Wind in balancing markets: the role of net demand
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1 Wind in balancing markets: the role of net demand Muireann Á. Lynch Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin October 29, 2015
2 Presentation structure Introduction and motivation Literature review Possible methodologies Toy model Future directions
3 Health warning! This is very much work in progress!
4 Background and motivation Correlation between RES and demand Reduce mean and variance of spot prices
5 Background and motivation Correlation between RES and demand Reduce mean and variance of spot prices High RES at times of high prices?
6 Background and motivation Correlation between RES and demand Reduce mean and variance of spot prices High RES at times of high prices? Higher than usual exposure to balancing market?
7 Background and motivation Figure: Forecast error against wind output
8 Background and motivation Correlation between RES and demand Reduce mean and variance of spot prices High RES at times of high prices? Higher than usual exposure to balancing market? Optimal correlation for wind producers and consumers?
9 Literature Twomey and Neuhoff, 2010
10 Literature Twomey and Neuhoff, 2010 Examines average market prices with and without wind
11 Literature Twomey and Neuhoff, 2010 Examines average market prices with and without wind Wind faces lower average price
12 Literature Twomey and Neuhoff, 2010 Examines average market prices with and without wind Wind faces lower average price Forward contracting does not change this
13 Literature Twomey and Neuhoff, 2010 Examines average market prices with and without wind Wind faces lower average price Forward contracting does not change this Not included: endogenous wind trading, risk aversion, stochasticity
14 Literature Morales et al., 2010
15 Literature Morales et al., 2010 Optimises wind trading day ahead, intraday, balancing
16 Literature Morales et al., 2010 Optimises wind trading day ahead, intraday, balancing Stochastic modelling
17 Literature Morales et al., 2010 Optimises wind trading day ahead, intraday, balancing Stochastic modelling Risk aversion is included (CVAR)
18 Literature Morales et al., 2010 Optimises wind trading day ahead, intraday, balancing Stochastic modelling Risk aversion is included (CVAR) Not included: endogenous prices
19 Literature Baringo and Conejo, 2011
20 Literature Baringo and Conejo, 2011 Optimises wind capacity given market-clearing LMPs
21 Literature Baringo and Conejo, 2011 Optimises wind capacity given market-clearing LMPs Stochastic bilevel model
22 Literature Baringo and Conejo, 2011 Optimises wind capacity given market-clearing LMPs Stochastic bilevel model Not included: wind s trading strategy, risk aversion, balancing market
23 Methodologies Consider wind producer s profit in day ahead and balancing market
24 Methodologies Consider wind producer s profit in day ahead and balancing market Profit determined by market clearing price - bilevel programme
25 Methodologies Consider wind producer s profit in day ahead and balancing market Profit determined by market clearing price - bilevel programme Consider different correlations between wind and demand
26 Day ahead market Linear day ahead price function p DA = D 0 bd (1)
27 Day ahead market p DA = D 0 bd (1) Linear day ahead price function p DA = D 0 b(w DA + Q DA ) (2) In equilibrium, supply equals demand
28 Balancing market p B = ɛ D bd (3) Forecast errors in demand are given by ɛ D, with E[ɛ D ] = 0
29 Balancing market p B = ɛ D bd (3) Forecast errors in demand are given by ɛ D, with E[ɛ D ] = 0 p B = ɛ D b(ɛ w + Q B ) (4) Supply and demand are equal in equilibrium, ɛ w is the forecast error on wind
30 Equilibrium quantities and prices Assuming no operational constraints, P DA = P B
31 Equilibrium quantities and prices Assuming no operational constraints, P DA = P B D 0 b(w DA + Q DA ) = ɛ D b(ɛ w + Q B ) (5)
32 Equilibrium quantities and prices Assuming no operational constraints, P DA = P B D 0 b(w DA + Q DA ) = ɛ D b(ɛ w + Q B ) (5) Assume a quadratic cost function for the marginal generator C(Q) = αq + β 2 Q2
33 Equilibrium quantities and prices Assuming no operational constraints, P DA = P B D 0 b(w DA + Q DA ) = ɛ D b(ɛ w + Q B ) (5) Assume a quadratic cost function for the marginal generator C(Q) = αq + β 2 Q2 pda = αb + β(d 0 bw DA ), QDA b + β = D 0 bw DA α b + β pb = αb + β(d 1 bɛ w ), ɛ Q b + β = D 1 bɛ W α b + β (6) (7)
34 Wind in balancing market Wind s balancing market exposure π B = ɛ w (α + β (ɛ Q )) (8)
35 Wind in balancing market Wind s balancing market exposure π B = ɛ w (α + β (ɛ Q )) (8) Increasing in ɛ Q and Covɛ w, ɛ Q E[π B ] = α 0 + β Cov(ɛ w, ɛ Q ) (9)
36 Wind in balancing market Wind s balancing market exposure π B = ɛ w (α + β (ɛ Q )) (8) Increasing in ɛ Q and Covɛ w, ɛ Q Variance of exposure E[π B ] = α 0 + β Cov(ɛ w, ɛ Q ) (9) Var(π B ) = α 2 σ 2 w + β 2 [Cov(ɛ 2 w, ɛ 2 Q ) + σ2 w σ 2 Q Cov(ɛ w, ɛ Q ) 2 ] + Cov(ɛ 2 w, ɛ Q ) Cov(ɛ w, Cov(ɛ w, ɛ Q )) (10)
37 Wind in balancing market Variance of wind s exposure is a function of the covariance of wind and demand
38 Wind in balancing market Variance of wind s exposure is a function of the covariance of wind and demand Var(π w ) Cov(ɛ w, ɛ Q ) = 2β2 (11)
39 Wind in balancing market Variance of wind s exposure is a function of the covariance of wind and demand Var(π w ) Cov(ɛ w, ɛ Q ) = 2β2 (11) This link has not been studied in the literature so far
40 What s next? Solve for wind s optimal trading strategy day ahead and in balancing market
41 What s next? Solve for wind s optimal trading strategy day ahead and in balancing market Solve subject to market-clearing prices - bilevel problem
42 What s next? Solve for wind s optimal trading strategy day ahead and in balancing market Solve subject to market-clearing prices - bilevel problem Stochasticity and risk-aversion are key
43 What s next? Solve for wind s optimal trading strategy day ahead and in balancing market Solve subject to market-clearing prices - bilevel problem Stochasticity and risk-aversion are key Intraday market can be included
44 What s next? Solve for wind s optimal trading strategy day ahead and in balancing market Solve subject to market-clearing prices - bilevel problem Stochasticity and risk-aversion are key Intraday market can be included Forward contracting and market power can be considered
45 What s next? Solve for wind s optimal trading strategy day ahead and in balancing market Solve subject to market-clearing prices - bilevel problem Stochasticity and risk-aversion are key Intraday market can be included Forward contracting and market power can be considered Any other suggestions?
46 Questions? Thank lynch
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