Who is Hungry. Understanding Poverty and Hunger Worldwide. Hunger By Region. 925 Million Hungry

Transcription

1 Who is Hungry Understanding Poverty and Hunger Worldwide Purpose This lesson is designed to help students understand poverty and its correlation to hunger worldwide. Time: 2 hours Grade Level: Secondary Materials Activity 1 Hungry Planet PowerPoint, found at : bit.ly/hungeryplanetpp Computer and Projector to view Hungry Planet PowerPoint Activity 2 Income Bag: resealable bag containing a predetermined amount of dried beans; see Bean Conversion Sheet (page 3) Colored pencils Four different kinds of candy, at least 70 pieces. Dry erase board/markers Family Profile Worksheets Activity 3 Laminated Country Pie Chart cards Overhead markers Computer and projector to view Hunger and Poverty Myths and Facts PowerPoint, located at bit.ly/hungermythfactpp Free Voicethread account setup, voicethread.com Computers Whiteboard-safe tape Background What affects our quality of life? There is an old Byzantine proverb that states, He who has bread has many troubles; he who lacks it has only one. The United States is considered a land of plenty. The United States produces 33% of the world s soybeans, 41.9% of the world s corn, 8.5% of the world s eggs, 9.2% of the world s wheat, and 17% of the world s milk (2009). Tragically, that does not mean there is no hunger in United States or that everyone living in the United States has a great quality of life. Chronic hunger is a problem worldwide. A hungry person as defined by worldhunger.org is anyone who does not get enough food to meet minimum basic nutritional needs, leaving them undernourished. Currently, there are enough calories to feed the world s population, but some people have limited access to food or cannot afford it. There is a direct correlation between hunger and poverty. Food costs vary drastically worldwide, as does income and percent of income spent on food. An estimated 1.7 billion people worldwide live in poverty earning less than one U.S. dollar a day (2010) leaving 925 million people hungry. Agriculture and sustainable agricultural practices partnered with education are widely accepted as the solution to hunger. 62% Hunger By Region 2% 4% 6% 26% Developed Countries Near East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa Asia and the North Pacific 925 Million Hungry As of Source: FAO Utah Agriculture in the Classroom 1 utah.agclassroom.org

2 Vocabulary annual income: yearly monetary payment received for goods or services, work or employment expenditures: expenses; the point of paying out Gross Domestic Product (GDP): the total market values of goods and services produced by workers and capital within a nations borders per capita: for each person, per head, per household percentage: a proportion in relation to a whole (usually the amount per hundred) food stamps: coupons or EBT cards issued by the U.S. government for the purchase of food hunger: hunger is the most commonly used term to describe the social condition of people (or organisms) who frequently experience, or live with the threat of experiencing, the physical sensation of hunger without having the means to get food taxes: a sum of money demanded by a government for its support or for specific facilities or services, levied upon incomes, property, sales, etc.; in the United States two types of taxes are paid income tax (state and federal) and FICA; the amount each worker pays is determined by annual salary FICA: the Federal Insurance Contributions Act is the United States payroll tax imposed by the federal government on both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, the disabled, and children of deceased workers; every American pays 7% of their income for this tax Activity Procedures Activity 1: Hungry Planet 1. Display the Fact Sheet: Food Provides... (attached) and discuss food and nutrients. 2. Show students the Hungry Planet Power Point, adapted from Peter Menzel s 2007 book Hungry Planet (see materials section). Present each slide and ask students to guess where the people are from and how much they think each family spent on food for a week. Advance the slides to reveal the actual amount. Have students examine the photos and compare and contrast what people eat by country, the packaging, and variety of the food, the family structures and living conditions, and other observations in each photograph. Activity 2: Needs and Wants In this activity students will be placed into families and given one month s income and one month s expenditures. Students will pay their monthly expenditures and then spend their disposable income (if they have any) on food. Students will be graphing and learning about how lifestyle choices effect the amount of disposable income an individual can have. 1. Show students the four types of candy you purchased for this activity. Poll students to determine which candy they prefer. Write the candy rank preferences on the board (you will need these rankings to set food candy values later, see page 3). 2. Ask students to individually think about items their family spends money on and make a concept web illustrating those expenditures. (For more information on concept webs, visit: bit.ly/conceptwebs.) 3. Have the students share their expenditures from their concept web. Examples could include housing, food, clothing, cars, entertainment, medical bills, travel, cosmetics, etc. 4. Discuss the nature of wants and needs and how to distinguish a want from a need. Discuss the source of our wants (commercial advertising, socioeconomic status). Ask students to identify the items on their concept web as either wants or needs by circling their wants in blue and their needs in red. 5. Place students into six groups (families) and explain the definition of taxes and why Americans pay taxes (roads, schools, fire departments). 6. Distribute one Family Profile Information sheet (attached) and an Income Bag (see Bean Conversion chart on page 3) to each family. Explain that one bean equals $100. Students will complete and use their Family Profile Information sheet to determine their monthly expenditures. Explain that they need to pay their bills to the bank (you) out of their income bag. Families should discuss the situation on their Family Profile Information sheet as a group. 7. The candy represents the food and the prices that were set during step one by the students (see the Bean Conversion chart on page 3). Each family can now spend their disposable income on food. Have the families go shopping by sending one family member to the food (candy) store and paying the grocer (you) for their expenditures. Utah Agriculture in the Classroom 2 utah.agclassroom.org

3 poverty: the condition of not having the means to afford basic human needs such as clean water, nutrition, health care, education, clothing and shelter infrastructure: the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise disposable income: the amount of income left to an individual after taxes have been paid, available for spending and saving fact: truth; a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred myth: an unproved or false collective belief that is used to justify a social institution latitude: the angular distance between an imaginary line around a heavenly body parallel to its equator and the equator itself longitude: the angular distance between a point on any meridian and the prime meridian at Greenwich, England Bean Conversion Chart Family Income Bags: Family 1: 208 beans, 66 left over Family 2: 43 beans, 4 left over Family 3: 30 beans, 5 left over Family 4: 60 beans, 10 left over Family 5: 18 beans, 0 left over Family 6: 66 beans, 29 left over Food (candy) Values: Lowest ranked: 1 bean Second lowest ranked: 5 beans Second highest ranked: 10 beans Highest ranked: 15 beans 8. After the shopping trip, lead a class discussion about what each family was able to afford. The outcome should illustrate that there may be enough food to feed all the people, but as a result of economic imbalances, some people cannot afford food. Discuss with the students that there was enough food for the entire class, but some families had enough beans (money) to buy more than one piece of candy while other students could not afford any candy. Did some of your students with large sums of disposable income offer to buy food for the students who could not afford it? If this occurred, discuss charities, free and reduced breakfast and lunch programs, and food banks. 9. Discuss the Family Profiles and how lifestyle, number of children in the household, and education may affect the amount of disposable income. Activity 3: Percentages Graphic Organizer 1. Divide students into groups. Distribute laminated copies of the country spending pie charts and overhead markers. Assign each group a country from the attached list of countries. In columns on the board write the following headings: A (15% or less), B (15.1% to 20%), C (20.1% to 25%), D (25% to 35%), E (35.1% to 50%, or F (more than 50%). 2. Ask students to visit the CIA Factbook (see materials list) and become experts on their assigned countries, learning what percentage of the country s population s income is spent on food, as well as what the principal crops and the livestock are for each country. 3. Ask students to complete the questions and the pie chart for their countries. Then ask students to categorize their country by the percent of income their county spends on food by taping their country to the board under either: A, B, C, D, E, or F. 4. Lead a discussion about how income affects a person s ability to buy food and ask students what happens to a person s spending patterns when they spend most of their disposable income on food; for example, they may not be able to travel or go out to dinner. Remind students that in certain cases, people will spend a smaller dollar amount on food even though the percentage of their income spent on food is higher. Explain that this can be because their annual income is lower. Discuss global agriculture and how, currently, there is enough food to feed the world, but as population increases, demand changes. Explain that in some countries, people may have the money to buy food but are unable to get food because of poverty, politics, or infrastructure. Inquire what students thought made the difference in percentages spent on food around the world. Differences should include: poverty, education, developing nations vs. developed nations, agricultural production in the region, availability of food, politics, population, resource base, technological utilization, infrastructure, jobs, location on the globe, climate, and so on. 5. Show the World Hunger and Poverty Myths and Facts PowerPoint, (see materials list). For homework, post the following statement for your students to answer on VoiceThread (materials list), or on your class blog. Education is a key to combating poverty and hunger. In the United States we have open access to education. Why do you think education could combat poverty and how could education be promoted? Do you think there is a drawback to an education? Utah Agriculture in the Classroom 3 utah.agclassroom.org

4 Additional Activities Invite a guest speaker to come from the local food pantry and talk to students about local hunger. Organize a service-learning project where students hold a food drive and donate the food to the local food pantry. Ask students to graph data about hunger vs. GDP worldwide and see if they can observe a correlation. Ask students to go to the Calorie King website, calorieking.com, and look up how many calories were in their lunch. Have them determine cost per calorie. Then ask students to work out the cost of their daily nutritional needs. Finally, ask students to talk about how many hours they would have to work to pay for those calories. Utah Agriculture in the Classroom 4 utah.agclassroom.org

5 Fact Sheet: Food Provides... Food gives us the energy and nutrients the body needs to maintain health and life, to grow and develop, to move, work, play, think, and learn. Your diet is what you eat, not a weight loss program. The body needs a variety of nutrients proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals and these come from the foods we eat. Proteins are needed to build and maintain muscle, blood, skin and bones, and other tissues and organs in the body. Carbohydrates and fats mainly provide energy, although some fats are also needed as building materials and to help the body use certain vitamins. Vitamins and minerals are needed in smaller amounts than protein, fat and carbohydrates, but they are essential for good nutrition. They help the body work properly and stay healthy. Some minerals also make up part of the body s tissues, for example, calcium and fluoride are found in bones and teeth and iron is found in the blood. Fiber (or roughage) and clean water are also needed for a healthy diet.

6 All foods contain nutrients, but different foods contain different amounts of various nutrients. Foods rich in proteins are all types of meat, poultry, fish, beans, peas, soybeans, ground nuts, milk, cheese, yogurt, and eggs. Foods rich in carbohydrates are rice, corn, wheat and other cereals, all types of potatoes, yams and starchy roots, and sugars. Foods rich in fats are oils, some meat and meat products, lard, butter, ghee, and some other milk products, margarine, some types of fish, nuts, and soybeans. Foods rich in vitamin A are dark-green vegetables, carrots, darkyellow sweet potatoes, pumpkins, mangos, papayas, eggs, and liver. Foods rich in B vitamins are dark-green vegetables, ground nuts, beans, peas, cereals, meat, fish, and eggs. Foods rich in vitamin C are fruits and most vegetables, including tubers like potatoes. Foods rich in iron are meat, fish, ground nuts, beans, peas, darkgreen leafy vegetables, and dried fruits.

7 Family 1 Profile Family Information Monthly Bills (Expenditures) This is a four person family. The mother is a surgeon with an annual income of $160,000. The father is a psychiatrist with an annual income of $90,000. Their combined monthly income is $20,833. There are two children in this family. Cost % of Income Pie Chart Color Family Situation: Mortgage $3,000 Your family has ample disposable income for food, Utilities $350 clothing, and entertainment. How would you spend, save, Insurance* $800 or share your surplus income? Automobile Fuel $600 Automobile Payment $800 Cell Phone Bill $250 Cable/Internet $100 Income Tax, State & Federal $6,875 FICA + $1,458 Disposable Income $6,600 Directions: Complete the table above, calculating each cost as percent of your families monthly income. In the Pie Chart Color column of the table, indicate a color to represent that bill on the pie chart to the right. Once you have calculated each bill s percentage complete the empty pie chart. Hint: each slice is 1%, there are 100 total slices. Round each percentage to the nearest whole number. Once you have completed the chart, pay your bills to the banker. You will pay the Income Tax and the FICA together and in order to do so combine their cost and then round to the nearest hundred before you pay your bill. The money you have left over may be spent on food (candy). *Insurance: There are many different kinds of insurance that families may opt to purchase (some are required by law) automobile, house, life, mortgage insurance, renters insurance, health insurance. Renters are often required to have renters insurance, home owners who pay less than 20% down must purchase mortgage insurance. Every driver is required to purchase automobile insurance but coverage on the policies may differ. Some people decided not to purchase health insurance or life insurance in an effort to reduce monthly costs, or because they do not qualify for coverage. + FICA: The Federal Insurance Contributions Act is the United States payroll tax imposed by the federal government on both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, the disabled, and children of deceased workers. Every American pays 7% of their income for this tax.

8 Family 2 Profile Family Information Monthly Bills (Expenditures) This is a five person family. The father is a teacher with an annual income of $41,500. The mother is a parttime dental hygienist with an annual income of $9,830. Their combined monthly income is $4,278. There are three children in this family. Cost % of Income Pie Chart Color Family Situation: Mortgage $2,000 If one of the children needs to have their appendix out Utilities $200 this month a $700 cost with insurance would this put a Insurance* $300 financial strain on the families food budget? Automobile Fuel $300 Automobile Payment $200 Cell Phone Bill $100 Cable/Internet $30 Income Tax, State & Federal $366 FICA + $784 Disposable Income $500 Directions: Complete the table above, calculating each cost as percent of your families monthly income. In the Pie Chart Color column of the table, indicate a color to represent that bill on the pie chart to the right. Once you have calculated each bill s percentage complete the empty pie chart. Hint: each slice is 1%, there are 100 total slices. Round each percentage to the nearest whole number. Once you have completed the chart, pay your bills to the banker. You will pay the Income Tax and the FICA together and in order to do so combine their cost and then round to the nearest hundred before you pay your bill. The money you have left over may be spent on food (candy). *Insurance: There are many different kinds of insurance that families may opt to purchase (some are required by law) automobile, house, life, mortgage insurance, renters insurance, health insurance. Renters are often required to have renters insurance, home owners who pay less than 20% down must purchase mortgage insurance. Every driver is required to purchase automobile insurance but coverage on the policies may differ. Some people decided not to purchase health insurance or life insurance in an effort to reduce monthly costs, or because they do not qualify for coverage. + FICA: The Federal Insurance Contributions Act is the United States payroll tax imposed by the federal government on both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, the disabled, and children of deceased workers. Every American pays 7% of their income for this tax.

9 Family 3 Profile Family Information Monthly Bills (Expenditures) This is a six person household. The mother is a horse trainer with an annual income of $17,000 and the father is a sanitation department worker with an annual income of $19,150. There are four children in the family. Their combined monthly income is $3,013. Cost % of Income Pie Chart Color Family Situation: Rent $800 There is only $500 dollars of disposable income per Utilities $200 month. How much would it cost to feed six people for a Insurance* $300 month? Considering what your school lunch costs per day, do you think this is very much money for food? Would Automobile Fuel $200 Automobile Payment $200 Cell Phone Bill $100 Cable/Internet $50 Income Tax, Sate & Federal $452 FICA + $211 Disposable Income $500 a family like this be able to afford much new clothing or entertainment? Directions: Complete the table above, calculating each cost as percent of your families monthly income. In the Pie Chart Color column of the table, indicate a color to represent that bill on the pie chart to the right. Once you have calculated each bill s percentage complete the empty pie chart. Hint: each slice is 1%, there are 100 total slices. Round each percentage to the nearest whole number. Once you have completed the chart, pay your bills to the banker. You will pay the Income Tax and the FICA together and in order to do so combine their cost and then round to the nearest hundred before you pay your bill. The money you have left over may be spent on food (candy). *Insurance: There are many different kinds of insurance that families may opt to purchase (some are required by law) automobile, house, life, mortgage insurance, renters insurance, health insurance. Renters are often required to have renters insurance, home owners who pay less than 20% down must purchase mortgage insurance. Every driver is required to purchase automobile insurance but coverage on the policies may differ. Some people decided not to purchase health insurance or life insurance in an effort to reduce monthly costs, or because they do not qualify for coverage. + FICA: The Federal Insurance Contributions Act is the United States payroll tax imposed by the federal government on both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, the disabled, and children of deceased workers. Every American pays 7% of their income for this tax.

10 Family 4 Profile Family Information Monthly Bills (Expenditures) This is a double income family with no children. The wife is a part-time florist who works 5 hours a week with an annual income of $2,000. The husband is an engineer whose annual income is $70,350. Their combined monthly income is $6,029. Cost % of Income Pie Chart Color Family Situation: Mortgage $2,000 Your family has $1,000 of disposable income per month. Utilities $150 How much money would it cost to feed two people for a Insurance* $200 week? How much money would be left over for clothing, entertainment, and other disposable expenditures? Do Automobile Fuel $100 Automobile Payment $400 Cell Phone Bill $150 Cable/Internet $100 Income Tax, State & Federal $1,507 FICA + $422 Disposable Income $1000 you think having children in this family would impact the amount of disposable income by making other expenditures like automobile fuel or their insurance more expensive? Directions: Complete the table above, calculating each cost as percent of your families monthly income. In the Pie Chart Color column of the table, indicate a color to represent that bill on the pie chart to the right. Once you have calculated each bill s percentage complete the empty pie chart. Hint: each slice is 1%, there are 100 total slices. Round each percentage to the nearest whole number. Once you have completed the chart, pay your bills to the banker. You will pay the Income Tax and the FICA together and in order to do so combine their cost and then round to the nearest hundred before you pay your bill. The money you have left over may be spent on food (candy). *Insurance: There are many different kinds of insurance that families may opt to purchase (some are required by law) automobile, house, life, mortgage insurance, renters insurance, health insurance. Renters are often required to have renters insurance, home owners who pay less than 20% down must purchase mortgage insurance. Every driver is required to purchase automobile insurance but coverage on the policies may differ. Some people decided not to purchase health insurance or life insurance in an effort to reduce monthly costs, or because they do not qualify for coverage. + FICA: The Federal Insurance Contributions Act is the United States payroll tax imposed by the federal government on both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, the disabled, and children of deceased workers. Every American pays 7% of their income for this tax.

11 Family 5 Profile Family Information Monthly Bills (Expenditures) This is a single parent household with four children and one adult. The father is a bowling alley manager whose annual income is $21,495. His monthly income is $1,791. Cost % of Income Pie Chart Color Family Situation: Mortgage $1,250 Your family has no disposable income and actually Utilities $150 accumulates $50 a month in debt. How does your family Insurance* $50 afford expenditures like food and clothing? Automobile Fuel $150 Automobile Payment $0 Cell Phone Bill $50 Cable/Internet $0 Income Tax, State & Federal $179 FICA + $13 Disposable Income -$50 Directions: Complete the table above, calculating each cost as percent of your families monthly income. In the Pie Chart Color column of the table, indicate a color to represent that bill on the pie chart to the right. Once you have calculated each bill s percentage complete the empty pie chart. Hint: each slice is 1%, there are 100 total slices. Round each percentage to the nearest whole number. Once you have completed the chart, pay your bills to the banker. You will pay the Income Tax and the FICA together and in order to do so combine their cost and then round to the nearest hundred before you pay your bill. The money you have left over may be spent on food (candy). *Insurance: There are many different kinds of insurance that families may opt to purchase (some are required by law) automobile, house, life, mortgage insurance, renters insurance, health insurance. Renters are often required to have renters insurance, home owners who pay less than 20% down must purchase mortgage insurance. Every driver is required to purchase automobile insurance but coverage on the policies may differ. Some people decided not to purchase health insurance or life insurance in an effort to reduce monthly costs, or because they do not qualify for coverage. + FICA: The Federal Insurance Contributions Act is the United States payroll tax imposed by the federal government on both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, the disabled, and children of deceased workers. Every American pays 7% of their income for this tax.

12 Family 6 Profile Family Information Monthly Bills (Expenditures) This is a five person family. The father is a cattle rancher with an annual income of $60,000. The mother manages the agro-tourism side of the ranch and has an annual income of $18,900. Their combined monthly income is $6,575. There are three children in this family. Cost % of Income Pie Chart Color Family Situation: Mortgage $0 Your family has ample disposable income for food, Utilities $200 clothing, and entertainment. How would you spend, save, Insurance* $1,000 or share your surplus income? Automobile Fuel $450 Automobile Payment $0 Cell Phone Bill $150 Cable/Internet $100 Income Tax, State & Federal $1,315 FICA + $460 Disposable Income $2,900 Directions: Complete the table above, calculating each cost as percent of your families monthly income. In the Pie Chart Color column of the table, indicate a color to represent that bill on the pie chart to the right. Once you have calculated each bill s percentage complete the empty pie chart. Hint: each slice is 1%, there are 100 total slices. Round each percentage to the nearest whole number. Once you have completed the chart, pay your bills to the banker. You will pay the Income Tax and the FICA together and in order to do so combine their cost and then round to the nearest hundred before you pay your bill. The money you have left over may be spent on food (candy). *Insurance: There are many different kinds of insurance that families may opt to purchase (some are required by law) automobile, house, life, mortgage insurance, renters insurance, health insurance. Renters are often required to have renters insurance, home owners who pay less than 20% down must purchase mortgage insurance. Every driver is required to purchase automobile insurance but coverage on the policies may differ. Some people decided not to purchase health insurance or life insurance in an effort to reduce monthly costs, or because they do not qualify for coverage. + FICA: The Federal Insurance Contributions Act is the United States payroll tax imposed by the federal government on both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, the disabled, and children of deceased workers. Every American pays 7% of their income for this tax.

13 List of Countries: 1. United States 2. United Kingdom 3. Sudan 4. Netherlands 5. Philippians 6. Singapore 7. India 8. Ireland 9. Honduras 10. New Zealand 11. Jamaica 12. Finland 13. South Africa 14. Jordan 15. Spain 16. Venezuela 17. Bahamas 18. Ecuador 19. Zimbabwe 20. Greece 21. Fiji

14 Country Spending Pie Chart Population: % Spent on Food Location: Principal Crops: Principal Livestock: