Statistical Business Register: Objectives, Concepts and Methods

Transcription

1 STS 026: Design Development and Implementation of Statistical Business Registers in Developing Countries Statistical Business Register: Objectives, Concepts and Methods Michael Colledge, Consultant

2 2 Aims and Structure of Session and this Paper Aims of Session 1. To summarise SBR objectives, concepts and methods 2. To provide an example of a functioning SBR 3. To provide an example of redesigning an SBR 4. To provide an example of a generic SBR system Aim of this Paper To set the scene for the following papers by summarising general SBR objectives concepts,and methods based on AfDB SBR Guidelines consistent with forthcoming International SBR Guidelines

3 3 Content of Paper SBR objectives and concepts Reasons for an SBR Treatment of large enterprises statistical units model Measurement of informal sector SBR construction, maintenance and outputs Use of administrative and statistical data Creation of common frame and survey frames SBR systems Need for generic SBR system

4 4 Why have an SBR? Economic survey programme typically comprises several surveys and sources They need to be harmonized conceptually and operationally Conceptual harmonizing mechanisms System of National Accounts 2008 provides conceptual framework ISIC Rev 4 provides standard industrial classification ILO framework for defining informal sector Operational harmonizing mechanism SBR provides common set of statistical units for use by surveys in constructing their survey frames

5 5 Other benefits of an SBR? Increased efficiency More efficient to use SBR than for surveys to maintain their own frames Increased functionality SBR can directly produce statistics SBR enables measurement of reporting burden on enterprises SBR facilitates linkage of data from different sources

6 6 Objectives of SBR Providing survey frames within statistical office - the primary use for other organizations Producing register based statistics point in time unit counts demographics births, deaths, mergers, changes over time Monitoring respondents indicating which units are being contacted by which surveys enabling measurement of respondent burden Enabling response burden to be spread equitably by control of overlap of units receiving survey questionnaires Facilitating linkages between datasets

7 7 Conceptual Framework System of National Accounts 2008 (2008 SNA) institutional units legal/social entities and persons/groups of persons economic sectors non-financial corporations, financial corporations, general government, households, non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH) economic production goods and services that can be sold or transferred, e.g, excluding household services enterprise corporation, non-profit institution, unincorporated enterprise, quasi corporation International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC Rev 4) ILO framework for defining informal sector

8 8 Why do large enterprises need special treatment? Some enterprises may have multiple types of economic activity in multiple locations Need to subdivide enterprises into smaller units Some enterprises may be inter-related and operate as a conglomerate Some enterprises are holding companies with no economic production Need to group enterprises by ownership and control A statistical units model includes the various types of statistical units needed to deal with these situations obtained by subdividing or combining enterprises

9 9 What is the best choice of statistical units model? There is no international agreement 2008 SNA is not definitive There are several options

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11 11 European Statistical Units Model

12 12 Statistical Units Recommended in AfDB SBR Guidelines

13 13 Informal Sector Every enterprise can be categorised as Formal Informal Producing only for own final consumption (household non-market enterprise) Informal sector very important in developing countries source of economic growth International Labour Organisation (ILO) defines informal as: smaller than certain number of employees and/or not registered under any specified regulations This is a framework for a definition, not a definition

14 14 This raises two inter-related questions? What should the definition of informal be? What should the coverage of the SBR be?

15 15 Principle A small well maintained SBR is better than a large, poorly maintained SBR It is a big mistake to try to make the SBR as big as possible, for example by introducing businesses found during the course of a field enumeration, or by using administrative sources that cannot readily be unduplicated

16 16 Recommended Coverage of SBR Enterprises that are registered with selected set of administrative sources that can easily be combined Ideally, the selected sources should include all non-financial corporations financial corporations general government units not for profit institutions registered household enterprises Define the informal sector to be all household enterprises that are non-registered with these sources and hence not included in the SBR. With this definition coverage of the SBR coincides with the formal sector SBR is not designed to cover informal sector

17 17 Coverage of Informal Sector What if the informal sector is significant? It should be covered by a two phase household-enterprise survey First phase: (multistage) household survey asking if household has a business (i.e., an enterprise) Second phase: sample survey of enterprises thus found

18 18 SBR Construction and Maintenance Basic construction methods Statistical sources: economic census involving area enumeration economic surveys Administrative sources Administrative sources Taxation data - income tax, VAT, pay as you earn tax deduction Company registration data Registration of employing enterprises with social security scheme Lists of manufacturers, hospitals, schools maintained by government departments Other external sources use only for content not coverage Business associations Yellow pages

19 19 SBR Construction and Maintenance (continued) Statistical sources Feedback from economic surveys based on SBR Specific surveys and investigations conducted by SBR Unit Profiling for large enterprises SBR surveys - for smaller enterprises other investigations

20 20 So what are the basic SBR inputs and outputs?

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22 22 SBR Outputs Providing survey frames within statistical office, for other organizations in NSS Enabling response burden to be spread equitably by control of overlap of units receiving survey questionnaires Monitoring respondents indicating which units are being contacted by which surveys enabling measurement of respondent burden Production of register based statistics point in time unit counts demographics births, deaths, mergers, changes over time

23 Administrative processes Tax registration data VAT transaction data Income tax data Employer/PAYE transaction data Company registration data Unincorporated business reg data Business accounts and records NSO direct data collections Business surveys SBR profiling SBR improvement survey SBR ad hoc investigation Automated* SBR update from admin data sources SBR Database Automated* SBR update using directly collected data Summarise enterprise reporting status Create Snapshot & Common Frame Compile and publish business statistics Compile total respondent burden *With manual verification option Produce survey frames Produce survey samples Generate SBR quality & performance reports Produce survey control files and master tables

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25 25 Organizational Units Administrative accounts Statistical Units Income tax unit* VAT account unit* Legal Entity Employer account unit* Enterprise Sampling Unit Observation Unit Business conducted at/from a single location Business Registration* Licence Application* Survey Frame Survey Control File *Has account only if satisfies appropriate criteria Administrative Data Processing Sampling Survey Simplified SBR Units Model applies to most units

26 26 Major problem in SBR (re)development Large numbers of new enterprises and changes to enterprises Need for automated processing of administrative sources Need for well developed SBR system but Lack of skilled ICT resources Development and use of generic SBR system

27 Overview of SBR System Complex Each survey cycle by Survey Unit Survey Master Table Survey Master Table (Previous Cycle) Annually by Survey Unit or BR Unit 1.6 Conduct Survey, Update Frame Data Survey frame, sample, control file 1.5 Create Survey Frame, Sample Control File Survey specific operations Stat Unit Potential Updates 1.2 Update Stat Units Tables SBR Stat Units Tables 1.4 Create Common Frame and Statistics Common Enterprise Frame SBR Operations 1.3 Manage and Conduct Profiling SBR Admin Units Tables SBR Based Statistics SBR Based Statistics Continuous updating throughout year by BR Unit 1.1 Process Admin Data Admin Data Files Quarterly or annually productio n by BR Unit

28 28 Thank you for your attention