MONTANA KIDS COUNT AND

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1 MONTANA KIDS COUNT AND BUREAU OF BUSINESS ECONOMIC RESEARCH School of Business Administration The University of Montana Missoula, MT Phone:

2 INTRODUCTION Message from the Montana Kids Count Team Kids Count is a name that truly summarizes who we are and why we do what we do. Although we collect, analyze, and track data, we are not just about numbers, trends and patterns. We hope to never lose sight of the fact that the data represent the children of Montana. These children are important to us whether we re parents, grandparents, caregivers, or teachers. The well-being of Montana s is of concern to everyone, not only because they have a major demographic presence but also because they are a source of joy, sometimes frustration, and because they are a social and moral reflection of the adult society that is directly responsible for them. Mission The mission of Montana Kids Count is to increase awareness and promote understanding of the status of Montana s vulnerable children and families through the gathering and dissemination of data to advance effective policy and decisions to improve their quality of life. Our work at Montana Kids Count encompasses more than producing this data book. In the past year, we have also been involved with: Early childhood business summits throughout the state Compiling y health profiles Early Childhood Comprehensive System database maintenance Head Start Collaboration Project Evaluation/ School Readiness Project Evaluation Montana Community Change Project Evaluation Framework Analyzing child and teen death rates from motor vehicle crashes Compiling American Indian health profiles for Montana s tribes and reservations New Online Data Center Montana Kids Count is pleased to announce our new online Data Center where you can easily access timely data and information at the state and local level, as well as review sections of the book and other information. We look forward to growing our services and expanding the content and usability of About Kids Count This is the ninth year that Montana Kids Count has produced a state data book with the help of our hosting organization, the Bureau of Business and Economic Research at The University of Montana. Our goal is to provide a one-stop data shop by compiling key data on children that can help guide decision-makers at the state and y levels to improve or stabilize the well-being of children. The Montana Kids Count organization is a statewide, collaborative effort bringing together a wide range of groups including businesses, nonpro ts, and government agencies interested in, or involved with, children and families. Montana Kids Count is one of 53 similar organizations throughout the United States funded by the Annie E. Casey Foundation. This network of state grantees utilizes data to promote the well-being of children at the local level and track changes in outcomes from year to year, providing the basis for comparative analysis. For more information about Annie E. Casey initiatives, including the Kids Count Network visit the Web site through the presentation of data, issues, and all the things that make Kids Count! Check it out at: Contact Us Montana KIDS COUNT Daphne Herling: Director Thale Dillon: Director of Economic Research Julie Ehlers: Director of Communications Shannon Furniss: Publications Director Nate Hegyi: Publications Assistant Gwen Landquist: Cover Design

3 Table of Contents National Survey Of Children s Health... 2 Home Environment... 2 Child Care Issues... 2 Health and Health Care Statistics... 3 Community and Schools... 5 About the Survey... 5 The Obesity Epidemic... 6 Diet... 6 Physical Activity... 8 Risk Factors... 9 Health Implications... 9 Understanding the Data State Demographic Characteristics Health and Health Insurance Social and Economic Characteristics Schools and Education Births and Deaths Head Start Early Childhood Characteristics Safety Issues Prevention Needs Assessment Survey Data Introduction Sources Montana McCone Beaverhead Madison Big Horn Meagher Blaine Mineral Broadwater Missoula Carbon Musselshell Carter Park Cascade Phillips Chouteau Pondera Custer Powder River Daniels Powell Dawson Prairie Deer Lodge Ravalli Fallon Richland Fergus Roosevelt Flathead Rosebud Gallatin Sanders Garfield Sheridan Glacier Silver Bow Golden Valley Stillwater Granite Sweet Grass Hill Teton Jefferson Toole Judith Basin Treasure Lake Valley Lewis & Clark Wheatland Liberty Wibaux Lincoln Yellowstone Montana Kids Count 1

4 2 MONTANA Know where to find the information and how to use it that s the secret of success. Albert Einstein National Survey Of Children s Health Home Environment Montana is providing its children with a home environment quality that exceeds that of the national average, if only by a small margin. More children in our state have mothers and fathers who are in good mental and physical health, and these parents have the time, ability, and willingness to take their children on outings, to read to their children every day, and to tell stories and sing to their children. Over half of Montana children have families that eat a meal together every day of the week. The vast majority of children in Montana live in neighborhoods that are considered safe and supportive and report feeling safe at school. The newest data from the National Survey of Children s Health (NSCH) were just released in spring of 2009, providing a wealth of information on children in Montana. The NSCH provides information on numerous facets of children s lives, a few of which are presented in this essay and in the accompanying tables. It comes as little surprise that Montana fares very well in some areas, whereas other areas show more room for improvement. Montana children are doing considerably better than their national erparts in many areas. For example, only 26 percent of year-olds are overweight or obese, compared to 32 percent nationally. Although the general trend in this area appears to be a continued increase, Montana children benefit from some protective factors: a larger portion of children in Montana were fed breast milk as infants; children ages 6-17 engage in physical activity at a higher rate; and both 0-5-year-olds and 6-17-year-olds spend less time in front of a television, video, or video game than the national average (Table 1). Child Care Issues Close to two-thirds of Montana children under age 8 (a total of 68,400 children) live in families where all adults work outside the home. One-half of children ages 0-5 regularly attend non-parental child care in Montana. Despite this extensive need for child care for this age group, Montana has only 1,200 registered and licensed early care and education programs, providing approximately 20,000 slots. Due to this limited availability of center-based quality care options during early childhood, many parents are forced to rely on help

5 from relatives and friends, in-home or other non-licensed providers, or adjust their work schedules in order to care for their children. Those who rely on home-based or family-based care, where there is only one adult caregiver, are forced to scramble for alternate care if this one person falls ill or is for some other reason unable to provide care on a given day. The same holds true in the case of a child s illness, as sick children are excluded from most care settings. In Montana, 12 percent of children ages 0-5 have parents who were forced to change child care arrangements at the last minute three or more times in the previous month. Over one-third of children in this age group have parents who have had to make last-minute changes in their child care arrangements and/or have had their work-life adversely affected by child care problems. Once a child enters the public school system, parents may feel a sense of relief. Unfortunately, children still have to stay home when they are sick, and they still need care after school is done for the day. Eighteen percent, fully double the national rate, of Montana children ages 6-11 have spent some time home alone without adult supervision during the week prior to taking the survey. It is a good thing that our neighborhoods are considered safe (Table 2). Health and Health Care Statistics Close to 90 percent of Montana children are in very good or excellent health, while three-fourths of children ages 1-17 have teeth that are in very good or excellent condition (Table 3, page 4). Sixty-eight percent of children ages 2-17 have received needed mental health care or counseling. These rates are according to each child s parent or guardian and are all above the national average. However, if we turn our attention to the number of children who actually receive professional health care, the numbers change. Sixty-two percent of children have a medical home primary care that is accessible, continuous, and comprehensive and 90 percent have a personal doctor or nurse who knows them well and is familiar with their health history. Yet only 81 percent have had a preventive medical visit during the past 12 months, and just 77 percent have had a preventive dental visit in the past 12 months. Sixty-four percent have had both well below the national average of 72 percent. Given that Montana holds the highest rate in the ry for children who have missed 11 days of school or more due to illness during the past month Table 1 Obesity-Related Statistics 2007 Children ages 0-5 who were ever breast fed or fed breast milk 86% 76% Children ages 6-17 who engage in physical activity every day 32% 30% Children ages who are overweight or obese (BMI for age at or above 85th percentile) Children ages 6-17 who spend four hours or more watching television or videos or playing video games on an average weekday Children ages 0-5 who spend four hours or more watching television or videos on an average weekday Table 2 Home Environment 2007 Children whose mother's physical and mental health are very good or excellent 60% 57% Children whose father's physical and mental health are very good or excellent 66% 63% Children ages 0-5 who went on outings with family members every day during the previous week Children ages 0-5 who were read to by family member every day during the previous week Children who are sung to or told stories by family member(s) every day during the previous week Children ages 6-17 whose family ate a meal together every day during the previous week MT US 17% 14% 57% 48% 68% 59% 52% 46% Children ages 6-17 who got enough sleep every night during the previous week 56% 64% Children who live in supportive neighborhoods 87% 83% Children who live in safe neighborhoods 92% 86% Children ages 6-17 who are safe at school 94% 90% Children living in a neighborhood with amenities that include all of the following: sidewalks, library, recreation center, park Children living in a neighborhood with problems that include all of the following: rundown housing, litter, graffiti MT US 26% 32% 9% 11% 11% 13% Children ages 6-17 who have a television in their bedroom 36% 50% Source: National Survey of Children s Health. Source: National Survey of Children s Health. 42% 48% 6% 4% 2009 Montana Kids Count 3

6 Table 3 Health and Health Care Statistics 2007 Children whose overall health is very good or excellent 88% 84% Children age 1-17 whose teeth are in very good or excellent condition 75% 71% Children with a medical home 62% 58% Children who have a personal doctor or nurse or other health professional who knows them well and is familiar with their health history Children who had one or more preventive medical visits during the previous 12 months Children who had one or more preventive dental visits during the previous 12 months Children who had both medical and dental preventive visits during the previous 12 months Children age 2-17 who received needed mental health care or counseling during the previous 12 months Children with unmet needs for medical, dental, mental health or or other health care at some time during the previous 12 months Source: National Survey of Children s Health. MT US 90% 92% 81% 89% 77% 78% 64% 72% 68% 60% 9% 7% (9.8 percent), it begs the question of whether Montana children really are as healthy as their parents think. There may be two contributing causes for the high rate of absenteeism due to illness: 4 Over one-third of Montana children ages 0-5 have parents who have had to make lastminute changes in their child care arrangements and/or have had their work-life adversely affected by child care problems. First, Montana is in the bottom five in terms of state rate of uninsured children (13 percent, versus 9 percent nationally); Secondly, even for those children who are fortunate enough to have health insurance coverage, preventive check-ups may not be included in their plans. Parents then defer care until a child has fully developed some form of health problem or illness, conditions that could have been detected and/or avoided through regular well-child doctor s visits. For those who are uninsured, medical events put an immense strain on already-taxed family finances. Twelve percent of Montana children live in households characterized as working poor, that is, their parents maintain regular employment but the household remains in relative poverty due to low levels of

7 pay and high dependent expenses (Table 4). These problems borne by poverty or near-poverty are even more pronounced on the state s Indian reservations, where poverty rates are higher and health care access is more limited. Community and Schools In Montana, children ages 6-17 participate in organized activities outside of school at a high rate and youth engage in volunteer or community service work at the same rate as the national average, but they attend religious services less frequently (Table 5). Surprisingly, fewer Montana children live in neighborhoods with sidewalks, libraries, recreation centers, and parks, and slightly more live in neighborhoods with rundown housing, litter, and graffiti. However, the NSCH is designed primarily with urban children in mind, and our largely rural population, while not being blessed with sidewalks and recreation centers, has access to a wealth of other opportunities for outdoor recreation that urban residents can only dream of. About the Survey The NSCH included telephone interviews with 1,800 Montana households. Information was collected on one child between 6 months and 17 years of age per household, with the same number of children (1,000) for each single-year age group. This survey, conducted in 2007, was the second iteration. The first survey was conducted in 2003, with the purpose of producing national and state-based estimates on the health and well-being of children, their families, and their communities. The survey covers children virtually from birth and up, furnishing researchers, health care workers, and the like with an important glimpse of the conditions of early childhood. While information is gathered elsewhere on children 5 and older, very little information exists about children before they enter Kindergarten. In the absence of a fully-integrated State Longitudinal Data System (an initiative of the National Center for Education Statistics, The U.S. Department of Education), the NSCH constitutes the bulk of what is available. Table 4 Child Care Issues 2007 Children living in "working poor" households 12% 12% Children ages 6-11 who spent some time home alone without supervision during the previous week Children ages 0-5 whose parents had to change child care arrangements at the last minute three or more times during the previous month Children ages 0-5 whose parents' employment was adversely affected because of problems with child care during the previous 12 months Children ages 0-5 whose parents had to make last-minute changes in child care arrangements and/or work life was adversely affected by child care problems MT US 18% 9% 12% 8% 13% 12% 35% 31% Children ages 0-5 who regularly attend non-parental child care 50% 54% Source: National Survey of Children s Health. Table 5 Community and School Statistics 2007 Children ages 6-17 who participated in organized activities outside of school during previous 12 months Youth ages who engaged in volunteer or community service work once a week or more during the previous 12 months Children ages 6-17 who spend one hour more reading for pleasure on an average weekday MT US 89% 81% 15% 15% 17% 17% Children who attend religious services once a week or more 47% 54% Source: National Survey of Children s Health Montana Kids Count 5

8 MONTANA KIDS COUNT MONTANA Knowledge exists to be imparted. Ralph Waldo Emerson The Obesity Epidemic Throughout recent history, each generation tends to live longer and be healthier than the one before it. It comes as a shock, then, to realize that the trends in today s child population put our children on track to become the first generation to live shorter, less healthy lives than their parents. The ry s rising obesity rates have been called an epidemic by many, implying that obesity is a contagious disease that spreads through the population. It certainly seems an apt metaphor, but apart from fundamental differences in the way they are spread (there is no obesity bacteria ), there is one crucial difference: epidemics are illnesses that are responded to in a systemic fashion, through publicly-available vaccines and other precautionary measures, and carry little or no stigma. Obesity, on the other hand, has up until now been seen as a private problem. Montana has so far evaded the brunt of this epidemic. The rates of overweight and obese people are lower in Montana than in the rest of the ry, while activity levels remain higher than the national average. We also spend less time inside, in front of a television, computer, or video game. While onehalf of children nationally have a television in their bedroom, only 36 percent of Montana children do (Table 1, page 3). Two factors figure at the forefront of the obesity and overweight issue: diet and physical activity. Diet The equation is a simple one: when calorie intake exceeds calorie expenditure, the result is overweight and obese people. Over the last few decades, the American diet has skewed toward large portions that are high in fat, sugar, and calories, and short on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains (Table 6). Consumption of high-sugar drinks such as soda and fruit drinks has increased greatly over the past few decades, while milk consumption is experiencing a virtual free-fall. Children emulate the behaviors they see around them, both in terms of physical activity and diet. Poor nutrition in childhood has a documented impact on current and future health and development in children. Nutrition affects cognitive development, which is in turn connected to both social and emotional development. Children will carry the effects of poor 6

9 Table 6 Portion Distortion: 20 Years Ago vs. Today Portion Distortion 20 Years Ago Difference Today Coffee w/whole milk and sugar 8-oz serving size 45 calories Muffin 1.5 oz serving size 210 calories Pepperoni Pizza 2 slices 500 calories Chicken Caesar Salad 1 1/2 cup serving size 390 calories Popcorn 5-cup serving size 270 calories Chicken Stir-Fry 2-cup serving size 435 calories Source: Trust for America s Health. 305 calories 290 calories 350 calories 400 calories 360 calories 430 calories Mocha w/steamed milk and syrup 16-oz serving size 350 calories Muffin 4 oz serving size 500 calories Pepperoni Pizza 2 slices 850 calories Chicken Caesar Salad 3 1/2 cup serving size 790 calories Popcorn 11-cup serving size 630 calories Chicken Stir-Fry 4 1/2 cup serving size 865 calories nutrition and obesity with them for the rest of their lives. Being overweight shortens people s lives and deteriorates quality of life through associated health problems such as heart disease and Type 2 diabetes, which are far more costly to treat than to prevent. Helping children to be healthy now saves money and lives in the long run. The concept of competing foods in schools is worth visiting as part of a diet discussion. While public schools are making important contributions to combat hunger through their school lunch and breakfast programs, these efforts are compromised by the availability of unhealthy food and drink choices through vending machines and school stores. When children are taught about good nutrition in the classroom but are surrounded by options of poor nutritional quality, the mixed message they receive is that good nutrition is not important. Particularly for children, the importance of positive role models 2009 Montana Kids Count 7

10 Georgia Elementary School Success Story The Brown Mill Elementary School in Lithonia, GA, has been sugar-free for over 10 years. The school s nutrition program was completely overhauled in 1998, with the result that test scores, truancy rates, and counselor referral rates all improved. The school day starts with an hour of physical activity, such as jumping jacks or dance, followed by a nutritious breakfast provided to all students. Initially met with strong opposition upon implementation, it has now been replicated in at least 17 other Georgia schools with great success. should not be underestimated. School districts can foster a health-conscious environment through increased physical activity and limiting access to unhealthy food choices, while adults should be encouraged to consider the impact their choices may have on other members of the family. There are many examples of schools working to improve this situation, though there are numerous social, cultural, and political barriers that have to be addressed for these efforts to have wide-spread success. Physical Activity It is recommended that children and adolescents engage in at least 60 minutes of physical activity daily, including aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and bone-strengthening activity. School-based physical activity interventions prolong the duration of physical activity, reduce blood cholesterol, and time spent in front of a television or computer screen, and increase physical fitness levels. Yet, only about one-third of high school students meet the recommended levels of physical activity. Just over half of high school students have physical education (PE) at least once a week, while only 30 percent have PE daily. Budget and time constraints have forced many school systems to eliminate PE altogether, or severely curtail its offering, to focus on core academic subjects, allowing for more time to prepare for standardized tests. This happens despite the positive effects of physical activity on brain function being welldocumented, with a number of studies showing that aerobic activity improves cognition and in-school academic performance. Children s surrounding environments also make a difference on their activity level. Those who live in neighborhoods with more green space are less likely to be overweight, as are children who live near parks and recreation areas. For each additional park located within half a mile of their home, the likelihood of walking to school more than doubles among girls, while leisure walking 8

11 among boys increases by 60 percent. On the other hand, children who live farther away from parks and recreation areas are likely to have lower activity levels overall, with more time spent in front of a TV or computer screen. Risk Factors One of the risk factors involved in the obesity epidemic is poverty. As is the case in so many other areas of life, living in poverty puts people at higher risk, in this case for obesity. Of the numerous factors that affect obesity rates, many are compounded, if not caused, by poverty. Putting healthful and nutritious food on the table is becoming increasingly expensive, and frequently a family is faced with the choice between enough food and healthy food. In this trade-off between food quantity and quality, the result is a diet that fails to promote health and avert obesity. Regrettably, the cheapest foods available in many low-income neighborhoods are highly processed and high in fat, salt, and sugar, due to poor access to supermarkets, chain grocery stores, and healthful food products. The proximity of a fast-food restaurant, either near home or near school, further compounds this effect. Additionally, poverty exacerbates an already difficult situation as poor neighborhoods often lack the physical infrastructure that would encourage physical activity. Residents in these areas are faced with limited options for indoor physical activity, while outdoor facilities such as parks, sidewalks, and walking areas can be unsafe, in disrepair, or non-existent. Other risk factors include genetic, physiological, and life-stage issues, such as metabolism, childbearing, obese parents, and medication side effects. Psychological factors associated with obesity include body image concerns, stress eating, and substituting eating for other unhealthy behaviors such as smoking. Health Implications Obesity and physical inactivity have a number of health impacts, many of which do not provide an immediate association, but are none the less a significant burden on society. Mood disorders such as depression and anxiety increase along with weight. Compared to normal-weight students, obese students are 32 percent more likely to have attempted suicide, to have seriously considered suicide, or to have a plan to attempt suicide. Obesity increases the odds of developing dementia and Alzheimer s disease later in life. Overweight and physically inactive people are more likely to develop heart disease (a leading cause of death in the U.S. and in Montana), to have high blood pressure, high levels of blood fats, or suffer a stroke or a heart attack. The increasing occurrence of Type 2 diabetes in children is largely driven by obesity, and while traditionally a disease in mature adults, it now acs for up to 45 percent of new pediatric diabetes cases. Cancer, another leading cause of death, occurs with increasing frequency in people that are overweight or obese. It is speculated that fat cells affect overall cell growth in a person s body. Being overweight or obese also increases the risk of development and progression of kidney disease and arthritis, as well as increased health risks during pregnancy and higher rates of associated Cesarean delivery. Healthy child development is the foundation for community and economic development. Rather than dismiss the obesity problem as a personal one, it literally pays to provide children with a healthy environment in which to grow and develop to their full potential Montana Kids Count 9

12 MONTANA Statistics may be defined as a body of methods for making wise decisions in the face of uncertainty. W.A. Wallis Understanding the Data The tables on the following pages provide data on children in Montana, including demographics, socio-economic characteristics, health and health insurance, education, births and deaths, and early childhood. There are several things that are important to know about the data. Where Do We Get the Data? Most of the data we use come from Montana state agencies, the U. S. Census Bureau, or the Annie E. Casey Foundation. State agencies gather numbers from administrative records such as birth and death certificates, Medicaid files, and program reports. Making Sense of the Data Generally speaking, indicators do not change dramatically from one year to the next. Sometimes there may be an anomalous year when one event causes a drastic increase in a rate or percentage, which in turn makes that year look dramatically different from the preceding years. For example, if a tragic car crash results in multiple teen deaths within a y, this event may skew the rate for that one year. For the most part, the indicators vary only slightly, making it very important to look at trends over time periods of five or ten years. This approach yields a much more accurate picture of what is actually going on in the state or within a y. For instance, the total number of children ages 5-17 is decreasing slowly in Montana. On a year-to-year basis this may constitute a decrease of less than 1,000 children, but when examining the trend between and 2008, the decline is significant (-8%) and has serious ramifications for the state budget. Economic as Drivers Economic conditions tend to be the driving force behind most indicators, such as demographics and program participation rates. For example, when a nation or a state is in a period of economic growth or decline, the percent of people in poverty using income-tested programs or accessing public health insurance will change. 10

13 State DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS Total state population 903, , , ,440 Population under age , , , ,358 Children under age 5 54,596 57,916 59,132 61,114 Children ages 5 through , , , ,244 Population under age 18 by gender Male children 118, , , ,112 Female children 111, , , ,246 Population under age 18 by race/ethnicity 198, , , ,226 American Indian/Alaska Native 22,141 21,072 20,775 25,666 7,378 9,378 9,705 11,749 Median age, total population Male Female Number of children enrolled in CHIP (under 19, monthly average) 8,770 13,289 16,678 17,465 As a percent of all children under 19 3% 5% 7% 7% Number of children enrolled in Medicaid (under 18, monthly average) N/A 47,077 45,125 46,463 As a percent of all children under 18 N/A 22% 21% 21% Percent of children under 18 without health insurance 16% 14% 13% N/A Percent of children 5 and under without health insurance 16% 16% 13% N/A Percent of children ages 6-17 without health insurance 15% 13% 13% N/A Percent of children under 18 without health insurance and in poverty (below 100% FPL) 24% 28% 20% N/A Percent of children under 18 without health insurance and in poverty (below 250% FPL) 8% 8% 7% N/A Immunization rate for 2-year-olds who are seen by a health care provider, 2008* 92% 93% 81% 63% Why Do We Use the Presented Here? The mission of Montana Kids Count is to promote awareness and understanding of the status of Montana s vulnerable families and children. We therefore choose the indicators that best measure their well-being, with the understanding that economic well-being drives many outcomes for children. How Can You Access the Data? Readers may also access the Montana Kids Count data at. This site provides a portal to the national Kids Count Data Center, where users can access data both by state and across states, from Montana Kids Count as well as that collected by our sponsoring organization, the Annie E. Casey Foundation. Through this site, data can be accessed in various formats, such as profiles, graphs, maps and rankings ( datacenter..org/mt). Sources: The Annie E. Casey Foundation ( U.S. Census Bureau ( MT Department of Public Health and Human Services ( Note: *= See page 76 for changes in immunization rate definition Montana Kids Count 11

14 MONTANA KIDS COUNT SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS Overall unemployment rate (all ages) 5.2% 3.2% 3.1% 4.5% Teen unemployment rate (ages 16-19) 12.4% 10.2% 10.3% 13.3% Median household income $33,281 $40,299 $43,000 $43,654 Per-capita personal income $22,933 $31,004 $33,145 $34,256 Children living w/one parent (percent of all children) 25% 25% 26% 28% Children living w/grandparents (percent of all children) 2% 4% 5% 6% Children in state care 2,180 2,129 1,774 1,588 Percent of children exiting state care by returning home N/A 32% 39% 36% Percent of children exiting state care through adoption N/A 11% 14% 16% Percent of population with high school degree or higher Population ages % 82% 86% 83% Population ages % 92% 91% 92% Population ages % 92% 92% 94% Percent of population 25 and older with bachelor's degree or higher 26% 28% 28% 28% American Indian/Alaska Native alone 11% 11% 10% 14% Number of families with dependent children receiving TANF benefits (monthly average) 4,641 3,278 3,170 3,292 Number of Food Stamp recipients of all ages (monthly average) 59,660 80,320 80,114 87,241 Percent of children enrolled in Pre-Kindergarten through 12th grade eligible for free/reduced-price lunch 32% 35% 36% 37% Number of women, infants and children receiving benefits through the WIC Program 22,353 19,131 19,820 20,619 Percent of children under 18 in poverty (below 100% of the Federal Poverty Line, see table on page 11) 17% 17% 18% 21% Percent of children under 18 in extreme poverty (below 50% FPL) 4% 8% 7% 8% Percent of children under 18 in moderate poverty (below 200% FPL) 49% 43% 42% 42% Percent of children under age 5 in poverty (below 100% FPL) 17% 19% 21% 25% Percent of people ages 18 through 24 in poverty (below 100% FPL) 25% 28% 27% 29% Percent of single-parent families w/children in poverty (below 100% FPL) 32% 32% 36% 37% Percent of married-couple families w/children in poverty (below 100% FPL) 7% 8% 8% 8% 2009 Poverty Threshold (100% Federal Poverty Level) Persons in family/ houshold Household income 1 $10,830 2 $14,570 3 $18,310 4 $22,050 5 $25,790 6 $29,530 7 $33,270 8 $37,010 Sources: Bureau of Economic Analysis ( Montana Department of Labor and Industry ( The Annie E. Casey Foundation ( U.S. Census Bureau ( MT DPHHS ( 12

15 SCHOOLS AND Total school enrollment (K-12) 166, , , ,725 Public school enrollment (K-12) 154, , , ,936 Private school enrollment (K-12) 8,537 8,490 7,123 7,816 Home school enrollment (K-12) 3,627 4,103 4,106 3,973 Public School Enrollment Pre-Kindergarten Grades K-8 104,648 96,144 96,321 95,906 Grades ,690 47,480 46,502 45,030 Number of students with disabilities, ages ,039 18,569 18,158 17,645 High school dropout rate 4.2% 3.7% 5.2% N/A Enrollment in Head Start 4,377 5,391 5,448 5,470 Enrollment in Early Head Start th grade reading proficiency, all students N/A 79% 79% 81% White students N/A 83% 82% 85% American Indian/Alaska Native students N/A 60% 54% 56% 4th grade reading proficiency gap N/A th grade reading proficiency, all students N/A 79% 81% 81% White students N/A 82% 84% 84% American Indian/Alaska Native students N/A 51% 57% 57% 8th grade reading proficiency gap N/A BIRTHS AND DEATHS Number of live births 10,946 12,499 11,881 12,124 Birth rate (live births per 1,000 population) Number of infant deaths (<1 year old) Infant mortality rate (infant deaths per 1,000 live births) Number of child deaths (ages 1-17) Child death rate (child deaths per 1,000 children) Percent of child deaths from accidents 58% 43% 47% 42% Percent of child deaths from homicides/suicides 14% 12% 15% 13% Percent of child deaths from non-traumatic causes 28% 45% 38% 45% Achievement Gap Achievement gap is defined in this text as the percentage-point difference between the percent of White students at proficiency and the percent proficiency among American Indian students. This gap can be calculated between any two groups, be it racial, socio-economic, or geographic, and is a measure of the disparity in achievement between said groups. Sources: Montana Office of Public Instruction ( MT DPHHS ( Montana Kids Count 13

16 MONTANA KIDS COUNT HEAD START Total actual enrollment 4,377 5,391 5,448 5,470 Head Start enrollment by race/ethnicity White 2,390 2,710 2,670 2,704 American Indian/Alaska Native 1,747 2,225 2,061 2,231 origin Number of families enrolled in Head Start 4,074 4,956 4,926 4,961 Number of homeless families served N/A Number of enrolled children with disabilities Number of enrolled children referred for mental health treatment Number of enrolled children who have completed a professional dental examination 3,639 4,169 4,000 4,121 Number of enrolled children with health insurance 3,176 4,911 5,028 4,968 Number of enrolled children with CHIP coverage Percent of enrolled families receiving TANF benefits 28% 24% 24% 22% CHARACTERISTICS Percent of children under 5 without health insurance 16% 16% 13% N/A Percent of children under 5 living in poverty (below 100% FPL) 17% 19% 21% 25% Number of children receiving Best Beginnings child care scholarships (monthly average) N/A 5,285 5,173 5,324 Number of live births 10,946 12,499 11,881 12,124 Birth rate (number of live births per 1,000 population) Percent of infants born to women receiving prenatal care beginning in 1st trimester 73% 82% 82% 69% Births to mothers receiving inadequate or no prenatal care (percent of all births) 3% 4% 4% N/A Pre-term births (<37 weeks of gestation) (percent of all births) 11% 10% 10% 10% Low birth-weight births (<5lbs 8 oz) (percent of all births) 6% 7% 7% 7% Births to teens (< 20) (percent of all births) 16% 8% 7% 8% Births to teens who were already mothers (percent of teen births) 16% 18% N/A N/A Births to unmarried women (percent of all births) 31% 36% 36% 37% Births to mothers with less than 12 years of education (percent of all births) 15% 15% 13% N/A Births to mothers who smoked during pregnancy (percent of al births) 18% 18% 17% 18% Prenatal Care Initiation 2008 data for the percent of infants born to mothers who initiated prenatal care in the first trimester show a marked decrease from earlier years. The decrease relates to changes in the way the data are collected on the new birth certificates implemented in Montana in Much, if not all, of this decline is related to changes in reporting and not to changes in prenatal care utilization. In each state that has implemented the new birth certificates, the percentage of women reported to begin care in the first trimester has typically fallen by at least 10 percent. As a result, 2008 rates are not comparable to rates from earlier years. A more in-depth discussion can be found in the National Vital Statistics Report ( nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_07.pdf ). Sources: Montana Head Start Program ( The Annie E. Casey Foundation ( MT DPHHS ( 14

17 ISSUES Juvenile arrest rate (ages 10-17; per 1,000 juveniles) Number of juvenile offenses 13,595 11,735 10,765 9,187 Drug offenses (percent of all juvenile offenses) 8% 5% 9% 8% Violent offenses (percent of all juvenile offenses) 11% 12% 12% 14% Number of motor vehicle crashes with driver under 18 3,703 3,158 2,711 2,511 As percent of all crashes 17% 14% 13% 11% Number of substantiated cases of abuse N/A 1,154 1, As percent of reported cases of abuse N/A 12% 12% 11% Prevention Needs Assessment Data on Montana prevention needs come from the DPHHS s Prevention Needs Assessment (PNA) survey, which is conducted across the state each year in grades 8, 10 and 12. The data are provided at several levels, including by y, by school district, by gender, and by race, the latter providing an opportunity to conduct analyses specifically for American Indian youth. PREVENTION NEEDS ASSESSMENT (Grades 8, 10, and 12) Percent of students who feel safe in their neighborhood All students 87% 88% 88% 88% American Indian students 76% 76% 75% 77% Percent of students who feel safe at their school All students 86% 86% 86% 87% American Indian students 85% 76% 78% 79% Percent of students who feel close to their mother and/or father All students 81% 81% 81% 81% American Indian students 75% 76% 76% 76% Percent of students who do not have a trusted adult to talk to about their problems All students 13% 6% 6% 12% American Indian students 18% 9% 8% 17% Percent of students who feel sad or depressed on most days during past year All students 37% 39% 39% 38% American Indian students 51% 52% 54% 51% Percent of students who skipped/cut school at least once during last 4 weeks All students 28% 30% 27% 30% American Indian students 42% 46% 45% 43% Percent of students who are praised by their teacher(s) when working hard in school All students 44% 48% 50% 50% American Indian students 45% 49% 50% 47% Sources: Montana Board of Crime Control ( Montana Department of Transportation ( MT DPHHS ( Montana Kids Count 15

18 MONTANA KIDS COUNT MONTANA The goal is to transform data into information, and information into insights. Carly Fiorina 2009 Data Introduction -level data is extremely important for decision-makers, grant seekers, and local programs. The following pages present indicators that provide a snapshot of how vulnerable families are faring at the y level. The indicators included in this book are reported either as numbers of people or as percentages of a population. A handful of indicators are reported as rates per 1,000, reflecting the number of events per 1,000 people. The most current data year available varies by indicator and is a construct of how the data is collected and analyzed. also vary by time frame, being reported by calendar year, by state or federal fiscal year, or by academic year. Additionally, some indicators are reported as five-year rates, as is the case for infant mortality and other vital statistics: these rates are averaged for the period because of the small population size in most Montana ies and the relative rarity of some vital events. Data and the Census While currently much of the data from the Census Bureau are not disaggregated by y, the coming couple of years will see some significant changes in data availability. First, the Census Bureau is in the process of releasing multiyear data for sub-state areas, most notably ies, based on the American Community Survey (ACS). Already, three-year estimates for the years have been released for units with populations of 64,000 or more. In the next couple of years, five-year estimates will be released for all remaining areas. In the future, three- and five-year estimates will be updated and released annually. Secondly, results from the upcoming 2010 Census will provide new population data at the y and sub-y levels, which will help produce a baseline for more reliable population estimates for the pursuant intercensal years. Census data are used to distribute Congressional seats to states, to make decisions about what community services to provide, and to distribute $400 billion in federal funds to local, state, and tribal governments each year. 16

19 Montana Total state population, , ,440 Percent population change, % 230, ,358 54,869 61, , ,088 58,446 53,156 population under age 20 by race/ethnicity, , , , ,547 24,372 24,262 8,117 12, $33,281 $43,000 Unemployment rate, % 4.5% 39,110 40,834 4,641 3,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages 59,660 87,241 53,568 52,228 Infant mortality (deaths per 1,000 live births), Low birth-weight babies (< 5lbs, 8oz.), as percent of all 6% 7% 73% 65% Births to teens (ages 15-19), as percent of all 16% 8% Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid N/A 46,463 Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP 8,770 17,465 Total public, private, and home school enrollment (K-12; academic year ) 166, , ,039 17,645 4% 5% Juvenile referrals rate (ages 10-17, per 1,000 juveniles), ,595 9,187 8% 8% 11% 14% 5,703 2,511 Number of children participating in the MT Day Care Program (child care), FY2009 8,837 7,878 92% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 17

20 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Beaverhead ,202 8, ,440-3% 7% 2,260 1, , ,114 1, , ,156 2,670 2, ,441 2,566 2, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $29,796 $38,427 $43, % 3.6% 4.5% , , , , % 10% 7% 69% 60% 65% 12% 9% 8% , ,465 1,581 1, , ,645 1% 3% 5% N/A ,187 7% 0% 8% , ,878 87% 18% 63% 18

21 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Big Horn ,671 12, ,440 1% 7% 4,534 4, ,358 1,180 1,233 61,114 2,302 2, ,088 1, ,156 4,917 4, ,441 1, ,547 3,526 3,268 24, , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $24,317 $33,004 $43, % 7.6% 4.5% 1,657 1,369 40, ,292 2,066 3,272 87,241 1,476 1,659 52, % 6% 7% 69% 52% 65% 19% 20% 8% 1,088 1,474 46, ,465 3,040 2, , ,645 10% 12% 5% N/A ,187 3% 0% 8% , ,878 94% 45% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 19

22 MONTANA KIDS COUNT $23,670 $32,331 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 4.1% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages 1,018 1,266 87, ,228 Blaine Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 9% 7% 69% 55% 65% 23% 21% 8% , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP ,465 1,612 1, , Total y population, ,009 6, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 2% 6% 5% 2,287 1, , ,114 N/A , , , ,156 16% 0% 8% 2,517 2, , , ,511 1,479 1,282 24, , , % 74% 63% 20

23 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Broadwater ,385 4, ,440 7% 7% 1, , , , ,156 1,185 1, ,441 1, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $29,034 $41,121 $43, % 4.8% 4.5% , , , , % 10% 7% 86% 63% 65% 15% 16% 8% , , , ,645 1% 6% 5% N/A ,187 0% 0% 8% , ,878 91% 100% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 21

24 MONTANA KIDS COUNT $29,010 $42,454 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 3.8% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Carbon Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 7% 7% 81% 72% 65% 6% 6% 8% , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP ,465 1,689 1, , Total y population, ,552 9, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 2% 4% 5% 2,293 1, , ,114 N/A , , , ,156 16% 0% 8% 2,488 2, ,441 2,405 1, , , , , , % 75% 63% 22

25 $23,505 $29,464 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 3.0% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Carter Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 9% 7% 84% 47% 65% 0% 0% 8% , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP , , Total y population, ,360 1, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 2% 0% 5% , ,114 N/A , , ,156 0% 0% 8% , , , , , , % N/A 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 23

26 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Cascade ,357 82, ,440 2% 7% 20,912 20, ,358 5,337 5,759 61,114 10,608 9, ,088 4,967 4,744 53,156 23,164 22, ,441 20,356 18, ,547 1,341 1,334 24, ,281 12, unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $31,489 $41,999 $43, % 4.1% 4.5% 4,101 3,955 40, ,292 5,529 7,198 87,241 4,314 4,210 52, % 8% 7% 86% 71% 65% 14% 11% 8% 2,815 3,511 46, ,209 17,465 14,613 12, , ,693 1,356 17,645 2% 6% 5% N/A ,459 1,387 9,187 5% 1% 8% N/A 2% 14% ,511 1, ,878 90% 78% 63% 24

27 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Chouteau ,970 5, ,440-12% 7% 1,721 1, , , , ,156 1,870 1, ,441 1, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $30,365 $37,229 $43, % 3.2% 4.5% , , , , % 8% 7% 85% 66% 65% 8% 6% 8% , , , ,645 0% 2% 5% N/A ,187 27% 0% 8% , ,878 96% 60% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 25

28 MONTANA KIDS COUNT $29,451 $36,296 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 3.8% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Custer Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 9% 7% 78% 64% 65% 12% 10% 8% , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP ,465 2,141 1, , Total y population, ,696 11, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 3% 11% 5% 2,939 2, , ,114 N/A ,445 1, , , ,156 6% 0% 8% 3,286 2, ,441 3,159 2, , , , , , % 68% 63% 26

29 $30,409 $33,137 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 3.3% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Daniels % 5% 7% 86% 59% 65% 10% 2% 8% Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP , , Total y population, ,017 1, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 1% 5% 5% , ,114 N/A , , ,156 0% 0% 8% , , , , , , % 92% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 27

30 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Dawson ,059 8, ,440-6% 7% 2,096 1, , ,114 1, , ,156 2,420 1, ,441 2,354 1, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $31,964 $43,678 $43, % 3.3% 4.5% , , , , % 7% 7% 82% 67% 65% 9% 12% 8% , ,465 1,543 1, , ,645 1% 3% 5% N/A ,187 11% 0% 8% , ,878 85% 58% 63% 28

31 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Deer Lodge ,417 8, ,440-6% 7% 2,122 1, , ,114 1, , ,156 2,415 1, ,441 2,271 1, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $26,692 $32,102 $43, % 5.9% 4.5% , , , , % 9% 7% 73% 64% 65% 19% 14% 8% , ,465 1,537 1, , ,645 2% 7% 5% N/A ,187 5% 0% 8% , ,878 98% 78% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 29

32 MONTANA KIDS COUNT $33,260 $42,408 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 2.3% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Fallon Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 8% 7% 90% 63% 65% 7% 10% 8% , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP , , Total y population, ,837 2, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 1% 1% 5% , ,114 N/A , , ,156 4% 0% 8% , , , , , , % 69% 63% 30

33 $28,446 $37,259 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 4.2% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Fergus Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 6% 7% 80% 64% 65% 8% 7% 8% , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP ,465 2,250 1, , Total y population, ,893 11, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 3% 4% 5% 2,919 2, , ,114 N/A ,475 1, , , ,156 9% 0% 8% 3,198 2, ,441 3,085 2, , , , , , % 78% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 31

34 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Flathead ,471 88, ,440 19% 7% 19,287 20, ,358 4,415 5,922 61,114 9,887 9, ,088 4,985 4,882 53,156 21,186 22, ,441 20,273 21, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $32,387 $45,122 $43, % 5.9% 4.5% 3,906 3,530 40, ,292 4,217 7,409 87,241 3,514 4,620 52, % 6% 7% 82% 65% 65% 12% 9% 8% 2,308 3,923 46, ,100 17,465 14,897 14, , ,381 1,461 17,645 8% 6% 5% N/A ,380 1,178 9,187 13% 1% 8% N/A 2% 14% , ,878 87% 57% 63% 32

35 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Gallatin ,831 89, ,440 32% 7% 14,899 19, ,358 3,935 6,085 61,114 7,505 9, ,088 3,459 4,030 53,156 18,294 23, ,441 17,550 21, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $35,710 $50,511 $43, % 3.7% 4.5% 2,001 2,158 40, ,292 1,687 3,074 87,241 1,704 2,113 52, % 6% 7% 87% 69% 65% 6% 5% 8% 1,037 1,782 46, ,099 17,465 10,791 12, , ,645 3% 4% 5% N/A ,187 16% 1% 8% N/A 1% 14% , ,878 74% 70% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 33

36 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Garfield ,279 1, ,440-7% 7% , , , , , , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $24,808 $32,694 $43, % 3.3% 4.5% , , , , % 2% 7% 79% 62% 65% 0% 2% 8% , , ,725 0 N/A ,645 0% 0% 5% N/A ,187 0% 0% 8% 0 1 2, , % 83% 63% 34

37 $22,491 $36,054 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 8.3% 4.5% 1,850 1,386 40, ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages 3,289 4,318 87,241 1,905 1,851 52,228 Glacier % 9% 7% 67% 53% 65% 24% 21% 8% Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid 1,615 1,812 46, Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP ,465 3,037 2, , Total y population, ,247 13, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 3% 7% 5% 4,624 4, ,358 1,075 1,203 61,114 N/A ,353 1, , ,187 1, ,156 5% 0% 8% 5,056 4, ,441 1,364 1, , ,511 3,533 3,117 24, , , % 69% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 35

38 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Golden Valley ,042 1, ,440 4% 7% , , , , , , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $20,453 $32,077 $43, % 4.5% 4.5% , , , , % 0% 7% 67% 54% 65% 0% 14% 8% , , ,725 0 N/A ,645 3% 3% 5% N/A ,187 10% 0% 8% 0 1 2,511 2 N/A 7,878 N/A N/A 63% 36

39 $26,063 $35,436 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 5.8% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Granite % 11% 7% 73% 75% 65% 10% 13% 8% Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP , , Total y population, ,830 2, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 1% 3% 5% , ,114 N/A , , ,156 0% 0% 8% , , , , , , % N/A 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 37

40 MONTANA KIDS COUNT $30,736 $39,155 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 4.5% 4.5% 1,299 1,023 40, ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages 1,863 2,705 87,241 1,383 1,608 52,228 Hill Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 6% 7% 73% 56% 65% 17% 15% 8% 1,198 1,559 46, Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP ,465 3,595 3, , Total y population, ,673 16, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 3% 6% 5% 4,707 4, ,358 1,190 1,324 61,114 N/A ,326 2, , ,187 1, ,156 6% 0% 8% 5,358 5, ,441 3,821 3, , ,511 1,324 1,561 24, , , % 68% 63% 38

41 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Jefferson ,049 11, ,440 12% 7% 2,798 2, , ,114 1,471 1, , ,156 3,050 2, ,441 2,878 2, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $41,820 $54,719 $43, % 4.0% 4.5% , , , , % 8% 7% 86% 67% 65% 10% 9% 8% , ,465 1,908 1, , ,645 3% 4% 5% N/A ,187 24% 0% 8% , ,878 89% 37% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 39

42 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Judith Basin ,329 2, ,440-14% 7% , , , , , , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $26,198 $35,732 $43, % 4.0% 4.5% , , , , % 6% 7% 77% 60% 65% 0% 4% 8% , , , ,645 1% 0% 5% N/A ,187 0% 0% 8% , ,878 94% 83% 63% 40

43 $27,169 $34,732 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 6.7% 4.5% 2,162 2,233 40, ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages 2,259 4,198 87,241 2,188 2,267 52,228 Lake Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 9% 7% 79% 59% 65% 14% 15% 8% 1,458 2,263 46, Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP ,465 5,043 4, , Total y population, ,507 28, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 8% 8% 5% 7,440 7, ,358 1,778 1,943 61,114 N/A ,681 3, , ,187 1,981 1,690 53,156 10% 0% 8% 8,203 7, ,441 5,014 4, , ,511 2,728 2,567 24, , , % 70% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 41

44 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Lewis & Clark ,716 60, ,440 9% 7% 14,268 13, ,358 3,435 3,722 61,114 7,198 6, ,088 3,635 3,313 53,156 15,840 15, ,441 14,901 14, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $36,409 $46,647 $43, % 3.6% 4.5% 2,404 1,834 40, ,292 3,306 4,547 87,241 2,095 2,892 52, % 9% 7% 88% 68% 65% 10% 11% 8% 1,731 2,537 46, ,465 10,426 10, , ,061 1,143 17,645 4% 6% 5% N/A , ,187 7% 1% 8% N/A 1% 14% , ,878 82% 83% 63% 42

45 $27,412 $36,391 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 3.7% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Liberty % 4% 7% 65% 61% 65% 9% 3% 8% Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP , , Total y population, ,158 1, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 2% 0% 5% , ,114 N/A , , ,156 0% 0% 8% , , , , , , % 85% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 43

46 MONTANA KIDS COUNT $27,934 $33,680 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 9.4% 4.5% 1,427 1,071 40, ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages 1,834 2,532 87,241 1,430 1,374 52,228 Lincoln % 7% 7% 78% 62% 65% 14% 10% 8% Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP ,465 3,496 2, , Total y population, ,837 18, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 2% 3% 5% 4,772 3, , ,114 N/A ,436 1, , ,187 1,399 1,088 53,156 8% 0% 8% 5,183 4, ,441 4,941 3, , , , , , % 61% 63% 44

47 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, McCone ,977 1, ,440-15% 7% , , , , , , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $28,974 $38,535 $43, % 2.6% 4.5% , , , , % 8% 7% 80% 60% 65% 17% 9% 8% , , , ,645 1% 4% 5% N/A ,187 15% 0% 8% 0 0 2, , % 62% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 45

48 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Madison ,851 7, ,440 10% 7% 1,570 1, , , , ,156 1,690 1, ,441 1,631 1, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $28,831 $40,949 $43, % 3.7% 4.5% , , , , % 4% 7% 79% 60% 65% 9% 5% 8% , ,465 1, , ,645 1% 1% 5% N/A ,187 17% 0% 8% , ,878 91% 29% 63% 46

49 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Meagher ,932 1, ,440-3% 7% , , , , , , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $22,471 $33,305 $43, % 6.2% 4.5% , , , , % 15% 7% 72% 63% 65% 24% 5% 8% , , , ,645 2% 7% 5% N/A ,187 0% 0% 8% 0 1 2, , % 80% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 47

50 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Mineral ,884 3, ,440-1% 7% , , , ,156 1, , , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $26,068 $34,314 $43, % 6.4% 4.5% , , , , % 9% 7% 77% 58% 65% 13% 9% 8% , , , ,645 4% 5% 5% N/A ,187 18% 0% 8% , ,878 81% N/A 63% 48

51 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Missoula , , ,440 12% 7% 21,917 22, ,358 5,455 6,452 61,114 11,015 10, ,088 5,447 5,197 53,156 25,884 26, ,441 23,850 23, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $33,248 $42,598 $43, % 4.5% 4.5% 4,295 3,754 40, ,292 5,820 9,936 87,241 4,009 4,559 52, % 7% 7% 87% 69% 65% 8% 7% 8% 3,268 4,676 46, ,432 17,465 15,343 14, , ,962 1,764 17,645 6% 4% 5% N/A ,007 1,131 9,187 7% 1% 8% N/A 2% 14% ,511 1,527 1,139 7,878 81% 52% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 49

52 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Musselshell ,497 4, ,440 0% 7% 1, , , , ,156 1, ,441 1, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $22,923 $32,919 $43, % 5.4% 4.5% , , , , % 8% 7% 74% 63% 65% 11% 9% 8% , , , ,645 6% 4% 5% N/A ,187 10% 0% 8% , ,878 75% 50% 63% 50

53 $29,845 $40,173 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 4.6% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Park Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 6% 7% 86% 67% 65% 10% 7% 8% , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP ,465 2,515 2, , Total y population, ,694 16, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 2% 5% 5% 3,695 3, , ,114 N/A ,878 1, , , ,156 8% 0% 8% 4,039 3, ,441 3,875 3, , , , , , % 45% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 51

54 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Petroleum ,440-12% 7% , , , , , , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $24,234 $28,254 $43, % 5.3% 4.5% , , , , % N/A 7% 81% 75% 65% 0% 0% 8% , , , ,645 0% 0% 5% N/A ,187 0% 0% 8% 0 1 2, ,878 N/A N/A 63% 52

55 $26,699 $33,798 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 4.5% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Phillips % 5% 7% 77% 58% 65% 13% 10% 8% Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP , , Total y population, ,601 3, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 1% 2% 5% 1, , ,114 N/A , , ,156 9% 0% 8% 1, ,441 1, , , , , , % 92% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 53

56 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Pondera ,424 5, ,440-9% 7% 1,900 1, , , , ,156 2,072 1, ,441 1,598 1, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $28,198 $35,300 $43, % 4.9% 4.5% , , , , % 4% 7% 80% 65% 65% 8% 13% 8% , ,465 1,440 1, , ,645 4% 2% 5% N/A ,187 5% 0% 8% , , % 91% 63% 54

57 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Powder River ,858 1, ,440-9% 7% , , , , , , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $29,283 $31,461 $43, % 3.1% 4.5% , , , , % 6% 7% 76% 50% 65% 5% 8% 8% , , , ,645 1% 4% 5% N/A ,187 30% 0% 8% 0 2 2, ,878 95% 100% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 55

58 MONTANA KIDS COUNT $29,595 $37,027 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 6.8% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Powell Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 9% 7% 76% 63% 65% 15% 14% 8% , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP ,465 1, , Total y population, ,180 7, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 5% 2% 5% 1,525 1, , ,114 N/A , , ,156 9% 0% 8% 1,702 1, ,441 1,598 1, , , , , , % 44% 63% 56

59 $24,999 $32,857 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 3.8% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Prairie % 3% 7% 80% 56% 65% 14% 0% 8% Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP , , Total y population, ,199 1, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 1% 3% 5% , ,114 N/A , , ,156 0% 0% 8% , , ,511 1 N/A 24,262 4 N/A 12, , % 100% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 57

60 MONTANA KIDS COUNT $28,589 $42,450 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 5.8% 4.5% 2,129 1,824 40, ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages 1,875 3,487 87,241 1,908 2,182 52,228 Ravalli % 7% 7% 83% 69% 65% 9% 10% 8% Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid 1,146 1,832 46, Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP 819 1,225 17,465 6,578 5, , Total y population, ,070 40, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 0% 4% 5% 9,231 8, ,358 2,073 2,205 61,114 N/A ,752 4, , ,187 2,406 2,314 53,156 14% 0% 8% 10,075 9, ,441 9,722 9, , , , , , % 60% 63% 58

61 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Richland ,667 9, ,440-4% 7% 2,661 2, , ,114 1, , ,156 2,903 2, ,441 2,791 2, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $31,885 $49,168 $43, % 2.8% 4.5% , , , , % 9% 7% 82% 56% 65% 10% 11% 8% , ,465 2,043 1, , ,645 5% 3% 5% N/A ,187 4% 0% 8% , ,878 91% 82% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 59

62 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Roosevelt ,620 10, ,440-5% 7% 3,672 3, , ,114 1,907 1, , ,156 3,980 3, ,441 1, ,547 2,795 2,643 24, , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $23,953 $29,744 $43, % 6.7% 4.5% 1,535 1,290 40, ,292 2,590 2,969 87,241 1,818 1,640 52, % 8% 7% 71% 50% 65% 20% 21% 8% 1,546 1,669 46, ,465 2,831 2, , ,645 12% 8% 5% N/A ,187 20% 0% 8% , ,878 92% 94% 63% 60

63 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Rosebud ,383 9, ,440-2% 7% 3,143 2, , ,114 1,603 1, , ,156 3,406 2, ,441 1,766 1, ,547 1,515 1,533 24, , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $34,889 $44,948 $43, % 5.7% 4.5% , , ,825 87,241 1, , % 7% 7% 70% 53% 65% 16% 16% 8% , ,465 2,622 2, , ,645 6% 9% 5% N/A ,187 20% 0% 8% , ,878 92% 63% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 61

64 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Sanders ,227 11, ,440 8% 7% 2,433 2, , ,114 1,214 1, , ,156 2,668 2, ,441 2,391 2, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $24,183 $31,932 $43, % 9.1% 4.5% , , ,213 87, , % 7% 7% 75% 51% 65% 16% 11% 8% , ,465 1,891 1, , ,645 4% 3% 5% N/A ,187 7% 0% 8% , ,878 79% 11% 63% 62

65 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Sheridan ,105 3, ,440-20% 7% , , , ,156 1, , , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $29,761 $35,395 $43, % 2.8% 4.5% , , , , % 13% 7% 86% 61% 65% 12% 9% 8% , , , ,645 4% 1% 5% N/A ,187 1% 0% 8% , , % 92% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 63

66 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Silver Bow ,606 32, ,440-5% 7% 8,199 7, ,358 2,001 1,974 61,114 4,248 3, ,088 1,950 1,803 53,156 9,252 8, ,441 8,703 7, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $30,795 $40,053 $43, % 4.3% 4.5% 1,887 1,429 40, ,292 3,174 3,730 87,241 1,455 1,973 52, % 8% 7% 80% 67% 65% 11% 12% 8% 1,707 1,972 46, ,465 5,884 5, , ,645 2% 6% 5% N/A ,187 4% 0% 8% N/A 1% 14% , ,878 97% 61% 63% 64

67 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Stillwater ,195 8, ,440 6% 7% 2,071 1, , ,114 1, , ,156 2,248 2, ,441 2,154 1, , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $33,897 $51,722 $43, % 7.0% 4.5% , , , , % 8% 7% 86% 69% 65% 14% 5% 8% , ,465 1,663 1, , ,645 2% 4% 5% N/A ,187 23% 0% 8% , ,878 95% 63% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 65

68 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Sweet Grass ,609 3, ,440 5% 7% , , , , , , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $29,456 $42,229 $43, % 2.4% 4.5% , , , , % 9% 7% 82% 69% 65% 6% 7% 8% , , ,725 0 N/A ,645 1% 3% 5% N/A ,187 10% 0% 8% , ,878 84% N/A 63% 66

69 $27,944 $38,290 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 3.7% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Teton Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 5% 7% 74% 62% 65% 14% 5% 8% , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP ,465 1,369 1, , Total y population, ,445 5, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 1% 1% 5% 1,757 1, , ,114 N/A , , ,156 10% 0% 8% 1,933 1, ,441 1,850 1, , , , , , % 86% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 67

70 MONTANA KIDS COUNT $30,673 $37,959 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 2.9% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Toole Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 5% 7% 85% 64% 65% 18% 9% 8% , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP , , Total y population, ,267 5, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 3% 4% 5% 1, , ,114 N/A , , ,156 9% 0% 8% 1,463 1, ,441 1, , , , , , % 30% 63% 68

71 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Treasure ,440-26% 7% , , , , , , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $24,321 $36,193 $43, % 3.9% 4.5% , , , , % 4% 7% 79% 62% 65% 14% 4% 8% , , , N/A 17,645 3% 10% 5% N/A ,187 0% 0% 8% 0 0 2, ,878 93% N/A 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 69

72 MONTANA KIDS COUNT $29,581 $37,019 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 3.8% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Valley Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 6% 7% 79% 68% 65% 1% 9% 8% , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP ,465 1,409 1, , Total y population, ,675 6, , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 3% 3% 5% 1,928 1, , ,114 N/A , , ,156 5% 0% 8% 2,106 1, ,441 1,736 1, , , , , , % 88% 63% 70

73 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Wheatland ,259 2, ,440-11% 7% , , , , , , , , unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $21,293 $28,654 $43, % 3.7% 4.5% , , , , % 4% 7% 61% 51% 65% 3% 11% 8% , , , ,645 1% 5% 5% N/A ,187 0% 0% 8% 0 6 2, ,878 93% 100% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 71

74 MONTANA KIDS COUNT $25,010 $35,045 $43,000 unemployment rate, % 3.2% 4.5% , ,292 Food Stamp recipients of all ages , ,228 Wibaux Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid % 6% 7% 86% 51% 65% 0% 17% 8% , Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP , , Total y population, , , ,645 Percent population change, % 7% 0% 2% 5% , ,114 N/A , , ,156 0% 0% 8% , , , , , , % 83% 63% 72

75 Total y population, 2008 Percent population change, Yellowstone , , ,440 10% 7% 32,965 34, ,358 8,539 9,834 61,114 16,692 16, ,088 7,734 7,759 53,156 36,582 37, ,441 33,255 32, ,547 1,715 2,307 24,262 2,172 3,010 12, unemployment rate, 2008 Food Stamp recipients of all ages Children (ages 0-17) enrolled in Medicaid Children (ages 0-18) enrolled in CHIP $38,308 $47,947 $43, % 3.4% 4.5% 5,394 4,519 40, ,292 7,475 11,370 87,241 5,884 6,708 52, % 7% 7% 81% 68% 65% 11% 9% 8% 4,852 7,407 46, ,030 17,465 23,666 23, , ,117 2,641 17,645 4% 5% 5% N/A , ,187 18% 2% 8% N/A 2% 14% ,511 2,359 1,795 7,878 86% 54% 63% 2009 Montana Kids Count 73

76 MONTANA KIDS COUNT Sources National Survey of Children s Health, Child Obesity By Thale Dillon, Director of Economic Research, Montana KIDS COUNT. Bureau of Indian Affairs American Indian Population and Labor Force Report. Catalog of Potential Reframes for Child Nutrition FrameWorks Institute. F as in Fat (2009): How Obesity Policies are Failing in America Trust for America s Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Governor s Office of Economic Development Investments in Early Childhood: An Essential Industry that is Both Good for Business and Vital to Montana s Economy. Maternal and Child Health Bureau, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Survey of Children s Health. Data available at Accessed August Data are per calendar year. Montana KIDS COUNT Montana Data Book. Social and Economic Opportunity Montana KIDS COUNT 2004 Data Book. U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey. Data Sources and Definitions for State and Total Population; Child Population by Sex, Age and Race/Ethnicity Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Various annual y population estimates from April1, to July 1, Accessed August 2009, at Data are per calendar year. 74 Median Age: Total and by Sex Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Table CC-EST2008-AGESEX-[ST- FIPS]: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Selected Age Groups and Sex for Counties in [STATE]: April 1, to July 1, Accessed August 2009, at Data are per calendar year. Unemployment rates Montana Department of Labor and Industry: Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS). Accessed July 2009, at org/?pageid=67&subid=123. Data are per calendar year. Definition: The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is currently unemployed. The labor force comprises all non-institutionalized individuals 16 or older who are either working or actively looking for work. Unemployed persons who have given up looking for a job are excluded from the labor force. Median Household income U.S. Census Bureau. Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE), accessed August 2009, at Data are per calendar year. Per-Capita Income Bureau of Economic Analysis: Regional Economic Acs, table CA05; accessed August 2009, at Data are per calendar year. Children in Single-Parent Households; Grandchildren in Care of Grandparents Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT Data Center. Accessed September 2009, at Data are per calendar year. Definition: The percentage of Montana children living in the two different types of households. Children in State Care (Out-of-Home Placement)/Adoption DPHHS: Child & Family Services/CAPS. Data obtained through special request. Data are per calendar year. Educational Attainment/High School and Bachelor s Degrees U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey. Accessed September 2009, at program=acs&_submenuid=datasets_2&_lang=en. Data are per calendar year.

77 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) DPHHS Director s Office, Office of Budget & Finance. Current data obtained through special request; older data available at Data are per state fiscal year. Definition: TANF is an assistance program made up of three components 1) The Job Supplement Program (JSP) provides options to a cash grant such as Medicaid coverage, child care assistance, or a one-time employmentrelated payment; 2) The Pathways Program, a time limited monthly cash grant and opportunities leading to self-sufficiency; and 3) the Community Services Program (CSP), a cash assistance program designed for individuals who have used all of their Pathways benefits but have not achieved selfsufficiency. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP; formerly Food Stamps program) DPHHS Director s Office, Office of Budget & Finance. Current data obtained through special request; older data available at statisticalinformation/index.shtml. Data are per state fiscal year. Definition: A program to supplement the food costs of low income households with food stamps that are redeemable for groceries. There are two kinds of assistance: public-assistance (households in which all members receive income from TANF or SSI) and non-assistance (all other food stamps). Free/Reduced-Price Lunch Montana Office of Public Instruction. Data obtained through query run in IRIS (Internet Reporting and Information Service) in September Accessed at Data are per academic year. Definition: Provides nutrition education and nutritious meals, such as breakfast, lunch, and after-school snacks, to children in order to promote learning readiness and healthy eating habits. WIC Enrollment DPHHS Nutrition/WIC Special Supplemental Nutrition Program. Data obtained through special request. Data are per federal fiscal year. Definition: Helps safeguard the health of low-income women, infants, and children up to age five who are at nutritional risks by providing nutritious foods to supplement diets, information on healthy eating, and referrals to healthcare. Poverty Rates; Uninsured Rates Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT Data Center. Accessed September 2009 at Data are per calendar year. CHIP Enrollment Department of Public Health and Human Services, CHIP Bureau. Current data obtained through special request; older data available at mt.gov/statisticalinformation/index.shtml. Data are per state fiscal year. Definition: A federal-state partnership that expands health insurance to children whose families earn too much money to qualify for Medicaid, but not enough money to purchase private insurance. In Montana, a child qualifies for CHIP if income is too high to qualify for Medicaid, but less than 175% of FPL (see box on page 12). Medicaid Enrollment DPHHS, Office of Planning, Coordination and Analysis. Data obtained through special request. Data are per state fiscal year. Definition: Provides medical benefits to low-income people, with inadequate or no medical insurance. The federal government establishes general guidelines for the program, while program requirements are set by each state. Eligibility for children is based on the child's status, not the parent's, and is set at 133% FPL. Immunization Rates DPHHS, Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Immunization Program. Data obtained through special request. Data are per calendar year. Definition: The immunization requirements to qualify as fully immunized change every few years as new inoculations are added to the schedule. For 2006, the schedule was 4:3:1:3:3 (4 doses of DTaP[Diphtheria, Tetanus & Pertussis]; 3 doses of Polio; 1 dose MMR [measles, mumps & rubella]; 3 doses Hib [Haemophilus influenzae type b i.e. meningitis]; and 3 doses HepB [Hepatitis B]). For 2008, the schedule includes one additional dose of Varicella (chicken pox), and in doses of pneumococcal vaccination will be added. Prior to 2006, the 3 Hib doses were not required, thus the rates for complete immunization were higher. This will also be the case when comparing 2007 and 2008, and 2008 and Additionally, in 2008, the time frame used as basis for the calculation of immunization rates changed: prior to 2008, children had to be inoculated as 2-year olds, i.e. prior to turning 3. Starting in 2008, for a child to be considered fully immunized, the inoculations have to be administered by a child s second birthday i.e. prior to turning Montana Kids Count 75

78 MONTANA KIDS COUNT School Data (Enrollment, Dropout Rates, Proficiency Rates, Disabled Student Enrollment) Montana Office of Public Instruction. Data obtained through query run in IRIS (Internet Reporting and Information Service) in September Accessed at Data are per academic year. Head Start Montana Head Start Association, obtained through special request. Data are per state fiscal year. Definition: Head Start helps provide comprehensive child development services to economically disadvantaged children and families, with a special focus on helping preschoolers develop the early reading and math skills they need to be successful in school. To be eligible for Head Start services, a child must be at least 3-years-old and its family below 100% FPL. Child Care Subsidies DPHHS Early Childhood Services Bureau: Best Beginnings Child Care and Development Fund. Data accessed September 2009 at mt.gov/statisticalinformation/childcare/sfy2009/index.shtml. Definition: The Best Beginnings Child Care Scholarships Program helps pay for child care for working families whose income is at or below 150% FPL, and to families who participate in TANF. All participants pay a co-payment based on a sliding fee scale. Birth and Death Statistics DPHHS: Office of Vital Statistics. Data obtained through special request. Data are per calendar year. Definition: Data is obtained from the birth- and death certificates of all Montana residents, covering births and deaths that occur both in the state and elsewhere. Maternal Statistics Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT Data Center. Accessed September 2009 at Data are per calendar year. Juvenile Crime Statistics Montana Board of Crime Control. Data obtained through special request and are per calendar year. Definition: In Montana, the juvenile justice system covers youth ages 10 through 17. Motor Vehicle Crashes Montana Department of Transportation, Trafficway Crash Summary. Data obtained through special request. Data are per calendar year. Prevention Needs Assessment Montana Department of Health and Human Services, Addictive and Mental Disorders Division. Prevention Needs Assessment survey Available at Accessed August Data are per calendar year. Definition: Data are obtained through voluntary surveys conducted in schools in even-numbered years. Questionnaires are distributed to students in grades 8, 10 and 12, in both public and private schools. The questions refer to either current conditions/events, or conditions/events that have taken place over the 12 months prior to the survey. 76

79 Montana Kids Count Advisory Board Peggy Beltrone Cascade Commissioner Ann Hagen-Buss Family & Community Health Bureau (DPHHS) Mary Caferro Working for Equality & Economic Liberation (WEEL) Edith Clark Registered Nurse Dianna Frick Family & Community Health Bureau (DPHHS) Jackie Jandt Addictive & Mental Disorders Division (DPHHS) Charlotte Kelley Montana Breast & Cervical Health Program Cathy Kendall Montana Of ce of Public Instruction Christie Hill-Larson Montana Head Start Association Gar eld Little Light Indian Health Service Patrick M. Barkey Bureau of Business & Economic Research Steve Yeakel Montana Council for Maternal & Child Health Deborah Donovan Montana Chapter, March of Dimes Permission to reproduce and disseminate information from this data book is granted provided Montana Kids Count is cited as the source. Montana Kids Count information is available online at. Additional copies of the 2009 Kids Count in Montana Data Book can be obtained by contacting: Montana Kids Count would like to acknowledge the following people. Without their help in gathering data, answering questions, and offering their expertise this data book would not be possible. Aaron McNay Economist, Research and Analysis Bureau, Montana Department of Labor and Industry Andrew Boehm Research Specialist, Montana Office of Public Instruction Carl McMahon Budget Specialist, Director s Office Office of Budget and Finance, DPHHS Christy Hill-Larson Director, Montana Head Start Association Cody Custis Statistical Technician, Office of Vital Statistics Danielle Murphy Operations Research Analyst, State & Local Traffic Safety Office, MT Department of Transportation Montana Kids Count would like to thank the following for their financial support: Addictive & Mental Disorder Division Chemical Dependency Bureau 555 Fuller/PO Box Helena, MT Eric Higginbotham Operations Research Analyst, Office of Planning, Coordination & Analysis, DPHHS Gene Hermanson Information Analyst Manager, Children s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), DPHHS Jimmy Steyee Statistician, Montana Board of Crime Control, Department of Justice Lou Walters CAPS Liaison, Child and Family Services, DPHHS Mark Walker Information Systems Coordinator, Nutrition Section (WIC), DPHHS Tim Horan Immunization Assessment Health Service Specialist, Immunization Section, Communicable Disease Control & Prevention Bureau, DPHHS - Family and Community Health Bureau - CHIP program Montana Kids Count Bureau of Business & Economic Research School of Business Administration The University of Montana Missoula, MT Phone: Web site: