This statistical appendix presents data

Transcription

1 STATISTICAL APPENDIX This statistical appendix presents data on financial developments in key financial centers and emerging markets. It is designed to complement the analysis in the text by providing additional data that describe key aspects of financial market developments. These data are derived from a number of sources external to the IMF, including banks, commercial data providers, and official sources, and are presented for information purposes only; the IMF does not, however, guarantee the accuracy of the data from external sources. Presenting financial market data in one location and in a fixed set of tables and charts, in this and future issues of the GFSR, is intended to give the reader an overview of developments in global financial markets. Unless otherwise noted, the statistical appendix reflects information available up to July 22, 25. Mirroring the structure of the chapters of the report, the appendix presents data separately for key financial centers and emerging market countries. Specifically, it is organized into three sections: Figures 1 14 and Tables 1 9 contain information on market developments in key financial centers. This includes data on global capital flows, and on markets for foreign exchange, bonds, equities, and derivatives, as well as sectoral balance sheet data for the United States, Japan, and Europe. Figures 15 and 16, and Tables 1 21 present information on financial developments in emerging markets, including data on equity, foreign exchange, and bond markets, as well as data on emerging market financing flows. Tables report key financial soundness indicators for selected countries, including bank profitability, asset quality, and capital adequacy. 153

2 STATISTICAL APPENDIX List of Tables and Figures Key Financial Centers Figures 1. Major Net Exporters and Importers of Capital in Exchange Rates: Selected Major Industrial Countries United States: Yields on Corporate and Treasury Bonds Selected Spreads Nonfinancial Corporate Credit Spreads Equity Markets: Price Indexes Implied and Historical Volatility in Equity Markets Historical Volatility of Government Bond Yields and Bond Returns for Selected Countries Twelve-Month Forward Price/Earnings Ratios Flows into U.S.-Based Equity Funds United States: Corporate Bond Market Europe: Corporate Bond Market United States: Commercial Paper Market United States: Asset-Backed Securities 167 Tables 1. Global Capital Flows: Inflows and Outflows Global Capital Flows: Amounts Outstanding and Net Issues of International Debt Securities by Currency of Issue and Announced International Syndicated Credit Facilities by Nationality of Borrower Selected Indicators on the Size of the Capital Markets, Global Over-the-Counter Derivatives Markets: Notional Amounts and Gross Market Values of Outstanding Contracts Global Over-the-Counter Derivatives Markets: Notional Amounts and Gross Market Values of Outstanding Contracts by Counterparty, Remaining Maturity, and Currency Exchange-Traded Derivative Financial Instruments: Notional Principal Amounts Outstanding and Annual Turnover United States: Sectoral Balance Sheets Japan: Sectoral Balance Sheets Europe: Sectoral Balance Sheets 178 Emerging Markets Figures 15. Emerging Market Volatility Measures Emerging Market Debt Cross-Correlation Measures 18 Tables 1. Equity Market Indices Foreign Exchange Rates Emerging Market Bond Index: EMBI Global Total Returns Index Emerging Market Bond Index: EMBI Global Yield Spreads Emerging Market External Financing: Total Bonds, Equities, and Loans Emerging Market External Financing: Bond Issuance Emerging Market External Financing: Equity Issuance Emerging Market External Financing: Loan Syndication Equity Valuation Measures: Dividend-Yield Ratios Equity Valuation Measures: Price-to-Book Ratios Equity Valuation Measures: Price-Earnings Ratios United States: Mutual Fund Flows 199 Financial Soundness Indicators 22. Bank Regulatory Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets Bank Capital to Assets Bank Nonperforming Loans to Total Loans Bank Provisions to Nonperforming Loans Bank Return on Assets Bank Return on Equity

3 KEY FINANCIAL CENTERS Figure 1. Major Net Exporters and Importers of Capital in 24 Countries That Export Capital 1 Other countries % Japan 19.7% Taiwan Province of China 2.1% Netherlands 2.3% Germany 11.9% Canada 2.5% Korea 3.2% Singapore 3.2% Sweden 3.3% China 7.9% Norway 3.9% Switzerland 4.9% Saudi Arabia 5.9% Russia 6.9% Countries That Import Capital 3 Other countries 4 11.% United States 7.1% Portugal 1.3% Italy 1.6% Turkey 1.6% Australia 4.2% United Kingdom 4.4% Spain 5.8% Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook database as of August 3, As measured by countries current account surplus (assuming errors and omissions are part of the capital and financial accounts). 2 Other countries include all countries with shares of total surplus less than 2.1 percent. 3 As measured by countries current account deficit (assuming errors and omissions are part of the capital and financial accounts). 4 Other countries include all countries with shares of total deficit less than 1.3 percent. 155

4 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Figure 2. Exchange Rates: Selected Major Industrial Countries Bilateral exchange rate (left scale) 1 Nominal effective exchange rate (right scale) 2 United States Japan Euro Area United Kingdom Switzerland Sources: Bloomberg L.P.; and the IMF Competitive Indicators System. Note: In each panel, the effective and bilateral exchange rates are scaled so that an upward movement implies an appreciation of the respective local currency. 1 Local currency units per U.S. dollar except for the euro area and the United Kingdom, for which data are shown as U.S. dollars per local currency = 1; constructed using trade weights. 156

5 KEY FINANCIAL CENTERS Figure 3. United States: Yields on Corporate and Treasury Bonds (Weekly data) Yields (In percent) 2 Baa Merrill Lynch high-yield bond index year treasury bond Aaa Yield Differentials with 1-Year U.S. Treasury Bond (In basis points) Merrill Lynch high-yield bond index Baa 4 2 Aaa Sources: Bloomberg L.P.; and Merrill Lynch. 157

6 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Figure 4. Selected Spreads (In basis points) 12 1 Corporate Spreads Merrill Lynch high-yield bond index 6 4 Baa Repo Spread2 Commercial Paper Spread 3 Aaa TED Spread 4 Swap Spreads United States 12 1 Euro area Japan Sources: Bloomberg L.P.; and Merrill Lynch. 1 Spreads over 1-year U.S. treasury bond; weekly data. 2 Spread between yields on three-month U.S. treasury repo and on three-month U.S. treasury bill. 3 Spread between yields on 9-day investment-grade commercial paper and on three-month U.S. treasury bill. 4 Spread between three-month U.S. dollar LIBOR and yield on three-month U.S. treasury bill. 5 Spread over 1-year government bond. 158

7 KEY FINANCIAL CENTERS Figure 5. Nonfinancial Corporate Credit Spreads (In basis points) AA rated 12 United States Euro area 4 Japan A rated United States Euro area 75 5 Japan BBB rated United States Euro area 15 1 Japan Source: Merrill Lynch. 159

8 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Figure 6. Equity Markets: Price Indexes (January 1, 199 = 1; weekly data) United States Nasdaq S&P Wilshire Europe Europe (FTSE Eurotop 3) Germany (DAX) United Kingdom (FTSE All-Share) Japan Topix 6 4 Nikkei Source: Datastream. 16

9 KEY FINANCIAL CENTERS Figure 7. Implied and Historical Volatility in Equity Markets Implied volatility Historical volatility 7 6 S&P 5 Nikkei VIX DAX FTSE Sources: Bloomberg L.P.; and IMF staff estimates. Note: Implied volatility is a measure of the equity price variability implied by the market prices of call options on equity futures. Historical volatility is calculated as a rolling 1-day annualized standard deviation of equity price changes. Volatilities are expressed in percent rate of change. 1 VIX is the Chicago Board Options Exchange volatility index. This index is calculated by taking a weighted average of implied volatility for the eight S&P 5 calls and puts. 161

10 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Figure 8. Historical Volatility of Government Bond Yields and Bond Returns for Selected Countries 1 35 United States 3 12 Japan Yield volatility (left scale) Yield volatility (left scale) Return volatility (right scale) 5 2 Return volatility (right scale) Germany Yield volatility (left scale) United Kingdom Yield volatility (left scale) Return volatility (right scale) Return volatility (right scale) 1 5 Sources: Bloomberg L.P.; and Datastream. 1 Volatility calculated as a rolling 1-day annualized standard deviation of changes in yield and returns on 1-year government bonds. Returns are based on 1-plus year government bond indexes. 162

11 KEY FINANCIAL CENTERS Figure 9. Twelve-Month Forward Price/Earnings Ratios Japan (right scale) Germany (left scale) United States (left scale) Source: I/B/E/S. Figure 1. Flows into U.S.-Based Equity Funds S&P 5 (right scale) Net flows into U.S.-based equity funds 1 (left scale) Flows into U.S.-based global and aggressive equity funds 1 (left scale) Sources: AMG Data Services; Investment Company Institute; and Datastream. 1 In billions of U.S. dollars. 163

12 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Figure 11. United States: Corporate Bond Market 5 Investment Grade 3. 4 Aaa Moody s spread 1 (in percent; right scale) Issuance (in billions of U.S. dollars; left scale) High-Yield Issuance (in billions of U.S. dollars; left scale) Merrill Lynch high-yield spread 1 (in percent; right scale) Sources: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; and Bloomberg L.P. 1 Spread against yield on 1-year U.S. government bonds. 164

13 KEY FINANCIAL CENTERS Figure 12. Europe: Corporate Bond Market 1 High-Yield Spread 2 (In basis points) European Corporate Bond Issuance (In billions of U.S. dollars) Sources: Bondware; and Datastream. 1 Nonfinancial corporate bonds. 2 Spread between yields on a Merrill Lynch High-Yield European Issuers Index bond and a 1-year German government benchmark bond. 165

14 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Figure 13. United States: Commercial Paper Market 1 Discount Rate Spread 2 (In basis points; daily data) Amount Outstanding (In billions of U.S. dollars; monthly data) Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 1 Nonfinancial commercial paper. 2 Difference between 3-day A2/P2 and AA commercial paper. 166

15 KEY FINANCIAL CENTERS Figure 14. United States: Asset-Backed Securities ABS Spread 1 (In basis points) Total Amount Outstanding (In billions of U.S. dollars) Automobile Credit card Home equity Manufactured housing CBO/CDO 2 Other :Q1 Sources: Merrill Lynch; Datastream; and the Bond Market Association. 1 Merrill Lynch AAA Asset-Backed Master Index (fixed rate) option-adjusted spread. 2 Collateralized bond/debt obligations. 167

16 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Table 1. Global Capital Flows: Inflows and Outflows 1 (In billions of U.S. dollars) Inflows United States Direct investment Portfolio investment Other investment Reserve assets n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Total capital flows , ,433.2 Canada Direct investment Portfolio investment Other investment Reserve assets n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Total capital flows Japan Direct investment Portfolio investment Other investment Reserve assets n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Total capital flows United Kingdom Direct investment Portfolio investment Other investment Reserve assets n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Total capital flows Euro area Direct investment Portfolio investment Other investment Reserve assets n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Total capital flows , Emerging Markets and Developing Countries 2 Direct investment Portfolio investment Other investment Reserve assets n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Total capital flows Sources: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook database as of August 3, 25, and International Financial Statistics. 1 The total net capital flows are the sum of direct investment, portfolio investment, other investment flows, and reserve assets. Other investment includes bank loans and deposits. 2 This aggregate comprises the group of Other Emerging Market and Developing Countries defined in the World Economic Outlook, together with Hong Kong SAR, Israel, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan Province of China. 168

17 KEY FINANCIAL CENTERS Outflows

18 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Table 2. Global Capital Flows: Amounts Outstanding and Net Issues of International Debt Securities by Currency of Issue and Announced International Syndicated Credit Facilities by Nationality of Borrower (In billions of U.S. dollars) Q1 Amounts outstanding of international debt securities by currency of issue U.S. dollar 1, , , ,95. 3,67.3 4,42.6 4, , ,961.8 Japanese yen Pound sterling ,6.7 Canadian dollar Swedish krona Swiss franc Euro , ,45.8 1, , ,28.6 4,83.3 6, ,228.3 Other Total 3,28.9 4,51.4 4,993. 5, ,11.3 8, , , ,38.1 Net issues of international debt securities by currency of issue U.S. dollar Japanese yen Pound sterling Canadian dollar Swedish krona Swiss franc Euro Other Total ,11.8 1,81.8 1, ,6. 1, , Announced international syndicated credit facilities by nationality of borrower All countries 1, ,25.2 1,45. 1, , , , Industrial countries , , ,198. 1,13. 1, Of which: United States Japan Germany France Italy United Kingdom Canada Source: Bank for International Settlements. 1 For , the euro includes euro area currencies. 17

19 KEY FINANCIAL CENTERS Table 3. Selected Indicators on the Size of the Capital Markets, 24 (In billions of U.S. dollars unless noted otherwise) Total Stock Bonds, Bonds, Equities, Reserves Market Debt Securities Bank Equities, and and Bank Assets 3 GDP Minus Gold 1 Capitalization Public Private Total Assets 2 Bank Assets 3 (in percent of GDP) World 4,89.5 3, , , , , , , European Union 12, ,27.3 7, , , , , Euro area 9, ,873. 6,272. 9, , , , North America 12, ,51. 6, , , , , Canada , ,55.3 1, , United States 11, , , ,1.8 22,54.3 7, , Japan 4, , ,84. 2, , , , Memorandum items: EU countries Austria Belgium , , Denmark , Finland France 2, , , , ,65.6 4, , Germany 2, , , ,178. 4, , , Greece Ireland , Italy 1, , ,36.9 3,54.5 2,35.9 6, Luxembourg ,334.5 Netherlands ,68.3 1, ,15.4 3, Portugal Spain 1, , , , Sweden , United Kingdom 2, , ,766. 2, , , Emerging market countries 4 9, , ,143. 2, , , , , Of which: Asia 4, , , ,9.1 1,98.3 5, , Latin America 2, , Middle East Africa Europe 1, , Sources: World Federation of Exchanges; Bank for International Settlements; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics (IFS) and World Economic Outlook database as of August 3, 25; and 23 Bureau van Dijk Electronic Publishing-Bankscope. 1 Data are from the IFS. 2 Assets of commercial banks; data refer to Sum of the stock market capitalization, debt securities, and bank assets. 4 This aggregate comprises the group of Other Emerging Market and Developing Countries defined in the World Economic Outlook, together with Hong Kong SAR, Israel, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan Province of China. 171

20 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Table 4. Global Over-the-Counter Derivatives Markets: Notional Amounts and Gross Market Values of Outstanding Contracts 1 (In billions of U.S. dollars) Notional Amounts Gross Market Values End-Dec. End-June End-Dec. End-June End-Dec. End-Dec. End-June End-Dec. End-June End-Dec Total 141, , ,167 22,58 248,288 6,36 7,896 6,987 6,395 9,133 Foreign exchange 18,448 22,71 24,475 26,997 29, , ,562 Outright forwards and forex swaps 1,719 12,332 12,387 13,926 15, Currency swaps 4,53 5,159 6,371 7,33 8, Options 3,226 4,58 5,717 6,38 6, Interest rate 2 11, , , , ,34 4,266 5,459 4,328 3,951 5,36 Forward rate agreements 8,792 1,271 1,769 13,144 12, Swaps 79,12 94, ,29 127,57 147,366 3,864 5,4 3,918 3,562 4,793 Options 13,746 16,946 2,12 23,912 27, Equity-linked 2,39 2,799 3,787 4,521 4, Forwards and swaps Options 1,944 2,311 3,186 3,829 3, Commodity ,4 1,46 1,27 1, Gold Other , , Forwards and swaps Options Other 18,328 21,949 25,58 22,644 25, , ,116 1,594 Memorandum items: Gross credit exposure 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,511 1,75 1,969 1,478 2,76 Exchange-traded derivatives 18,448 22,71 24,475 26,997 29, Source: Bank for International Settlements. 1 All figures are adjusted for double-counting. Notional amounts outstanding have been adjusted by halving positions vis-à-vis other reporting dealers. Gross market values have been calculated as the sum of the total gross positive market value of contracts and the absolute value of the gross negative market value of contracts with nonreporting counterparties. 2 Single-currency contracts only. 3 Adjustments for double-counting are estimated. 4 Gross market values after taking into account legally enforceable bilateral netting agreements. 172

21 KEY FINANCIAL CENTERS Table 5. Global Over-the-Counter Derivatives Markets: Notional Amounts and Gross Market Values of Outstanding Contracts by Counterparty, Remaining Maturity, and Currency 1 (In billions of U.S. dollars) Notional Amounts Gross Market Values End-Dec. End-June End-Dec. End-June End-Dec. End-Dec. End-June End-Dec. End-June End-Dec Total 141, , ,167 22,58 248,288 6,36 7,896 6,987 6,395 9,133 Foreign exchange 18,448 22,71 24,475 26,997 29, , ,562 By counterparty With other reporting dealers 6,842 7,954 8,66 1,796 11, With other financial institutions 7,597 8,948 9,45 1,113 11, With nonfinancial customers 4,9 5,168 6,365 6,88 6, By remaining maturity Up to one year 2 14,522 17,543 18,84 21,252 23, One to five years 2 2,719 3,128 3,91 3,912 4, Over five years 2 1,28 1,399 1,734 1,834 2, By major currency U.S. dollar 3 16,5 19,41 21,429 24,551 25, , ,441 Euro 3 7,794 9,879 1,145 1,312 11, Japanese yen 3 4,791 4,97 5,5 6,516 7, Pound sterling 3 2,462 3,93 4,286 4,614 4, Other 3 5,349 6,862 7,59 8,1 9, Interest rate 4 11, , , , ,34 4,266 5,459 4,328 3,951 5,36 By counterparty With other reporting dealers 46,722 53,622 63,579 72,55 82,19 1,848 2,266 1,872 1,66 2,146 With other financial institutions 43,67 53,133 57,564 7,219 86,256 1,845 2,482 1,768 1,77 2,655 With nonfinancial customers 11,328 15,44 2,847 21,857 18, By remaining maturity Up to one year 2 36,938 44,927 46,474 57,157 62, One to five years 2 4,137 46,646 58,914 66,93 76, Over five years 2 24,583 3,226 36,63 41,376 48, By major currency U.S. dollar 34,399 4,11 46,178 57,827 59,724 1,917 2,286 1,734 1,464 1,58 Euro 38,429 5, 55,793 63,6 75,443 1,499 2,178 1,73 1,774 2,92 Japanese yen 14,65 15,27 19,526 21,13 23, Pound sterling 7,442 8,322 9,884 11,867 15, Other 6,738 8,97 1,61 1,823 13, Equity-linked 2,39 2,799 3,787 4,521 4, Commodity ,4 1,46 1,27 1, Other 18,328 21,949 25,58 22,644 25, , ,116 1,594 Source: Bank for International Settlements. 1 All figures are adjusted for double-counting. Notional amounts outstanding have been adjusted by halving positions vis-à-vis other reporting dealers. Gross market values have been calculated as the sum of the total gross positive market value of contracts and the absolute value of the gross negative market value of contracts with nonreporting counterparties. 2 Residual maturity. 3 Counting both currency sides of each foreign exchange transaction means that the currency breakdown sums to twice the aggregate. 4 Single-currency contracts only. 5 Adjustments for double-counting are estimated. 173

22 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Table 6. Exchange-Traded Derivative Financial Instruments: Notional Principal Amounts Outstanding and Annual Turnover (In billions of U.S. dollars) Notional principal amounts outstanding Interest rate futures ,21. 1, , , ,96.4 5,87.6 5,876.2 Interest rate options ,69.6 1, , , ,741.8 Currency futures Currency options Stock market index futures Stock market index options Total 1,34.1 1, , ,521. 4, , , ,282.1 North America , , , , , , ,852.3 Europe , , , ,241.3 Asia-Pacific ,66. 2, ,99.2 Other (In millions of contracts traded) Annual turnover Interest rate futures Interest rate options Currency futures Currency options Stock market index futures Stock market index options Total , ,211.6 North America Europe Asia-Pacific Other Source: Bank for International Settlements. 174

23 KEY FINANCIAL CENTERS Q1 (In billions of U.S. dollars) 5,979. 7, ,31.4 7, ,97.8 9, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,51.2 1, , ,7.8 2,22.3 3,23.9 3, , , , , , , , , , ,46.8 4, , , ,93.6 8, , , , ,69. 35, , , , ,8.5 4, , ,8.4 15, ,37. 2, ,154. 2, , ,41.3 1,66.2 1,38.5 1, , , , (In millions of contracts traded) ,57.5 1,152. 1, , , , , , , ,27.2 1, , , ,82. 4, , , , , , ,74.8 1, , ,73.1 3, ,

24 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Table 7. United States: Sectoral Balance Sheets (In percent) Corporate sector Debt/net worth Short-term debt/total debt Interest burden Household sector Net worth/assets Equity/total assets Equity/financial assets Net worth/disposable personal income Home mortgage debt/total assets Consumer credit/total assets Total debt/financial assets Debt-service burden Banking sector 3 Credit quality Nonperforming loans 4 /total loans Net loan losses/average total loans Loan-loss reserve/total loans Net charge-offs/total loans Capital ratios Total risk-based capital Tier 1 risk-based capital Equity capital/total assets Core capital (leverage ratio) Profitability measures Return on average assets (ROA) Return on average equity (ROE) Net interest margin Efficiency ratio Sources: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Flow of Funds; Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis; Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; and Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. 1 Ratio of net interest payments to pre-tax income. 2 Ratio of debt payments to disposable personal income. 3 FDIC-insured commercial banks. 4 Loans past due 9+ days and nonaccrual. 5 Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income. 176

25 KEY FINANCIAL CENTERS Table 8. Japan: Sectoral Balance Sheets 1 (In percent) FY1998 FY1999 FY2 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24 Corporate sector Debt/shareholders equity (book value) Short-term debt/total debt Interest burden Debt/operating profits 1, , , ,48. 1,37. 1, Memorandum items: Total debt/gdp Household sector Net worth/assets Equity Real estate Net worth/net disposable income Interest burden Memorandum items: Debt/equity Debt/real estate Debt/net disposable income Debt/net worth Equity/net worth Real estate/net worth Total debt/gdp Banking sector Credit quality Nonperforming loans 5 /total loans Capital ratio Stockholders equity/assets Profitability measures Return on equity (ROE) Sources: Ministry of Finance, Financial Statements of Corporations by Industries; Cabinet Office, Economic and Social Research Institute, Annual Report on National Accounts; Japanese Bankers Association, Financial Statements of All Banks; and Financial Services Agency, The Status of Nonperforming Loans. 1 Data are for fiscal years beginning April 1. Data on household nonfinancial assets and disposable income are only available through FY23. 2 Interest payments as a percent of operating profits. 3 Revised due to the change in GDP figures. 4 Interest payments as a percent of disposable income. 5 Nonperforming loans are based on figures reported under the Financial Reconstruction Law. 6 Net income as a percentage of stockholders equity (no adjustment for preferred stocks, etc.). 177

26 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Table 9. Europe: Sectoral Balance Sheets 1 (In percent) Corporate sector Debt/equity Short-term debt/total debt Interest burden Debt/operating profits Memorandum items: Financial assets/equity Liquid assets/short-term debt Household sector Net worth/assets Equity/net worth Equity/net financial assets Interest burden Memorandum items: Nonfinancial assets/net worth Debt/net financial assets Debt/income Banking sector 5 Credit quality Nonperforming loans/total loans Loan-loss reserve/nonperforming loans Loan-loss reserve/total loans Loan-loss provisions/total operating income Capital ratios Equity capital/total assets Capital funds/liabilities Profitability measures Return on assets, or ROA (after tax) Return on equity, or ROE (after tax) Net interest margin Efficiency ratio Sources: 23 Bureau van Dijk Electronic Publishing-Bankscope; and IMF staff estimates. 1 GDP-weighted average for France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, unless otherwise noted. 2 Corporate equity adjusted for changes in asset valuation. 3 Interest payments as a percent of gross operating profits. 4 Interest payments as percent of disposable income. 5 Fifty largest European banks. Data availability may restrict coverage to fewer than 5 banks for specific indicators. 6 Includes the write-off of goodwill in foreign subsidiaries by banks with exposure to Argentina. 7 Cost-to-income ratio. 178

27 EMERGING MARKETS Figure 15. Emerging Market Volatility Measures Emerging Market Equity Volatility (In percent) 25 2 MSCI Emerging Markets index Emerging Market Debt Volatility (In percent) 25 2 EMBI Global index Sources: For Emerging Market Equity Volatility, Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI); and IMF staff estimates. For Emerging Market Debt Volatility, JPMorgan Chase & Co.; and IMF staff estimates. 1 Data utilize the Emerging Markets index in U.S. dollars to calculate 3-day rolling volatilities. 2 Data utilize the EMBI Global total return index in U.S. dollars to calculate 3-day rolling volatilities. 179

28 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Figure 16. Emerging Market Debt Cross-Correlation Measures Average Cross-Correlations, Average Cross-Correlations, Average Regional Cross-Correlations, Average Regional Cross-Correlations, Latin America Latin America Overall Overall Asia Asia Emerging Europe, Middle East, and Africa Emerging Europe, Middle East, and Africa Sources: JPMorgan Chase & Co.; and IMF staff estimates. 1 Thirty-day moving simple average across all pair-wise return correlations of 2 constituents included in the EMBI Global. 2 Simple average of all pair-wise correlations of all markets in a given region with all other bond markets, regardless of region. 18

29 EMERGING MARKETS Table 1. Equity Market Indices All- All- End of Period 24 End of Period End of Period Month Month Time Time Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q High Low High 1 Low 1 World 1, , ,59.2 1,62.5 1,47.9 1, , , ,36.3 1, ,193. 1, Emerging Markets Emerging Markets EM Latin America 1,51.5 1,617. 1, ,62.4 1, , ,1.9 1, ,56.8 1,669. 1, Argentina 1, ,44.5 1, ,73.7 1,163. 1, , , , Brazil 1,9.5 1, , , , , Chile 1,27.3 1, ,96.2 1, Colombia Mexico 2, ,94.3 2, , , , , , , , , ,11.1 2, , Peru Venezuela EM Asia China India Indonesia 1, , ,6.5 1, , , , Korea Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Taiwan Province of China Thailand EM Europe, Middle East, & Africa Czech Republic Egypt Hungary 1, , , , ,36.3 1, Israel Jordan Morocco Poland 1, , , , , , , , , , , , Russia South Africa Turkey 426, ,94 336,724 33, , ,8 163,12 234,49 169,9 319,88 425,8 35, , , EM Sectors Energy Materials Industrials Consumer discretionary Consumer staple Health care Financials Information technology Telecommunications Utilities

30 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Table 1. Equity Market Indices (continued) Period on Period Percent Change All- All- End of period 24 End of period End of period Month Month Time Time Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q High Low High 1 Low 1 World Emerging Markets Emerging Markets EM Latin America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Mexico Peru Venezuela EM Asia China India Indonesia Korea Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Taiwan Province of China Thailand EM Europe, Middle East, & Africa Czech Republic Egypt Hungary Israel Jordan Morocco Poland Russia South Africa Turkey EM Sectors Energy Materials Industrials Consumer discretionary Consumer staple Health care Financials Information technology Telecommunications Utilities

31 EMERGING MARKETS Table 1. Equity Market Indices (concluded) Period on Period Percent Change All- All- End of period 24 End of period End of period Month Month Time Time Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q High Low High 1 Low 1 Developed Markets Australia Austria Belgium Canada 1, , ,62. 1,58.7 1,72.3 1, , ,19.7 1, , Denmark 2, ,51.2 1,99.4 2,11.5 2,92.1 2, , ,6.1 1, , , , , , Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong SAR 7, , , ,349. 6, , ,69.1 6,58. 4,88.4 6, , , ,35.4 1, ,995.5 Ireland Italy Japan , Netherlands New Zealand Norway 1, , ,47.3 1, ,63.2 1,69.3 1,458. 1, ,24.9 1,69.3 1, , Portugal Singapore 1, , ,48.3 1,41.3 1,11.7 1, , ,5.1 1, , Spain Sweden 5, , , , , , ,735. 6, , , , , , , Switzerland , , United Kingdom 1, , , , , ,453. 1, , , , ,453. 1, , United States 1,19.3 1, ,55.9 1,68.9 1,44.5 1, , , ,45.4 1, , Developed Markets Australia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong SAR Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands New Zealand Norway Portugal Singapore Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States Source: Data are provided by Morgan Stanley Capital International. Regional and sectoral compositions conform to Morgan Stanley Capital International definitions. 1 From 199 or initiation of the index. 183