 Wyndham 116, ,575 Community Profiles, ABS 2011, accessed June 2012 Table A2: Forecast population, , by LGA LGA Brimbank 190, , , , , ,547 Hobsons Bay 87,050 90,224 93,718 98, ,083 na Maribyrnong 73,620 83,170 91,706 98, ,403 na Melton 108, , , , ,703 na Wyndham 172, , , , ,676 na forecast.id, accessed December 2011 In 2036, the population of the City of Brimbank is forecast to be 209,547, an increase of 33,541 persons (19.06%) from This represents an average annual growth rate of 0.58%. In 2031, the population of the City of Hobsons Bay is forecast to be100,083, an increase of 15,324 persons (18.08%) from This represents an average annual growth rate of 0.67%. In 2031, the population of the City of Maribyrnong is forecast to be104,403, an increase of 38,221 persons (57.75%) from This represents an average annual growth rate of 1.84%. In 2031, the population of the Shire of Melton is forecast to be226,703, an increase of 145,289 persons (178.46%) from This represents an average annual growth rate of 4.18%. In 2031, the population of the City of Wyndham is forecast to be 334,676, an increase of 218,346 persons (187.70%) from This represents an average annual growth rate of 4.32%. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 11 of 136

12 1.2 Age and Gender Table A3 looks at the population profile in terms of age and gender. Table A3: Age by Gender by LGA. Age (yrs) Gender Brimbank Hobsons Bay 0-4 Males Females Male Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females TOTAL Males 91,343 41,619 Females 91,392 42, Census of Population and Housing, ABS, 2012 Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham ,241 71, ,266 54, ,581 80, Internal Migration In 2011, Brimbank and Hobsons Bay had relatively low population turnover, with at least 85% of their populations having lived in the same LGA five years ago. Brimbank (88%) had the highest proportion of population that had lived in the same LGA five years ago, while Melton (74%) had the lowest. Migration data for indicates a heavy preponderance of internal migration from nearby LGAs. Table A4: Population That Lived in the Same LGA 5 Years Ago (2011) Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham 88% 85% 76% 74% 78% 2011 Census of Population and Housing, ABS 2012 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 12 of 136

13 Table A5: LGA of Residence 5 Years Ago - Brimbank and Hobsons Bay (2011) Brimbank Hobsons Bay Brimbank 88.1% Hobsons Bay 84.8% Maribyrnong 2.1% Maribyrnong 2.3% Melton 1.5% Wyndham 2.1% Moonee Valley 1.4% Port Phillip 1.1% Hume 0.8% Brimbank 1.0% Moreland 0.7% Melbourne 0.7% Hobsons Bay 0.6% Moonee Valley 0.6% Wyndham 0.4% Moreland 0.6% Darebin 0.4% Melton 0.4% Melbourne 0.3% Boroondara 0.4% Yarra 0.3% Yarra 0.4% 2011 Census of Population and Housing, ABS 2012 Table A6: LGA of Residence 5 Years Ago - Maribyrnong, Melton & Wyndham (2011) Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Maribyrnong 75.6% Melton 74.1% Wyndham 77.6% Brimbank 3.3% Brimbank 11.8% Hobsons Bay 5.3% Melbourne 2.3% Hume 1.6% Brimbank 2.1% Moonee Valley 2.3% Moonee Valley 1.4% Maribyrnong 1.6% Hobsons Bay 1.7% Wyndham 1.3% Greater Geelong 0.9% Port Phillip 1.6% Moreland 1.0% Melbourne 0.9% Yarra 1.4% Maribyrnong 0.9% Melton 0.8% Moreland 1.3% Moorabool 0.7% Moreland 0.8% Wyndham 0.9% Hobsons Bay 0.6% Moonee Valley 0.7% Boroondara 0.7% Darebin 0.5% Glen Eira 0.6% Stonnington 0.7% Whittlesea 0.5% Port Phillip 0.6% 2011 Census of Population and Housing, ABS Socio-Economic Indexes for Area (SEIFA) The SEIFA Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage (IRSD) is derived from Census variables related to disadvantage, such as low income, low educational attainment, unemployment, and dwellings without motor vehicles. It is a useful tool to compare the disadvantage experienced within geographic areas. A low IRSD score indicates a high level of relative socio-economic disadvantage, while a high score indicates a low level of relative socio-economic disadvantage. In 2011, among the 31 metropolitan Melbourne LGAs, Brimbank had the second lowest IRSD score, indicating it has a very high level of relative socio-economic disadvantage. Brimbank was also in the first (lowest) decile of all Victorian LGAs. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 13 of 136

14 Maribyrnong had the fourth lowest IRSD score of all metropolitan Melbourne LGAs and its score was situated in the third decile of all Victorian LGAs. Hobsons Bay and Melton had the same IRSD score and Wyndham had a slightly higher score. All three LGA scores were situated in the seventh decile of all Victorian LGAs, indicating that they have a lower than average level of relative socio-economic disadvantage. Compared to the other metropolitan Melbourne LGAs - many of which have very high IRSD scores - Hobsons Bay, Melton and Wyndham were ranked 9th, 10th and 12th out of 31. Note: SEIFA 2011 uses a changed methodology. For this reason, comparison with 2006 SEIFA data is not possible and conclusions should not be drawn from comparison with 2006 data. Table A7: IRSD scores and deciles for Metro Mlebourn LGAs (2011) Melbourne Statistical Division Local LGAs (ranked from most to least disadvantaged) 2011 SEIFA Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage (IRSD) State Decile Greater Dandenong (C) Brimbank (C) Hume (C) Maribyrnong (C) Whittlesea (C) Darebin (C) Frankston (C) Moreland (C) Hobsons Bay (C) Melton (S) Casey (C) Wyndham (C) Yarra (C) Mornington Peninsula (S) Cardinia (S) Melbourne (C) Moonee Valley (C) Yarra Ranges (S) Kingston (C) Maroondah (C) Monash (C) Banyule (C) Knox (C) Whitehorse (C) Port Phillip (C) Glen Eira (C) Manningham (C) Stonnington (C) Bayside (C) Boroondara (C) Nillumbik (S) Socio-Economic Index for Areas, ABS, 2013 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 14 of 136

15 The SEIFA IRSD scores are also available at the state suburb geographic level. Please refer to the ABS website for more information on state suburb geographic boundaries. Table A8 shows the suburbs in HealthWest catchment that rank within the top 200 most disadvantaged suburbs in Victoria. Table A8: HealthWest Suburbs in Top 200 Most Disadvantaged in Victoria, 2011 Suburb LGA State rank* Score State Decile Laverton North Wyndham Braybrook Maribyrnong St Albans Brimbank Sunshine North Sunshine West Ardeer Laverton Hobsons Bay Albanvale Brimbank Albion Melton South Melton Melton Melton Altona North Hobsons Bay Sunshine Brimbank Rockbank Melton Deer Park Brimbank Delahey Maidstone Maribyrnong Footscray Brooklyn Brimbank Socio-Economic Index for Areas, ABS, 2013 *Out of all state suburbs in Victoria The following seven figures illustrate the geographic distribution of IRSD score deciles across the five LGAs in the HealthWest catchment, highlighting the patterns of relative socio-economic disadvantage. Mapping does not provide LGA and states suburb labels. Mapping for IRSD scores and other SEIFA indexes can be downloaded from the SEIFA 2011 page on the ABS website, and is displayed through Google Earth. The Google Earth mapping provides detailed interactive information at different geographic levels. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 15 of 136

16 HealthWest Catchment LGA IRSD Score Deciles Melton Brimbank Maribyrnong Wyndham Hobsons Bay SEIFA 2011, ABS 2013 (mapping via Google Earth) - accessed on ABS website March HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 16 of 136

17 Brimbank IRSD Score Deciles SEIFA 2011, ABS 2013 (mapping via Google Earth) - accessed on ABS website March Hobsons Bay IRSD Score Deciles SEIFA 2011, ABS 2013 (mapping via Google Earth) - accessed on ABS website March HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 17 of 136

18 Maribyrnong IRSD Score Deciles SEIFA 2011, ABS 2013 (mapping via Google Earth) - accessed on ABS website March Melton IRSD Score Deciles SEIFA 2011, ABS 2013 (mapping via Google Earth) - accessed on ABS website March HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 18 of 136

19 Melton IRSD Score Deciles SEIFA 2011, ABS 2013 (mapping via Google Earth) - accessed on ABS website March Metropolitan Melbourne state suburb IRSD Score Deciles SEIFA 2011, ABS 2013 (mapping via Google Earth) - accessed on ABS website March HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 19 of 136

20 1.5 Income levels Household Income Income levels are the gross amounts (including salary, allowance, benefits from the government and other income) received per week by each person aged 15 years and over within the household. Household gross weekly incomes for the catchment of HealthWest and Victoria are shown below in figure A1. Maribyrnong has the highest proportion of households that earn less than $400 per week. Brimbank has the highest proportion of household s that earn $400- $1500 weekly. Of those that earned $1500 and over, Wyndham had the most households, with just over 40% of its residents within this range. Figure A1: Household income (gross weekly) Census of Population and Housing, ABS, Individual income In 2011, the Brimbank population had the lowest median individual weekly income ($429) in the HealthWest catchment followed by Melton ($577) then Hobsons Bay ($582). All three LGAs had lower median individual weekly incomes compared to the Greater Melbourne average. The Wyndham population had the highest median individual weekly income ($635) in the HealthWest catchment, while Maribyrnong ($610) had the second highest. Both LGAs had higher median individual weekly incomes compared to the Greater Melbourne and Victorian average. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 20 of 136

21 Table A9: Median Individual Weekly Income, 2011 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Greater Melbourne Victoria $429 $582 $610 $577 $635 $591 $ Census of Population and Housing, Basic Community Profiles, ABS, 2012 Average income data by occupation can be found in Table C5 in the Employment section Superannuation and Investment Income In 2010, those residents of the HealthWest catchment who received any income from investments had much lower average returns than the Greater Melbourne and Victoria average figures. Within the catchment Melton had the lowest average investment income and Hobsons Bay had the highest, approximately double the return of the other LGAs. Those residents of the HealthWest catchment who received any income from superannuation and annuities received slightly lower average returns than the Greater Melbourne and Victoria figures. Within the catchment returns were at similar levels, with Melton having the lowest average and Maribyrnong the highest. Table A10: Average Annual Investment/Superannuation & Annuity Income, 2010 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Greater Melbourne Victoria Average investment income* $3,808 $6,026 $3,832 $2,860 $2,969 $9,345 $8,758 No. of investment earners 48,223 29,353 22,546 26,863 45,096 1,473,673 1,945,681 Average superannuation and annuity income* No. of superannuation and annuity earners $18,592 $19,329 $18,870 $18,371 $19,033 $20,863 $20,264 1,650 1, ,077 1,929 62,632 87,047 ABS National Regional Profiles 2011, ABS 2013 * Average figure for persons receiving any income from investment/superannuation. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 21 of 136

22 1.5.4 Centrelink Benefit Recipients In 2012, Brimbank, Maribyrnong and Wyndham had a much higher proportion of Age Pension recipients than the Victoria average. Melton had a similar proportion to the Victorian average and Hobsons Bay had a much lower proportion. Compared to the state average, Brimbank had a much higher proportion (almost double) of population receiving the Carer Payment, while Melton had a slightly higher proportion. Hobsons Bay, Maribyrnong and Wyndham all had lower proportions. Not including various payment variances for each benefit type, payments generally range from approximately $250 per week for a single person with no dependents on the NewStart allowance, to $375 per week for a single person receiving the Age Pension, Disability Support Payment, Single Parenting Payment or Carer Payment. Table A11: Age Pension and Carer Payment Recipients, June 2012 Age Pension Carer Payment No Total % No Total % population aged 64 years population aged years Brimbank 18,325 20, % 3, , % Hobsons Bay 6,507 11, % , % Maribyrnong 6,094 7, % , % Melton 5,252 7, % 1,148 75, % Wyndham 8,970 10, % 1, , % Victoria 564, , % 51,942 3,593, % Centrelink ADH (105) - Payment by Local Government Area - As At 29 June 2012 In 2012, all HealthWest catchment LGAs had a higher proportion of population receiving the NewStart benefit compared to the Victorian average (4.2%). Brimbank (7.3%) and Maribyrnong (6.0%) had a markedly higher proportion, while Hobsons Bay, Wyndham (both 4.7%) and Melton (4.5%) had a slightly higher proportion. Table A12: NewStart Recipients, June 2012 No Total 21 to 64 years % Brimbank 8, , % Hobsons Bay 2,395 51, % Maribyrnong 2,905 48, % Melton 2,998 66, % Wyndham 4,638 99, % Victoria 132,695 3,175, % Centrelink ADH (105) - Payment by Local Government Area - As At 29 June 2012 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 22 of 136

23 Compared to the Victorian average (5.6%), Brimbank (6.3%) had a higher proportion of population receiving the Disability Support Pension. All other HealthWest catchment LGAs had a lower proportion, with Hobsons Bay and Wyndham having particularly low rates. Table A13: Disability Support Pension Recipients, June 2012 No Total 15 to 64 years % Brimbank 8, , % Hobsons Bay 2,137 56, % Maribyrnong 2,902 52, % Melton 3,460 75, % Wyndham 4, , % Victoria 200,747 3,593, % Centrelink ADH (105) - Payment by Local Government Area - As At 29 June 2012 The proportion of residents receiving the Single Parenting Payment was equal to or higher than the state average (1.8%) across all five HealthWest LGAs. Within the catchment, Melton (3.2%) had the highest rate, followed by Brimbank (3.1%) then Wyndham (2.8%). The proportion of residents receiving the Partnered Parenting Payment was higher than the state average (0.8%) across all five HealthWest LGAs except Hobsons Bay (0.8%). Within the catchment, Brimbank had the highest rate (1.4%), followed by Melton and Wyndham (both 1.2%). Table A14: Parenting Payment Recipients, June 2012 Single Parent No Total years Partnered Parent % % No Total years Brimbank 3, , % 1, , % Hobsons Bay 1,027 56, % , % Maribyrnong , % , % Melton 2,374 75, % , % Wyndham 3, , % 1, , % Victoria 62,923 3,593, % ,593, % Centrelink ADH (105) - Payment by Local Government Area - As At 29 June 2012 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 23 of 136

24 1.6 Household composition Household composition relates to the structure of families in 2011, taking into consideration couples, children, single parents and other. Figure A2 below indicates that Melton and Wyndham have the greatest percentage of couple families with children. Maribyrnong had the greatest percentages of couple families without children and other families. Brimbank has the highest proportion of one parent families. Figure A2: Family Characteristics 2011 Census of Population and Housing, ABS, Education Highest year of school completed Table A15 shows the data for the highest year of school completed, applicable to persons aged 15 years and over who are no longer attending primary or secondary school. This does not account for highest education attainment within the tertiary and VET sector. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 24 of 136

25 Table A15: Highest School Year Completed by Gender by LGA. Highest school year completed Gender Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Year 12 or equivalent Year 11 or equivalent Year 10 or equivalent Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons 35,054 (50.1%) 34,964 (49.3%) 70,018 (49.7%) 8,007 (11.4%) 7,008 (9.9%) 15,095 (10.7%) 9,743 (13.9%) 8,820 (12.4%) 18,563 (13.2%) (51.4%) (53.0%) (52.0%) 4194 (13.0%) 3822 (11.4%) 8016 (12.0%) 4977 (15.4%) 4324 (13.0%) 9301 (14.0%) (61.0%) (62.2%) (61.5%) 2440 (8.3%) 2028 (7.1%) 4468 (7.7%) 2772 (9.4%) 2268 (7.9%) 5040 (8.7%) (45.5%) (52.0%) (48.8%) 5999 (15.5%) 5295 (13.3%) (14.4%) 7446 (19.3%) 6511 (16.4%) (17.8%) (50.8%) (55.0%) (52.9%) 8218 (14.2%) 7906 (13.3%) (13.8%) (17.8%) 9145 (15.4%) (16.6%) Year 9 or equivalent Males Females Persons 4,207 (6.0%) 4,192 (5.9%) 8,399 (6.0%) 2095 (6.5%) 2157 (6.4%) 4252 (6.5%) 1185 (4.0%) 1253 (4.4%) 2438 (4.2%) 3120 (8.1%) 2732 (6.9%) 5852 (7.5%) 4003 (6.9%) 3815 (6.3%) 7818 (6.7%) Year 8 or below Males Females Persons 7,118 (10.2%) 9,074 (12.8%) 16,192 (11.5%) 2527 (7.8%) 3194 (9.5%) 5721 (8.7%) 1862 (6.3%) 2535 (8.9%) 4397 (7.6%) 2169 (5.6%) 2537 (6.4%) 4706 (6.0%) 2984 (5.1%) 3624 (6.1%) 6608 (5.6%) Did not go to school Not stated Total persons in count Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons 1,717 (2.5%) 2,584 (3.6%) 4,301 (3.1%) 7,451 (10.7%) 7,343 (10.4%) 14,794 (10.5%) 69,958 70, , (1.3%) 602 (1.8%) 1033 (1.6%) 2844 (8.8%) 2876 (8.6%) 5720 (8.7%) 32,384 33,487 65, (1.7%) 776 (2.7%) 1264 (2.2%) 3595 (12.2%) 2778 (9.7%) 6373 (11.0%) 29,397 28,545 57, (1.0%) 446 (1.1%) 817 (1.0%) 3671 (9.5%) 3372 (8.5%) 7043 (9.0%) 38,599 39,751 78, (0.8%) 652 (1.1%) 1079 (0.9%) 5278 (9.1%) 4426 (7.5%) 9704 (8.3%) 57,973 59, , Census of Population and Housing, ABS, 2012 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 25 of 136

26 1.7.2 School Retention In 2011, compared to Victoria, Wyndham and Melton residents aged 17 years were less likely to still be attending secondary school and were more likely to not be attending any educational institution. Within the HealthWest catchment, Melton residents aged 17 years were least likely to still be attending secondary school and most likely to be not attending any educational institution. Year 10 to 12 apparent retention rates for government schools in the Western Metropolitan Region indicate a much lower rate of retention compared to the Northern Metropolitan Region. Tables A16 and A17 show the data related to school retention. Table A16: School Retention indicators Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR Victorian People aged 17 years still Attending Secondary School, 2011 (%) People aged 17 years Not Attending Any Educational Institution, 2011 (%) ABS, Source: Community Indicators Victoria, accessed January 2013 Table A17: School Retention Rates Year 10 to Year 12 ( ) Western Metro Region (%) Northern Metro Region (%) Victoria (%) Government Government All Year Gov't Catholic Independent Schools Schools Schools Persons * Persons * Persons * Persons Persons Persons na na Persons na na Male na na Female Summary Statistics Victorian Schools, February 2012 and February 2013, DEECD 2013 * Totals over 100% indicate a high rate of transfer of students into the independent education system in Years 11 and 12 from government or catholic schools, resulting in more students enroled in Year 12 than the number who were enrolled in Year 10. Note: DEECD does not publish LGA level retention figures as they are unreliable due to numerous factors influencing local retention figures (such as location of schools within and across LGA boundaries). HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 26 of 136

27 1.7.3 Destination of School Leavers In 2011, compared to Victoria, Wyndham, Melton and Hobsons Bay residents aged 15 to 19 years were less likely to be fully engaged in work or study. Within the HealthWest catchment, Melton had the lowest rate, followed by Wyndham; while Maribyrnong and Brimbank had the highest rates of engagement. Compared to Victoria, in 2011, Wyndham and Melton had a higher proportion of population aged 15 to 19 years that was working full-time. Within the HealthWest catchment, Melton had the highest rate and Maribyrnong had the lowest. Compared to Victoria, Maribyrnong, Brimbank and Hobsons Bay had a higher proportion of population aged 15 to 19 years that was studying full-time at a non-school institution. Within the catchment, Maribyrnong had the highest rate and Melton had the lowest. Table A18 shows the data related to destination of school leavers. Table A18: Youth Engagement (aged 15 to 19 years), 2011 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria Working full-time and studying part-time % Working part-time and studying part-time % Working part-time and studying full-time % Working full-time (not studying) % Studying full-time (not working) % Working full-time and studying full-time % Fully engaged % ABS National Regional Profiles 2011, ABS 2013 The On Track survey, completed annually by DEECD, charts the activity of school leavers in the year after they left school. In 2013 the proportion of Year 12 completers who went on to University in the year after they left school was lower than the Victoria average in Brimbank, Melton and Wyndham; while it was higher in Hobsons Bay and in Maribyrnong. Note that On Track survey data is based on the location of the school and not place of residence of the student. Except for Melton, HealthWest catchment LGAs had a lower proportion of Year 12 completers who went on to full-time employment compared to the state average. Except for Melton and Hobsons Bay, HealthWest catchment LGAs had a lower proportion of Year 12 completers who on to part-time employment compared to the state average. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 27 of 136

28 Year 12 completers from Melton were also notably more likely than the state average or the other HealthWest LGAs to go on to an apprenticeship or traineeship. Brimbank Year 12 completers were most likely to be not engaged in work or study (NILFET). Table A19: Destinations of 2012 Year 12 or Equivalent Completers Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria Destination % % % % % % University VET Cert IV VET Entry Level Apprentice Trainee Employed Full Time Employed Part Time Looking for work NILFET Unknown The On Track Survey 2013, DEECD Completers who deferred a place at university or TAFE have been allocated to their labour market destinations. 2. NILFET is not in the labour force, education or training. 3. Survey results based on completed responses by approximately 75% of all Year 12 completers. On Track 2012 survey results for young people who left school before completing Year 12 indicates that, compared to state averages, Brimbank and Wyndham had a notably higher proportion of early school leavers who were looking for work; and had a higher proportion that went on to VET study. All HealthWest LGAs had a higher proportion of early school leavers who went on to part-time employment. Melton and Maribyrnong had a higher proportion of early school leavers that went on to full-time employment, compared to the state average. Hobsons Bay was the only HealthWest LGA that had a higher than state average proportion of early school leavers that went on to traineeships; while only Melton had a higher than average proportion that went on to an apprenticeship. All LGAs, except Melton, had a higher than average proportion of early school leavers that went on to VET entry level or VET Cert IV or higher level. Note: Due to the nature of early departure from school, the On Track survey is much less effective in gathering data on early school leavers, with capture rates typically 30% or lower. This can result in very small sample sizes (ie Hobsons Bay). It is also possible that the portion of early school leavers who complete the survey may be among the more motivated and organised in their population, and may therefore be predisposed to more positive outcomes. All On Track data for early school leavers should be interpreted with caution. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 28 of 136

29 Table A20: Destinations of 2012 Early School Leavers Brimbank Hobsons Bay* Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria Destination % % % % % % University VET Cert IV VET Entry Level Apprentice Trainee Employed Full Time Employed Part Time Looking for work NILFET Unknown The On Track Survey 2013, DEECD NILFET is not in the labour force, education or training. 2. Survey results based on completed responses by approximately 30% of all early school leavers. *Data for Hobsons Bay is drawn from a small sample size and should be interpreted with caution Access to Government Schools Compared with the Victorian average, there were less government primary schools per 1000 children in all the LGAs in the HealthWest catchment. The lower number of primary schools per 1000 children was in Wyndham. Compared with the Victorian average, there were less government secondary schools per 1000 children in Brimbank and Melton. When comparing the average distance to schools, comparisons are made with the NWMR figures considering the Victorian average will be higher due to the inclusion of rural and regional areas. Compared with the NWMR average, there was a greater average distance to the nearest government primary school in Wyndham, Melton and Brimbank with the highest average distance in Wynhdam. Hobsons Bay was the only LGA with a higher average distance to the nearest government secondary schools when compared with the NWMR. Table A21 shows the data for access to government schools. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 29 of 136

30 Table A21: Access to Government Schools by LGA, 2012 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR Victorian Number of Government Primary Schools* per 1000 children aged 5-12 years Number of Government Secondary Schools* per 1000 children aged years Average Distance to Nearest Government Primary School* (km) Average Distance to Nearest Government Secondary School* (km) Department of Education & Early Childhood Development, Source: Community Indicators Victoria, accessed January 2013 * figures include prep to year 12 schools Apprenticeship and Vocational Training Enrolments In 2006, compared to Victoria, Wyndham, Melton, Hobsons Bay and Brimbank had a lower rate of population aged 25 to 64 years that were enrolled in vocational education and training. Within the HealthWest catchment, Melton had the lowest rate, followed by Hobsons Bay; while Maribyrnong had the highest rate. Table A22 shows the data for apprenticeship and vocational training enrolments. Table A22: Apprenticeship and Vocational Training Enrolments, 2006 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR Victorian People Aged Years Enrolled in Vocational Education and Training per 100 population (at June 2006) ABS, Source: Community Indicators Victoria, accessed December 2011 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 30 of 136

31 1.8 Early childhood Low Birthweight Babies Between 2006 and 2008, compared to the Victoria and Metropolitan Melbourne average, all HealthWest catchment LGAs had a higher percentage of births that were low birthweight. Within the catchment, Hobsons Bay had the highest percentage, followed by Melton. Table A23 shows the data on low birthweight babies. Table A23: Low Birthweight Babies, Low birthweight* All births babies % low birthweight* babies Brimbank (C) 557 8, Hobsons Bay (C) 294 3, Maribyrnong (C) 245 3, Melton (S) 325 4, Wyndham (C) 454 6, Metro Melbourne 10, , Victoria 13, , Social Health Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, 2011 * The data includes babies (both live born and still-born) weighing less than 2500 grams at birth Preschool participation In 2009, compared to the Victorian average figure, Brimbank, Maribyrnong, Melton and Wyndham had lower preschool participation rates. Within the HealthWest catchment, Melton had the lowest participation rate, followed by Maribyrnong. Table A14 shows the data for preschool participation. Table A24: Preschool participation, 2009 Children enrolled in first year of kindergarten 3 year old population at 30 June in previous year Kindergarten participation rate (%) Brimbank 2,097 2, Hobsons Bay 989 1, Maribyrnong Melton 1,401 1, Wyndham , Victoria 59,740 64, Early Childhood Community Profiles, Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD), Children in Low Income Families In 2009, compared to the Victorian and Metropolitan Melbourne average, Brimbank, Maribyrnong, Melton and Wyndham had a higher proportion of families that were welfare-dependent or who were other low income families. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 31 of 136

32 Within the HealthWest catchment, Melton, closely followed by Brimbank, had the highest proportion of welfare dependent or other low income families. Hobsons Bay had the lowest proportion. Table A25 shows the data on welfare-dependent and low income families with children. Table A25: Welfare-dependent and other low income families with children Welfaredependent and other low income families Total families % welfare dependent and other low income families Brimbank (C) 6,725 45, Hobsons Bay (C) 1,915 21, Maribyrnong (C) 1,963 15, Melton (S) 3,257 21, Wyndham (C) 4,041 30, Metro Melbourne 80, , Victoria 116,829 1,294, Social Health Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, School Absent Days In 2009, compared to the Victorian average figures, Melton and Wyndham had a significantly higher number of average absent days from school in years Prep through to 12. Wyndham had particularly high absenteeism figures for all secondary school years and these were the highest in the HealthWest catchment. Excluding Maribyrnong, the HealthWest catchment LGAs had higher average absent day figures for Prep through to Year 3. Table A26 shows the data on school absent days. Table A26: Average absent days by year and LGA, 2009 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Prep Year Year Year 3 na na na na na na Year 4 na na na na na na Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Early Childhood Community Profiles and Adolescent Community Profiles, DEECD, 2010 Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 32 of 136

33 1.8.5 Child Abuse Substantiations In 2008/09, compared to Victoria, all HealthWest catchment LGAs had a lower rate of child abuse substantiations per 1000 children aged 0 to 8 years, see Table A27. Please refer to the Early Childhood Community Profiles on the DEECD website ( for further important details concerning this indicator. Table A27: Child abuse substantiations by LGA, 2008/09 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria No. Rate * No. Rate * No. Rate * No. Rate * No. Rate * Rate * Early Childhood Community Profiles, DEECD, 2010 * Rate is per 1000 estimated resident population aged 0 to 8 years. Preliminary population figures were used for this calculation Early Childhood Development The Australian Early Development Index (AEDI) is a national collection of information on young children s development. Data is collected every three years and the results provide a snapshot of how children are developing. The index measures five areas (or domains ) of early childhood development during the first year of primary school: physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills and, communication skills and general knowledge. These five domains are closely linked to the predictors of good adult health, education and social outcomes. Children who fall into the lowest ten percent of a domain are considered developmentally vulnerable In 2012, compared to state averages, Brimbank and Wyndham had a higher proportion of children classified as developmentally vulnerable across all five domains. Melton had a higher proportion across four of the five domains; while Hobsons Bay had a higher proportion across three and Maribyrnong had a higher proportion for one only. The AEDI results can be meaningfully compared between 2009 and 2012 for any of the five AEDI domains and for either of the two summary indicators. However, it is important to be cautious when interpreting change as there is always a degree of uncertainty associated with estimating the vulnerability rate of children. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 33 of 136

34 Table A28: AEDI Children Who Are Developmentally Vulnerable* (%), 2009 & 2012 AEDI Domain 1. Physical health and wellbeing 2. Social competence 3. Emotional maturity 4. Language and cognitive skills 5. Communication skills and general knowledge Developmentally vulnerable on one or more domains Developmentally vulnerable on two or more domains AEDI Community Profiles and 2012 Immunisation rates Year Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham * Children at or below the 10th percentile of the State In March 2012, compared to the Victorian averages, Maribyrnong had a lower percentage of children who had been immunised at any of the three immunisation age stages. Brimbank and Melton had lower immunisation rates for the 12-<15 and 24-<27 months age stages and Hobsons Bay had lower rates for the month age stage. Wyndham had a lower rate for children aged the 24-<27 months. Within the HealthWest catchment, Maribyrnong had the lowest immunisation rate for children aged 12-<15 months and 60-<63 months while Brimbank had the lowest immunisation rate for children aged 24-<27 months. Table A29 shows data on immunisation rates. Table A29: Immunisation rates by LGA, <15 Months 24-<27 Months 60-<63 Months % % % Brimbank (C) Hobsons Bay (C) Maribyrnong (C) Melton (S) Wyndham (C) NWMR Victoria Australian Childhood Immunisation Register - Coverage Report, March 2012 Victoria HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 34 of 136

35 1.8.8 Teenage pregnancies Between 2004 and 2008, compared to the state average, Maribyrnong, Melton and Wyndham had a higher rate of teenage (15 19 years) births. Within the HealthWest catchment, Melton had the highest rate, followed by Maribyrnong, while Brimbank had the lowest. Table A30 shows data on teenage pregnancies. Table A30: Number of women aged 15 to 19 years who had a live birth, Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria No. Rate * No. Rate * No. Rate * No. Rate * No. Rate * Rate * Adolescent Community Profiles, DEECD, 2010 * Rate per 1000 women. 1.9 Personal and Community Safety Perceptions of Safety According to the 2011 VicHealth Indicators survey, respondents in all LGAs had lower perceptions of safety in all indicators when compared with the state average, with the exception of Hobsons Bay in one indicator. Perceptions of safety were lowest in Brimbank out of the LGAs in the HealthWest catchment, with particularly low proportions of participants indicating a perception of safety while walking alone in the local area at night. Table A31 shows data on perception of safety. Table A31: Statistics on perceptions of safety by LGA, 2011 Perceptions of Safety Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR Victoria % People Who Feel Safe or Very Safe When at Home Alone During the Day % People Who Feel Safe or Very Safe When at Home Alone at Night % People Who Feel Safe or Very Safe Walking Alone in Local Area During the Day % People Who Feel Safe or Very Safe Walking Alone in Local Area at Night VicHealth Indicators Survey Source: Community Indicators Victoria, accessed January HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 35 of 136

36 1.9.2 Crime In , all LGAs in the HealthWest catchment had higher than Victorian average recorded offences for crimes against property and of drug offences; while all LGAs except Wyndham had higher rates of crimes against the person. Within the catchment, Brimbank had the highest rates of crimes against the person, crimes against property and of other crimes; while Maribyrnong had the highest rate of drug offences. Between and , rates of crimes against the person increased in all HealthWest LGAs and Brimbank and Maribyrnong recorded increases that were higher than the state average. Rates of crimes against property also increased in Brimbank and Hobsons Bay; while the rate of drug offences increased in all HealthWest LGAs except Maribyrnong which had a notably decrease (almost 47%). Table A32 shows data on recorded offences. Table A32: Recorded offences by LGA, and Recorded offences Year Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR Victoria Crimes against the person* Crimes against property* Drug offences* Other crimes* , , , , , , , , % Change , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,550.8 % Change , % Change , , , , % Change Crime Statistics, Corporate Statistics Victoria Police, July 2013 *Rate per 100,000 population Family Violence Family violence is a crime overwhelmingly perpetrated against women; approximately 80% of adult victims are female. This statistics has been static over the past decade, and is consistent across a range of data sources that contribute to the Victorian Family Violence Database. The Victorian Family Violence Database holds annual statistics since 1999 on family violence. According to statewide data, in the majority of family violence cases, the relationship between perpetrator and victim is current spouse/de facto, followed HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 36 of 136

37 by former spouse/former de facto. The majority of female victims are aged years. Table A33 below shows the recorded incidents of family violence for period. Melton and Wyndham have recorded incidents above the North West Metropolitan region and Victorian averages. Table A33: Recorded Family Incidents, and LGA Where Where Family Year Charges Children Incidents Laid Present Where IVO Applied For Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NW Metro Victoria Crime Statistics, Corporate Statistics Victoria Police, July 2013 * Rate per 100,000 population Note: There has been a steady rise in the reporting of family incidents since the introduction of the Code of Practice for the Investigation of Family Violence in August 2004, and legislative change brought about by the Family Violence Protection Act Offences related to family incidents have risen as a result of this increased reporting. (Victoria Police Crime Statistics 2012/2013, Executive Summary.) As part of the Victorian Family Violence Databset, the numbers of human intent injury cases admitted to emergency departments is recorded. Whilst the number of family violence victims who are admitted to hospital ED is very low in comparison to the recorded incidents, the data Table A34 shows the high proportion of females being admitted to emergency departments. In most of the LGAS, approximately a third of the admitted cases years of age. Table A34: Human intent injury cases admitted to EDs by sex & age, Total no. of cases % of cases admitted Male Female <17 yrs yrs yrs yrs >45 yrs Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victorian Family Violence Database - Nine Year Report, Department of Justice, accessed January 2012 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 37 of 136

38 1.10 Food insecurity Food insecurity was measured as part of the Victorian Population Health Survey. Respondents were asked if there had been any times in the previous 12 months when they had run out of food and could not afford to buy more. There was a lower proportion of both males and females in the North and West Metropolitan Region (NWMR) who responded in the affirmative to this question compared with the Victorian average. Females were more likely to respond in the affirmative than males, see Table A35. Table A35: Food Insecurity by sex and region, Region % Males % Females % Persons NWMR Victoria Victorian Population Health Survey, Frequency of food insecurity situations was not measured in the Victorian Population Health Survey. As such, the 2008 figures set out below remain current. Table A36: Food Insecurity by frequency and region, 2008 % Once a week or more % Once every two weeks % Once a month % Less than once a month NWMR Victoria Victorian Population Health Survey, 2008 Table A37 shows the proportion of LGA residents who ran out of food and could not afford to buy more. Brimbank and Wyndham had higher proportions than the Victorian average. Table A37: Food Insecurity by LGA, % Yes Brimbank 5.4 Hobsons Bay 3.2* Maribyrnong 2.8* Melton 3.1* Wyndham 6.4 Victoria 4.6 Victorian Population Health Survey, * Estimate has a relative standard error (RSE) of between 25 and 50 per cent and should be interpreted with caution. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 38 of 136

39 Table A38 shows the reasons why people do not always have the quality or variety of foods they want by LGA and compared with the Victorian average. With the exception of Melton, Some foods are too expensive was the most common response across the LGAs and was equal to or higher than the Victoria average. In Melton, 'Can t always get the right quality' was the most common response, and was higher than the Victoria average. Table A38: Reasons for Food Insecurity, I don t always have the type of food I want because Some foods are too expensive Can't always get right quality Can't always get right variety Can't always get culturally appropriate food Inadequate and unreliable public transport Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR Victoria Victorian Population Health Survey, Red indicates higher than Victorian average 1.11 Gambling Overall gambling participation The Victorian Gambling Study, A Longitudinal Study of gambling and public health - Wave Two Findings (DoJ, 2011) found that a number of variables were found to be associated with the increased risk of 'transitioning' from a nongambler/non-problem gambler to a low or moderate risk or problem gambler. These variables were: poor general health poor psychological health past year smoking group households (with non-relatives) one-parent families speaking a language other than English at home year 10 or lower education levels betting weekly or greater on horse, harness racing or greyhounds, and troubles with work, boss or superiors and an increase in the number of arguments with someone close. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 39 of 136

40 The study also found that males are significantly more likely to be problem gamblers or moderate risk gamblers than females. For males, those aged years have the highest prevalence of problem gambling, followed by those aged years. The years age group also had the highest prevalence of problem gambling for females, along with the year age group then closely followed by females aged years. For both males and females, the lowest problem gambling prevalence was in the 65 years or older age group data for the Victorian Government regions indicates that the North West Metro region had the highest proportion of population that were problem gamblers and this was notably higher than the other regions. Additionally, North West Metro had the second highest proportion of population that were 'moderate risk' gamblers. At the time of writing, 2003 is the most recent year that LGA level data available for different participation in different gambling types (i.e. not just EGMs). As shown in Table A39, the 2003 survey results indicate that, compared to the Metropolitan Melbourne figures, Wyndham had a higher proportion of survey respondents who reported participation in all gambling activities listed below. Melton had a higher participation rate in all gambling activities, except Electronic Gaming Machines (EGMs); while Brimbank had a higher participation rate in all gambling activities except race betting. Hobsons Bay had a higher participation rate for EGMs, scratch tickets and lotteries; while Maribyrnong had a higher rate for race betting. Overall, within the HealthWest catchment, Melton residents had the highest gambling participation rate, followed by Wyndham. Hobsons Bay had the lowest rate. Table A39: Participation rates, major types of gambling, Any gambling EGMs Race Betting Scratch tickets Lotteries Casino game tables Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Metropolitan Melbourne Victorian Longitudinal Community Attitudes Survey, Department of Justice, 2004 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 40 of 136

41 Electronic gaming machine (EGM) participation and expenditure This section provides a broad overview of gambling across the west. This section covers only data relating to EGMs, as EGMs are the most popular form of gambling. Additionally, at the time of writing, no reliable data was available on losses in other forms of gambling such as lotteries, casino games, horse racing or sports betting Total EGM losses and losses per adult In , residents across the HealthWest catchment lost over $379.7 million on EGMs, down from $382.7 million in In total, Brimbank had the highest total losses, with over $137.6 million lost in It should be noted that all data is based on the location of the EGM and not the person who is gaming. Therefore, figures cannot capture those people who travel outside of their LGA of residence to an EGM venue. Between and , total gaming machine losses decreased in Hobsons Bay and Maribyrnong, while they increased in Melton and Wyndham. Melton experienced the highest increase in losses. Table A40: Total EGM losses across the HealthWest catchment Total Net Expenditure (loss) % Change Brimbank $136,448,330 $139,385, ,637, % Hobsons Bay $49,836,821 $51,364,711 47,861, % Maribyrnong $56,179,153 $56,630,431 52,788, % Melton $44,658,490 $49,346,853 53,565, % Wyndham $81,735,012 $85,988,380 87,822, % HealthWest $368,857,806 $382,715, ,676, % catchment Victorian Commission for Gambling and Liquor Regulation, 2014 Average gaming machine net expenditure (losses) per population for the LGA the EGM venues are located in (but not necessarily the LGA where the person gaming lives in) varies considerably across the HealthWest region. Brimbank had the highest average loss per LGA population at $902.99, followed by Maribyrnong at $ Melton had the lowest average loss per LGA population, at $ Compared to the metropolitan Melbourne average ($581.43), all HealthWest LGAs had a higher average loss per population. The HealthWest catchment, in total, had an average loss per population of $ HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 41 of 136

42 Table A41: Average EGM loss per adult over 18 years Average Net Expenditure (Loss) per Adult to Change $ % Brimbank $1,004 $ $ % Hobsons Bay $747 $ $ % Maribyrnong $985 $ $ % Melton $608 $ $ % Wyndham $730 $ $ % HealthWest catchment $825 $ $ % Metropolitan Melbourne $613 $ $ % Victorian Commission for Gambling and Liquor Regulation, Total number of EGMs and density In January 2014, across the HealthWest catchment, there is a total of 3,299 EGMs across 54 venues and this represents a density of approximately 6.5 EGS per 1000 adults in the 2013 population. Compared to the metropolitan Melbourne average figure (5.5 EGMs per 1000 adults), all HealthWest LGAs except Melton had a higher number of EGMs per 1000 adults. Hobsons Bay had the highest number (8 EGMs per 1000 adults), followed by Maribyrnong and Wyndham (both with 7 EGMS per 1000 adults). Table A42: Total no. of EGMs and number per 1,000 adults, January 2014 Total number venues with EGMs Total number EGMs EGMs per 1000 adults Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Metropolitan Melbourne , Total HealthWest catchment 54 3, Victorian Commission for Gambling and Liquor Regulation, 2014 Between January 2012 and January 2014, the number of EGM entitlements increased significantly in Wyndham, with an increase of 247 entitlements. The number of entitlements decreased in Hobsons Bay and in Maribyrnong, while it increased by a small amount in Brimbank and in Melton. Each entitlement authorises venue operators to operate one gaming machine for a period of 10 years from HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 42 of 136

43 Although entitlements for EGMs have been purchased, venue operators are required to go through the normal application processes to enable new EGMs to operate within their venue. Table A43: Change in EGM entitlements across the HealthWest catchment Total number of EGMs January 2012 January 2014 Change in EGM entitlements Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victorian Commission for Gambling and Liquor Regulation, Housing Housing Stress In 2011, compared to the Victorian average, Melton, Wyndham, Maribyrnong and Brimbank had a higher proportion of households whose housing costs were 30% or more of their household gross income. This figure is a key way to measure housing (mortgage or rental) stress. Within the HealthWest catchment, Melton had the highest proportion of households experiencing housing stress, followed by Maribyrnong. Compared with the data from the Census 2006, the proportion of household whose housing costs were 30% or more has increased in all LGAs, and also on average, in Victoria. Table A44 shows the data for housing costs (2006 data not shown) Table A44: Housing Stress, 2011 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR Victorian ABS, Source: Community Indicators Victoria, accessed January 2013 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 43 of 136

44 Social housing In 2011, compared to the Victorian and NWMR averages, Maribyrnong had a higher proportion of occupied private dwellings that were government-owned rental dwellings. Table A45: Occupied private dwellings that were government-owned rental dwellings, 2011 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR Victorian % % % % % % % ABS Source: Community Indicators Victoria, accessed January Public housing waiting list The Department of Human Services Office of Housing provides public rental housing to eligible Victorians in housing need. It aims to prioritise people who are in urgent need because of homelessness or other critical circumstances. Applications for public housing are divided into: early housing, which is for people who are experiencing or at risk of recurring homelessness, people with a disability who have significant support needs, and people with special housing needs; and wait turn, which is for all eligible people on low incomes. In December 2011, Sunshine had the highest number of people waiting for public housing in the North and West Metro region. Table A46: Number of people on public housing waiting list, Dec North and West Metro Region - Waiting List Offices Early Housing Wait Turn Total Ascot Vale Footscray/Flemington ,320 Broadmeadows 644 1,753 2,397 Preston 1,114 1,900 3,014 Sunshine 961 2,816 3,777 Fitzroy/Collingwood/Richmond ,454 North Melbourne/Carlton ,485 Public Housing Waiting and Transfer List, December 2011, Department of Human Services 2012 Note: Figures are estimates only. Figures can vary within a given quarter, depending on the number of people finding or applying for housing. The list may also include people who are in or have recently located suitable accommodation but have not yet notified the Office of Housing. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 44 of 136

45 Median Property Values and change In 2011, median house prices in Hobsons Bay and Maribyrnong were higher than the Victorian and Metropolitan Melbourne median. Within the catchment, Maribyrnong had the highest median price and Melton had the lowest. Between 2006 and 2011, median house prices in all HealthWest catchment LGAs increased by more than the average increase across Victoria and Metropolitan Melbourne. Median house prices increased by the greatest proportion in Brimbank, followed by Maribyrnong. In 2011, median unit prices in all HealthWest catchment LGAs were lower than the Victorian and Metropolitan Melbourne median. Within the HealthWest catchment, Hobsons Bay had the highest median unit price and Melton had the lowest. Between 2006 and 2011, median unit prices in Brimbank and Maribyrnong increased by more than the average increase across Victoria and Metropolitan Melbourne. Median unit prices increased by the greatest proportion in Brimbank, followed by Maribyrnong. Table A47: Median house and unit prices and change, 2006 to 2011 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Metropolitan Melbourne Victoria Median House Price ($) (2011)* 399, , , , , , ,000 (2006) 240, , , , , , ,000 change (06-11)* 66.2% 43.3% 57.6% 33.3% 34.6% 32.6% 30.0% Median Unit Price ($) (2011)* 330, , , , , , ,000 (2006) 205, , , , , , ,000 change (06-11)* 61.0% 30.2% 53.4% 18.5% 27.4% 32.8% 31.0% A Guide to Property Values, Department of Sustainability and Environment, 2011 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 45 of 136

46 Affordable lettings In the June 2013 quarter, Hobsons Bay and Maribyrnong had the lowest proportion of 2 bedroom flats and two and three bedroom houses that were affordable lettings in the HealthWest catchment. Melton had the lowest proportion of one bedroom flats that were affordable. Compared to metro Melbourne averages, Melton had a lower proportion of affordable one bedroom flats available to let, Maribyrnong had a lower proportion of two bedroom flats available to let, while Hobsons Bay and Maribyrnong had a lower proportion of two or three bedroom houses to let. Between 2008 and 2013, the proportion of affordable lettings decreased notably for all flats and for all two bedroom houses in all HealthWest LGAs; while the proportion of affordable lettings decreased for three bedroom houses in Brimbank, Hobsons Bay and Maribyrnong. Table A48: Affordable lettings, 2008 & 2013* Flat House 1 bedroom 2 bedroom 2 bedroom 3 bedroom Brimbank 3.8% 1.4% 40.2% 19.1% 51.2% 32.0% 58.6% 51.7% Hobsons Bay 3.0% 2.0% 9.8% 6.4% 19.8% 7.4% 37.5% 11.4% Maribyrnong 4.8% 3.3% 6.7% 1.4% 13.1% 8.7% 25.0% 24.3% Melton 0.0% 0.0% 35.0% 26.9% 61.0% 56.3% 57.5% 77.1% Wyndham 25.0% 9.1% 42.4% 18.8% 56.4% 56.3% 44.5% 66.8% Metro Melbourne 1.6% 0.4% 7.1% 2.9% 25.2% 15.9% 33.1% 35.9% Victoria 7.8% 3.8% 21.6% 12.9% 41.9% 29.5% 45.8% 43.6% Rental Report June 2013 Quarter, Office of Housing, Department of Human Services * based on June quarter figures of that year #The Rental Report states that The assessment of affordable supply is based on the number of suitably-sized properties that are within 30 per cent of gross income for low income households. The rental thresholds are taken from the household incomes for whom that number of bedrooms is a minimum Median rent In the December 2011 quarter, compared to Metropolitan Melbourne averages, median rents for one and two bedroom flats and for two bedroom houses (excluding in Hobsons Bay) were lower in all HealthWest catchment LGAs. Median rents for three bedroom houses were higher than the Metropolitan Melbourne average in Hobsons Bay and Maribyrnong. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 46 of 136

47 Table A49: Median rents by LGA, 2013 Flat House 1 bedroom 2 bedroom 2 bedroom 3 bedroom Brimbank $200 $260 $270 $300 Hobsons Bay $238 $285 $380 $360 Maribyrnong $225 $325 $350 $395 Melton - $230 $275 $280 Wyndham - $250 $260 $290 NWMR $318 $390 $395 $330 Metro Melbourne $300 $370 $380 $350 Rental Report March 2013 Quarter, Office of Housing, Department of Human Services * based on March quarter figures of that year. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 47 of 136

48 1.13 Homelessness Concurrent with and following the 2011 census, supplementary data collections and analytical techniques were used to: better define and estimate homelessness; include homeless people not identified under the primary data collection; and, exclude people who were unlikely to be homeless (such as permanent residents of caravans, cabins or houseboats). Estimates were also formulated for people in marginal accommodation circumstances who were at heightened risk of becoming homeless. In 2011, ABS estimates of homelessness indicate that Maribyrnong and Brimbank had a higher proportion of persons who were homeless. The proportion in Maribyrnong was more than double the Victorian average. In total, there were an estimated 2,751 persons who were homeless across the HealthWest catchment. Compared to the Victorian average, the proportion of persons considered at increased risk of homelessness was higher in Brimbank, Maribyrnong, Melton and Wyndham. In total, there were an estimated 2,977 persons who were estimated to be at increased risk of homelessness across the HealthWest catchment. Table A50: Homelessness, 2011 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria Homeless Persons Those living/staying in... improvised dwellings, tents or sleeping out supported accommodation for homeless temporarily with other households ## ## 1, , ,324 boarding houses ## ## 4,395 Persons at increased risk of Homelessness Those living/staying in... other temporary lodging 'severely' crowded dwellings ,024 Total 1, ,773 % of 2011 Population Homeless 0.6% 0.3% 1.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% other crowded dwellings 1, ,581 other improvised dwellings marginally housed in caravan parks ## ## ,383 Total 1, ,616 % of 2011 Population 0.7% 0.3% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% at risk. Supplementary release, Census of Population and Housing, ABS, 2011 *ABS publishes Homelessness data at Statistical Area Level 3 (SA3) level. SA3 to LGA correspondence for HealthWest LGAs is greater than 94%. ## Very low figure not published for privacy reasons. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 48 of 136

49 1.14 Residential Aged Care High Level Aged Care Places The following explanation has been extracted directly from the Social Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, High-level care is nursing home care provided when health deteriorates to such a degree that a person becomes very frail or ill and can no longer be cared for adequately in their present accommodation. It provides 24-hour nursing and personal care for the very frail or ill, with support for the activities of daily living - dining, showering, continence management, rehabilitation, medications etc. Allocation is based on availability and the assessment of an individual's needs, as compared with other residents. In June 2010, Hobsons Bay, Maribyrnong and Wyndham all had a higher rate of population aged 70 years and over that was living in high level residential aged care, compared to the Melbourne and Victoria average. Within the HealthWest catchment, Maribyrnong had the highest rate. Table A51: Population aged 70 years in high level residential aged care, June 2010 Location Number Rate per 1,000 Brimbank (C) Hobsons Bay (C) Maribyrnong (C) Melton (S) Wyndham (C) Melbourne 15, Victoria 22, Social Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, Low Level Care Places The following explanation has been extracted directly from the Social Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, Low-level care is hostel accommodation, offering a greater quality of life for people who benefit significantly from supportive services, companionship and activities, and for whom living without assistance is difficult. Independence is encouraged in maintaining daily living skills. Services provided may include showering, dressing, bed making, room cleaning, supervision of medication, provision of all meals and laundry. In June 2010, Melton and Wyndham had a higher rate of population aged 70 years and over that was living in low level residential aged care, compared to the Melbourne and Victoria average. Within the HealthWest catchment, Wyndham had the highest rate. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 49 of 136

50 Table A52: Population aged 70 years in low level care residential aged care, June 2010 Location Number Rate per 1,000 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Metropolitan Melbourne 16, Victoria 24, Social Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, Community Care Places The following explanation has been extracted directly from the Social Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, Community Aged Care Packages offer low dependency level care for older people who are frail and/or disabled, in their own home, whether they live with their spouse, family or on their own. Trained staff provide flexible and coordinated support, which may include assistance with personal care (e.g., showering, grooming); household help (e.g., shopping, cleaning); linking with activities and pursuits in the community; and other assistance as negotiated according to individual need. In June 2010, Hobsons Bay and Maribyrnong had a higher rate of population aged 70 years and over with community care packages, compared to the Melbourne and Victoria average. Within the HealthWest catchment, Maribyrnong had the highest rate and this was substantially higher than the Victorian average. Table A53 shows the data on Community Aged Care Packages. Table A53: Population aged 70 yrs with Community Aged Care Packages, June 2010 Location Number Rate per 1,000 Brimbank (C) Hobsons Bay (C) Maribyrnong (C) Melton (S) Wyndham (C) Melbourne 8, Victoria 12, Social Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, 2011 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 50 of 136

51 1.15 Water and waste management In 2007, compared to the Victorian and NWMR region, a greater percentage of households in Brimbank, Melton and Wyndham collected waste water. Within the HealthWest catchment, Wyndham had the highest proportion of households collecting waste water and Maribyrnong had the lowest. In , compared to the Victorian average, Brimbank, Maribyrnong, Melton and Wyndham generated more non-recyclable garbage per household. Within the HealthWest catchment, Wyndham generated the largest amount, followed by Brimbank; while Hobsons Bay generated the least. In , compared to the Victorian average, Brimbank, Hobsons Bay and Wyndham generated the largest amount of non-organic recyclable waste per household. Within the HealthWest catchment, Wyndham generated the largest quantity and Maribyrnong generated the smallest quantity. Table A54: Recycling and waste generation by LGA Indicator Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham N&W Metro Victoria % of people in households collecting waste water (2007) Non-Recyclable Garbage Generated by Households (kg per household) ( )* Non-Organic Recyclable Waste Generated by Households (kg per household) ( )* Source: Community Indicators Victoria, accessed April * Original date source is Sustainability Victoria 1.16 Transport Commuting by place of residence or place of work In 2011, compared to the Victorian average, workers who lived in Brimbank, Hobsons Bay, Wyndham and Maribyrnong were more likely to have used public transport to get to work on Census day. People who worked in HealthWest LGAs were much less likely than the State average to use public transport. The most common journey to work method for people living or working in the HealthWest catchment was motor vehicles, and only people who lived in Maribyrnong were less likely than the State average to travel by motor vehicle. Residents of HealthWest LGAs were less likely than the Greater Melbourne HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 51 of 136

52 average to have walked or ridden a bicycle to get to work, while people who worked in Hobsons Bay, Maribyrnong or Melton were more likely to have walked or ridden a bicycle to get to work. Table A55: Public transport and journey to work by LGA, 2011 Method of Transport Public Transport* Motor Vehicle** Bicycle / walked / other Worked at Home Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong LGA of: Residence 16% 19% 29% 11% 15% 17% 13% Melton Wyndham Greater Melbourne Work 4% 4% 10% 2% 3% 18% 14% Residence 73% 67% 58% 76% 73% 66% 67% Work 82% 81% 73% 77% 81% 66% 68% Residence 1% 2% 2% 1% 0% 4% 5% Work 3% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 4% Residence 2% 3% 3% 2% 2% 4% 4% Work 3% 3% 3% 6% 4% 4% 4% Victorian Employed but Residence 8% 9% 9% 9% 9% 10% 10% did not go to work Work 8% 8% 10% 11% 9% 10% 10% ABS Census of Population and Housing 2011, Basic Community Profiles and Working Population Profiles *Public transport figure includes where all or part of the journey is by public transport **Includes motorcycles, trucks and taxis Transport limitations The 2011 VicHealth Indicators Survey asked participants if their day to day travel been limited or restricted for any reason in the last 12 months. Responses to this question informed the transport limitations indicator. In 2011, compared to the Victorian and NWMR average, a higher proportion of participants living in all LGAs in the HealthWest catchment reported having experienced transport limitations in the last 12 months. Within the HealthWest catchment, Hobsons Bay reported the highest proportion of population that had experienced transport limitations, and Wynhdam reported the lowest. When compared with the results from the Community Indicators Survey 2007, the proportion of residents experiencing transport limitations has increased in all LGAs, as well as in Victoria and the NWMR. However, the increase in the NWMR and Victoria was approximately 3% whereas an additional 8.8%, 8.4% and 6.5% of participants from Melton, Brimbank and Hobsons Bay respectively reported HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 52 of 136

53 experiencing transport limitations as compared with Table A56 shows the data on transport limitations (2007 data not shown). Table A56: People Who Experienced Transport Limitations in Last 12 Months (%), 2011 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham N&W Metro Victoria VicHealth Indicators Survey, Source: Community Indicators Victoria, accessed January Access to Public Transport The Department of Transport measures the proportion of residents in an LGA that live within 400 metres of a bus or tram stop, or within 800 metres of a train station. NWMR and Metropolitan Melbourne have been included for comparison with the HealthWest catchment. In comparison with the NWMR and metropolitan Melbourne, a lower proportion of residents in Melton and Wyndham lived within 400 metres of a bus/tram stop or within 800 meters of a train station. This was lowest in Melton. Maribrynong, Hobsons Bay and Brimbank figures were above the metropolitan and NWMR average, with 72.9% of Maribyrnong residents living within 400 metres of a bus/tram stop or within 800 metres of a train station. Table A57: Proportion of People Living Within 400 metres of Public Transport, 2012 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR Metropolitan Melbourne % People within 400m of a bus/tram stop or within 800m of a train station Department of Transport, Source: Community Indicators Victoria, accessed January HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 53 of 136

54 1.17 Rich and Vibrant Communities Results from the 2011 VicHealth Indicators Survey indicate that, compared to Victoria, the LGAs of Melton, Brimbank and Wynhdam had a higher proportion of residents who participated in arts and related activities in the last three months. Table A58: Participation in arts and cultural activities, 2011 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR Victorian % People Who Participated in Arts and Related Activities in the Last Three Months VicHealth Indicators Survey Source: Community Indicators Victoria, accessed January Indicators of Community Strength Indicators of community strength reflect attitudes towards and participation in community life, for example volunteering, accessing services and safety. Participation in community life and social interaction have important connections to mental health as well as to the capacity of communities to improve and prosper.the data in these tables were obtained from the Indicators of community strength section of the Department of Planning and Community Development 2010 ( Some or elements of these indicators may also be reflected in CIVs surveys. Across the HealthWest catchment, LGAs had particularly low figures for: volunteering, participation in organised groups (sports, church etc), participation in decision making boards or committees, attendance at a community events in the last 6 months, feeling safe on the street after dark, feeling there are opportunities to have a real say on issues that are important, agreeing that the area has opportunities to volunteer in local groups, and agreeing that they live in an active community where people do things and get involved in local issues/activities. Within the HealthWest catchment, Brimbank had the lowest score for 13 of the 18 indicators and these scores were generally significantly lower than the Victorian average. Table A59 shows the indicators of community strength data. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 54 of 136

55 Table A59: Indicators of Community Strength by LGA, Indicator of Community Strength Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria Can get help from friends family or neighbours when needed Could raise $2000 in two days in an emergency Volunteers Member of organised groups such as sports, church, community groups or professional associations Member of organised groups that have taken local action Parental participation in schools On decision making board or committee Attendance at local community event in last 6 months Feels safe on the street after dark Feels multiculturalism makes life in the area better Feels valued by society Feels there are opportunities to have a real say on issues that are important The area has easy access to recreational and leisure facilities The area has good facilities and services like shops, childcare, schools, libraries The area has opportunities to volunteer in local groups The area has a wide range of community and support groups It s an active community, people do things and get involved in local issues/activities Participation in organised sport Indicators of Community Strength at the LGA Level in Victoria 2008 Report. Department of Planning & Community Development, 2010 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 55 of 136

56 Results from the 2011 census also indicate that the proportion of both males and females who are volunteers in any of the HealthWest LGAs is notably lower than the Victorian average. Hobsons Bay had the highest proportion of population that were volunteers, followed by Maribyrnong; while Brimbank had the lowest. Females were more likely to be volunteers than males across all LGAs. Table A60: Volunteering, 2006 and 2011 Location Year Males Females Persons No. % No. % No. % Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham , % 6, % 11, % , % 7, % 13, % , % 5, % 9, % , % 5, % 9, % , % 3, % 6, % , % 4, % 7, % , % 3, % 6, % , % 4, % 8, % , % 6, % 10, % , % 8, % 14, % ,932, % 2,049, % 3,982, % Victoria ,119, % 2,235, % 4,355, % 2011 Census of Population and Housing, ABS 2012 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 56 of 136

57 1.19 Healthy Literacy Health literacy is defined as: The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions (USA Department of Health and Human Services, 2000 cited in Issue Health Literacy, Australia, ABS 2006). This section presents health literacy information based on national data. State, region and LGA specific data is not available. The data is not disaggregated for country of birth Health Literacy Levels According to ABS data, there are 5 levels of health literacy: Level 1 is indicated as the lowest literacy measure and Level 5 is the highest. The number of respondents who obtained a level 5 made up a reasonably small percentage, which often provided variable results, and have therefore been combined with level 4 skill level results. Low levels of health literacy can directly affect the health of an individual because it impacts on how well they understand a health diagnosis and treatment options, information about medication instructions, and their capacity to find and understand information about health services and preventative health resources Health Literacy and Education People who have low education levels or poor English proficiency typically also have low health literacy, as shown in Figure A4. This is of particularly significance to the HealthWest catchment, as the LGAs of the region generally have lower levels of education completion and higher levels of migrant population. Figure A4: Health literacy by Level of highest non-school qualification 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4/5 0% No non-school qual Advanced dip/dip or below Bachelor degree or above ABS, Source: Better Health Plan For The West, 2012 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 57 of 136

58 Health Literacy and Age From the ages of years, health literacy, in general, increased through to the ages of years. Decreases in health literacy tended to occur at the age of 40 years and over. Figure A5 shows health literacy levels by age. With ageing, a greater need for health services and care increases due to changes in physical, social and psychological aspects of life. Therefore a sound level of health literacy is required to ensure that accessing and utilising health services is adhered. Of those aged years, 83% did not attain a health literacy reading of Level 3 or above. Considerations for the older aged groups need to be taken into account, as the dramatic decline could be attributed to lower education levels. Figure A5: Health Literacy by Skill Level, by age, Australia, Source: Health Literacy, Australia, ABS, Health literacy by migrant characteristics The person s country of birth and whether it was an English speaking country are key social migrant characteristics. Of those that scored a Level 3 or above on the health literacy scale, 46% were born in English speaking countries outside Australia, compared to 44% who were born in Australia. 26% of Level 3 or above respondents were born in mainly non-english speaking countries. Figure A6: Health literacy skill level 3 or above, by Country of Birth (a), 2006 Source: Health Literacy, Australia, ABS, HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 58 of 136

59 The western region has a high number of CALD communities, of which are from Non-English Speaking Backgrounds (NESB). To have a smaller percentage of people born in other countries with a health literacy skill level of 3 or above can have implications on the health services. An increase in service delivery needs to take place, of which needs to be culturally sensitive. Ideas should be generated around other pathways for NESB communities to be more knowledgeable about how to enter the health system and increasing accessibility issues Comparison between literacy domains The five different literacy domains are: Health, Prose, Document, Numeracy and Problem solving. Educational participation and attainment were common characteristics associated with all the literacy domains, i.e. having higher literacy scores across the domains were attributed to respondents who finished formal education over a greater number of years. Therefore educational attainment in the HealthWest catchment is an underlying factor to health literacy. Those that did not complete higher levels of education may be disadvantaged in accessing and utilising the appropriate health services and care, which will therefore result in poorer health outcomes. This had implications for the communities in the HealthWest catchment, considering levels of education are lower than the state average in most of the LGAs, particularly in Brimbank Access to Health Services Compared with the NWMR and metropolitan average, there were less medical clinics with a general practitioner in Melton, Wyndham and Hobsons Bay. The LGA in the HealthWest catchment with the lowest number of medical clinics with a general practitioner per 1000 population was Melton. Compared with the NWMR and metropolitan average, the average distance to the nearest medical clinic with a GP was greater in Melton and Wyndham. Hobsons Bay and Brimbank figures were higher than the NWMR average. Melton had the highest average distance compared with the other HealthWest LGAs. Table A61. Access to Health Services by LGA, 2012 Access to Health Services Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR Metroplitan Melbourne Number of Medical Clinics with a General Practitioner* per 1000 population Average Distance to Nearest Medical Clinic with a General Practitioner (km) Human Services Data Directory, Source: Community Indicators Victoria, accessed January *this figure includes public hospital emergency rooms HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 59 of 136

60 In , compared to Victoria, residents of Brimbank and Hobsons Bay were less likely to have visited a doctor or GP in the previous three months. Residents of Hobsons Bay were also less likely to have attended in the previous six months. Within the HealthWest catchment, residents of Wyndham were most likely to have seen a doctor or GP in the past three months and residents of Brimbank were the least likely. At NWMR level, females were much more likely than males to have visited a doctor or GP in the previous three months; while males were much more likely to have not visited for 12 months or more. Table A62: Last visit to a doctor or GP by LGA, Less than 3months 3 to 6 months 6 to 12 months 12 months or more Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR MALES FEMALES Victoria Victorian Population Health Survey, In the 2011 September quarter, average waiting times for emergency department treatment and waiting times for elective surgery at Sunshine and Williamstown Hospitals were slightly lower than the State average. At Western Hospital the waiting time for emergency department treatment was slightly higher than the Victoria average; and the waiting time for elective surgery was twenty days longer. Table A63: Selected Public Hospital Performance Indicators, Jul-Sep 2011 Sunshine Hospital Williamstown Hospital Western Hospital Victoria Median time to treatment for emergency departments (minutes) Median Elective surgery waiting list time (days) Victorian Health Services Performance Report - December 2011 Quarter, DoH 2012 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 60 of 136

61 The Victorian Government's Dental Health Program provides emergency, general and denture care to eligible Victorians through community dental clinics in community health services, rural hospitals and the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne. Waiting times for general dental care at providers servicing the HealthWest LGAs were generally longer than the Victoria average, however Western Region Health had a waiting period of less than half the State average. Waiting times for denture care at all providers was markedly lower than the State average. Table A64: Average waiting time for dental Care (months), General care Denture care Djerriwarrh Health Services 23 9 ISIS Primary Care Brimbank ISIS Primary Care Wyndham Western Region Health Centre 7 9 Victoria Victorian Health Services Performance Report - December 2011 Quarter, DoH 2012 In , compared to Victoria, residents of Brimbank, Melton and Wyndham were less likely to have visited a dental professional in the previous year. Residents of all HealthWest LGAs were less likely than the State average to have visited in the one to two years timescale. Compared to Victoria, residents of Maribyrnong, Melton and Wyndham were more likely to have made their last dental visit five to ten years ago; and residents of Brimbank, Hobsons Bay and Wyndham were more likely to have not visited a dental professional for more than ten years. At NWMR level, females were much more likely than males to have visited a dental professional in the previous year. More than double the number of males, compared to females, had not visited a dental professional for more than ten years. Table A65: Last visit to a dental health professional by LGA, Less than 12 months One to two years Two to five years Five to ten years Ten or more years Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR MALES FEMALES Victoria Victorian Population Health Survey, HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 61 of 136

62 The VPHS asked respondents if they had avoided or delayed visiting a dental professional due to cost in the previous 12 months. Residents of Hobsons Bay were equally as likely to have responded with 'Yes' as the Victorian average; while residents of Brimbank, Maribyrnong, Melton and Wyndham were more likely to have responded with 'Yes'. At NWMR level, females were more likely than males to have avoided or delayed a visit to a dental professional due to cost. Table A66: Avoided or delayed visiting a dental professional due to cost by LGA, Yes % Brimbank 31.6 Hobsons Bay 29.8 Maribyrnong 33.0 Melton 40.3 Wyndham 33.2 NWMR Males 28.0 Females 34.2 Victoria 29.8 Victorian Population Health Survey, Results from the VPHS indicate that, at the state level: Persons aged 18 to 24 years were most likely to report their dental health as excellent or very good; while persons aged 65 years and over were least likely Males were more likely than females to report their dental health as fair or poor Males with the following characteristics were significantly more likely to report their dental health as poor: primary school level education, not participating in the labour force, annual income of less than $40,000, has high or very high levels of psychological distress, sedentary, current smoker, risky or high risk alcohol consumption levels for long term health, fair/poor self reported health, and underweight. Females with the following characteristics were significantly more likely to report their dental health as poor: primary school level education, unemployed or not in labour force, annual income of less than $40,000, high or very high levels of psychological distress, sedentary, current smoker, abstainer, fair/poor self reported health, and underweight. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 62 of 136

63 2. Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities The catchment of the HealthWest Partnership is a culturally and linguistically diverse region. This section considers the settlement patterns into the western LGAs. Of particular importance is the data on refugee settlement, as community groups with a refugee background have been identified as having unique and greater health needs than the general population. 2.1 Country of birth Country of birth considers where residents from each LGA were born, including in Australia or overseas. Countries of birth may already have English as their main language, while others are non-english speaking. Table B1 shows the proportion of LGA populations born in the top ten overseas country. The Vietnamese community are the largest CALD community residing in Brimbank (9.8%). This is followed by the Indian community (4.2%) and then the Maltese community (2.9%). People from the United Kingdom are the largest community that are not Australian born residing in Hobsons Bay (4.5%).The Indian community are the largest non-english Speaking Background community residing in Hobsons Bay (2.8%). This is followed by the Italian community (2.0%). The Vietnamese community are the largest overseas born community residing in Maribyrnong (9.5%). This is followed by the Indian community (4.0%) and then the Chinese community (2.9%). People from the United Kingdom are the largest overseas born community residing in Melton (3.0%). This is followed by the Indian and Philippino communities (2.5%). People from India are the largest overseas born community residing in Wyndham (5.0%), followed by people from the United Kingdom (4.0%). After New Zealand, this is followed by the largest overseas born community being from the Philippines (2.4%). HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 63 of 136

64 Table B1: Country of Birth top 10 overseas birthplaces (%) Country Hobsons Brimbank Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Vietnam Malta Philippines Italy FYRM* Croatia India United Kingdom Greece New Zealand Lebanon China Malaysia Sri Lanka Census of Population and Housing, ABS, 2012 *Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2.2 Languages spoken According to 2011 data, of the 5 LGAs in the HealthWest catchment, Brimbank had the highest percentage of both overseas born residents and people with a Non English Speaking Background (NESB) people, followed by Maribyrnong. Figure B1: Language background and overseas born. Language background and overseas born % of people Brimbank Hobson's Bay Maribyrnong LGAs Melton Wyndham NESB English Total overseas born Census 2011 Census of Population and Housing, ABS, 2012 According to the 2011 Census, the most common language spoken at home was English. Table B2 shows the data for languages other than English that are spoken at home, with the top three languages other than English presented for each LGA. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 64 of 136

65 In Brimbank, languages spoken other than English were Vietnamese, Italian and Maltese (14.2%, 3.6% and 3.3% respectively). In Hobsons bay, languages spoken other than English were Arabic, Italian and Greek (3.6%, 3.3% and 3.0% respectively). In Maribyrnong, languages spoken other than English were Vietnamese (12.0%), Cantonese (3.5%) and Greek (2.7%). In Melton, languages spoken other than English were Maltese (2.1%), Italian (2.1%) and Macedonian (1.8%). In Wyndham languages spoken other than English were Italian (2.0%), Mandarin (1.9%) and Hindi (1.9%). Table B2: Top three languages other than English spoke at home, 2011 LGA Top 3 Languages spoke at home other than English % of population Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham 2011 Census of Population and Housing, ABS, 2012 Vietnamese 14.2% Italian 3.6% Maltese 3.3% Arabic 3.6% Italian 3.3% Greek 3% Vietnamese 12% Cantonese 3.5% Greek 2.7% Maltese 2.1% Italian 1.8% Macedonian 1.8% Italian 2% Mandarin 1.9% Hindi 1.9% 2.3 Indigenous population Indigenous population refers to the number of indigenous people (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people) living within the 5 LGAs at the 2011 Census. Table B3 shows the age and gender distribution of the indigenous people living in the 5 LGAs at the 2011 Census. The largest Indigenous population in the west reside in Wyndham (1,145 persons), followed by Melton (793 persons) and Brimbank (701 persons). HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 65 of 136

66 Table B3: Indigenous status by Age and Sex, by LGA. Age Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham (years) 0-4 Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females 65 + Males Females Total , Census of Population and Housing, ABS, HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 66 of 136

67 2.4 Refugee Settlement People entering Australia are administered into the Australian Humanitarian Programme via the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC). This program has both an onshore (asylum-seekers) and offshore (refugee and SHP visas) component. This section focuses on Refugee visas and Special Humanitarian Programme (SHP) visas. The most common Refugee visas are issued to people living outside their home country, and are subject to persecution in their home country. SHP visas are issued to people who are subject to sustained discrimination amounting to gross violation of their human rights in their home country, and they are living outside their home country. SHP visas have been approved by an individual or organisation already established in Australia that is expected to aid them in their settlement. All Refugee and SHP visa holders are granted permanent residence in Australia, the right to work and the same access to government services (such as Centrelink and Medicare) as the general population. People with a refugee background settling in Australia have been identified as having unique and greater health needs than the general population, and a range of barriers to accessing health services. Barriers include difficulties speaking English, low levels of literacy (including health literacy), lack of capacity to negotiate health and public transport systems, organising the logistics of large families, and insufficient services that respond to their specific health and cultural needs Humanitarian Visas Table B4 indicates the total number of humanitarian arrivals in the LGAs of the HealthWest catchment from 2001 to 2011 compared with total settlement figures. Brimbank had the greatest number of humanitarian settlers from , followed by Wyndham and then Maribyrnong. Comparatively, a lower number of humanitarian arrivals settled in Hobsons Bay and Melton. Figure B2 shows the the number of humanitarian arrivals by LGAs each year from 2001 to There are large fluctuations in numbers of arrivals from year to year, and the graph shows the greater numbers settling in Brimbank and Wyndham over this period compared with the other three LGAs in the HealthWest catchment. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 67 of 136

68 Table B4: Humanitarian settlements Visas granted, Jan LGA Humanitarian stream Total settlers Number % of total Brimbank 4,260 21% 20,244 Hobsons Bay % 6,285 Maribyrnong 1,694 18% 9,407 Melton % 5,287 Wyndham 2,094 13% 16,666 Total 14,285 18% 80,681 Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Source: Better Health Plan for the West, 2012 Figure B2: Humanitarian Visas granted by LGA by year, Entrants are measured on 1 January 1 January calendar year. Department of Immigration and Citizenship, accessed April Countries of Immigration and settlement in the West Table B5 lists the most common country of birth for migrants who have arrived on a humanitarian visa, over the previous five years, for each of the HealthWest PCP LGAs. The data indicates that, between 1st January 2006 and 31st December 2011, in Brimbank, the most common country of birth for humanitarian migrants was Burma (651), followed by the Sudan (462). In Hobsons Bay, the most common country of birth for humanitarian migrants was Burma (327), followed by Thailand (113). HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 68 of 136

69 The most common country of birth for humanitarian migrants in Maribyrnong was also Burma (385), followed by Iran (108). In Melton, the Sudan (101) was the most common country of birth for humanitarian migrants, followed by Indonesia (65). In Wyndham, the most common country of birth for humanitarian migrants was Burma (1,024), followed by Thailand (616). Across the HealthWest PCP region, the most common country of birth for migrants arriving on a humanitarian visa was Burma (2,419), followed by Thailand (795) then Sudan (763), Iran (435) and Ethiopia (341). Table B5: Top 10 Countries of Birth for Humanitarian Migrant Stream, 01/01/06 to 31/12/11 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Burma 651 Burma 327 Sudan 462 Thailand 113 Iran 228 Ethiopia 26 Ethiopia 155 Iran 17 Afghanistan 145 Sudan 16 Sri Lanka 134 Kenya 14 Iraq 132 Malaysia 13 Liberia 123 Lebanon 12 Pakistan 106 Democratic Rep. of the Congo 11 Thailand 66 Pakistan 9 Department of Immigration and Citizenship, accessed January 2013 Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Burma 385 Sudan 101 Burma 102 Iran 108 Indonesia 65 Thailand Ethiopia 80 Burma 32 Sudan 135 Afghanistan 77 Arab Rep. of Egypt 21 Ethiopia 80 Iraq 52 Iraq 12 Iraq 78 Sri Lanka 50 Sri Lanka 11 Iran 73 Sudan 49 Liberia 10 Eritrea 35 Eritrea 35 Uganda 9 Sri Lanka Democratic Rep. of the 27 Pakistan Iran Congo Malaysia 30 Chad 9 Arab Republic of Egypt 26 Department of Immigration and Citizenship, accessed January 2013 Data Caveats: 1.Data represent permanent migrants who arrived in Australia on a permanent visa or were granted a permanent visa while in Australia (certain provisional visa holders are also included). 2.Table was prepared from a report that was produced from the DIAC Settlement Reporting Facility which is updated on the 4th of each month. 3.The data in the report was compiled from a number of sources within the Department and other Commonwealth agencies. 4. Collection of data used in some of selection criteria items is not mandatory and may result in an undercount of migrants. 5. Data includes migrants who arrived in Australia on a permanent visa (or were granted a permanent visa whilst in Australia) during the selected timeframe of the report and currently reside in the selected location of the report. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 69 of 136

70 3. Workforce 3.1 Unemployment rates Unemployment figures for the June quarter indicate that all HealthWest catchment LGAs, except Hobsons Bay, had a markedly higher rate of unemployment than the Victorian average throughout the period 2009 to In 2009, Brimbank had the highest unemployment rate, followed by Melton and Wyndham; however, in 2013 Melton had the highest unemployment rate, followed by Brimbank and Wyndham. Table C1 shows unemployment data from 2009 to Table C1: Unemployment (smoothed)* Time Series, June Quarter 2009 to 2013 LGA Measure Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Persons (no.) 7,680 7,637 6,980 8,470 8,613 Rate (%) 8.5% 8.2% 7.5% 9.1% 8.9% Persons (no.) 2,799 2,707 2,310 2,674 2,592 Rate (%) 6.0% 5.6% 4.8% 5.5% 5.2% Persons (no.) 3,062 2,843 2,505 3,073 3,088 Rate (%) 8.2% 7.4% 6.5% 8.0% 7.8% Persons (no.) 3,435 3,683 3,432 4,382 4,578 Rate (%) 7.2% 7.5% 7.0% 8.9% 9.0% Persons (no.) 4,354 4,674 4,490 6,006 6,362 Rate (%) 6.4% 6.7% 6.3% 8.5% 8.7% Victoria Rate (%) 5.1% 5.5% 5.1% 5.4% 5.6% Small Area Labour Markets, DEEWR, June 2013 quarter. *Smoothed unemployment figures are averaged figures over the previous year. Smoothed rates are used to remove seasonal variations, and to permit a wider range of valid time comparisons. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 70 of 136

71 3.2 Employment In 2011 in the HealthWest catchment, the proportion of people working and living in the same LGA was lower in all LGAs compared with the Victorian average. The HealthWest LGAs had lower proportions of people working in the area that were employed in highly skilled occupations compared with the Victorian average. The overall percentage of employment of persons 15 years and over was lower in Brimbank, Hobsons Bay and Maribyrnong compared with the Victorian average. See Table C2. Table C2: Employment figures by LGA, 2006 and 2011 Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham NWMR Victorian % people working and living in same LGA % people working in the area employed in highly skilled occupations % of people aged 15 years & over who are employed ABS Census of Population and Housing, 2006 and Labour force participation Sector participation For males across the HealthWest catchment, manufacturing was the most common sector for employment. This is particularly true for Brimbank where over 11,900 people (males and females) reported working in the manufacturing sector. Across the catchment, construction was the next most common sector followed by transport, postal and warehousing, and retail trade for males. See Table C3. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 71 of 136

72 Table C3: Industry Employment for Males by LGA Males Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Agriculture, forestry & fishing Mining Manufacturing 8,758 3,296 2,314 4,918 6,883 Electricity, gas, water & waste services Construction 5,314 2,634 1,560 4,755 5,616 Wholesale trade 2,284 1, ,578 2,572 Retail trade 3,704 1,651 1,590 2,348 3,522 Accommodation & food services Transport, postal & warehousing Information media & telecommunications Financial & insurance services Rental, hiring & real estate services Professional, scientific & technical services Administrative & support services Public administration & safety 2,410 1,145 1,431 1,100 1,863 5,476 2,273 1,530 3,862 5, ,017 1, , ,986 1,746 1,740 1,237 2,801 1, ,526 1,770 1,244 1,079 1,304 2,593 Education & training 1, , ,265 Health care & social assistance Arts & recreation services 1, , Other services 1, ,190 1,480 Inadequately described/not stated 1, ,133 Total 43,058 21,406 18,832 28,026 42,754 Census Basic Community Profile, ABS, 2011 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 72 of 136

73 For females across the HealthWest catchment the most common industry of employment was health care and social assistance, followed by retail trade and education and training. See Table C4. Table C4: Industry Employment for females by LGA FEMALES Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Agriculture, forestry & fishing Mining Manufacturing 3,208 1, ,529 2,208 Electricity, gas, water & waste services Construction Wholesale trade 1, ,413 Retail trade 4,736 1,932 1,639 3,355 4,679 Accommodation & food services Transport, postal & warehousing Information media & telecommunications Financial & insurance services Rental, hiring & real estate services Professional, scientific & technical services Administrative & support services Public administration & safety 2,626 1,126 1,151 1,633 2,337 1, ,294 1, ,892 1, ,254 2, ,717 1,506 1,392 1,17 2,143 1, ,513 1,663 1,278 1,179 1,389 2,216 Education & training 2,927 2,193 1,784 2,295 3,240 Health care & social assistance 5,625 3,046 2,571 3,996 5,941 Arts & recreation services Other services 1, ,132 Inadequately described/not stated 1, Total 33,324 18,035 15,841 22,911 34,503 Census Basic Community Profile, ABS, 2011 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 73 of 136

74 3.4 Individual income In , Brimbank had the lowest average income of the five HealthWest LGAs. The breakdown by occupation shows a relatively much higher proportion of labourers, and a correspondingly lower proportion of managers and professionals in Brimbank and residents were also, in general, at the low end of average income within individual occupations. Although ranked third of the five HealthWest LGAs for median income, Hobsons Bay had the highest average income, suggesting a small proportion of the population earning unusually high incomes. As well as having a relatively high proportion in the better paid occupations, Hobsons Bay residents also typically earned higher incomes within individual occupations compared to the remainder of the HealthWest catchment. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 74 of 136

75 Table C5: Average income by occupation, and Occupation Year %/$ Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Managers Professionals Technicians and Trades Workers Comm ty and Personal Service Clerical and Administrative Workers Sales Workers Machine Operators and Drivers Labourers Not Stated Total Overall Average % 9.00% 12.40% 11.20% 9.60% 11.20% $ $60,175 $76,399 $72,318 $59,086 $64, % 9.30% 12.90% 11.50% 10.10% 11.50% $ $63,561 $81,119 $77,162 $63,063 $69, % 13.50% 21.10% 24.70% 13.10% 16.70% $ $58,013 $64,377 $62,447 $58,077 $60, % 13.80% 21.20% 24.90% 13.40% 17.00% $ $60,851 $68,806 $65,773 $60,996 $64, % 11.90% 10.90% 9.20% 13.00% 11.90% $ $49,598 $53,850 $45,220 $51,661 $53, % 11.80% 11.00% 9.10% 12.70% 11.80% $ $52,651 $58,125 $48,704 $55,132 $58, % 8.70% 8.10% 8.80% 9.60% 9.00% $ $31,193 $34,840 $33,114 $33,678 $34, % 8.80% 8.20% 8.90% 9.70% 9.00% $ $33,049 $36,361 $35,243 $35,442 $36, % 17.70% 18.40% 16.20% 19.40% 19.70% $ $39,580 $42,939 $43,536 $41,208 $41, % 15.60% 16.50% 14.70% 17.10% 17.60% $ $43,236 $47,271 $47,829 $44,202 $45, % 8.50% 6.80% 6.80% 8.50% 8.10% $ $27,095 $33,041 $30,507 $29,147 $30, % 9.60% 7.70% 7.30% 9.50% 8.90% $ $27,250 $32,432 $31,694 $29,361 $31, % 9.00% 6.70% 5.10% 10.10% 9.00% $ $46,056 $47,049 $44,116 $49,373 $49, % 9.20% 6.90% 5.30% 10.30% 9.10% $ $48,091 $48,857 $45,419 $51,567 $52, % 16.00% 9.80% 12.10% 11.80% 9.80% $ $33,376 $34,683 $28,598 $36,961 $36, % 15.90% 9.70% 12.20% 11.60% 9.70% $ $35,317 $36,736 $30,834 $39,385 $39, % 5.80% 5.80% 6.00% 4.90% 4.60% $ $34,677 $41,688 $39,464 $33,938 $38, % 6.00% 6.00% 6.20% 5.50% 5.40% $ $36,310 $43,974 $41,546 $35,064 $39, % % % % % % % % % % % % $ $42,636 $50,865 $47,751 $44,724 $47, $ $45,009 $54,233 $50,868 $47,197 $50,434 Wage and Salary Earner Statistics for Small Areas, Time Series, to , ABS 2013 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 75 of 136

76 3.5 Location of employment As Figure C2 indicates, apart from Maribyrnong where most people travelled into Melbourne for work, all other LGAs reported more residents working within their own LGA of residence. Travelling to Melbourne was the next most common place of employment across the region. Interestingly, no Brimbank, Maribyrnong, or Wyndham residents identified travelling to Melton for work. Figure C2: Top 10 Local Government Areas of employment for residents % of people Top 10 Local Government Areas of employment for residents, 2006 Brimbank Hobson's Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham LGAs Census Journey to work, ABS, unpublished data Source: Brimbank Hobson's Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Hume Moonee Valley Port Phillip Yarra Moreland Stonnington Greater Geelong Melbourne HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 76 of 136

77 4. Health and Disease 4.1 Life Expectancy & Mortality Life Expectancy at Birth Life expectancy, as shown in figure D1, indicates that males in Wyndham have an equal life expectancy to the Victorian average, and the highest life expectancy of males across the West. Males in Maribyrnong and Melton had significantly lower life expectancy than the Victorian average. Across all western LGAs and Victoria, females had a higher life expectancy than males at birth. Wyndham had the highest life expectancy for females across the west and for Victoria. Other than Wyndham the remaining four LGAs had a lower life expectancy than the Victorian average. Figure D1: Average Life Expectancy at Birth by gender and LGA Victorian Health Information Service System, Avoidable Deaths Between 2003 and 2007, Brimbank, Hobsons Bay, Maribyrnong and Melton had a higher rate of avoidable deaths per population than the Victorian average. Within the HealthWest catchment, Maribyrnong had the highest rate and this was significantly higher than the Victorian average. Wyndham had the lowest rate of avoidable deaths per population in the region. Table D1 shows the number and rate of avoidable deaths by LGA. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 77 of 136

78 Table D1: Avoidable Deaths* - All Causes, LGA No. Rate# Brimbank 1, Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria 37, Social Health Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, 2011 # per 100,000 population Selected avoidable mortality rates Compared to state averages, Maribyrnong had significantly higher rates of avoidable deaths for: ischaemic heart and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, hepatitis and liver cancer and alcohol related conditions. Within the HealthWest catchment, Maribyrnong had the greatest number of conditions that had very high rates of avoidable deaths. Brimbank had very high rates of avoidable deaths due to diabetes and to hepatitis and liver cancer; Hobsons Bay had very high rates of avoidable deaths due to hepatitis and liver, oral and stomach cancers as well as alcohol related conditions and Wyndham had very high rates of avoidable deaths due to stomach and colorectal cancers. Table D2: Selected avoidable mortality rates* by LGA Condition Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham VIC Ischaemic heart disease ( ) Cardiovascular diseases ( ) Cancer ( ) Lung cancer ( ) Colorectal cancer ( ) Diabetes ( ) Breast cancer ( ) Stroke ( ) Respiratory system diseases ( ) COPD # ( ) Hepatitis and liver cancer ( ) Stomach cancer ( ) Oral cancers ( ) N/A Alcohol related conditions ( ) Skin cancers ( ) Social Health Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, 2011; Better Health Plan for the West, 2012 *Standardised Rate per 100,000 Persons #Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Note: red numbers denote percentages that are greater than 1.5 times the state average HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 78 of 136

79 4.3 Diabetes Three of the five LGAs in HealthWest catchment are considered diabetes hotspots, with prevalence of diabetes greater than 4% of the population. The following prevalence data is based on 2011 Diabetes Australia Victoria data and outlines prevalence in 2011 as well as increases in diabetes since Table D3: Prevalence and incidence of diabetes by LGA, 2011 LGA Number of people with diabetes % of people with diabetes % rise in number of cases from Number new cases diagnosed each week Brimbank 11, Hobsons Bay 4, Maribyrnong 3, Melton 4, Wyndham 6, Victoria 252, Diabetes Australia Victoria, 2011 In , compared to Victoria, residents of Maribyrnong, Hobsons Bay and Melton were more likely to report having ever been diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes by a doctor. Within the catchment, Melton residents had the highest rate while Brimbank had the lowest. At NWMR level, males were much more likely than females to report they had ever been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Table D4: Prevalence# of type 2 diabetes by LGA, Yes % Brimbank 4.0 Hobsons Bay 5.9 Maribyrnong 5.3 Melton 8.5 Wyndham 4.4 NWMR Males 7.1 Females 4.7 Victoria 5.0 Victorian Population Health Survey, # Self-reported, doctor diagnosed The results of the Victorian Population Health Survey indicate that, at the state level, there are certain socio-economic and health-related risk factors associated with rates of type 2 diabetes that are significantly higher than the state average. Males with the following characteristics were significantly more likely to have type 2 diabetes: Not in the labour force Income < $40,000 per annum High or very high psychological distress Sedentary activity level HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 79 of 136

80 Current smoker Fair / poor self-reported health, and Obese. Females with the following characteristics were significantly more likely to have type 2 diabetes: High or very high psychological distress Sedentary activity level Alcohol abstainer Fair / poor self-reported health, and Obese. 4.4 Mental Health Prevalence of mental and behavioural problems In , compared to the Victorian average figure, there was a slightly higher rate of males from Hobsons Bay and Maribyrnong who had mental and behavioural problems. Within the HealthWest catchment, Maribyrnong had the highest rate and Wyndham had the lowest. In , compared to the Victorian average figure, there was a slightly higher rate of females from Brimbank, Hobsons Bay and Maribyrnong who had mental and behavioural problems. Within the HealthWest catchment, Brimbank had the highest rate and Wyndham had the lowest. Overall, females were more likely than males to have mental and behavioural problems. See Table D4. Table D5: Population of people with mental and behavioural problems* by sex, LGA Males Females No. Rate# No. Rate# Brimbank 8, , Hobsons Bay 4, , Maribyrnong 3, , Melton 4, , Wyndham 6, , Victoria 257, , Social Health Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, 2011 *synthetic prediction # rate per 100 population Prevalence of mood (affective) problems In , compared to the Victorian male average, Maribyrnong and Wyndham males were more likely to report they had ever been diagnosed by a doctor with depression or anxiety; while Melton females were more likely to HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 80 of 136

81 report they had ever been diagnosed by a doctor with depression or anxiety compared to the Victorian female average. Reflecting the pattern for Victoria overall, females were much more likely than males to report having ever been diagnosed with depression or anxiety. Table D6: Lifetime prevalence# of depression and anxiety by sex and LGA, Males Females Persons Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria Victorian Population Health Survey, # Self-reported, doctor diagnosed Results of the VPHS indicate that, at the state level: Males aged are most likely to report they have ever been diagnosed with depression and anxiety, compared to other males Females aged are most likely to report they have ever been diagnosed with depression and anxiety compared to other females, although rates were only very slightly lower in the age cohort Females are significantly more likely to report they have ever been diagnosed with depression and anxiety, compared to males Males and females with the following characteristics are significantly more likely to report they have ever been diagnosed with depression and anxiety: primary school level education, unemployed or not in labour force, annual income of <$40,000, and moderate to very high levels of psychological distress Females living in rural areas are also significantly more likely to report they have ever been diagnosed with depression and anxiety. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 81 of 136

82 In , compared to the Victorian average figure, there was a slightly higher rate of males and females from Brimbank, Hobsons Bay and Maribyrnong who had mood (affective) problems. Maribyrnong had the highest rate of mood affective problems in males and Wyndham had the lowest. Brimbank had the highest rate of mood (affective) problems in females, while Wyndham had the lowest. Overall, females were more likely than males to have a mood (affective) problem. Table D7: Population with mood (affective) problems* by sex ( ) Males Females No. Rate# No. Rate# Brimbank 5, , Hobsons Bay 2, , Maribyrnong 2, , Melton 2, , Wyndham 3, , Victoria 156, , Social Health Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, 2011 *synthetic prediction # rate per 100 pop Prevalence of high/very high psychological distress Compared to Victoria, in all HealthWest LGAs except Maribyrnong had higher rates of population that had high or very high levels of psychological distress. Within the HealthWest catchment, Melton had the highest rate, followed by Brimbank. The Melton rate was almost double the State average. Table D8: High/Very High Level of Psychological Distress*, Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria High (22 29) and very high (30 50) levels of psychological distress Victorian Population Health Survey, *based on Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale VPHS respondents from all five HealthWest LGAs, who indicated that they had suffered some level of psychological distress in the four weeks prior to the survey, were less likely than the Victorian average to report that the number of days they had been totally unable to work, study or manage day to day activities as a result was 'None'. Compared to Victoria, Wyndham had a lower proportion of respondents who responded One to Seven Days ; while the other four LGAs had a higher proportion. Within the HealthWest catchment, Melton had the HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 82 of 136

83 highest proportion who were totally unable to work, study or manage day to day activities for one to seven days; and Wyndham had the lowest. (Results for more than seven days have a high Relative Standard Error and should be interpreted with caution). Table D9: Totally unable to work, study or manage day to day activities due to psychological distress# by LGA, None 1 to 7 days 8 to 14 days 15 to 28 days Brimbank ** 1.0* Hobsons Bay ** 0.6* Maribyrnong ** ** Melton ** 3.0* Wyndham ** 2.5* Victoria Victorian Population Health Survey, # Of population who indicated some level of psychological distress in the past four weeks * Estimate has a relative standard error (RSE) of between 25 and 50 per cent and should be interpreted with caution. ** Estimate has a RSE greater than 50 per cent and is not reported as it is unreliable for general use. VPHS respondents, who indicated that they had suffered some level of psychological distress in the four weeks prior to the survey, were asked how many days they had cut down on work, study or day to day activities as a result. Compared to Victoria, Hobsons Bay had a higher proportion who responded none ; while the other HealthWest LGAs had a lower proportion. Compared to Victoria, Hobsons Bay residents were less likely to report having cut down on work, study or day to day activities due to psychological distress for 1-7 days; while residents of other HealthWest LGAs were more likely. Within the HealthWest catchment, Melton had the highest proportion who had cut down on work, study or day to day activities for 1-7 days. (Results for more than 7 days have a high Relative Standard Error and should be interpreted with caution). Table D10: Cut down on work, study or day to day activities due to psychological distress# by LGA, None 1 to 7 days 8 to 14 days 15 to 28 days Brimbank * 1.2* Hobsons Bay * 3.8* Maribyrnong ** 3.1* Melton * 1.8* Wyndham * 3.0* Victoria Victorian Population Health Survey, # Of population who indicated some level of psychological distress in the past four weeks * Estimate has a relative standard error (RSE) of between 25 and 50 per cent and should be interpreted with caution. ** Estimate has a RSE greater than 50 per cent and is not reported as it is unreliable for general use. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 83 of 136

84 VPHS respondents, who indicated that they had suffered some level of psychological distress in the four weeks prior to the survey, were asked how many visits to a health professional they had made due to that psychological distress. Compared to Victoria, Hobsons Bay residents were more likely to respond None ; while residents of Brimbank, Maribyrnong, Melton and Wyndham were less likely to report None. Within the HealthWest catchment, residents of Brimbank were most likely to have visited a health professional due to psychological distress once, and residents of Maribyrnong least likely. (Results for more than one visit have a high Relative Standard Error and should be interpreted with caution). Table D11: Visits to a health profession due to psychological distress# by LGA, None Once Twice More than twice Brimbank * 2.0* Hobsons Bay * ** Maribyrnong * 3.0* Melton * 3.0* Wyndham * 3.3* Victoria Victorian Population Health Survey, # Of population who indicated some level of psychological distress in the past four weeks * Estimate has a relative standard error (RSE) of between 25 and 50 per cent and should be interpreted with caution. ** Estimate has a RSE greater than 50 per cent and is not reported as it is unreliable for general use. VPHS respondents, who indicated that they had suffered some level of psychological distress in the four weeks prior to the survey, were asked if physical ill health was the main cause of their psychological distress. Within the HealthWest catchment, residents of Brimbank, Melton and Wyndham were slightly less likely to respond that physical ill health was the main cause of their psychological distress 'none of the time'. Compared to Victorian averages, residents of Brimbank and Melton were more likely to respond that physical ill health was the main cause of their psychological distress 'all or most of the time' or 'some of the time'. Table on following page. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 84 of 136

85 Table D12: Physical ill health as main cause of psychological distress# by LGA, None of the time All or most of the time Some of the time A little of the time Brimbank Hobsons Bay * 10.5 Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria Victorian Population Health Survey, # Of population who indicated some level of psychological distress in the past four weeks * Estimate has a relative standard error (RSE) of between 25 and 50 per cent and should be interpreted with caution. ** Estimate has a RSE greater than 50 per cent and is not reported as it is unreliable for general use. Results from the VPHS indicate that, at the state level: Females are much more likely than males to have very high levels of psychological distress In females, very high levels of psychological distress decrease with age Males and females aged 65 years and over have the lowest levels of very high psychological distress Males with the following characteristics are significantly more likely to have very high levels of psychological distress: primary school level education, unemployed or not in labour force, annual income of <$40,000, sedentary, current smoker, abstainer, consumes alcohol at levels risky or high risk for long-term health, fair/poor self-reported health, and has diabetes Females with the following characteristics are significantly more likely to have very high levels of psychological distress: primary school level education, unemployed or not in labour force, annual income of less than $40,000, sedentary, current smoker or ex-smoker, fair/poor self-reported health, obese, and has diabetes. HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 85 of 136

86 4.4.4 Mental health service utilisation The proportion of persons who sought professional help for a mental health problem was lower than the Victorian average in Brimbank, Maribyrnong, Melton and Wyndham; while it was higher in Hobsons Bay. Brimbank had the lowest proportion in the catchment. See Table D7. Table D13: Persons who sought professional help for a mental health problem, Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria Proportion (%) of persons who sought professional help for a mental health problem in the last 12 months Victorian Population Health Survey, In , compared to the Victorian average figure, Maribyrnong and Wyndham had a higher proportion of residents that were registered mental health clients. Within the HealthWest catchment, Maribyrnong had the highest rate and Melton had the lowest. See Table D8. Table D14: Registered mental health clients per 1,000 population*, Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria Local Government Area Profiles - DoH 2013 *Registered on the Victorian public mental health client information management system Deaths from suicide and self-inflicted injuries Between 2003 and 2007, compared to the Victorian average, Maribyrnong had a higher rate of avoidable deaths from suicide or self-inflicted injuries per 100,000 population aged 0 74 years. Within the HealthWest catchment, Maribyrnong had the highest rate, followed by Brimbank. See Table D9. Table D15: Deaths from suicide & self-inflicted injuries, persons aged 0-74 yrs, No. Rate p/100,000 pop. Brimbank (C) Hobsons Bay (C) Maribyrnong (C) Melton (S) Wyndham (C) Victoria 2, Social Health Atlas of Victorian Local Government Areas, 2011 *synthetic prediction HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 86 of 136

87 4.5 Cancer Prevalence of Cancer The Victorian Population Health Survey asked respondents if they had ever been diagnosed with cancer. The rate of self-reported cancer per population, compared to Victoria, was lower in all LGAS; with Brimbank the lowest and Maribyrnong the highest. Table D16: Prevalence of self-reported cancer by LGA, Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria Proportion of persons who have ever been diagnosed with cancer Victorian Population Health Survey, Incidence of cancer Within the HealthWest catchment, between 2007 and 2011, the average annual number of new cancer cases was highest in Brimbank. However, Hobsons Bay had the highest proportion of population diagnosed with cancer. Compared to the Victorian average, the HealthWest catchment LGAs had an equal or lower proportion of population diagnosed with new cancers in the period. Note that age structure has a strong relationship with cancer prevalence and figures here have not been age-standardised. Reflecting Victorian average figures, males were more likely than females to have been diagnosed with cancer. Hobsons Bay had the highest proportion of males diagnosed with cancer in the time-frame, while Maribyrnong had the highest proportion of females. Table D17: Incidence of all new cancers, Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria * Total* , Population 182,735 83,863 71, , ,575 5,354,042 % of Population 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.5% Males No ,904 Males % of new cancers 55.3% 57.4% 53.0% 53.0% 53.4% 56.4% Females No ,311 Females % of new cancers 44.7% 42.6% 46.6% 46.7% 46.3% 43.6% Cancer Council Victoria, 2011;Cancer in Victoria: Statistics and Trends *Figures shown at the LGA level are average new cases per year for the leading cancers in Victoria over the period 2007 to The figure for Victoria is the number of new cases in HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 87 of 136

88 Within the HealthWest catchment, between 2007 and 2011: Hobsons Bay had the highest proportion of all cancers that were bowel cancer, which was higher than the State average. The proportion of all diagnosed cancers that were prostate cancer and breast cancer were highest in Melton, followed by Wyndham and Brimbank. These proportions were higher than the Victorian average. In all HealthWest LGAs, lung cancer made up a larger proportion of all diagnosed cancers, compared to the Victorian average. Maribyrnong had the highest proportion and Melton had the lowest. The proportion of all diagnosed cancers that were melanoma cases was highest in Hobsons Bay, and was lowest in Brimbank. In all HealthWest LGAs, melanoma made up a smaller proportion of all diagnosed cancers, compared to the Victorian average. Table D18: Incidence of leading Victorian new cancers, Cancer Brimbank Hobsons Bay Maribyrnong Melton Wyndham Victoria * Bowel % 14.0% 12.7% 12.7% 12.3% 13.2% Prostate , % 11.5% 11.6% 15.6% 13.6% 12.3% Breast , % 11.5% 11.6% 15.6% 13.6% 12.3% Lung , % 9.9% 10.1% 9.2% 9.7% 8.7% Melanoma , % 7.2% 5.2% 6.4% 6.3% 7.9% Total new ,215 cancers* Cancer Council Victoria, 2012;Cancer in Victoria: Statistics and Trends * Figures shown at the LGA level are average new cases per year for the leading cancers in Victoria over the period 2007 to The figure for Victoria is the number of new cases in HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 88 of 136

89 4.6 Violence Against Women Violence perpetrated against women is a prevalence issue that significantly impacts on the health of women living in the west. Section presented the data on number of family incidents in the LGAs of the HealthWest catchment. The three figures in this section are taken directly from the VicHealth report The health costs of violence: Measuring the burden of disease caused by intimate partner violence 1 and demonstrate the health impact of violence against women. The table in this section is taken directly from the Victorian Burden of Disease Study. 2 There are a number of health outcomes contributing to the disease burden of intimate partner violence for women, with depression and anxiety contributing the greatest proportion of this burden (see Figure 1 from VicHealth report). Table 27 from the Victorian government report shows this data by age groups. Intimate partner violence is the greatest risk factor contributing to disease burden in Victorian women aged years, and is the sixth greatest risk factor contributing to disease burden in Victorian women of all ages (see Figures 2 and 3 from the VicHealth report). Source: VicHealth, VicHealth The health costs of violence: Measuring the burden of disease caused by intimate partner violence. Accessed December 2011, 2 Victorian Government Department of Human Services Victorian Burden of Disease Study: Mortality and morbidity in Accessed December 2011, pdf HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 89 of 136

90 Source: Department of Human Services, 2005 Source: VicHealth, 2004 HealthWest Partnership 9th February 2015 Page 90 of 136