Aging population and effects on labour market
|
|
- Angelica Short
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Available online at Procedia Economics and Finance 1 ( 2012 ) International Conference On Applied Economics (ICOAE) 2012 Aging population and effects on labour market Andreea Claudia Serban* Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Caderea Bastiliei St, no.2-4,010611, Romania Abstract This paper analyses the influence of demographic conditions on labour market, including also in the study the impact of education. The aging and decreasing population prospects require special attention due to the pressure added on the social security systems. An older labour force is less adaptable to the changing conditions of globalization. Our findings suggest that the effects of unfavourable demographic conditions on labour market can be partially over passed by education in all developed and developing countries all over the world, but especially in European Union. This could imply a growing activity and occupation rates that create resources for supporting the next generations of older but more educated people Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of of the the Organising Committee of ICOAE 2012 Keywords: aging population; education; old age dependency ratio; exit age; long-term unemployment 1. Introduction One of the most important characteristic of demography is aging and decreasing population. All European Union countries face these problems with different intensities from one region to another. We intend to make an analyze of demographic conditions in European Countries, especially in Romania, to see which are the * Andreea Claudia Serban. Tel.: address: andre_serban@yahoo.com Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Organising Committee of ICOAE 2012 doi: /s (12)00041-x
2 Andreea Claudia Serban / Procedia Economics and Finance 1 ( 2012 ) effects that should be considered when we refer to increasing dependency ratio and social security systems, occupational structure and long-term unemployment. Considering labour market, an aging population is also an important source of rigidity, a factor that disrupts the good functioning of the labour market. Under condition of increasing competition and globalization, the rigidity becomes a matter of adapting to rapid economic changes. This paper also analyzes the importance of education in solving the problems of aging and decreasing population. Education should be viewed not only as formal education but as education for the whole life, should be viewed as lifelong learning. An increasing share of (working) population should be included in lifelong learning in order to quickly and better respond to the needs of current society that implies a technological advance faster than ever Demographic evolution The most important change in demographic situation in European Union is the transition towards a much older population and a rate of population growth that has been gradually slowing down in recent decades. Although the population of the European Union as a whole increased in 2011, the population in seven Member States was already declining (Bulgaria, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Portugal and Romania). The population of European Union grew by 13,7 million people in 2010 due to net migration (8,6 million people) and natural change (5,1 mil. people), but compared to previous years, both components (net migration and natural change) decrease. Unlike European Union, in Romania population decrease in the last years, the main reason for this change being the natural decrease (the negative difference between live births and deaths). Total population (mil. pers.) 600,0 500,0 400,0 300,0 482,8 501,1 514,4 522,3 525,7 524,1 516,9 470,4 457,0 435,5 402,6 23,2 22,1 22,5 21,5 21,0 20,1 20,3 19,4 18,3 18,5 17, ,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 European Union (X Axis) Romania (Y Axis) Figure 1: Evolution of total population, European Union and Romania (Source: Eurostat Statistics, demo_pjan, proj_10c2150p) Figure 1 presents the evolution of total population in European Union and in Romania between 1960 and 2060 (level registered till 2010, projection made by European Commission from 2020 to 2060). In European Union population will continue to grow till 2050, but with a decreasing rate. Demographic situation in Romania shows a constant decrease in total population starting This situation is the result of aberrant demographic policies from the last decades of the last century referring to the right to abortion and contraception, the planning of birth rate, restrictive legislation on divorce and financial penalty for people without children. Under these circumstances, the repeal of restrictive measures in 1990 led to a reversal of the birth rate in the next years. It is important to mention that demographic changes in Romania after 1990 were also influenced by the economic and social crisis that characterized most of this period and by entitlement to free movement.
3 358 Andreea Claudia Serban / Procedia Economics and Finance 1 ( 2012 ) While the population of the European Union is growing, the age structure of the population is becoming older due to increasing life expectancy and low levels of fertility sustained for decades. The share of older persons in the total population will increase significantly in the coming decades, as a greater proportion of the post-war baby-boom generation reaches retirement. This will, in turn, lead to an increased burden on those of working age to provide for social expenditure required by the ageing population (European Commission, 2011). Figure 2 shows the distribution of population by age groups in European Union and in Romania. The share of old people increase in European Union from 14% in 1990 to 18% in 2010 and to a projection of 30% in In Romania the trend is the same but the aging will be more rapid till 2060 due to the generation from the 80s of the last century. Considering this, in 2060, 35% of total population will be 65 years or older. Demographic projections, European Union 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 3% 3% 5% 6% 7% 9% 11% 12% 11% 12% 13% 14% 17% 18% 18% 18% 60% 61% 61% 59% 56% 54% 52% 51% 27% 24% 21% 21% 20% 19% 19% 19% over 80 years years years 0-19 years Demographic projections, Romania 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2% 2% 3% 4% 9% 5% 7% 11% 9% 12% 13% 13% 15% 18% 21% 22% 58% 61% 64% 63% 62% 58% 53% 49% 32% 26% 21% 20% 18% 17% 16% 16% over 80 years years years 0-19 years Figure 2: Evolution of age structure of population, , EU and Romania (source: Eurostat Statistics, demo_pjan) Aging trend is more pronounced in the rural areas. As 1st January 2010 the average age for total population was 39.6 years (38.1 years for men and 41 for women) while for rural areas the average age was 40.2 years. Unfortunately, most of this population is employed in subsistence agriculture, having fewer opportunities to get out of this situation and calling for increased resources to be supported Mitigating demographic trends by migration Migration can rebalance the demographic age structure in the high-income nations. In many EU Member States immigration is not only increasing the total population but is also bringing a much younger population. Having low or negative natural population growth rates, these countries consider the potential for migration a solving strategy for the dynamic problem of supporting an ageing population. More highly-skilled migrants are probably large net contributors to the tax revenue, as are migrants of working age, and those who stay only temporarily rather than becoming dependent upon state support in their old age. Thus, unless migration is managed explicitly for this purpose, it is unlikely to offer a major source of relief in the pending social
4 Andreea Claudia Serban / Procedia Economics and Finance 1 ( 2012 ) security crises. On the other hand, economic crisis has prompted a series of reviews of policies on labour migration for the purposes of encouraging employment among the native population, Spain is one example. Even if these regulations are contrary to the principle of free movement of EU labour market, they affect short-term European labour market and of course Romania, directly targeted by measures in Spain. In Figure 3 it is presented the age distribution for Romanian citizens living in Spain and Italy in Foreigners living in the European Union are diverse and largely younger than the nationals of the EU Member States. As we strengthened before, migration brings young population in destination country. In Italy and Spain, the first two countries that receive Romanian citizens, is overwhelming the share of the population under 40 years (over 76% of total migrants). Age distribution of Romanian citizens living in Spain/Italy comparing to Spanish/Italian citizens living in their own countries, 2010 Italian Citizens living in Italy 29,2% 14,5% 15,6% 40,7% Romanian Citizens living in Italy 44,1% 32,1% 17,0% 6,7% Spanish Citizens living in Spain 31,7% 16,0% 15,5% 36,8% Romanian Citizens living in Spain 48,3% 28,1% 14,8% 8,8% 0% 50% 100% Less than 30 years From 30 to 39 years From 40 to 49 years 50 years and older Figure 3: Comparative situation of the age distribution for Spanish/Italian citizens versus Romanian migrants living in Spain/Italy (Source: Eurostat Statistics migr_pop1ctz) Intrinsic labour demands in modern industrial societies create a constant need for new workers at the bottom of the social hierarchy, who will accept low wages and a lack of social mobility perspectives, motivated by a desire to increase status in their community of origin rather than at destination. The demographic ageing process taking place in modern industrial states may further enhance the demand for lowskills immigrant labour. The main reason of migration for Romanian citizens is the existence of economic disparities between Romania and the developed countries, which leads individuals to seek better paid jobs in the hope of obtaining higher earnings. The dominant restraint on international migration is surely a reluctance to relocate, despite widening income gaps between the poorest and wealthiest nations. Most people would simply rather stay home, though many are impelled to migrate by the failure of employment to keep pace with the labour force or the lack of security in their home countries. And as Figure 3 shows the major part of Romanian citizens living in Spain and Italy (choose migration) represents young people, deepening the importance of aging problems in departure countries Influences on labour market Becoming a process of increasing importance, the aging population needs to be addressed by some convergent solution of birth stimulation and of increasing human capital. Human capital represents the base for future society development. Evolution of population in terms of age structure, area of residence, level of education is important factor of labour market. The limited demographic growth and aging population require special attention to higher capitalization of human capital, both through training of employees, and especially by increasing labour productivity. The demographic trends in recent years and the pessimistic forecasts for the next period will affect overall economy. Two categories of effects were found (Caron et al., 2005): Direct effects: the size and quality of employment, capital/labour ratio and technical progress;
5 360 Andreea Claudia Serban / Procedia Economics and Finance 1 ( 2012 ) Indirect effects: effects on budgets and, thus, on the whole economy. The impact of aging on the labour market is reflected in the negative impact on labour volume, diminishing economic resources needed to support older people, pressure on education systems, social and health insurance. In the short term, positive effects can be expected by reducing costs for pre and post natal leaves, child benefits, healthcare, education, in the long term, however, increase the elderly dependency ratio. Expected decline of the working age population is a phenomenon that will affect European Union labour market in the next four decades, according to European Commission forecast. If we consider the increase in life expectancy forecasted by European Commission for period , the difference between average exit age and life expectancy will increase significantly till In 2009 the average exit age from the labour market was 61.4 years in European Union (Figure 4) and life expectancy was 79 years. Till 2060 life expectancy will increase by 7.8 years for women and 6.4 years for men in European Union. This means that will be a supplementary pressure on social security systems. As we stressed before, labour market in Romania is now characterised by natural reducing of labour force supply due to decrease and aging population, situation that determine measures for increasing working life, 65 years for men and 60 years for women. The same type of measures were already adopted in other EU countries (official retirement age is 65 years in Belgium, Portugal, Finland, Ireland, Denmark, Netherlands, retirement age is 67 years in Sweden and Germany has increased retirement age from 65 to 67). Average exit age from labour market, ,0 64,0 63,0 62,0 61,0 60,0 59,0 58,0 57,0 56,0 European Union Sweden Romania Ireland * Bulgaria Netherlands United Kingdom Cyprus Latvia * Portugal * Estonia Spain Denmark Germany Finland Belgium * Greece Austria * Czech Republic Malta Italy France Lithuania * Slovenia * Luxembourg * Poland * Hungary Slovakia Figure 4: Average Exit age (* level refers to the recent available date ( ), Source: Eurostat Statistics) Also as a consequence of increasing life expectancy as a result of medicine progress and as a consequence of reducing fertility rate (due to birth control, increasing level of education and labour force participation rate especially for women) old age dependency ratio will increase in all European Union s countries (Figure 5). Life expectancy for women in Romania will increase by 7.5 years reaching 85 years in 2050 and for men will increase by 10 years reaching 79.9 years. This represents a supplementary pressure on social security systems. Old Age Dependency Ratio ,77 50,16 45,52 52,55 38,33 31,37 53,81 20,60 21,90 23,20 24,70 25,90 40,65 30,23 25,68 15,6 17,6 19,3 21,1 21, EU Rom Figure 5: Old age dependency ratio, , EU and Romania (Sursa: Eurostat Statistics)
6 Andreea Claudia Serban / Procedia Economics and Finance 1 ( 2012 ) Under these conditions there are solutions for reducing the burden of elderly referring to increasing the retirement age as we mention above, or at least give those interested the chance to work after retirement. Increasing retirement age and employment rate to 75% (the Lisbon and Europe 2020 strategies aims) represents common European policies to which Romania have to adapt. Another effect of aging population having impact on economic development is the change of demand and consumption structure. Some economic sectors may have spectacular development (services for older people such as medical services, and food services) over others (education, transport, recreation and consumer goods, housing services respectively) (Hagemann, Nicoletti, 1989). This may require significant shifts between sectors and increase occupational mobility (inside and outside national borders), which in turn can lead, at least in the short term, to productivity decreases if most of the newcomers have a relatively low qualification in the new field. In this respect, studies in developing and developed countries shows that population aging could lead to development of low-productivity sectors (Thiessen, 2007). The relationship between productivity and age of employees is a complex problem. The relation can not be easily addressed because of seniority allowances that add to the salary. Some author show that, despite the fact that income continues to grow in the second part of active life on the labour market, productivity can be reduced (Skirbekk, 2003). This creates a discrepancy between wages and productivity, so that young workers are paid less and older more than their individual productivity. In this approach, companies will lose if they employ older workers comparing to the situation they employ young workers. Therefore, the income levels of older workers exceed their productivity, their employment opportunities are reduced. The cause for productivity decreases due to age can be reduced cognitive abilities over a person's life (Caron et al., 2005). Some skills like sense of observation decreased significantly from young age, while others, such as communication skills known only minor changes throughout life. Even with broader experience, older people can learn in a lesser degree and have a low memory and reasoning capacity. Periods of unemployment at an older age can cause great problems for population that are about to exit labour market. While unemployment is a matter of great importance, long-term unemployment becomes increasingly important for older people as it is already for youth. The quick technological advance and even changing population age-structure may require shifting jobs (employment structure) and qualification that are much difficult at an older age. Long-term unemployment, as percent of total unemployment, for people over 50 years is very high both in Romania and in European Union. In Romania 43.7% of unemployed persons over 50 years were in this situation for more than 12 month, comparing to total long-term unemployed that represents 34.9% is the first year when long-term unemployment as percent of total unemployment was lower in Romania comparing to EU average (Figure 6). Long-term unemployment by age groups 80,0 40,0 29,528,5 45,3 40,7 59,2 52,1 44,0 39,9 36,334,0 52,7 33,4 68,8 43,7 48,6 34,9 0,0 From 15 to 24 years From 25 to 49 years From 50 to 64 years Total (15-64 years) From 15 to 24 years From 25 to 49 years From 50 to 64 years Total (15-64 years) EU Romania Figure 6: Long-term unemployment as percent of total unemployment by age groups (Source: Eurostat Statistics, lfsa_upgal)
7 362 Andreea Claudia Serban / Procedia Economics and Finance 1 ( 2012 ) Concluding, demographic trends will lead to changes in the labour market through both direct effects affecting the size and quality of working age population, changing occupational structure but also by increased pressure on social security systems and effects on labour productivity Education for future Education is important for both the present and the future, giving individuals the knowledge, abilities, skills to participate effectively in society life, to expand the actual knowledge, to successfully activate, integrate and reintegrate on the labour market. The educational attainment can be use as a measure of human capital. The structure of education can be useful information to estimate the skills available in a population and labour force. Considering the current demographic prospects regarding aging, migration, limited growth, education is the main process that can improve the future evolution on labour market in order to create the necessary resources for the next generation (fewer but older). As a result of globalization and of increasing the international competition decreases the demand for workers with low skills, new jobs involving high performance, flexibility, the focus on qualities such as: high level of training, creativity, openness to change, initiative. Labour flexibility that becomes more and more important in the globalization world can be developed through education. People need more knowledge, skills and work in multidisciplinary teams. Not all people can become conceptual analysts (Reich, 1996) and, as noted, neither it is required but only an adaptation of all people to the new system, the new economy. Education plays a central role in preparing individuals to enter the labour force, as well as equipping them with the skills to engage in lifelong learning experiences. Rapid expansion of education has not necessarily been accompanied by rapid economic growth in many developing countries. Across EU countries, the share of younger adults (25-34 years-old) who have attained at least upper secondary education is 66%. Younger adults have higher levels of tertiary education than the generation about to leave the labour market (55-64 years-old). On average across EU countries, 23% of all adults have completed tertiary education, but among younger adults this level rises to 33% while among the older age group it falls to 19%. In Romania, 12% of all adults have completed tertiary education, with a higher difference between younger adults (21%) and older adults (8%) (Figure 7). Educational attainment of the population by age group, % 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 13% 11% 8% 21% 28% 23% 19% 33% 50% 42% 66% 55% 69% 48% 48% 47% 41% 38% 29% 24% 19% 24% 17% 23% years years years years years years years years Romania UE Tertiary education - levels 5-6 (ISCED 1997) Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education - levels 3-4 (ISCED 1997) Pre-primary, primary and lower secondary education - levels 0-2 (ISCED 1997) Figure 7: Education attainment by age groups, 2010 (Source: Eurostat Statistics) The current economy requires well trained, adapted workforce. Education, especially but not only formal education as the basic ingredient in creating human capital is a precondition for the future economic development, being but at the same time, the result of the past economic development, since raising the living
8 Andreea Claudia Serban / Procedia Economics and Finance 1 ( 2012 ) standards along with the continuous economic growth and the more complex social and economic environment lead to an increase in demand for adequate human capital. The role of education in providing access to employment is reflected in increasing employment opportunities for the educated people. People with higher levels of education have better job opportunities, reflected in a higher employment rates on labour market: the employment rate for tertiary educated people was 82% in Romania and in European Union, greater than total employment rate both in European Union (64%) and in Romania (59%). Persons with tertiary education are more likely to be in work than nongraduates (Figure 8). Implication of education on labour market, ,8 75, ,6 46,3 67,9 87,1 64,2 45,1 68,4 82,3 58, ,2 82,4 Total Primary 30 9,7 16,2 9,1 5,4 7,6 7,2 8,3 5,4 Secondary Tertiary 0 EU Rom EU Rom EU Rom Activity Employment Unemployment Figure 8: Implications of education on labour market (Source: Eurostat Statistics, lfsa_argaed, lfsa_ergaed, lfsa_urgaed) Activity rate is higher for educated people both in European Union and in Romania, with a greater difference from the total rate in Romania s case. The same positive effect of higher level of education can be seen in case of unemployment, where the lowest rate both in European Union and in Romania has tertiary educated people. The atypical situation in unemployment case is the rate for primary educated people (7.2%) that is lower than unemployment rate for secondary education (8,3%) (Figure 7). This is partly the effect of the large part of population employed in agriculture mainly in subsistence agriculture. Education is essential for any economy, on the one hand because, through education, they diversify the relations between man and society, the individual having the ability to contribute as a member of the society with something to counterbalance what he receives as a result of the coexistence with the others. Moreover, the current economy needs well-trained workforce, in terms of globalization and technological revolution, which requires the development of skills, creativity, solid knowledge and a greater sense of responsibility (Aceleanu, 2011). Young people have higher education levels than the generations to withdraw from the labour market. This is an important reason why young people are more involved in lifelong learning (the percentage of participation in lifelong learning is higher for people more educated) in addition to significantly higher return investment period. Young people have a greater adaptability to change and therefore increased labour market flexibility. 2. Conclusion Demography represents an important aspect of socio-economic life, considering the aging and decreasing population prospects that affect with different intensities all European Union countries. An older population poses supplementary pressure on security social systems, over the pressure due to unemployment, long term unemployment, disadvantaged groups etc. The dependency ratio increased over the
9 364 Andreea Claudia Serban / Procedia Economics and Finance 1 ( 2012 ) last period and will continue this trend in the next decades. The aging population will also affect the occupation structure by economic sectors due to changes in consumption and demand. On labour market the most rigid labour force are older people. Young people can easily adapt to changing economic conditions being willing to retrain and change occupation and job. The need for flexibility is of increasing importance in conditions of globalization and integration in EU. Education becomes the key factor in solving the aging and decreasing population, but education for life not only the formal education in school years. A more educated labour force, as statistics shown, may imply a reduced unemployment and higher activity and occupation rates that meens more recourses for social security systems in the future. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the project Post-Doctoral Studies in Economics: training program for elite researchers SPODE co-funded from the European Social Fund through the Development of Human Resources Operational Programme , contract no. POSDRU/89/1.5/S/ References Aceleanu M (2011), The Relationship between Education and Quality of Life. Implications of the Labour Market in Romania, in Journal of International Scientific Publications, 2011, Becker, G (1997), The Human Capital, All Publishing House, Bucharest, 1997 Carone, G; Costello, D; Guardia, N; Mourre G.; Przywara, B.; Salomaki, A (2005), The economic impact of ageing populations in the EU25 Member States, European Commission 2005, Brussels Hagemann R.P., Nicoletti, G. (1989), Population Ageing: Economic Effects and Some Policy Implications for Financing Public Pensions, OECD Economic Studies, No. 12, 1989 Reich, R (1996), The Work of Nations, Paidea Publishing House, Bucharest, 1996 Sen, Amartya (2000) Work and Rights, International Labour Review, Vol.139 (2000), No.2, ILO, 2000, Stiglitz, Joseph E.; Walsh, Carl E. (2005), Economics, Editura Economică, Bucureşti, 2005 Thießen, Ulrich (2007), Aging and structural change, Discussion papers //German Institute for Economic Research, No. 742, Serban, A.C. (2012), Implications of Educational Attainment on Labour Market, Theoretical and Applied Economics no.3/2012, Serban, A.C.; Aceleanu, M.; Iacob, D (2011) Fewer Borders for Romanian Citizens. Gains and Losses from Migration - Romania Case, Proceedings of The 16th IBIMA Conference on Innoviation and Knowledge Management: A Global Competitive Advantage Skirbekk V. (2003), Age and Individual Productivity: A Literature Survey, MPIDR Working Paper WP , August Cedefop/ Skills supply and demand in Europe, Cedefop Louxembourg 2010 European Commission/ New skills for new job. Anticipating and matching labour market and skills needs, European Commission 2008 European Commission, Demography Report 2010, Luxembourg 2011, European Institute of Romania/ Strategic directions for sustainable development in Romania, European Institute of Romania, 2006 New Skills for New Jobs: Action Now (2010), European Commission, Online [Retrieved April, 14, 2011] World Bank/ Europe&Central Asia, Knowledge Brief, May 2010, vol.20, [Retrieved September, 01,2011]
Live Long and Prosper? Demographic Change and Europe s Pensions Crisis. Dr. Jochen Pimpertz Brussels, 10 November 2015
Live Long and Prosper? Demographic Change and Europe s Pensions Crisis Dr. Jochen Pimpertz Brussels, 10 November 2015 Old-age-dependency ratio, EU28 45,9 49,4 50,2 39,0 27,5 31,8 2013 2020 2030 2040 2050
More informationSocial Protection and Social Inclusion in Europe Key facts and figures
MEMO/08/625 Brussels, 16 October 2008 Social Protection and Social Inclusion in Europe Key facts and figures What is the report and what are the main highlights? The European Commission today published
More informationTHE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL INDICATORS DEVELOPED AT THE LEVEL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE NEED TO STIMULATE THE ACTIVITY OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISES
Scientific Bulletin Economic Sciences, Volume 13/ Issue2 THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL INDICATORS DEVELOPED AT THE LEVEL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE NEED TO STIMULATE THE ACTIVITY OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISES Daniela
More informationYouth Integration into the labour market Barcelona, July 2011 Jan Hendeliowitz Director, Employment Region Copenhagen & Zealand Ministry of
Youth Integration into the labour market Barcelona, July 2011 Jan Hendeliowitz Director, Employment Region Copenhagen & Zealand Ministry of Employment, Denmark Chair of the OECD-LEED Directing Committee
More informationAging with Growth: Implications for Productivity and the Labor Force Emily Sinnott
Aging with Growth: Implications for Productivity and the Labor Force Emily Sinnott Emily Sinnott, Senior Economist, The World Bank Tallinn, June 18, 2015 Presentation structure 1. Growth, productivity
More informationEMPLOYMENT RATE Employed/Working age population (15 64 years)
EMPLOYMENT RATE 198 26 Employed/Working age population (15 64 years 8 % Finland 75 EU 15 EU 25 7 65 6 55 5 8 82 84 86 88 9 92 94 96 98 2 4** 6** 14.4.25/SAK /TL Source: European Commission 1 UNEMPLOYMENT
More informationCOVER NOTE The Employment Committee Permanent Representatives Committee (Part I) / Council EPSCO Employment Performance Monitor - Endorsement
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 15 June 2011 10666/1/11 REV 1 SOC 442 ECOFIN 288 EDUC 107 COVER NOTE from: to: Subject: The Employment Committee Permanent Representatives Committee (Part I) / Council
More informationCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Prof. Constantin ANGHELACHE PhD (actincon@yahoo.com) Bucharest University of Economic Studies
More informationFolia Oeconomica Stetinensia DOI: /foli Progress in Implementing the Sustainable Development
Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia DOI: 10.1515/foli-2015-0023 Progress in Implementing the Sustainable Development Concept into Socioeconomic Development in Poland Compared to other Member States Ewa Mazur-Wierzbicka,
More informationPROGRESS TOWARDS THE LISBON OBJECTIVES 2010 IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING
PROGRESS TOWARDS THE LISBON OBJECTIVES IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING In 7, reaching the benchmarks for continues to pose a serious challenge for education and training systems in Europe, except for the goal
More informationInfluence of demographic factors on the public pension spending
Influence of demographic factors on the public pension spending By Ciobanu Radu 1 Bucharest University of Economic Studies Abstract: Demographic aging is a global phenomenon encountered especially in the
More informationANALYSIS OF PENSION REFORMS IN EU MEMBER STATES
Annals of the University of Petroşani, Economics, 12(2), 2012, 117-126 117 ANALYSIS OF PENSION REFORMS IN EU MEMBER STATES ELENA LUCIA CROITORU * ABSTRACT: The demographic situation in the European Union
More informationWorking away at the cost of ageing: the labour market adjusted dependency ratio
Working away at the cost of ageing: the labour market adjusted dependency ratio EPC Issue Paper No.64 April 2011 By Benedetta Guerzoni and Fabian Zuleeg ISSN 1782-494X EUROPE S POLITICAL ECONOMY PROGRAMME
More informationDevelopments for age management by companies in the EU
Developments for age management by companies in the EU Erika Mezger, Deputy Director EUROFOUND, Dublin Workshop on Active Ageing and coping with demographic change Prague, 6 September 2012 12/09/2012 1
More informationRaising the retirement age is the labour market ready for active ageing: evidence from EB and Eurofound research
Raising the retirement age is the labour market ready for active ageing: evidence from EB and Eurofound research Robert Anderson, EUROFOUND, Dublin Reforming pension systems in Europe and Central Asia
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Economics and Finance 22 ( 2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Economics and Finance 22 ( 2015 ) 141 147 2nd International Conference Economic Scientific Research - Theoretical, Empirical and Practical
More informationEU-28 RECOVERED PAPER STATISTICS. Mr. Giampiero MAGNAGHI On behalf of EuRIC
EU-28 RECOVERED PAPER STATISTICS Mr. Giampiero MAGNAGHI On behalf of EuRIC CONTENTS EU-28 Paper and Board: Consumption and Production EU-28 Recovered Paper: Effective Consumption and Collection EU-28 -
More informationPROGRESS TOWARDS THE LISBON OBJECTIVES 2010 IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING
PROGRESS TOWARDS THE LISBON OBJECTIVES IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING In, reaching the benchmarks for continues to pose a serious challenge for education and training systems in Europe, except for the goal
More informationSustainability and Adequacy of Social Security in the Next Quarter Century:
Sustainability and Adequacy of Social Security in the Next Quarter Century: Balancing future pensions adequacy and sustainability while facing demographic change Krzysztof Hagemejer (Author) John Woodall
More informationTransition from Work to Retirement in EU25
EUROPEAN CENTRE EUROPÄISCHES ZENTRUM CENTRE EUROPÉEN 1 Asghar Zaidi is Director Research at the European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna; Michael Fuchs is Researcher at the European
More informationCurrent Demographic Trends A New Challenge for the Labour Market
Theoretical and Applied Economics Volume XXII (2015), No. 4(605), Winter, pp. 309-320 Current Demographic Trends A New Challenge for the Labour Market Andreea Claudia ȘERBAN Bucharest University of Economic
More informationPension Reforms Revisited Asta Zviniene Sr. Social Protection Specialist Human Development Department Europe and Central Asia Region World Bank
Pension Reforms Revisited Asta Zviniene Sr. Social Protection Specialist Human Development Department Europe and Central Asia Region World Bank All Countries in the Europe and Central Asia Region Have
More informationThe Tax Burden of Typical Workers in the EU
The Tax Burden of Typical Workers in the EU 28 2018 James Rogers Cécile Philippe Institut Économique Molinari, Paris Bruxelles TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract... 3 Background... 3 Main Results... 4 On average,
More informationActive Ageing. Fieldwork: September November Publication: January 2012
Special Eurobarometer 378 Active Ageing SUMMARY Special Eurobarometer 378 / Wave EB76.2 TNS opinion & social Fieldwork: September November 2011 Publication: January 2012 This survey has been requested
More informationA BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE ACTIVITY EFFICIENCY OF THE BANKING SYSTEM IN ROMANIA WITHIN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE ACTIVITY EFFICIENCY OF THE BANKING SYSTEM IN ROMANIA WITHIN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT Silvia GHIȚĂ-MITRESCU Ovidius University of Constanta Faculty of Economic Sciences Constanța, Romania
More informationEU BUDGET AND NATIONAL BUDGETS
DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT ON BUDGETARY AFFAIRS EU BUDGET AND NATIONAL BUDGETS 1999-2009 October 2010 INDEX Foreward 3 Table 1. EU and National budgets 1999-2009; EU-27
More informationSocial Determinants of Health: employment and working conditions
Social Determinants of Health: employment and working conditions Michael Marmot UCL Institute of Health Equity 3 rd Nordic Conference in Work Rehabilitation 7 th May 2014 Fairness at the heart of all policies.
More information61/2015 STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS
Labour market trends, Quarters 1 3 25 61/25 STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS 18 December 25 Content 1. Employment outlook...1 1.1 Employed people...1 1.2 Job vacancies...3 1.3 Unemployed and inactive people, labour
More informationPensions and other age-related expenditures in Europe Is ageing too expensive?
1 Pensions and other age-related expenditures in Europe Is ageing too expensive? Bo Magnusson bo.magnusson@his.se Bernd-Joachim Schuller bernd-joachim.schuller@his.se University of Skövde Box 408 S-541
More informationEuropean Advertising Business Climate Index Q4 2016/Q #AdIndex2017
European Advertising Business Climate Index Q4 216/Q1 217 ABOUT Quarterly survey of European advertising and market research companies Provides information about: managers assessment of their business
More informationDG TAXUD. STAT/11/100 1 July 2011
DG TAXUD STAT/11/100 1 July 2011 Taxation trends in the European Union Recession drove EU27 overall tax revenue down to 38.4% of GDP in 2009 Half of the Member States hiked the standard rate of VAT since
More informationPUBLIC PROCUREMENT INDICATORS 2011, Brussels, 5 December 2012
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT INDICATORS 2011, Brussels, 5 December 2012 1. INTRODUCTION This document provides estimates of three indicators of performance in public procurement within the EU. The indicators are
More informationFiscal rules in Lithuania
Fiscal rules in Lithuania Algimantas Rimkūnas Vice Minister, Ministry of Finance of Lithuania 3 June, 2016 Evolution of National and EU Fiscal Regulations Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) Maastricht Treaty
More informationPrerequisites for Active Ageing
Prerequisites for Active Ageing ETUC conference EY2012: Improving solidarity between the generations and active ageing overcoming obstacles to older people remaining in work and facilitating access to
More informationFinancial Sustainability of Pension Systems in the European Union
European Research Studies, pp. 46-70 Volume XVI, Issue (3), 2013 Financial Sustainability of Pension Systems in the European Union Yılmaz Bayar 1 Abstract: Increases in life expectancy together with the
More informationunited kingdom Statistical Profile introduction to united kingdom united kingdom statistical profile no.18 january 2010
united kingdom united kingdom united kingdom Statistical Profile Matt Flynn introduction to united kingdom Ireland Since 1992, the has had a relatively long period of economic growth and stability. However,
More informationUniversal and Equal Access to Health-care Services. Štefan Krajčík Slovak Medical University Bratislava, Slovakia
Universal and Equal Access to Health-care Services Štefan Krajčík Slovak Medical University Bratislava, Slovakia Universal and Equal Access to Health-care Services Member States of the World Health Organization
More informationSocial Situation Monitor - Glossary
Social Situation Monitor - Glossary Active labour market policies Measures aimed at improving recipients prospects of finding gainful employment or increasing their earnings capacity or, in the case of
More informationMacroeconomic scenarios for skill demand and supply projections, including dealing with the recession
Alphametrics (AM) Alphametrics Ltd Macroeconomic scenarios for skill demand and supply projections, including dealing with the recession Paper presented at Skillsnet technical workshop on: Forecasting
More information25/11/2014. Health inequality: causes and responses: action on the social determinants of health. Why we need to tackle health inequalities
Health inequality: causes and responses: action on the social determinants of health Professor Sir Michael Marmot http://www.instituteofhealthequity.org November 214 Why we need to tackle health inequalities
More informationREPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels,.4.29 COM(28) 86 final/ 2 ANNEXES to 3 ANNEX to the REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
More informationLong-term unemployment: Council Recommendation frequently asked questions
EUROPEAN COMMISSION MEMO Brussels, 15 February 2016 Long-term unemployment: Council Recommendation frequently asked questions Why a focus on long-term unemployment? The number of long-term unemployed persons
More informationOctober 2010 Euro area unemployment rate at 10.1% EU27 at 9.6%
STAT//180 30 November 20 October 20 Euro area unemployment rate at.1% EU27 at 9.6% The euro area 1 (EA16) seasonally-adjusted 2 unemployment rate 3 was.1% in October 20, compared with.0% in September 4.
More informationPoverty and social inclusion indicators
Poverty and social inclusion indicators The poverty and social inclusion indicators are part of the common indicators of the European Union used to monitor countries progress in combating poverty and social
More informationEUROPA - Press Releases - Taxation trends in the European Union EU27 tax...of GDP in 2008 Steady decline in top corporate income tax rate since 2000
DG TAXUD STAT/10/95 28 June 2010 Taxation trends in the European Union EU27 tax ratio fell to 39.3% of GDP in 2008 Steady decline in top corporate income tax rate since 2000 The overall tax-to-gdp ratio1
More informationSecuring sustainable and adequate social protection in the EU
Securing sustainable and adequate social protection in the EU Session on Social Protection & Security IFA 12th Global Conference on Ageing 11 June 2014, HICC Hyderabad India Dr Lieve Fransen European Commission
More informationJanuary 2010 Euro area unemployment rate at 9.9% EU27 at 9.5%
STAT//29 1 March 20 January 20 Euro area unemployment rate at 9.9% EU27 at 9.5% The euro area 1 (EA16) seasonally-adjusted 2 unemployment rate 3 was 9.9% in January 20, the same as in December 2009 4.
More informationAnalysis of European Union Economy in Terms of GDP Components
Expert Journal of Economic s (2 0 1 3 ) 1, 13-18 2013 Th e Au thor. Publish ed by Sp rint In v estify. Econ omics.exp ertjou rn a ls.com Analysis of European Union Economy in Terms of GDP Components Simona
More informationRozvoj zam stnanosti v sociálních slu bách: klí ové faktory a perspektivy. Shaping employment in social services: key factors and future perspectives
Rozvoj zam stnanosti v sociálních slu bách: klí ové faktory a perspektivy Shaping employment in social services: key factors and future perspectives T. Sirovátka and O. Hora Focus Development of health
More informationContents. Main statistical findings. From Statistics Explained
1 of 10 1/14/2014 3:37 AM From Statistics Explained Data up to November 2013. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database. Unemployment levels and rates move in a cyclical
More informationEMPLOYMENT RATE Employed/Working age population (15-64 years)
1 EMPLOYMENT RATE 1980-2003 Employed/Working age population (15-64 years 80 % Finland (Com 75 70 65 60 EU-15 Finland (Stat. Fin. 55 50 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 9.9.2002/SAK /TL Source: European
More informationEU KLEMS Growth and Productivity Accounts March 2011 Update of the November 2009 release
EU KLEMS Growth and Productivity Accounts March 2011 Update of the November 2009 release Description of methodology and country notes Prepared by Reitze Gouma, Klaas de Vries and Astrid van der Veen-Mooij
More informationTHE INVERTING PYRAMID: DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES TO THE PENSION SYSTEMS IN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA
THE INVERTING PYRAMID: DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES TO THE PENSION SYSTEMS IN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 1 Anita M. Schwarz Lead Economist Human Development Department Europe and Central Asia Region World Bank
More informationEMPLOYMENT RATE IN EU-COUNTRIES 2000 Employed/Working age population (15-64 years)
EMPLOYMENT RATE IN EU-COUNTRIES 2 Employed/Working age population (15-64 years EU-15 Denmark Netherlands Great Britain Sweden Portugal Finland Austria Germany Ireland Luxembourg France Belgium Greece Spain
More informationLabour market. ( 1 ) For more information:
Labour market Labour market statistics are at the heart of many EU policies following the introduction of an employment chapter into the Amsterdam Treaty in 1997. The European Employment Strategy (EES)
More informationLowest implicit tax rates on labour in Malta, on consumption in Spain and on capital in Lithuania
STAT/13/68 29 April 2013 Taxation trends in the European Union The overall tax-to-gdp ratio in the EU27 up to 38.8% of GDP in 2011 Labour taxes remain major source of tax revenue The overall tax-to-gdp
More informationPublic policies targeting labour market rigidities
Theoretical and Applied Economics Volume XX (2013), No. 2(579), pp. 89-102 Public policies targeting labour market rigidities Andreea Claudia ŞERBAN Bucharest University of Economic Studies andreea.serban@economie.ase.ro
More informationCourthouse News Service
14/2009-30 January 2009 Sector Accounts: Third quarter of 2008 Household saving rate at 14.4% in the euro area and 10.7% in the EU27 Business investment rate at 23.5% in the euro area and 23.6% in the
More informationEU Pension Trends. Matti Leppälä, Secretary General / CEO PensionsEurope 16 October 2014 Rovinj, Croatia
EU Pension Trends Matti Leppälä, Secretary General / CEO PensionsEurope 16 October 2014 Rovinj, Croatia 1 Lähde: World Bank 2 Pension debt big (implicit debt, % of GDP, 2006) Source:Müller, Raffelhüschen
More informationAnnex 2. Territory-related recommendations and sub-recommendations for 2016 and Austria. Belgium 3,4,12,13, 14,19.
No. of sub-s 2017 No. of tr-s 2017 No. of sub-s 2016 s 2016 Issued in Austria 1b 1b 1c 2a Belgium Bulgaria 4b Annex 2. recommendations and sub-recommendations for 2016 and 2017 Legend. This table is based
More informationGOVERNMENT PAPER. There are some signs that these views are changing with new generations.
Older people on the labour market in Iceland Public policy and measures within continuing education Gissur Pétursson Directorate of Labour 1. Conditions on the labour market Employment participation among
More informationContinued slow employment response in 2004 to the pick-up in economic activity in Europe.
Executive Summary - Employment in Europe report 2005 Continued slow employment response in 2004 to the pick-up in economic activity in Europe. Despite the pick up in economic activity employment growth
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Economics and Finance 26 ( 2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Economics and Finance 26 ( 2015 ) 1035 1043 4th World Conference on Business, Economics and Management, WCBEM Wage share as a factor of
More informationThe European economy since the start of the millennium
The European economy since the start of the millennium A STATISTICAL PORTRAIT 2018 edition 1 Since the start of the millennium, the European economy has evolved and statistics can help to better perceive
More informationSocial Determinants of Health: evidence for action. Professor Sir Michael Marmot 12 th Sept th anniversary of the Faculty of Medicine, Oslo
Social Determinants of Health: evidence for action Professor Sir Michael Marmot 12 th Sept 2014 200th anniversary of the Faculty of Medicine, Oslo Key principles Social justice Material, psychosocial,
More informationSocioeconomic inequalities in mortality and longevity
Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and longevity Peter Goldblatt Taking action on the Social Determinants of Health 12 March 2013 Thanks to Ruth Bell www.instituteofhealthequity.org 1 Review of Social
More informationThe intergenerational divide in Europe. Guntram Wolff
The intergenerational divide in Europe Guntram Wolff Outline An overview of key inequality developments The key drivers of intergenerational inequality Macroeconomic policy Orientation and composition
More informationEUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR RESEARCH & INNOVATION
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR RESEARCH & INNOVATION Directorate A - Policy Development and Coordination A.4 - Analysis and monitoring of national research and innovation policies References
More informationAgeing and employment policies: Ireland
Ageing and employment policies: Ireland John Martin 1 Director for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD FÁS Annual Labour Market Conference, Dublin, 5 December 2005 OECD has carried out a major
More informationSELECTED MAJOR SOCIAL SECURITY PENSION REFORMS IN EUROPE, Source: ISSA Databases
SELECTED MAJOR SOCIAL SECURITY PENSION REFORMS IN EUROPE, 1995-2014 Source: ISSA Databases COUNTRY AREA YR SUMMARY OBJECTIVE POSSIBLE EVALUATION CRITERIA* United Kingdom Pensions 2014 Replacing public
More informationCOUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Brussels, 13 June /1/13 REV 1 SOC 409 ECOFIN 444 EDUC 190
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 13 June 2013 10373/1/13 REV 1 SOC 409 ECOFIN 444 EDUC 190 COVER NOTE from: to: Subject: The Employment Committee Permanent Representatives Committee (Part I) / Council
More informationIs Public Policy Valuing Families in Europe? Ricardo Arroja Brussels, October 17 th 2016
Is Public Policy Valuing Families in Europe? Ricardo Arroja Brussels, October 17 th 2016 Assessing the current situation Background Decades of sustained decline in fertility indicators Demographic sustainability
More informationWorkforce participation of mature aged women
Workforce participation of mature aged women Geoff Gilfillan Senior Research Economist Productivity Commission Productivity Commission Topics Trends in labour force participation Potential labour supply
More informationFlash Eurobarometer 408 EUROPEAN YOUTH REPORT
Flash Eurobarometer EUROPEAN YOUTH REPORT Fieldwork: December 2014 Publication: April 2015 This survey has been requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Education and Culture and co-ordinated
More informationLOW EMPLOYMENT INTENSITY OF GROWTH AND SPECIFICS OF SLOVAK LABOUR MARKET
LOW EMPLOYMENT INTENSITY OF GROWTH AND SPECIFICS OF SLOVAK LABOUR MARKET Veronika Hvozdíková, PhD Karol Morvay, PhD Institute of Economic Research of SAS, Slovakia Abstract This paper aims to explain low
More informationNOTE. for the Interparliamentary Meeting of the Committee on Budgets
NOTE for the Interparliamentary Meeting of the Committee on Budgets THE ROLE OF THE EU BUDGET TO SUPPORT MEMBER STATES IN ACHIEVING THEIR ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES AS AGREED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EUROPEAN
More informationROMANIAN ECONOMIC POLICY UNDER THE TRAP INNOCENCE
ROMANIAN ECONOMIC POLICY UNDER THE TRAP INNOCENCE Ph.D. Professor Romeo Ionescu Dunarea de Jos University, Romania 1 1. The evolution of the main economic indicators in Romania during 1992-29. 2. The forecast
More informationEuropean Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC)
European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) is a household survey that was launched in 23 on the basis of a gentlemen's
More informationLabour Market Policies in Selected EU Member States: A Comparative and Impact Analysis
The omanian Economic Journal 151 Labour Market Policies in Selected EU Member States: A Comparative and Impact Analysis Liana Son 1 Graţiela Georgiana Carica 2 The purpose of the paper is to analyse the
More informationILO World of Work Report 2013: EU Snapshot
Greece Spain Ireland Poland Belgium Portugal Eurozone France Slovenia EU-27 Cyprus Denmark Netherlands Italy Bulgaria Slovakia Romania Lithuania Latvia Czech Republic Estonia Finland United Kingdom Sweden
More informationTHE IMPACT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT STRUCTURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER COUNTRIES ON THE POSSIBILITY OF DEBT OVERHANG
THE IMPACT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT STRUCTURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER COUNTRIES ON THE POSSIBILITY OF DEBT OVERHANG Robert Huterski, PhD Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Faculty of Economic Sciences
More informationCOMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 20.2.2019 C(2019) 1396 final COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Modification of the calculation method for lump sum payments and daily penalty payments proposed by the Commission
More informationThe Impact of the Economic Crisis on Family Policies in the European Union
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities DG Social Protection and Integration Social and Demographic Analysis The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Family Policies in the European
More informationApproach to Employment Injury (EI) compensation benefits in the EU and OECD
Approach to (EI) compensation benefits in the EU and OECD The benefits of protection can be divided in three main groups. The cash benefits include disability pensions, survivor's pensions and other short-
More informationConsumer Credit. Introduction. June, the 6th (2013)
Consumer Credit in Europe at end-2012 Introduction Crédit Agricole Consumer Finance has published its annual survey of the consumer credit market in 27 European Union countries (EU-27) for the sixth year
More informationFlash Eurobarometer 398 WORKING CONDITIONS REPORT
Flash Eurobarometer WORKING CONDITIONS REPORT Fieldwork: April 2014 Publication: April 2014 This survey has been requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs
More informationBurden of Taxation: International Comparisons
Burden of Taxation: International Comparisons Standard Note: SN/EP/3235 Last updated: 15 October 2008 Author: Bryn Morgan Economic Policy & Statistics Section This note presents data comparing the national
More informationDETERMINANT FACTORS OF FDI IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN THE E.U.
Diana D. COCONOIU Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, DETERMINANT FACTORS OF FDI IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN THE E.U. Statistical analysis Keywords
More informationsummary fiche The European Social Fund: Policies and Public
summary fiche The European Social Fund: Active Labour Market Policies and Public Employment Services Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission may be held responsible
More informationAleksandra Dyba University of Economics in Krakow
61 Aleksandra Dyba University of Economics in Krakow dyba@uek.krakow.pl Abstract Purpose development is nowadays a crucial global challenge. The European aims at building a competitive economy, however,
More informationPENSIONS IN OECD COUNTRIES: INDICATORS AND DEVELOPMENTS
PENSIONS IN OECD COUNTRIES: INDICATORS AND DEVELOPMENTS Marius Lüske Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD Lisbon, 28.09.2018 Marius.LUSKE@oecd.org www.oecd.org/els OUTLINE Talk based
More informationEUROPE 2020 STRATEGY FORECASTING THE LEVEL OF ACHIEVING ITS GOALS BY THE EU MEMBER STATES
Abstract. Based on the interdependencies that exist between world economies, the effects of the Europe 2020 strategy is going to affect every company no matter if it operates or not in an EU member state.
More informationESTIMATION OF FLEXICURITY LEVEL IN EU/EEA COUNTRIES USING THE FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH
ESTIMATION OF FLEXICURITY LEVEL IN EU/EEA COUNTRIES USING THE FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH Agnese Vaivade Edgars Brēķis Abstract European Commission has defined four principles that characterize the overall labour
More informationThe Northern Ireland labour market is characterised by relatively. population of working age are not active in the labour market at
INTRODUCTION The Northern Ireland labour market is characterised by relatively high levels of economic inactivity. Around 28 per cent of the population of working age are not active in the labour market
More informationYOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Silvia Megyesiová Vanda Lieskovská Tomáš Bačo Abstract A long lasting unemployment and underemployment of youth European generation can be
More informationGender pension gap economic perspective
Gender pension gap economic perspective Agnieszka Chłoń-Domińczak Institute of Statistics and Demography SGH Part of this research was supported by European Commission 7th Framework Programme project "Employment
More informationTurkish Economic Review Volume 3 March 2016 Issue 1
www.kspjournals.org Volume 3 March 2016 Issue 1 Tax Losses due to Shadow Economy Activities in OECD Countries from 2011 to 2013: A preliminary calculation By Friedrich SCHNEIDER a Abstract. In this short
More informationConsultation on the European Pillar of Social Rights
Contribution ID: 05384989-c4b4-45c1-af8b-3faefd6298df Date: 23/12/2016 11:12:47 Consultation on the European Pillar of Social Rights Fields marked with * are mandatory. Welcome to the European Commission's
More informationTransition from work to retirement in EU25
Transition from work to retirement in EU25 Asghar Zaidi Mattia Makovec Michael Fuchs Contents I. Introduction... 1 II. The empirical evidence... 2 a. Employment rates among older workers... 2 b. Employment
More informationElectricity & Gas Prices in Ireland. Annex Business Electricity Prices per kwh 2 nd Semester (July December) 2016
Electricity & Gas Prices in Ireland Annex Business Electricity Prices per kwh 2 nd Semester (July December) 2016 ENERGY POLICY STATISTICAL SUPPORT UNIT 1 Electricity & Gas Prices in Ireland Annex Business
More information