Wind in balancing markets: the role of net demand

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1 Wind in balancing markets: the role of net demand Muireann Á. Lynch Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin October 29, 2015

2 Presentation structure Introduction and motivation Literature review Possible methodologies Toy model Future directions

3 Health warning! This is very much work in progress!

4 Background and motivation Correlation between RES and demand Reduce mean and variance of spot prices

5 Background and motivation Correlation between RES and demand Reduce mean and variance of spot prices High RES at times of high prices?

6 Background and motivation Correlation between RES and demand Reduce mean and variance of spot prices High RES at times of high prices? Higher than usual exposure to balancing market?

7 Background and motivation Figure: Forecast error against wind output

8 Background and motivation Correlation between RES and demand Reduce mean and variance of spot prices High RES at times of high prices? Higher than usual exposure to balancing market? Optimal correlation for wind producers and consumers?

9 Literature Twomey and Neuhoff, 2010

10 Literature Twomey and Neuhoff, 2010 Examines average market prices with and without wind

11 Literature Twomey and Neuhoff, 2010 Examines average market prices with and without wind Wind faces lower average price

12 Literature Twomey and Neuhoff, 2010 Examines average market prices with and without wind Wind faces lower average price Forward contracting does not change this

13 Literature Twomey and Neuhoff, 2010 Examines average market prices with and without wind Wind faces lower average price Forward contracting does not change this Not included: endogenous wind trading, risk aversion, stochasticity

14 Literature Morales et al., 2010

15 Literature Morales et al., 2010 Optimises wind trading day ahead, intraday, balancing

16 Literature Morales et al., 2010 Optimises wind trading day ahead, intraday, balancing Stochastic modelling

17 Literature Morales et al., 2010 Optimises wind trading day ahead, intraday, balancing Stochastic modelling Risk aversion is included (CVAR)

18 Literature Morales et al., 2010 Optimises wind trading day ahead, intraday, balancing Stochastic modelling Risk aversion is included (CVAR) Not included: endogenous prices

19 Literature Baringo and Conejo, 2011

20 Literature Baringo and Conejo, 2011 Optimises wind capacity given market-clearing LMPs

21 Literature Baringo and Conejo, 2011 Optimises wind capacity given market-clearing LMPs Stochastic bilevel model

22 Literature Baringo and Conejo, 2011 Optimises wind capacity given market-clearing LMPs Stochastic bilevel model Not included: wind s trading strategy, risk aversion, balancing market

23 Methodologies Consider wind producer s profit in day ahead and balancing market

24 Methodologies Consider wind producer s profit in day ahead and balancing market Profit determined by market clearing price - bilevel programme

25 Methodologies Consider wind producer s profit in day ahead and balancing market Profit determined by market clearing price - bilevel programme Consider different correlations between wind and demand

26 Day ahead market Linear day ahead price function p DA = D 0 bd (1)

27 Day ahead market p DA = D 0 bd (1) Linear day ahead price function p DA = D 0 b(w DA + Q DA ) (2) In equilibrium, supply equals demand

28 Balancing market p B = ɛ D bd (3) Forecast errors in demand are given by ɛ D, with E[ɛ D ] = 0

29 Balancing market p B = ɛ D bd (3) Forecast errors in demand are given by ɛ D, with E[ɛ D ] = 0 p B = ɛ D b(ɛ w + Q B ) (4) Supply and demand are equal in equilibrium, ɛ w is the forecast error on wind

30 Equilibrium quantities and prices Assuming no operational constraints, P DA = P B

31 Equilibrium quantities and prices Assuming no operational constraints, P DA = P B D 0 b(w DA + Q DA ) = ɛ D b(ɛ w + Q B ) (5)

32 Equilibrium quantities and prices Assuming no operational constraints, P DA = P B D 0 b(w DA + Q DA ) = ɛ D b(ɛ w + Q B ) (5) Assume a quadratic cost function for the marginal generator C(Q) = αq + β 2 Q2

33 Equilibrium quantities and prices Assuming no operational constraints, P DA = P B D 0 b(w DA + Q DA ) = ɛ D b(ɛ w + Q B ) (5) Assume a quadratic cost function for the marginal generator C(Q) = αq + β 2 Q2 pda = αb + β(d 0 bw DA ), QDA b + β = D 0 bw DA α b + β pb = αb + β(d 1 bɛ w ), ɛ Q b + β = D 1 bɛ W α b + β (6) (7)

34 Wind in balancing market Wind s balancing market exposure π B = ɛ w (α + β (ɛ Q )) (8)

35 Wind in balancing market Wind s balancing market exposure π B = ɛ w (α + β (ɛ Q )) (8) Increasing in ɛ Q and Covɛ w, ɛ Q E[π B ] = α 0 + β Cov(ɛ w, ɛ Q ) (9)

36 Wind in balancing market Wind s balancing market exposure π B = ɛ w (α + β (ɛ Q )) (8) Increasing in ɛ Q and Covɛ w, ɛ Q Variance of exposure E[π B ] = α 0 + β Cov(ɛ w, ɛ Q ) (9) Var(π B ) = α 2 σ 2 w + β 2 [Cov(ɛ 2 w, ɛ 2 Q ) + σ2 w σ 2 Q Cov(ɛ w, ɛ Q ) 2 ] + Cov(ɛ 2 w, ɛ Q ) Cov(ɛ w, Cov(ɛ w, ɛ Q )) (10)

37 Wind in balancing market Variance of wind s exposure is a function of the covariance of wind and demand

38 Wind in balancing market Variance of wind s exposure is a function of the covariance of wind and demand Var(π w ) Cov(ɛ w, ɛ Q ) = 2β2 (11)

39 Wind in balancing market Variance of wind s exposure is a function of the covariance of wind and demand Var(π w ) Cov(ɛ w, ɛ Q ) = 2β2 (11) This link has not been studied in the literature so far

40 What s next? Solve for wind s optimal trading strategy day ahead and in balancing market

41 What s next? Solve for wind s optimal trading strategy day ahead and in balancing market Solve subject to market-clearing prices - bilevel problem

42 What s next? Solve for wind s optimal trading strategy day ahead and in balancing market Solve subject to market-clearing prices - bilevel problem Stochasticity and risk-aversion are key

43 What s next? Solve for wind s optimal trading strategy day ahead and in balancing market Solve subject to market-clearing prices - bilevel problem Stochasticity and risk-aversion are key Intraday market can be included

44 What s next? Solve for wind s optimal trading strategy day ahead and in balancing market Solve subject to market-clearing prices - bilevel problem Stochasticity and risk-aversion are key Intraday market can be included Forward contracting and market power can be considered

45 What s next? Solve for wind s optimal trading strategy day ahead and in balancing market Solve subject to market-clearing prices - bilevel problem Stochasticity and risk-aversion are key Intraday market can be included Forward contracting and market power can be considered Any other suggestions?

46 Questions? Thank lynch

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