Child Multidimensional Poverty: Chilean Measurement

Transcription

1 MPPN Conference on Child Poverty Child Multidimensional Poverty: Chilean Measurement Alejandra Candia D. Undersecretary of Social Evaluation Ministry of Social Development March 21, 2019

2 A brief history of the methodology adoption in Chile Chile recognizes that the methodology used to measure income poverty is not enough to capture deprivations and vulnerabilities of our society in a comprehensive way, and therefore designing and implementing effective public policies and social programs to improve the quality of life of our citizens. Since 2013, we are working on a complementary way to analyze and understand our vulnerable population Multidimensional Poverty. CASEN is the most important household survey in Chile, and it is currently used to measure poverty (income or multidimensional dimensions), the data has nationwide coverage and representativeness but we recognize there is a shortfall of information to measure all dimensions of poverty. Civil society, academia and policy-makers have participated in the whole process.

3 Chile MPI allows measuring child deprivations There is a national consensus regarding which deprivations should be address by social policies to improve the social welfare. The MPI was built to reflect those deprivations that affect not only the whole population but also specifics groups such as child population. In fact, some indicators that are involved in the measurement affect directly child population (e.g. child nutrition) and others affect the household (e.g. pollution). Advantage: This methodology allows the comparison among groups and the whole population.

4 Current indicators Education (22,5%) Health (22,5%) Dimensions and indicators Labor and social security (22,5%) Housing and environment (22,5%) Multidimensional Poverty Measure, including Environment, Networks and Social Cohesion Housing dimension was extended to a Housing and environment dimension. Networks and social cohesion A(10%) new dimension called Networks and Social Cohesion was added. School attendance Childhood Malnutrition Employment Habitability* Social Weightings support are equal for and former participation dimensions (22,5%) and smaller for the new dimension (10%). Educational lag Schooling Health insurance Access to health care Social security coverage Retirement coverage Basic services Environment Equal Equal treatment weightings for all indicators in a given dimension prevail: 3,3% for Networks and Social Cohesion indicators, and 7,5% Safetyfor all others. * Habitability indicator: includes both housing condition and overcrowding deprivations Multidimensional poverty cut-off: 22,5% or more deprivations (equal to a former dimension s weighting).

5 Percentage of population under 18 years old living under multidimensional poverty is more than the percentage of older population under multidimensional poverty, (Percent, population) 40,0 35,0 30,0 25,0 20,0 29,8 26,6 26,4 23,5 23,4 19,4 22,2 21,4 18,1 17,8 23,3 22,9 20,1 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 0, Measure Medición with con 4 dimensions dimensiones Medición Measure con entorno withy redes 5 dimensions 0 to 17 years old 18 years old or older 0 a 17 años 18 años o más Source: Ministry of Social Development, Casen survey

6 Asistencia Rezago Escolaridad Malnutricion Adscripción al sistema de salud Atención en salud Ocupación Seguridad social Jubilaciones Habitabilidad Overcrowding Hacinamiento Estado Housing de la condition vivienda Servicios básicos Entorno Accessibility Accesibilidad Medio ambiente Pollution Apoyo y participación social Trato igualitario Seguridad Households with children have serious deprivations in social security coverage, overcrowding and safety compared with households without children (2017). (Percent, population) 4,4 4,0 0,6 0,4 31,0 27,4 0,0 10,3 5,5 5,4 4,2 3,7 11,0 8,9 27,8 34,5 14,4 14,5 6,0 24,3 1,3 13,4 13,6 14,0 6,9 6,2 10,9 9,3 7,1 5,9 4,1 4,0 5,3 6,3 13,0 14,5 14,1 10,3 Educacion Salud Trabajo y seguridad social Household without children Hogar sin NNA Households with children Hogar con NNA Vivienda y entorno Redes y cohesión social Source: Ministry of Social Development, Casen survey 2017.

7 The overcrowding is a bigger problem in households with children than in households without children (2017) (Percent, population) ,7 86,6 Without Sin hacinamiento overcrowding (2,49 y persons ormenos) less per room) 9,9 0,8 0,1 2,5 0,4 1,0 Low Hacinamiento to medium overcrowding medio bajo Hacinamiento Medium highmedio overcrowding alto (3,5 (2,5 to 3,49 (2,5 persons a 3,49) per room) (3,5 to 4,9 persons a 4,9) per room) Household Households Hogar sin NNA Hogar con NNA without children with children High Hacinamiento overcrowding crítico (5 or more (5 y personsmás) room) Source: Ministry of Social Development, Casen survey 2017.

8 Percentage of households with children that have witnessed or experimented with drug use or trafficking in the area of residence are higher than households without children (2017) 70 (Percent, population) 60 53,3 60,0 56, Household Hogar without sin NNA children Household Hogar con withnna children Total Hogar Household sin NNA Hogar Households con NNA Total Total without children with children Source: Ministry of Social Development, Casen survey 2017.

9 Chile s MPI measurement As mentioned before, our measure contains some deprivations that affect the whole population (e.g. health, housing and participation) and others that affect specific groups (e.g. education and labor). Chile s experience shows the efficiency of having a single measurement that involves important aspects of the quality of life. The national consensus allows us to have a single measurement, having a common diagnosis and focus on the action to resolve the deprivations.

10 MPPN Conference on Child Poverty Child Multidimensional Poverty: Chilean Measurement Alejandra Candia D. Undersecretary of Social Evaluation Ministry of Social Development March 21, 2019