Multidimensional Poverty Measurement in México

Transcription

1 Multidimensional Poverty Measurement in México International Conference on Human Development Measurement Methods and Evaluation Approaches Focused on Equity in Favor of the New Generations Rabat, Morrocco June,

2 Content Background Multidimensional Poverty Measurement in Mexico Results Institutionalyzing Poverty Measurements

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4 Background Dimensions Social Rights of poverty (SDL: (SDL, Article 6) 36) Income Educational gap Access to health services Access to social security Access to food Housing quality and spaces Access to basic services of housing Social cohesion grade Education Health Social security Food Work Healthy enviroment Nondiscrimination

5 The poverty measurement is based on a Human Rights approach CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT (JUNE 10, 2011) ARTICLE 1 Recognition of human rights in the Constitution and international treaties Pro-person principle Promote, respect, protect and meet human rights by all national and local authorities Recognition of the principles of universality, interdependence, indivisibility and progressivity

6 A multidimensional methodology for measuring poverty Social development and poverty are multidimensional Why? Income is important but is far being enough To move towards a system of integrated social development, based on human rights To follow up the different dimensions that affect social development, not just income What for?

7 A multidimensional methodology for measuring poverty What are the benefits? Identifies the dimensions and subgroups that social policy should focus on first Need to apply: Economic and social policies Universal and targeted policies Complementary actions rather than isolated

8 The poverty measurement should 1 Use information generated by INEGI 2 Reported every two years at the state level 3 Reported every five years at the municipality level

9 Analytical spaces Poverty measurement Social Rights From guarantees to human rights Poverty associated with social deprivations Well-being The economic policy and the income have incidence on social development Constitutional recognition of Human Rights (June 2011)

10 Measuring poverty Lack of resources Concept Capabilities Unmet needs Human Rights A human rights approach adds value because it provides a normative framework of obligations that has the legal power to render governments accountable Mary Robinson

11 Universal Inalienable Interdependent Indivisible Interrelated Principles of human Indivisible rights All rights have equal status and cannot be positioned in a Universal hierarchical order Everybody is entitled to them Absolute Inherent Inviolable Irreversible Interdependent Unfulfillment of any right affects the others Progressive

12 Meaning of overcoming poverty in the lives of people Well-paid jobs with Income benefits School Educational attendance and gap universal coverage of basic education Enough food for everybody Access to food (quantity, quality and variety) Access to health services Enforceability of health care Water, drainage, Access to electricity and basic right conditions services of housing for cooking Formal employment Access to and protection from accidents, social diseases or stages of the life cycle security (pregnancy, old age) Housing quality and for habitability spaces Enough space for household members and suitable materials (ceilings, walls, floors)

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14 Well-being Income How is the official methodology? 6 5 Population Mexico Social deprivation Social Rights 0 Per capita current income Bidimensional Education Index Health Territorial Social security Housing Social cohesion grade Basic services Food

15 Well-being Income EWL 6 Economic Well-being Line With a Social deprivation Social deprivation Social rights Without S O C I A L D E P R I V A T I O N 0

16 Well-being Income Identification of poverty Vulnerable by social deprivation Population not poor and not vulnerable EWL POOR Vulnerable by income Social deprivation Social rights 0

17 Well-being Income Identification of poverty Vulnerable by social deprivation Population not poor and not vulnerable EWL MWL Moderate poverty EXTREME POVERTY Vulnerable by income Social deprivation Social rights 0

18 Distinctive features of Mexico Multidimensional Poverty Measurement Two differentiated analytical spaces: economic well-being and social rights Therefore, not a single, but a bidimensional index for identifying poor people Establishing a number of economic and social conditions that should be universally met Identifying not only poor and noo poor people, but also vulnerable people Sub-group and dimensions decomposition Time comparisons Axiomatic properties

19 Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social, Medición multidimensional de la pobreza en México, El trimestre económico,vol. LXXX1 (1), Núm. 321, enero-marzo 2014, pp

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21 Well-being Income Indicators of poverty, 2012 EWL 6 Vulnerable by social deprivation 28.6 % 33.5 million Average: 1.8 social deprivations Urban = $2,329 Rural = $1,490 Urban = $1,125 Rural = $800 MWL Extreme poor 9.8% 11.5 millions Average: 3.7 social deprivations Moderate poor 35.7% 41.8 million Average: 2.0 social deprivations Social deprivation Social rights Source: CONEVAL estimations based on the MCS-2012 ENlGH 0 Population not poor and not vulnerable 19.8 % 23.2 million Vulnerable by income 6.2 % 7.2 million Poverty 45.5 % 53.3 million Average: 2.4 social deprivations

22 Percentage of population in poverty, by federal state, 2012 Source: CONEVAL estimations based on the MCS-2012 ENlGH

23 Percentage of population by social deprivation and economic well-being, 2012 Social deprivation Educational gap Access to health services Access to social security Access to basic services of housing Housing quality and spaces Access to food Well-being Population with income below than the minimum well-being line (MWL) Population with income below than the economic well-being line (EWL) Source: CONEVAL estimations based on the MCS-2012 ENlGH

24 Change in the number of people in poverty Social deprivation % 52.8 million % 53.3 million Poverty Access to food Access to social security Population Population with with income income below than below the minimum than the well-being economic line (MWL) well-being line (EWL) Extreme poverty Million of people Educational gap Access to basic services of housing % 13.0 million % 11.5 million Housing quality and spaces Access to health services Source: CONEVAL estimations based on the MCS-2012 ENlGH

25 Poverty and extreme poverty in municipality of Mexico, 2010 Percentage of population living in poverty by municipality, Mexico 2010 Percentage of population living in extreme poverty by municipality, México 2010 Rangos Rangos Total de municipios [ 0-30 ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Total de municipios [ 0-20 ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ,012 municipalities: 50 percent or more of its population is poor. 338 municipalities: Most people are extremely poor Source: CONEVAL estimations based on the MCS-ENIGH 2010 and Sample Census of Population and Housing 2010.

26 Poverty by municipality of Mexico, ,003 municipalities: 50 percent or more of its population is poor. 190 municipalities concentrate half of poor people in the country Source: CONEVAL estimations based on the MCS-ENIGH 2010 and Sample Census of Population and Housing 2010.

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28 Institutionalyzing poverty measurement use National Interest Information Mandatory use at federal, state and municipality levels National Development Plan An Inclusive Mexico for everybody Poverty indicators Human rights approach to social policy

29 National Crusade Against Hunger (CNCH) Chronic malnutrition: 13.6% (children under 5) CNCH Income lower than EWL: 50% Income less than MWL: 20% Access to food deprivation: 23% Target population Extreme Poverty with Access to Food Deprivation

30 National Crusade Against Hunger (CNCH) Year Municipalities , ,457 High head count ratio (>75% or over) A large number of poor people in a reduced number of municipalities

31 National Crusade Against Hunger (CNCH) Universal Allowance for anyone (65 or over) Finance Coordination Law All municipalities must make efforts to reduce extreme poverty (85%-15%)

32 Thank you!

33 Contact information Ricardo Aparicio Director, Poverty Analysis Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL) Boulevard Adolfo López Mateos No.160 Col. San Ángel Inn, Delegación Álvaro Obregón, C.P , México, D.F