Impacts of New Tourism in Rural and Remote Communities in Jalisco State, Mexico

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1 Impacts of New Tourism in Rural and Remote Communities in Jalisco State, Mexico Derrek Eberts, Brandon University Rodrigo Espinoza Sánchez, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de la Costa Presented at the 2014 Annual Conference of the Canadian Association of Geographers, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON

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4 Methods 6 towns Resident surveys: n=25 each, 20 questions, plus some demographics Key informant interviews n=2 each, tourism officials or planning officials

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16 1. Age 3. Income 8% 8% 20% 8% 32% 20% 16% 56% 20% years years years years years $ $3000 $ $5000 $ more Not Answered 2. Sex 4. Education 20% 8% 24% 28% 80% 40% Male Female Elementary Secondary High School Degree

17 6. What is your current occupation? 4% 4% 4% 16% 72% Student Agriculture Trade Secretary Bricklayer 6.1 Occupation of other adults in your family? 12% 8% 8% 12% 60% Fishing Agriculture Trade Student Bricklayer

18 7. On a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = least important and 10 = most important), how important do you think tourism is to Campo Acosta right now? 8. On a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = least important and 10 = most important), how important do you think it is for Campo Acosta to develop more tourism? 4% 12% 20% 84% 80% What do you think are the main reasons for tourists to visit Campo Acosta? 40% 60% Beachs Dam "Cajón de Peñas"

19 10. What do you think will be the main benefits of more tourism in Campo Acosta over the next 5 years? 11. When will the benefits occur? 4% 4% 8% 8% 28% 72% 76% More economical income More employment 5-10 years years When the construction of hotels and restaurants start Already happening Don't know 12. Who do you think will benefit most from tourism in Campo Acosta? 13. How long will the benefits last? 8% 20% 4% 4% 4% The town people 92% The government and investors 68% Of 5-10 years Of years Always Long time Don't know

20 14. What do you think will be the main negative effects of more tourism in Campo Acosta over the next 5 years? 15. When do you think negative effects will be felt? 8% 8% 36% 44% 44% 56% 4% Insecurity Don't know Social problems (drug addiction and prostitution) In 4-6 years Already happening When the development tourism start Don't know 16. Who do you think will suffer most as a result of tourism in Campo Acosta? 4% 17. How long will the negative effects last? 4% 24% 32% 56% 72% 8% Who doesn't work in tourism No one Environment Of years While tourism beech Always Don't know

21 18. Do you expect your family to be economically better off, worse off, or no different if there is more tourism here? 0% 100% Better off Worse off No different 20. Do you think health care amenities will be better, worse, or no different if there is more tourism development here? 8% 4% 22. Do you think infrastructure will be better, worse, or no different if there is more tourism development here? 0% 88% Will be better off Will be worse off No different 100% Better Worse No different

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23 San Sebastian del Oeste

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33 1.Age 2. Sex 15% 0% 10% 35% 50% 50% 15% 25% Years Years Years Years 56 or more 2. Sex Male Female 3.Income 4.Education 30% 25% 15% 25% 5% 20% 30% 20% $ $2000 $ $3000 $ $4000 $4001 or More Not Answered 30% Degree Technical Degree Secundaria Primaria

34 6.what is yout current occupation? 5% 5% 20% 30% 5% 20% 10% 5% Student Administration Restaurant Taxi driver Housewife Trade Hotel Tourism Office 6.1 Occupation of other adults in your family? 5% 10% 5% 80% Work Trade Hotel Not Answered

35 7. On a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = least important and 10 = most important), how important do you think tourism is to San Sebastian del Oeste right now? 15% 8. On a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = least important and 10 = most important), how important do you think it is for San Sebastian del Oeste to develop more tourism? 5% 10% 45% 15% 30% 65% 5% 10% What do you think are the main reasons for tourists to visit San Sebastian del Oeste? 5% 5% 25% 20% 5% 20% 20% Antiquity Magical Town Nature Ecotourism Tranquility History Discover

36 10. What do you think will be the main benefits of more tourism in San Sebastian del Oeste over the next 5 years? 10% 15% 11. When will the benefits occur? 10% 5% 25% 15% 15% 5% 15% 40% 10% Employ Economy Infrastructure More Enterprises Tourist promotion Not Benefits 35% Short Term Medium Term Long Term Tourism Not Answered Never 12. Who do you think will benefit most from tourism in San Sebastian del Oeste? 10% 5% 5% 15% 13. How long will the benefits last? 0% 25% 35% 15% 50% 10% 30% Town Community Tourism Enterprises Trade Restaurants Goverment Always Long Term Short Term Tourism Not Answered

37 14. What do you think will be the main negative effects of more tourism in San Sebastian del Oeste over the next 5 years? 15. When do you think negative effects will be felt? 0% 5% 5% 5% 10% 5% 40% 50% 20% 15% 5% 10% 10% 20% Pollution Environmental Impact acculture Deterioration Nothing Tourism Seasonality Insecurity Type of tourists Short Term Medium Term Long Term Never Tourism Not Answered 16. Who do you think will suffer most as a result of tourism in San Sebastian del Oeste? 10% 20% 17. How long will the negative effects last? 5% 35% 25% 25% 5% 10% 5% 10% 30% Environment Buildings Town Population Nobody Trade 20% Short Term Medium Term Long Term Tourism Not Answered Never

38 18. Do you expect your family to be economically better off, worse off, or no different if there is more tourism here? 25% 0% 75% Better off Worse Off No different 20. Do you think health care amenities will be better, worse, or no different if there is more tourism development here? 22. Do you think infrastructure will be better, worse, or no different if there is more tourism development here? If better or worse, describe how? 25% 30% 0% 5% 65% 75% Will be Better Will Be Worse No different Will be Better Will be Worse Not Different

39 A couple of comparisons to Punta de Mita

40 Some Conclusions Generally very positive view of tourism development (or expansion) Anticipated benefits economic Anticipated costs much less certainty, but common theme is environment Little recognition of social or cultural impacts Reality may not meet expectations we will see in 5 years, 10 years (hopefully!)