GOVERNMENT PAPER. There are some signs that these views are changing with new generations.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "GOVERNMENT PAPER. There are some signs that these views are changing with new generations."

Transcription

1 Older people on the labour market in Iceland Public policy and measures within continuing education Gissur Pétursson Directorate of Labour 1. Conditions on the labour market Employment participation among middle and older age groups is very high in Iceland compared to other western societies. Thus 44% men 65 years and older were on the labour market compared with 5% in Denmark and in Finland in Figure 1 shows that employment participation of the age group was over 80% in Iceland compared with 40-60% for most of the OECD countries in The age division of the Icelandic population is different from most Western European countries. The average age is lower, i.e. more people are in the working age and school age brackets. It is expected that the employment participation will undergo the same changes in Iceland as happened in Western Europe years ago, the same way as with other social and demografic factors. Figure 2 shows porportion of population that is over 65 in some OECD countries in 2004 and expected proportion in The proportion is currently rather low in Iceland but is expected to be rather high in 2050 compared to many other nations It is obvious that labour market participation in Iceland, which is not restricted to older age groups but also to students and women, is a feature which is particular to Iceland and is in some way connected to the tradition and culture of the country. Surveys have shown that the so-called workethic is stronger in Iceland than in most Nordic countries as well as in other neighbouring countries and the self-identity of the Icelandic people is strongly connected to work. Morale is high among employed persons and the employed are prepared to work a long working day and are also willing to delay retirement. There are some signs that these views are changing with new generations. Surveys show that there are differences in the opinion of young people vs. older peoples towards work we must be aware of changes in opinion with higher age. The public authorities in Iceland act differently from the governments in many OECD countries. Lowering the retirement age in order to counteract unemployment has not been the method generally used in Iceland. The main reason is that unemployment has historically not been high except during the 1929 world economic crises and the big reduction in fishcatches in as well a period during the middle of the nineties. That increase in unemployment during that period did not last or become permanent compared to what happened in Europe. Thus the unemployment ratio in 1995 was 5%, but decreased fast thereafter and has been fluctuating around 2% during the past several years. The older age groups are relatively few due to the age distribution. 1

2 Australia Austria B elgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Europe European Union 15 Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway OECD Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Switzerland Turkey United Kingdo m United States 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Figure 1. Participation rate in some OECD countries in

3 Ireland Slovak Republic Iceland Cyprus Poland Malta Netherlands Czech Republic Luxemburg Denmark Slovenia Lithuania EU 25 Austria Hungary Finland United Kingdom Latvia Estonia France Portugal Spain Belgium Sw eden Greece Germany Italy 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Figure 2. People over 65 years old as proportion of total population, in EEA countries 2004 and estimation for

4 1.1 The retirement age and the social security system The opportunities for retirement have increased because of alternative pension schemes as well as because of the improved welfare of more employees. Employees retire at different times, thus those officials who retired according to the socalled 95 years rule (natural age and number of working age=95 years) can retire from the age of 60. Public officials in government, employment and the employees of municipalities can retire when they reach 65 years and become entitled to base pension and income related benefits from the State Social Security. The employees of financial institutions as well as seamen can retire when they reach 60 if they are entitled to do so. The general retirement age is however 67 years when the State Social Security Institute begins paying old age pension. The ratio of old age pension is low in Iceland compared to 85% in Germany, 65% in UK and 45% in USA. This reflects the age division of the nation and a great importance of public pension funds in Iceland s pension system. The general attitude towards work and retirement age seems to be changing and be more in tune with new legislation in neighbouring countries where there are now ongoing preparations towards flexible retirement. The new policy is for offering more alternatives than just retiring when you become 70 years of age. Until now many people can not retire before they reach 70. This is because of the lack of strength of the pension funds, delayed access of employees to the pension funds as well as low payments from the State Social Security Institute and reduction of benefits due to income and pension benefits. In this comparison it is necessary to describe the pension system in Iceland. Iceland is a special case in this sense. The pension system is based on equal entitlement until 70 years of age and a fixed ratio of wages (4-6%) is paid to a pension fund. The employer pays an extra amount (2-4%) of the employees wages. The Icelandic pension funds are so-called collecting funds. The Icelandic pension system is mainly based on three pillars- social pensions, public pension funds and alternative pension savings. The alternative pension saving is a new addition which is based on a fixed ratio of wages paid into a private pension fund and when the employee reaches 60 years of age and through his/her 66th year the employee can opt to receive pension payments before he/she becomes 67 years, or proportionally between the ages years. Iceland s pension system has been positively evalued by the OECD. The participants to the labour market collective agreements in 1969 decided to establish pension funds based on a compulsory membership and with a complete fund saving. Due to the growth of the funds in recent decades and the improved legal foundation all prerequisites are for these Icelandic funds to become the principal pillar of the Icelandic pension system in the future. 1.2 Other items influencing the decisions of retirement A public commission set up by the Prime Minister s office on flexible retirement made a survey in 2002 on the situation of the age group. One of the results was that 40% of the replies of the 4

5 age category years were prepared to reduce their job-ratio when traditional retirement is obtained instead of going on retirement. The survey results that those retired before 67 years explained that: 30% were retired due to health problems. 20% wanted to enjoy life while age and health would allow 15% said that they retired because of good economy Those who continued to work after 67 years of age gave the following explanations: 39% said the reason was to improve their economy 30% were happy in their job 31% described other reasons, i.e. they didn t know what to do, they wanted to be active, or continue to work because of the employer s requirements. During recent years an increase in age related prejudice has been noticeable in the Icelandic labour market. Partly this is connected with increased stress in modern society and the constant need for increased qualifications in order to keep the position in the labour market. This is also due to changes within the industry sectors but traditional production- and service industries are stationary or have less and less need for more labour. New industries such as IT and the growing financial sector as well as tourism require employees with new knowledge and experience-good language capabilities and people with IT capabilities have many opportunities as well as those who enter the labour market with business education from the 4 universities in Iceland in addition to those who receive an education abroad. Generally older people are not more likely to loose their jobs than those who are younger, even less. Typical for the group is that if those older than 50 years loose their job it might be more difficult to get a job again compared to the younger age groups and long term unemployment is higher among oldest age group as can be seen in figure 3. 5

6 júl.02 okt.02 jan years years years years 55 years + apr.03 júl.03 okt.03 jan.04 apr.04 júl.04 okt.04 jan.05 apr.05 júl.05 okt.05 jan.06 apr.06 júl.06 okt.06 jan.07 apr.07 júl.07 Figure 3. Long term unemployment (6 months+) among agegroups If people close to 60 years of age haven t got a new job within some months they are likely to become permanently unemployed until they retire. Lifelong learning for older people is necessary in this connection but it is necessary to strengthen this factor because continuing education is less among the older age groups. 2. Continuing education among older people on the labour market government policy and measures in historic perspective The labour market needs more and more know-how and technical development requires an increased emphasis on lifelong learning. Continuing education is an important factor in maintaining people s qualifications for the labour market. Surveys show that participation in continuing education diminishes after people reach 50 and they participate in inexpensive lower studies and even more so after they reach 60. The groups are however different especially in relation to education. Those with the most education are those who are most active in continuing projects. However this is not valid in all instances i.e. there are some differences according to educational background within the age groups. Those with less education participate least in continuing education and that group is more sensitive in relation to unemployment. This indicates that the group s position on the labour market shows that it is not a homogenous group and different methods must be used in order to strengthen the position within the group. Below is a description of some factors regarding continuing education and their status in Iceland. okt.07 6

7 2.1 The development of continuing education in Iceland During the seventies and eighties more emphasis was placed on continuing education. This development however was rather slow in the beginning but accelerated later. During the eighties and nineties so-called educational centres were common and in 2000 under three party negotiations between the actors on the labour market and the government, so-called vocational funds were established for the general labour market. These funds are aimed at education in order to provide the labour union members with vocational education as in Iceland about 90% of the employees are unionised. Until present the public authorities have paid into these funds but the employers will take over that role, beginning in In the public labour market the government has decided to pay a fixed income ratio from the salary of the employees into the vocational funds. This development is characterized by an increased access of the parties on the labour market to education. Cooperation between the educational institutions and the parties in the labour market has increased. The supply of studies especially on the labour market for people with limited education has increased. According to information from the vocational funds people 50 years and older reduce their participation in vocational studies and enter even cheaper studies after 60 years of age. Generalization can not in this context be done while the groups are different especially in relation to the educational background. People with the most educational background are also most active in continuing education. 2.2 The public policy of older people on the labour market In 2003 the Althingi Parliament passed a resolution about dissmissal from work or discrimination due to age. This resolution was an answer to the discussion concerning the idealysation of young people in the society and the fact that older people were dismissed in order to hire young people. The resolution was as follows: The parliament Althingi resolves to perform an investigation into how discrimation and dismissal from work within the labour market because of age can be counteracted against with legal provision. A commission shall be appointed where representatives of the employees and political parties will participate and the commission shall submit a report within one year. The Minister of Social Affairs appointed a commission on the middle-aged and older people s position on the labour market. The commission was entrusted to counteract by enacting a law against age discrimination in the form of dismissal from work as well as discrimination due to age. The main conclusion of the commission which investigated the position of the middleaged and older people on the labour market. 7

8 On the initiative of the commission, a survey was completed which investigated the position of middle-aged and older people on the labour market which IMG Gallup performed. The conclusions of the survey were not valid in all instances. No age-discrimination was observed on the Icelandic labour market, when people older than 50 years were asked about their experience of loosing their job due to age. If however people were asked about others experience, 7-9% of the surveyed answered that they were familiar with such discrimination. The Federation of Icelandic Employers made a survey among their members on attitudes towards middle aged and older people on the labour market. In that survey older people on the labour market did not receive an evaluation of being less qualified than younger people they had fewer days from work due to illness and were more motivated towards their job than the younger people. Similar to other countries it is more difficult for Icelandic employees over 50 years of age to be reemployed again after loosing their job. The main key to re-enter on the labour market is continuing education. The Commission agreed about the necessity of measures and proposed that the government set up a 5 year project to strengthen the position of middle-aged and older-aged on the labour market. The Project Board of 50 years and older, role and emphasis In 2005 the Minister of Social Affairs appointed a project board which was entrusted to administer a 5 year project with the main target to strengthen the position of the middle-aged and older-aged on the labour market. The Project is also intended to create a positive discussion in Iceland about middle-aged and older-aged in the labour market, improve their image and counteract the opinion in the society in favour of the group. The project board focus primarily on three topics, i.e. education, research and opinion towards the age-group. The project-board has set up a project-plan in favour of the needs of the middle and older-aged on the labour market. The project board divided the target group into two categories: People over 50 years of age intending to stay on the labour market and not thinking about their retirement. This group has problems regarding re-entering the labour market according to experts. The emphasis are on measures in order to strengthen the position of the group with provision of education. The oldest age-group which is approaching retirement, emphasis on entitlement to pension, flexibility regarding job-ratio as well as on retirement. Research and education is aimed at the group 50 age and over. The project board co-operates with the universities where post graduate students are encouraged to focus on this topic. The project board wants to cooperate with a research unit on provision of a age-barometer based on a Norwegian model which has been used for some years on older peoples position on the 8

9 labour market. The aim is to evaluate what factors influence the older-peoples position on the labour market. The representatives of the board of project-administration have introduced the work of the committee abroad as well as the position of middle-aged and older-peoples on the labour market in Iceland. The project-board has introduced the work both among general public, researchers, policy-makers as well as among companies through media both in 2006 and The projectboard has set a project-plan in the beginning of the year and in 2008 the focus will be on companies. 2.5 The Continuation The labour force of the future will not be similar to the present composition. The so-called baby boomer generation, i.e. those borned after world war two until 1964 are approaching their retirement age. The fertility rate in the Western states has diminished with higher life-probability. In Iceland this development has not been as fast as in other western societies and the fertility has increased during the last years. There are signs of diminished labour market participation in Iceland in the near future, if not counteracted. The age composition of Icelanders, more welfare, more extra pension saving is a reality and the pension system is better prepared for larger old-age groups. Scarcity of labour can be a reality in the future and companies must be prepared to scarcity of labour. It is important to encourage older people to continued labour market participation. Higher average ages and more support to older people is presently not a problem in Iceland similar to most countries which finance pension payments through canals as taxation on companies and employees income. The problem is lack of labour supply. It is necessary that all obstacles for older people s participation on the labour market must be moved and that the work place meet the adjustment of the older people. This includes the coordination of private life and work, shorter working time, part-time work, mobility from more responsible job to less responsible job. 9

Ageing and employment policies: Ireland

Ageing and employment policies: Ireland Ageing and employment policies: Ireland John Martin 1 Director for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD FÁS Annual Labour Market Conference, Dublin, 5 December 2005 OECD has carried out a major

More information

Approach to Employment Injury (EI) compensation benefits in the EU and OECD

Approach to Employment Injury (EI) compensation benefits in the EU and OECD Approach to (EI) compensation benefits in the EU and OECD The benefits of protection can be divided in three main groups. The cash benefits include disability pensions, survivor's pensions and other short-

More information

Burden of Taxation: International Comparisons

Burden of Taxation: International Comparisons Burden of Taxation: International Comparisons Standard Note: SN/EP/3235 Last updated: 15 October 2008 Author: Bryn Morgan Economic Policy & Statistics Section This note presents data comparing the national

More information

Youth Integration into the labour market Barcelona, July 2011 Jan Hendeliowitz Director, Employment Region Copenhagen & Zealand Ministry of

Youth Integration into the labour market Barcelona, July 2011 Jan Hendeliowitz Director, Employment Region Copenhagen & Zealand Ministry of Youth Integration into the labour market Barcelona, July 2011 Jan Hendeliowitz Director, Employment Region Copenhagen & Zealand Ministry of Employment, Denmark Chair of the OECD-LEED Directing Committee

More information

PENSIONS IN OECD COUNTRIES: INDICATORS AND DEVELOPMENTS

PENSIONS IN OECD COUNTRIES: INDICATORS AND DEVELOPMENTS PENSIONS IN OECD COUNTRIES: INDICATORS AND DEVELOPMENTS Marius Lüske Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD Lisbon, 28.09.2018 Marius.LUSKE@oecd.org www.oecd.org/els OUTLINE Talk based

More information

Statistical annex. Sources and definitions

Statistical annex. Sources and definitions Statistical annex Sources and definitions Most of the statistics shown in these tables can be found as well in several other (paper or electronic) publications or references, as follows: the annual edition

More information

Corrigendum. OECD Pensions Outlook 2012 DOI: ISBN (print) ISBN (PDF) OECD 2012

Corrigendum. OECD Pensions Outlook 2012 DOI:   ISBN (print) ISBN (PDF) OECD 2012 OECD Pensions Outlook 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/9789264169401-en ISBN 978-92-64-16939-5 (print) ISBN 978-92-64-16940-1 (PDF) OECD 2012 Corrigendum Page 21: Figure 1.1. Average annual real net investment

More information

8-Jun-06 Personal Income Top Marginal Tax Rate,

8-Jun-06 Personal Income Top Marginal Tax Rate, 8-Jun-06 Personal Income Top Marginal Tax Rate, 1975-2005 2005 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 Australia 47% 47% 47% 47% 47% 47% 47% 47% 47% 47% 47% 48% 49% 49% Austria

More information

Low employment among the 50+ population in Hungary

Low employment among the 50+ population in Hungary Low employment among the + population in Hungary The role of incentives, health and cognitive capacities Janos Divenyi (Central European University) and Gabor Kezdi (Central European University and IE-CRSHAS)

More information

Statistical Annex ANNEX

Statistical Annex ANNEX ISBN 92-64-02384-4 OECD Employment Outlook Boosting Jobs and Incomes OECD 2006 ANNEX Statistical Annex Sources and definitions Most of the statistics shown in these tables can be found as well in three

More information

Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2016

Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2016 FISCAL FACT No. 517 July, 2016 Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2016 By Kyle Pomerleau Director of Federal Projects Kevin Adams Research Assistant Key Findings OECD countries rely heavily on

More information

The Global Financial Crisis and the Return of the Nordic Model?

The Global Financial Crisis and the Return of the Nordic Model? The Global Financial Crisis and the Return of the Nordic Model? Lars Calmfors Embassy of Denmark and the Swedish Institute of International Affairs 18 November Topics 1. The global economic crisis 2. Globalisation

More information

Live Long and Prosper? Demographic Change and Europe s Pensions Crisis. Dr. Jochen Pimpertz Brussels, 10 November 2015

Live Long and Prosper? Demographic Change and Europe s Pensions Crisis. Dr. Jochen Pimpertz Brussels, 10 November 2015 Live Long and Prosper? Demographic Change and Europe s Pensions Crisis Dr. Jochen Pimpertz Brussels, 10 November 2015 Old-age-dependency ratio, EU28 45,9 49,4 50,2 39,0 27,5 31,8 2013 2020 2030 2040 2050

More information

Workforce participation of mature aged women

Workforce participation of mature aged women Workforce participation of mature aged women Geoff Gilfillan Senior Research Economist Productivity Commission Productivity Commission Topics Trends in labour force participation Potential labour supply

More information

Ways to increase employment

Ways to increase employment Ways to increase employment Iceland Luxembourg Spain Canada Italy Norway Denmark Germany Portugal Ireland Japan Belgium Switzerland Austria Slovenia United States New Zealand Finland France Netherlands

More information

Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2017

Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2017 FISCAL FACT No. 558 Aug. 2017 Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2017 Amir El-Sibaie Analyst Key Findings: OECD countries rely heavily on consumption taxes, such as the value-added tax, and social

More information

Recommendation of the Council on Tax Avoidance and Evasion

Recommendation of the Council on Tax Avoidance and Evasion Recommendation of the Council on Tax Avoidance and Evasion OECD Legal Instruments This document is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. It reproduces an OECD Legal Instrument

More information

WHAT ARE THE FINANCIAL INCENTIVES TO INVEST IN EDUCATION?

WHAT ARE THE FINANCIAL INCENTIVES TO INVEST IN EDUCATION? INDICATOR WHAT ARE THE FINANCIAL INCENTIVES TO INVEST IN EDUCATION? Not only does education pay off for individuals ly, but the public sector also from having a large proportion of tertiary-educated individuals

More information

Switzerland and Germany top the PwC Young Workers Index in developing younger people

Switzerland and Germany top the PwC Young Workers Index in developing younger people Press release Date 9 November 2015 Contact Mihnea Anastasiu Pages 5 Media Relations Manager Tel: +40 21 225 3546 Email: mihnea.anastasiu@ro.pwc.com Switzerland and Germany top the PwC Young Workers Index

More information

EMPLOYMENT RATE Employed/Working age population (15-64 years)

EMPLOYMENT RATE Employed/Working age population (15-64 years) 1 EMPLOYMENT RATE 1980-2003 Employed/Working age population (15-64 years 80 % Finland (Com 75 70 65 60 EU-15 Finland (Stat. Fin. 55 50 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 9.9.2002/SAK /TL Source: European

More information

Growth in OECD Unit Labour Costs slows to 0.4% in the third quarter of 2016

Growth in OECD Unit Labour Costs slows to 0.4% in the third quarter of 2016 Growth in OECD Unit Labour Costs slows to.4% in the third quarter of 26 Growth in unit labour costs (ULCs) in the OECD area slowed to.4% in the third quarter of 26 (compared with.6% in the previous quarter)

More information

DG TAXUD. STAT/11/100 1 July 2011

DG TAXUD. STAT/11/100 1 July 2011 DG TAXUD STAT/11/100 1 July 2011 Taxation trends in the European Union Recession drove EU27 overall tax revenue down to 38.4% of GDP in 2009 Half of the Member States hiked the standard rate of VAT since

More information

Programme for Government Joe Reynolds Director Programme for Government and Delivering Social Change

Programme for Government Joe Reynolds Director Programme for Government and Delivering Social Change Programme for Government 2016-21 Joe Reynolds Director Programme for Government and Delivering Social Change Context the rationale for change Current PfG is a list of 82 Commitments Executive record on

More information

Trust and Fertility Dynamics. Arnstein Aassve, Università Bocconi Francesco C. Billari, University of Oxford Léa Pessin, Universitat Pompeu Fabra

Trust and Fertility Dynamics. Arnstein Aassve, Università Bocconi Francesco C. Billari, University of Oxford Léa Pessin, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Trust and Fertility Dynamics Arnstein Aassve, Università Bocconi Francesco C. Billari, University of Oxford Léa Pessin, Universitat Pompeu Fabra 1 Background Fertility rates across OECD countries differ

More information

Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2018

Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2018 FISCAL FACT No. 581 Mar. 2018 Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2018 Amir El-Sibaie Analyst Key Findings In 2015, OECD countries relied heavily on consumption taxes, such as the value-added tax,

More information

HEALTH LABOUR MARKET TRENDS IN OECD COUNTRIES

HEALTH LABOUR MARKET TRENDS IN OECD COUNTRIES HEALTH LABOUR MARKET TRENDS IN OECD COUNTRIES Michael Schoenstein, OECD Health Division 3 rd Global Health Workforce Alliance Forum Recife, 11 November 2013 Main health labour market issues in OECD countries

More information

Fiscal Policy in Japan

Fiscal Policy in Japan Fiscal Policy in Japan - Issues and Future Directions- June 10th, 2015 Ministry of Finance General Government Gross Debt and Financial Balances (International Comparison) (%) 240 210 General Government

More information

EMPLOYMENT RATE Employed/Working age population (15 64 years)

EMPLOYMENT RATE Employed/Working age population (15 64 years) EMPLOYMENT RATE 198 26 Employed/Working age population (15 64 years 8 % Finland 75 EU 15 EU 25 7 65 6 55 5 8 82 84 86 88 9 92 94 96 98 2 4** 6** 14.4.25/SAK /TL Source: European Commission 1 UNEMPLOYMENT

More information

EMPLOYABILITY AND LABOUR MARKET

EMPLOYABILITY AND LABOUR MARKET EMPLOYABILITY AND LABOUR MARKET POLICIES Guillermo MONTT Division for Employment, Analysis and Policy Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs guillermo.montt@oecd.org July 3, 2014 Skill levels

More information

Statistical Annex. Sources and definitions

Statistical Annex. Sources and definitions Statistical Annex Sources and definitions Most of the statistics shown in these tables can also be found in two other (paper or electronic) publication and data repository, as follows: The annual edition

More information

OECD THEMATIC FOLLOW-UP REVIEW OF POLICIES TO IMPROVE LABOUR MARKET PROSPECTS FOR OLDER WORKERS. NORWAY (situation mid-2012)

OECD THEMATIC FOLLOW-UP REVIEW OF POLICIES TO IMPROVE LABOUR MARKET PROSPECTS FOR OLDER WORKERS. NORWAY (situation mid-2012) OECD THEMATIC FOLLOW-UP REVIEW OF POLICIES TO IMPROVE LABOUR MARKET PROSPECTS FOR OLDER WORKERS NORWAY (situation mid-2012) In 2011, the employment rate for the population aged 50-64 in Norway was 1.2

More information

Budget repair and the size of Australia s government. Melbourne Economic Forum John Daley, Grattan Institute December 2015

Budget repair and the size of Australia s government. Melbourne Economic Forum John Daley, Grattan Institute December 2015 Budget repair and the size of Australia s government Melbourne Economic Forum John Daley, Grattan Institute December 2015 Budget repair and the size of Australia s government Attitudes to the best approach

More information

10% 10% 15% 15% Caseload: WE. 15% Caseload: SS 10% 10% 15%

10% 10% 15% 15% Caseload: WE. 15% Caseload: SS 10% 10% 15% Percentchangeincaseload 15% 10% 5% 0% 5% 10% 15% Caseload: AO 0 1 2 3 4 5 Percentchangein caseload 15% 10% 5% 0% 5% 10% 15% Caseload: NC 0 1 2 3 4 5 Years Years Percentchangein caseload 15% 10% 5% 0% 5%

More information

DEMOGRAPHICS AND MACROECONOMICS

DEMOGRAPHICS AND MACROECONOMICS 1 UNITED KINGDOM DEMOGRAPHICS AND MACROECONOMICS Nominal GDP (EUR bn) 1 442 GDP per capita (USD) 43. 237 Population (000s) 61 412 Labour force (000s) 31 118 Employment rate 94.7 Population over 65 (%)

More information

Pension Reforms Revisited Asta Zviniene Sr. Social Protection Specialist Human Development Department Europe and Central Asia Region World Bank

Pension Reforms Revisited Asta Zviniene Sr. Social Protection Specialist Human Development Department Europe and Central Asia Region World Bank Pension Reforms Revisited Asta Zviniene Sr. Social Protection Specialist Human Development Department Europe and Central Asia Region World Bank All Countries in the Europe and Central Asia Region Have

More information

BRIEF STATISTICS 2009

BRIEF STATISTICS 2009 BRIEF STATISTICS 2009 Finnish Tax Administration The Tax Administration is organized under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance. The Tax Administration collects about two-thirds of the taxes and

More information

The macroeconomic effects of a carbon tax in the Netherlands Íde Kearney, 13 th September 2018.

The macroeconomic effects of a carbon tax in the Netherlands Íde Kearney, 13 th September 2018. The macroeconomic effects of a carbon tax in the Netherlands Íde Kearney, th September 08. This note reports estimates of the economic impact of introducing a carbon tax of 50 per ton of CO in the Netherlands.

More information

EU BUDGET AND NATIONAL BUDGETS

EU BUDGET AND NATIONAL BUDGETS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT ON BUDGETARY AFFAIRS EU BUDGET AND NATIONAL BUDGETS 1999-2009 October 2010 INDEX Foreward 3 Table 1. EU and National budgets 1999-2009; EU-27

More information

REFORMING PENSION SYSTEMS: THE OECD EXPERIENCE

REFORMING PENSION SYSTEMS: THE OECD EXPERIENCE REFORMING PENSION SYSTEMS: THE OECD EXPERIENCE IX Forum Nacional de Seguro de Vida e Previdencia Privada 12 June 2018, São Paulo Jessica Mosher, Policy Analyst, Private Pensions Unit of the Financial Affairs

More information

EUROPA - Press Releases - Taxation trends in the European Union EU27 tax...of GDP in 2008 Steady decline in top corporate income tax rate since 2000

EUROPA - Press Releases - Taxation trends in the European Union EU27 tax...of GDP in 2008 Steady decline in top corporate income tax rate since 2000 DG TAXUD STAT/10/95 28 June 2010 Taxation trends in the European Union EU27 tax ratio fell to 39.3% of GDP in 2008 Steady decline in top corporate income tax rate since 2000 The overall tax-to-gdp ratio1

More information

InterTrade Ireland Economic Forum 25 November 2011 The jobs crisis: stylised facts and policy challenges

InterTrade Ireland Economic Forum 25 November 2011 The jobs crisis: stylised facts and policy challenges InterTrade Ireland Economic Forum 25 November 2011 The jobs crisis: stylised facts and policy challenges John P. Martin Director for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD The jobs crisis An unprecedented

More information

EU Pension Trends. Matti Leppälä, Secretary General / CEO PensionsEurope 16 October 2014 Rovinj, Croatia

EU Pension Trends. Matti Leppälä, Secretary General / CEO PensionsEurope 16 October 2014 Rovinj, Croatia EU Pension Trends Matti Leppälä, Secretary General / CEO PensionsEurope 16 October 2014 Rovinj, Croatia 1 Lähde: World Bank 2 Pension debt big (implicit debt, % of GDP, 2006) Source:Müller, Raffelhüschen

More information

3 Labour Costs. Cost of Employing Labour Across Advanced EU Economies (EU15) Indicator 3.1a

3 Labour Costs. Cost of Employing Labour Across Advanced EU Economies (EU15) Indicator 3.1a 3 Labour Costs Indicator 3.1a Indicator 3.1b Indicator 3.1c Indicator 3.2a Indicator 3.2b Indicator 3.3 Indicator 3.4 Cost of Employing Labour Across Advanced EU Economies (EU15) Cost of Employing Labour

More information

The OECD s Society at a Glance Simon Chapple OECD ELS/SPD Villa Vigoni, Italy, 9-11 th March 2011

The OECD s Society at a Glance Simon Chapple OECD ELS/SPD Villa Vigoni, Italy, 9-11 th March 2011 The OECD s Society at a Glance 2 Simon Chapple OECD ELS/SPD Villa Vigoni, Italy, 9- th March 2 Reconceptualisation for 2: Internal reasons OECD growth from 3 to 34 countries Other major economies (e.g.

More information

August 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 6.6 bn euro 12.6 bn euro deficit for EU27

August 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 6.6 bn euro 12.6 bn euro deficit for EU27 146/2012-16 October 2012 August 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 6.6 12.6 deficit for EU27 The first estimate for the euro area 1 (EA17) trade in goods balance with the rest of the

More information

3 Labour Costs. Cost of Employing Labour Across Advanced EU Economies (EU15) Indicator 3.1a

3 Labour Costs. Cost of Employing Labour Across Advanced EU Economies (EU15) Indicator 3.1a 3 Labour Costs Indicator 3.1a Indicator 3.1b Indicator 3.1c Indicator 3.2a Indicator 3.2b Indicator 3.3 Indicator 3.4 Cost of Employing Labour Across Advanced EU Economies (EU15) Cost of Employing Labour

More information

Turkey s Saving Deficit Issue From an Institutional Perspective

Turkey s Saving Deficit Issue From an Institutional Perspective Turkey s Saving Deficit Issue From an Institutional Perspective Engin KURUN, Ph.D CEO, Ziraat Asset Management Oct. 25th, 2011 - Istanbul 1 PRESENTATION Household and Institutional Savings Institutional

More information

European Advertising Business Climate Index Q4 2016/Q #AdIndex2017

European Advertising Business Climate Index Q4 2016/Q #AdIndex2017 European Advertising Business Climate Index Q4 216/Q1 217 ABOUT Quarterly survey of European advertising and market research companies Provides information about: managers assessment of their business

More information

Reporting practices for domestic and total debt securities

Reporting practices for domestic and total debt securities Last updated: 27 November 2017 Reporting practices for domestic and total debt securities While the BIS debt securities statistics are in principle harmonised with the recommendations in the Handbook on

More information

Developments for age management by companies in the EU

Developments for age management by companies in the EU Developments for age management by companies in the EU Erika Mezger, Deputy Director EUROFOUND, Dublin Workshop on Active Ageing and coping with demographic change Prague, 6 September 2012 12/09/2012 1

More information

The Case for Fundamental Tax Reform: Overview of the Current Tax System

The Case for Fundamental Tax Reform: Overview of the Current Tax System The Case for Fundamental Tax Reform: Overview of the Current Tax System Sources of Federal Receipts Projected for 2016 Excise Taxes 2.9% Estate & Gift Taxes 0.6% Corporate Income Taxes 9.8% Other Taxes

More information

Unemployment: Benefits, 2010

Unemployment: Benefits, 2010 Austria Unemployment benefit: The benefit is 55% of net earnings and is paid for up to 20 weeks; may be extended to 30 weeks with at least 156 weeks of coverage in the last 5 years; 39 weeks if aged 40

More information

EMPLOYMENT RATE IN EU-COUNTRIES 2000 Employed/Working age population (15-64 years)

EMPLOYMENT RATE IN EU-COUNTRIES 2000 Employed/Working age population (15-64 years) EMPLOYMENT RATE IN EU-COUNTRIES 2 Employed/Working age population (15-64 years EU-15 Denmark Netherlands Great Britain Sweden Portugal Finland Austria Germany Ireland Luxembourg France Belgium Greece Spain

More information

COMPARISON OF RIA SYSTEMS IN OECD COUNTRIES

COMPARISON OF RIA SYSTEMS IN OECD COUNTRIES COMPARISON OF RIA SYSTEMS IN OECD COUNTRIES Nick Malyshev, OECD Conference on the Further Development of Impact Assessment in the European Union Brussels, RIA SYSTEMS IN OECD COUNTRIES Regulatory Impact

More information

NOTE. for the Interparliamentary Meeting of the Committee on Budgets

NOTE. for the Interparliamentary Meeting of the Committee on Budgets NOTE for the Interparliamentary Meeting of the Committee on Budgets THE ROLE OF THE EU BUDGET TO SUPPORT MEMBER STATES IN ACHIEVING THEIR ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES AS AGREED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EUROPEAN

More information

ECFIN-C3 (2009) PART 1 MAIN DEVELOPMENTS

ECFIN-C3 (2009) PART 1 MAIN DEVELOPMENTS ECFIN-C3 (2009) PART 1 MAIN DEVELOPMENTS Methodological note Since the issue for the second quarter of 2004, nominal and real effective exchange rates presented in this report are calculated based on a

More information

(1) employment, (2) informal employment, (3) wage distribution, (4) poverty, (5) labor productivity, and (6) inflation.

(1) employment, (2) informal employment, (3) wage distribution, (4) poverty, (5) labor productivity, and (6) inflation. Within the context of the economic challenges that face Jordan, rising cost of living, efficiency and sufficiency of public services, falling aggregate demand, and the high unemployment rates, one can

More information

Performance Budgeting (PB) in OECD Countries

Performance Budgeting (PB) in OECD Countries Performance Budgeting (PB) in OECD Countries Teresa Curristine, Budgeting and Public Expenditures Division, Public Governance Directorate, OECD 6 th Annual Meeting of Latin American Senior Budget Officials

More information

1 People in Paid Work

1 People in Paid Work 1 People in Paid Work Indicator 1.1a Indicator 1.1b Indicator 1.2a Indicator 1.2b Indicator 1.3 Indicator 1.4 Indicator 1.5a Indicator 1.5b Indicator 1.6 Employment and Unemployment Trends (Republic of

More information

May 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 6.9 bn euro 3.8 bn euro deficit for EU27

May 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 6.9 bn euro 3.8 bn euro deficit for EU27 108/2012-16 July 2012 May 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 6.9 3.8 deficit for EU27 The first estimate for the euro area 1 (EA17) trade in goods balance with the rest of the world

More information

First estimate for 2011 Euro area external trade deficit 7.7 bn euro bn euro deficit for EU27

First estimate for 2011 Euro area external trade deficit 7.7 bn euro bn euro deficit for EU27 27/2012-15 February 2012 First estimate for 2011 Euro area external trade deficit 7.7 152.8 deficit for EU27 The first estimate for the euro area 1 (EA17) trade in goods balance with the rest of the world

More information

Nuts & Bolts of Corporate Tax Reform

Nuts & Bolts of Corporate Tax Reform Nuts & Bolts of Corporate Tax Reform July 19, 2013 Presentation for the Alliance for a Just Society Steve Wamhoff, Citizens for Tax Justice The Work of Citizens for Tax Justice (CTJ) on Federal Tax Policy

More information

Budget repair and the changing size of Australia s government. Crawford Australian Leadership Forum John Daley, Grattan Institute June 2016

Budget repair and the changing size of Australia s government. Crawford Australian Leadership Forum John Daley, Grattan Institute June 2016 Budget repair and the changing size of Australia s government Crawford Australian Leadership Forum John Daley, Grattan Institute June 2016 Commonwealth expenditure is high relative to history; revenue

More information

June 2014 Euro area international trade in goods surplus 16.8 bn 2.9 bn surplus for EU28

June 2014 Euro area international trade in goods surplus 16.8 bn 2.9 bn surplus for EU28 127/2014-18 August 2014 June 2014 Euro area international trade in goods surplus 16.8 bn 2.9 bn surplus for EU28 The first estimate for the euro area 1 (EA18) trade in goods balance with the rest of the

More information

OECD Report Shows Tax Burdens Falling in Many OECD Countries

OECD Report Shows Tax Burdens Falling in Many OECD Countries OECD Centres Germany Berlin (49-30) 288 8353 Japan Tokyo (81-3) 5532-0021 Mexico Mexico (52-55) 5281 3810 United States Washington (1-202) 785 6323 AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA BELGIUM CANADA CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK

More information

Declaration on Environmental Policy

Declaration on Environmental Policy Declaration on Environmental Policy OECD Legal Instruments This document is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. It reproduces an OECD Legal Instrument and may contain

More information

June 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 14.9 bn euro 0.4 bn euro surplus for EU27

June 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 14.9 bn euro 0.4 bn euro surplus for EU27 121/2012-17 August 2012 June 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 14.9 0.4 surplus for EU27 The first estimate for the euro area 1 (EA17) trade in goods balance with the rest of the world

More information

Indicator B3 How much public and private investment in education is there?

Indicator B3 How much public and private investment in education is there? Education at a Glance 2014 OECD indicators 2014 Education at a Glance 2014: OECD Indicators For more information on Education at a Glance 2014 and to access the full set of Indicators, visit www.oecd.org/edu/eag.htm.

More information

August 2005 Euro-zone external trade deficit 2.6 bn euro 14.2 bn euro deficit for EU25

August 2005 Euro-zone external trade deficit 2.6 bn euro 14.2 bn euro deficit for EU25 STAT/05/132 20 October 2005 August 2005 Euro-zone external trade deficit 2.6 14.2 deficit for EU25 The first estimate for euro-zone 1 trade with the rest of the world in August 2005 was a 2.6 billion euro

More information

Long Term Reform Agenda International Perspective

Long Term Reform Agenda International Perspective Long Term Reform Agenda International Perspective Asta Zviniene Sr. Social Protection Specialist Human Development Department Europe and Central Asia Region World Bank October 28 th, 2010 We will look

More information

THE IMPACT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT STRUCTURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER COUNTRIES ON THE POSSIBILITY OF DEBT OVERHANG

THE IMPACT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT STRUCTURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER COUNTRIES ON THE POSSIBILITY OF DEBT OVERHANG THE IMPACT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT STRUCTURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER COUNTRIES ON THE POSSIBILITY OF DEBT OVERHANG Robert Huterski, PhD Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Faculty of Economic Sciences

More information

January 2014 Euro area international trade in goods surplus 0.9 bn euro 13.0 bn euro deficit for EU28

January 2014 Euro area international trade in goods surplus 0.9 bn euro 13.0 bn euro deficit for EU28 STAT/14/41 18 March 2014 January 2014 Euro area international trade in goods surplus 0.9 13.0 deficit for EU28 The first estimate for the euro area 1 (EA18) trade in goods balance with the rest of the

More information

Pan-European opinion poll on occupational safety and health

Pan-European opinion poll on occupational safety and health REPORT Pan-European opinion poll on occupational safety and health Results across 36 European countries Final report Conducted by Ipsos MORI Social Research Institute at the request of the European Agency

More information

Sources of Government Revenue across the OECD, 2015

Sources of Government Revenue across the OECD, 2015 FISCAL FACT Apr. 2015 No. 465 Sources of Government Revenue across the OECD, 2015 By Kyle Pomerleau Economist Key Findings OECD countries rely heavily on consumption taxes, such as the value added tax,

More information

Aging with Growth: Implications for Productivity and the Labor Force Emily Sinnott

Aging with Growth: Implications for Productivity and the Labor Force Emily Sinnott Aging with Growth: Implications for Productivity and the Labor Force Emily Sinnott Emily Sinnott, Senior Economist, The World Bank Tallinn, June 18, 2015 Presentation structure 1. Growth, productivity

More information

Investing for our Future Welfare. Peter Whiteford, ANU

Investing for our Future Welfare. Peter Whiteford, ANU Investing for our Future Welfare Peter Whiteford, ANU Investing for our future welfare Presentation to Jobs Australia National Conference, Canberra, 20 October 2016 Peter Whiteford, Crawford School of

More information

Double Tax Treaties. Necessity of Declaration on Tax Beneficial Ownership In case of capital gains tax. DTA Country Withholding Tax Rates (%)

Double Tax Treaties. Necessity of Declaration on Tax Beneficial Ownership In case of capital gains tax. DTA Country Withholding Tax Rates (%) Double Tax Treaties DTA Country Withholding Tax Rates (%) Albania 0 0 5/10 1 No No No Armenia 5/10 9 0 5/10 1 Yes 2 No Yes Australia 10 0 15 No No No Austria 0 0 10 No No No Azerbaijan 8 0 8 Yes No Yes

More information

united kingdom Statistical Profile introduction to united kingdom united kingdom statistical profile no.18 january 2010

united kingdom Statistical Profile introduction to united kingdom united kingdom statistical profile no.18 january 2010 united kingdom united kingdom united kingdom Statistical Profile Matt Flynn introduction to united kingdom Ireland Since 1992, the has had a relatively long period of economic growth and stability. However,

More information

Collective Bargaining in OECD and accession countries

Collective Bargaining in OECD and accession countries Collective Bargaining in OECD and accession countries www.oecd.org/employment/collective-bargaining.htm The, ultra-activity and retro-activity of collective agreements The detailed description of the building

More information

Social Expenditure in Japan: Trends and Backgrounds

Social Expenditure in Japan: Trends and Backgrounds Social Expenditure in Japan: Trends and Backgrounds Junko Takezawa The 9th Social Experts Meeting the Center Mark Hotel in Seoul (28 29 October 2014) Presentation Outline 1. Trends in Social Expenditure

More information

Statistics Brief. Investment in Inland Transport Infrastructure at Record Low. Infrastructure Investment. July

Statistics Brief. Investment in Inland Transport Infrastructure at Record Low. Infrastructure Investment. July Statistics Brief Infrastructure Investment July 2015 Investment in Inland Transport Infrastructure at Record Low The latest update of annual transport infrastructure investment and maintenance data collected

More information

A Comparison of the Tax Burden on Labor in the OECD, 2017

A Comparison of the Tax Burden on Labor in the OECD, 2017 FISCAL FACT No. 557 Aug. 2017 A Comparison of the Tax Burden on Labor in the OECD, 2017 Jose Trejos Research Assistant Kyle Pomerleau Economist, Director of Federal Projects Key Findings: Average wage

More information

CANADA S LABOUR MARKET PRE- AND POST-CRISIS

CANADA S LABOUR MARKET PRE- AND POST-CRISIS CANADA S LABOUR MARKET PRE- AND POST-CRISIS WILLIAM ROBSON PRESIDENT AND CEO, C.D. HOWE INSTITUTE PRESENTATION TO THE NERO MEETING AT THE OECD 20 JUNE 2011 CANADA S LABOUR MARKET HIGHLIGHTS Decent Top-Level

More information

Poverty and social inclusion indicators

Poverty and social inclusion indicators Poverty and social inclusion indicators The poverty and social inclusion indicators are part of the common indicators of the European Union used to monitor countries progress in combating poverty and social

More information

PROGRESS TOWARDS THE LISBON OBJECTIVES 2010 IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING

PROGRESS TOWARDS THE LISBON OBJECTIVES 2010 IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRESS TOWARDS THE LISBON OBJECTIVES IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING In, reaching the benchmarks for continues to pose a serious challenge for education and training systems in Europe, except for the goal

More information

DEVELOPMENT AID AT A GLANCE

DEVELOPMENT AID AT A GLANCE DEVELOPMENT AID AT A GLANCE STATISTICS BY REGION 5. EUROPE 6 edition 5.. ODA TO EUROPE - SUMMARY 5... Top ODA receipts by recipient USD million, net disbursements in 5... Trends in ODA Turkey % Ukraine

More information

Securing sustainable and adequate social protection in the EU

Securing sustainable and adequate social protection in the EU Securing sustainable and adequate social protection in the EU Session on Social Protection & Security IFA 12th Global Conference on Ageing 11 June 2014, HICC Hyderabad India Dr Lieve Fransen European Commission

More information

Health Care in Crisis

Health Care in Crisis Health Care in Crisis The Economic Imperative for Health Care Reform James Kvaal and Ben Furnas February 19, 2009 1 Center for American Progress Health Care in Crisis U.S. spends twice as much per capita

More information

Financial wealth of private households worldwide

Financial wealth of private households worldwide Economic Research Financial wealth of private households worldwide Munich, October 217 Recovery in turbulent times Assets and liabilities of private households worldwide in EUR trillion and annualrate

More information

EN RLMM 2018 Monday 10 & Tuesday 11 September Exeter, UK

EN RLMM 2018 Monday 10 & Tuesday 11 September Exeter, UK Dr Andrew Dean Changing Need for Qualifications, Soft Skills and Competencies: Assessment in Regional Labour Market Monitoring EN RLMM 2018 Monday 10 & Tuesday 11 September Exeter, UK YOUR HOSTS Marchmont

More information

Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2014

Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2014 FISCAL FACT Nov. 2014 No. 443 Sources of Government Revenue in the OECD, 2014 By Kyle Pomerleau Economist Key Findings OECD countries rely heavily on consumption taxes, such as the value added tax, and

More information

Name Organisation Date

Name Organisation Date European Public Leadership Driving Innovation In Construction and Operations Name Organisation Date Construction: declining productivity and low digitalisation Productivity Digitalisation Other non-farm

More information

PRODUCTIVE AGEING ROBERT BUTLER MEMORIAL LECTURE ILC GLOBAL ALLIANCE

PRODUCTIVE AGEING ROBERT BUTLER MEMORIAL LECTURE ILC GLOBAL ALLIANCE PRODUCTIVE AGEING ROBERT BUTLER MEMORIAL LECTURE ILC GLOBAL ALLIANCE Dr. Ros Altmann, CBE Business Champion for Older Workers 29 October 2014 Dr Ros Altmann Twitter: @rosaltmann Website: www.rosaltmann.com

More information

October 2010 Euro area unemployment rate at 10.1% EU27 at 9.6%

October 2010 Euro area unemployment rate at 10.1% EU27 at 9.6% STAT//180 30 November 20 October 20 Euro area unemployment rate at.1% EU27 at 9.6% The euro area 1 (EA16) seasonally-adjusted 2 unemployment rate 3 was.1% in October 20, compared with.0% in September 4.

More information

Pension Fund Investment and Regulation - An International Perspective and Implications for China s Pension System

Pension Fund Investment and Regulation - An International Perspective and Implications for China s Pension System Pension Fund Investment and Regulation - An International Perspective and Implications for China s Pension System Yu-Wei Hu, Fiona Stewart and Juan Yermo Financial Affairs Division OECD, Paris OECD/IOPS

More information

Enterprise Europe Network SME growth outlook

Enterprise Europe Network SME growth outlook Enterprise Europe Network SME growth outlook 2018-19 een.ec.europa.eu 2 Enterprise Europe Network SME growth outlook 2018-19 Foreword The European Commission wants to ensure that small and medium-sized

More information

Income support for older persons in the Republic of Korea : a perspective of older persons

Income support for older persons in the Republic of Korea : a perspective of older persons ESCAP Regional Consultation Incheon, Republic of Korea Income support for older persons in the Republic of Korea : a perspective of older persons Soo-Wan Kim (Kangnam University) 1 I. Introduction This

More information

Introduction to Public Finance

Introduction to Public Finance Introduction to Public Finance Lecture 2: Functions and size of the welfare state. Retirement, unemployment protection, health care, etc. Welfare expenditures, aging problem. 1 Outline of the lecture Basic

More information

Open Day 2017 Clearstream execution-to-custody integration Valentin Nehls / Jan Willems. 5 October 2017

Open Day 2017 Clearstream execution-to-custody integration Valentin Nehls / Jan Willems. 5 October 2017 Open Day 2017 Clearstream execution-to-custody integration Valentin Nehls / Jan Willems 5 October 2017 Deutsche Börse Group 1 Settlement services: single point of access to cost-effective, low risk and

More information

EU-28 RECOVERED PAPER STATISTICS. Mr. Giampiero MAGNAGHI On behalf of EuRIC

EU-28 RECOVERED PAPER STATISTICS. Mr. Giampiero MAGNAGHI On behalf of EuRIC EU-28 RECOVERED PAPER STATISTICS Mr. Giampiero MAGNAGHI On behalf of EuRIC CONTENTS EU-28 Paper and Board: Consumption and Production EU-28 Recovered Paper: Effective Consumption and Collection EU-28 -

More information