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1 PREPARINGFORYOURCOURSE WITHBVASSOCIATESLIMITED NEBOSHNationalGeneralCertificate inoccupationalhealthandsafety 1

2 2 Contents: AbouttheNEBOSHGeneralCertificate 3 GC3:HealthandSafetyPracticalApplication 6 UseofCommandWords 7 NGCTerminology 13 Annexes: HSG65Overview TheManagementofHealthandSafetyatWorkRegulationsOverview RiskAssessmentOverview CivilandCriminalLawOverview

3 3 AbouttheNEBOSHNationalGeneralCertificate Overview TheNEBOSHNationalGeneralCertificateprovidesabroadunderstandingofkeyhealth andsafetyissues,coveringthelegalrequirementsforhealthandsafetyintheukandthe identificationandcontrolofworkplacehazards. Thisqualificationisforanyonewhoneedstogainasoundunderstandingoftheprinciplesof workplacehealthandsafety.italsocoversukspecifichealthandsafetylaw. Forsome,theNationalGeneralCertificateisacrucialfirststeptowardsestablishinga lifelongprofessionalcareerinoccupationalhealthandsafety.manywhotaketheirnational GeneralCertificateprogressontooneofourDiplomalevelqualifications.However,around threequartersofpeoplewhoholdanationalgeneralcertificateareemployedinroles whoseprimaryfunctionisnothealthandsafety. TheNationalGeneralCertificateisseenasaveryusefulqualificationformanagers, supervisorsandthosewhoneedtohaveasoundunderstandingoftheirhealthandsafety responsibilitiesandwhowishtoimplementsustainablehealthandsafetyimprovements. NEBOSHqualificationscanplayanimportantpartinensuringthatthehealthandsafety provisionbusinesseshaveinplaceiseffective.thismayexplainwhysomanyorganisations choosetoincludeneboshqualificationsontheircompetencymatrices. NEBOSHresearchhasshownthat85%ofhealthandsafetyjobadvertisementsintheUK insistedoncandidatesholdingsomeformofneboshqualification. Coursesummary Thecourseissplitinto3unitswhichareassessedindividuallyQ2taughtunitsandaworkQ basedassignment. Uponcompletionofthecourse,youwillbeableto: Assistintheplanning,implementationandreviewofanorganisationshealth&safety policy. UnderstandtherequirementsofHSElegislation,codesofpracticeandthe prosecutionprocess. Undertakeriskassessmentsandrecommendsuitableaction. InvestigateaccidentsandpreparereportsinlinewithHSElegislation. Identifycommonhazardsintheworkplaceandrecommendsuitablecorrective measures. Whatwillbetaught? UnitNGC1:ManagementofHealthandSafety ThisunitprovidesthefoundationofHealthandSafetyknowledge,coveringHSElegislation andthekeyelementsofaneffectivehealthandsafetymanagementsystem. Element1:FoundationsinHealthandSafety ScopeandNatureofOccupationalHealthandSafety MoralandFinancialDriversforHealthandSafetyManagement TheLegalFrameworkForHealthandSafetyRegulation HealthandSafetyatWorketc.Act1974 TheManagementofHealthandSafetyatWorkRegulations1999

4 4 ClientandContractors Element2:HealthandSafetyManagementSystemsVPlan KeyElementsofaHealthandSafetyManagementSystem PurposeandImportanceofSettingPolicyforHealthandSafety KeyFeaturesandAppropriateContentofanEffectiveHealthandSafetyPolicy Element3:HealthandSafetyManagementSystemsVDo RolesandResponsibilitiesofEmployers,DirectorsandManagersHealthandSafety Culture HumanFactorsThatInfluenceBehaviouratWork ImprovingHealthandSafetyBehaviour PrinciplesandPracticeofRiskAssessment GeneralPrinciplesofControl SourcesofHealthandSafetyInformation SafeSystemsofWork(SSW) PermitsQToQWork(PTW) PersonalProtectiveEquipment SafetySignsandSignals EmergencyProceduresandArrangements FirstAidintheWorkplace Element4:HealthandSafetyManagementSystemsVCheck ActiveandReactiveMonitoring Investigatingincidents RecordingandReportingIncidents Element5:HealthandSafetyManagementSystemsVAct HealthandSafetyAuditing ReviewingofHealthandSafetyPerformance GC2:ControllingWorkplaceHazards:GC2coversawiderangeofcommonhazardsfrom variousworkingenvironmentsandtheappropriatecontrolmeasuresrequiredtominimise risk. Element1:WorkplaceHazardsandRiskControl Health,WelfareandWorkEnvironmentRequirement ViolenceatWork SubstanceMisuse SafeMovementofPeople WorkingataHeight Excavations TemporaryWorks Element2:TransportHazardsandRiskControl SafeMovementofVehicles DrivingatWork Element3:MusculoskeletalHazardsandRiskControl

5 5 WorkQrelatedUpperLimbDisorders DisplayScreenEquipment ManualHandling ManuallyOperatedLoadHandlingEquipment PoweredLoadHandlingEquipment Element4:WorkEquipmentHazardsandRiskControl GeneralRequirementsForWorkEquipment HandTools MachineryHazards ControlMeasuresforMachineryHazard SpecifiedEquipment Element5:ElectricalSafety UseofElectricityatWorkQHazardsandRisks ControlmeasuresWhenWorkingwithElectricalSystemsorUsingElectrical EquipmentinAllWorkplaceConditions Element6:FireSafety FireInitiation,ClassificationandSpread FireRiskAssessment FirePreventionandPreventionofFireSpread FireAlarmandFireQFightingEquipment EvacuationofaWorkplace Element7:ChemicalandBiologicalHealthHazardsandRiskControl Formsof,Classificationof,andHealthRisksfromHazardousSubstances AssessmentofHealthRisks OccupationExposureLimits ControlMeasures SpecificAgents SafeHandlingandStorageofWaste Element8:PhysicalandPsychologicalHealthHazardsandRiskControl Noise Vibration Radiation Stress

6 6 GC3:HealthandSafetyPracticalApplication TheaimofthisunittoassessyourknowledgeandunderstandinggainedfromUnitsNGC1 andgc2inapracticalenvironmentbysuccessfullycompletingtwoactivities: Asafetyinspectionofaworkplace,identyfingcommonhazardsandsuggesting appropriateandcosteffectivecontrolmeasure Awrittenreportdetailingyourfindingsfromtheinspectionandpersuasivelyurging managementtotakeappropriateaction CourseAssessments Allunitsarecompulsoryandassessmentsmustbepassedtogainthefullqualification. UnitsNGC1andGC2areeachassessedbya2hourexamconsistingof10short essayanswersand1longessayanswer. GC3isapracticalassessmentwhichmustbecompletedwithin14daysofsittingthe NGC1andGC2exams. Youwillbesentan containingthelatestNEBOSHTemplatesonceyourcourse hasstarted.therequirementwillbeexplainedtoyouduringyourcourse.ifyouwish toreadintotherequirementpriortoyourcoursetheneboshgeneralpractical GuidanceNotescanbefoundasaseparatedocumentinourStudentZone.

7 7 TheUseofCommandWords Thephrase commandword isusedtorefertothewordsspecificallyassociatedwiththe learningoutcomesandassessmentobjectivesofaqualification.sincelearningoutcomes areconcernedwithwhatstudentscandoattheendofalearningactivity,commandwords areaction(active)verbs.thecommandwordsusedfollowbloom staxonomyofeducational objectivesandassuchareinstructionaltermsthatindicatethelevelofthinkingandtypeof performancethatisrequiredofstudents. ThissectionconcentratesoncommandwordsusedforNEBOSHCertificatequalifications. Learningoutcomes NEBOSHproducesaguide,whichincludesthesyllabus,foreachqualification.Thesyllabus isbrokendownintoindividualunitsandeachunitintoelements.eachelementhasclear learningoutcomes.commandwordsareusedinthelearningoutcomestoindicatewhatis requiredofstudentsinrelationtoeachitemofcontent. Examplelearningoutcome: UnitNGC1:Managementofhealthandsafety Learningoutcome1.2 Explainthemoralandfinancialreasonsforpromotinggoodstandardsofhealthandsafety intheworkplace. Questions Onlyquestionsthatassessthelearningoutcomesestablishedinthesyllabuscanbeset. Questionsarewrittentodiscovernotonlyhowmuchofasubjectastudentknowsbutalso theassociatedskillsthattheyareexpectedtodemonstrate.marksarethenbasedonhow effectivelytheseskillsaredemonstrated.commandwordsaretheguidesinthequestionas towhatassessmentskillisbeingtargetedbythatquestion.certificatequestionswill predominantlyassessknowledge,comprehensionandapplication. Knowledgerequiresanabilitytorecallorrememberfactswithoutnecessarilyunderstanding them.commandwordsusedinknowledgebasedquestionsincludeidentify. Comprehensionrequiresanabilitytounderstandandinterpretlearnedinformation. Commandwordsusedincomprehensionbasedquestionsincludeexplain. Applicationistheskillofbeingabletotakeknowledgeandapplyitindifferentcontextsand circumstancesinordertounderstandwhyandwhereproblemsandissuesarise.the importantthingtorememberisthatwhateverthecontext,egatransportcompany,a communicationscentreoranoilrefinery,theprinciplesbeingassessedarethesame,but willhavedifferentimplicationsgiventhedifferentindustryorissuebeingconsidered. Commandwordsusedtoassessapplicationincludeoutlineandexplain. Commandwordsareusedverycarefullyandeachquestionhasacertainorderofwordsto trytoenablecandidatestounderstandwhatexaminersarelookingfor.ineveryquestionthe skillsrequiredbythespecificcommandwordsarealsoreflectedinthemarksallocatedfor

8 8 thequestion.ingeneraltherearegoingtobemoremarksavailableforapplicationand comprehensionskillquestionsthanforknowledgebasedquestions. Understandingthecommandwordsinaquestionisthekeytosuccessinansweringit.The commandwordindicatesthenatureofanswerandtheskillsbeingassessed. NEBOSHCertificatequalificationcommandwords Thefollowingdefinitionsareincludedforacommonunderstandingofthecommandwords usedinthecompilationofcertificatequestionpapers. Command word Definition Identify Togivereferencetoanitem,whichcouldbeitsnameortitle. NB:normallyawordorphrasewillbesufficient,providedthereferenceis clear. Give Toprovideshort,factualanswers. NB:normallyasingleword,phraseorsentencewillbesufficient. Outline Toindicatetheprincipalfeaturesordifferentpartsof.NB:anexhaustive descriptionisnotrequired.whatissoughtisabriefsummaryofthemajor aspectsofwhateverisstatedinthequestion. Describe Togiveadetailedwrittenaccountofthedistinctivefeaturesofasubject.The accountshouldbefactual,withoutanyattempttoexplain. Whendescribingasubject(orobject)atestofsufficientdetailwouldbethat anotherpersonwouldbeabletovisualisewhatyouaredescribing. Explain Toprovideanunderstanding.Tomakeanideaorrelationshipclear. NB:thiscommandwordistestingthecandidate sabilitytoknowor understandwhyorhowsomethinghappens.isoftenassociatedwiththe words how or why. Accreditedcourseprovidersarestronglyadvisedtomakecommandwordlistsavailableto bothtutorsandstudentstoensureacommonunderstanding.consistentandregularuseof commandwordsduringteachingandrevisionwillhelpstudentsdevelopconfidenceintaking Respondingtocommandwordsinquestions Itisimportanttoreadthewholequestionandtounderstandwhatthequestionrequiresas thecommandwordonitsownwillneedtobereinforcedbytheremainderofthequestion. Manycandidatesmissoutongainingmarksbecausetheydonotreadthequestioncarefully enoughanddonotthinkabouttheiranswerthoroughlybeforewritingitdown. Candidatesneedtothinkabouteachquestion. Whatisthecommandword? WhatdoIneedtosaytogainmarks? Whatisorisnotrelevanttothequestion? Inmanycasesabriefanswerplanisanessentialaidtoensuringthatanswersarewell thoughtoutandstructured. NEBOSHappliesa positivemarking approachfthatis,marksareawardedforcorrect materialincandidates answers,ratherthanbeingdeductedforincorrectormissingmaterial.

9 9 Inordertogivefurtherdirectionastothedetailofinformationrequiredbythecommand wordinaquestion,examplesaregivenbelowbothforgeneralknowledgeandforthengc1 syllabus. IDENTIFY ApplyingidentifytoanonQsyllabusrelatedcommonsubject: Q1.IdentifyFOURkitchenappliances. Q2.IdentifyFOURtypesofbicycle. Sufficientanswerswouldinclude: A1.Toaster,Electrickettle,microwavecookerdishwasher A2.MountainbikeRacingbike,PennyQfarthing,Tandem Notethatgivingonlyoneortwowordanswersprovidesaclearreferenceandthereforeis sufficienttosatisfyanidentifyquestion. Applyingidentifytosyllabussubjects: Q3.IdentifyFOURhazardsassociatedwithexcavations. Q4.IdentifyFOURmechanicalhazardsassociatedwithmachinery. Q5.IdentifyFOURtypesofsafetysign. Sufficientanswerswouldinclude: A3.Collapseofthesides,wateringress,fallingmaterials,undergroundservices A4.Entanglement,drawinginandtrapping,frictionorabrasion,stabbingorpuncture A5.ProhibitionsignsWarningsignssuchasmandatorysigns,emergencyorsafe conditionsigns Again,answersarelimitedtoabriefphraseorinsomecasesjusttwowordsbutdogive clearreference. OUTLINE Togainthemarksfortheoutlineexamplequestionsbelow,thesamebreadthofansweris requiredasforanidentifyanswer,butnow,additionalinformationwillberequiredtosatisfy thedepthofanoutline. ApplyingoutlinetothesamenonQsyllabussubjects: Q6.OutlineFOURkitchenappliances. Q7.OutlineFOURtypesofbicycle. Sufficientanswerswouldinclude: A6.Toaster:Accommodatesslicesofbread,ejectsastoastwhenready. Electrickettle:1to2litrecapacity,boilswater.Canbecordless. Microwavecooker:Heatsfoodrapidlyusingshortwavelengthradiowaves. Dishwasher:Dirtytablewareplacedinbaskets.Mixtureofhighpressurewaterand detergentautomaticallycleans.

10 10 A7.Mountainbike:Robustbicyclewithdeeptreadtyres,suspensionandseveral gearchoices. Racingbike:Lightweightframewithdrophandlebarsandmaybefixedgearing. PennyVfarthing:Vintagedevicewithverylargefrontwheelandsmallrearwheel. Tandem:Bicycledesignedfortwopeoplewithtwoseatsandtwosetsofpedals. Applyingoutlinetothesamesyllabussubjects: Q8.OutlineFOURhazardsassociatedwithexcavations. Q9.OutlineFOURmechanicalhazardsassociatedwithmachinery. Q10.OutlineFOURtypesofsafetysign. Sufficientanswerswouldinclude:A8. Collapseofthesides:Unsupportedtrenchorincorrectangleofthesides. Wateringress:Throughheavyrainorburstwatermain. Fallingmaterials:Spoildugfromexcavationormaterialsandtoolsstoredatground levelcouldfallin. Undergroundservices:Contactorrupturingofelectricity,gasorwaterutilities. A9.Entanglement Onrotatingparts.Drawinginandtrapping Betweencounterrotationrollers,orpulleybeltsandwheels.Frictionorabrasion Contactwithfastmovingsurfaces.Stabbingorpuncture Fromejectedobjectsorflyingobjects. A10. Prohibitionsigns:Circularwithredborder,reddiagonalbarandblacksymbol. Warningsigns:Triangular,yellowbackground,blackborderandsymbol. Mandatorysigns:Circular,bluebackground,whiteborderandwhitesymbol. Emergencyorsafeconditionsigns:Rectangular,greenbackground,whiteborder andwhitesymbol. Again,theidentifyanswer(showninbold)givesthebreadthrequiredandtheadditional informationgiveninthebulletpointsatisfiestherequireddepthforanoutline. DESCRIBE ApplyingdescribetothenonQsyllabussubjects: Q11.Describeamicrowavecooker. Q12.DescribeapennyQfarthingbicycle. Sufficientanswerswouldbe:

11 11 A11.Anoblongboxshapedobject,approximately30cmtall,30cmdeepand60cm long.thereisasinglehingeddooratthefront,typicallyseethrough.thedooropens outwardsandinsidethereisaspacetoplaceaplateordishandamicrowave transmitterislocatedabove.outside,onthefronttherewillbenormallytwocontrols tosetthepowerandcookingtime. A12.Amanuallypropelledvintagebicycleconsistingofaverylargewheelatthe frontandamuchsmallerwheelattheback.thewheelsareconnectedbyaframe thatsupportsaseatabovethefrontwheelandhandlebarstosteer.pedalsare connecteddirectlytothecentreofthefrontwheel. Applyingdescribetoasyllabussubject: Q13.Describethemechanicalhazardsassociatedwithabenchgrinder. Asufficientanswerwouldbe: A13.Anentanglementhazardwouldbeassociatedwiththerotatingspindlethatthe abrasivewheelismountedon.drawinginandtrappingisassociatedwiththegap betweenthetoolrestandtherotatingabrasivewheel.frictionorabrasionhazards wouldbeassociatedwiththesurfaceoftherotatingabrasivewheelandstabbingor puncturehazardscouldbecreatedbyflyingfragmentsorpiecesofejectedbroken wheel. Inallofthedescribeanswersabove,noattemptismadetoexplainhowa microwavecookerheatsfood,whythefrontwheelofapennyqfarthingissomuch largerthantherearwheelorhowapersoncouldbeinjuredusinganabrasivewheel. EXPLAIN ApplyingexplaintoanonQsyllabussubject: Q14.Explainhowamicrowavecookerheatsupfood. Q15.ExplainwhythereisaverylargefrontwheelonapennyQfarthing. Sufficientanswerswouldinclude: A14.Thefrequencyofmicrowavesusedinamicrowavecookerissufficienttocause watermoleculesinfoodtovibrate.vibratingmoleculeshitotherwatermoleculesand putthemintothesamevibrationandthereforethisvibrationofmoleculesis convertedintoheat. A15.Byhavingalargefrontwheel,theperipheral(rimspeed)ofthewheelismuch fasterthantherotationofthepedalsatthecentre.thisresultsinfasterforward speedperpedalrotation.alsoalargerwheelismoresuitableforridingoncobbled streetsorroughground. Applyingexplaintoasyllabussubject: Q16.Explainhowsensitiveprotectiveequipment(tripdevice)canreducethe riskofcontactwithmovingpartsofmachinery. Asufficientanswerwouldbe: A16.Sensitiveprotectiveequipmentisdesignedtoidentifythepresenceofaperson orbodypartwithinthedangerzoneofmachinery.examplesofsuchdevicesinclude pressurematsandlightbeamsthatareconnectedtothemachinecontrolsandwould stopthemachinerapidlyshouldapersonorbodypartbedetected.

12 12 GIVE ApplyinggivetoanonQsyllabussubject: Q17:IdentifyFOUREuropeancitiesANDgiveanexampleofatouristattractionin EACH. Sufficientanswerswouldinclude: A17.London egbuckinghampalaceparis egeiffeltower Pisa egleaningtowerrome egcolosseum Applyinggivetoasyllabussubject: Q18.IdentifyFOURtypesofsafetysignANDgiveanexample ineachcase. Sufficientanswerswouldinclude: A18.Prohibitionsigns egnosmoking Warningsigns egcautionhotsurface Mandatorysigns egwearearprotection Emergencyorsafeconditionsigns egfirstqaidbox

13 13 NGCTERMINOLOGY Term Definition Absolute AnonQnegotiabledutyimposedbyaregulationwhenitusestheterm'shall' or'must'withoutthequalificationof'reasonablypracticable'. Accident Anundesiredeventorseriesofeventscausing(orwiththepotentialto cause)injury,illqhealthordamage. Acuteeffect Aneffectarisingfromexposuretoahazardoussubstancethathappens immediatelyonexposure. ApprovedCode ofpractice ApprovedCodesofPracticearepublishedbytheHSEtocovermany regulations.approvedcodesofpracticealthoughnotlawthemselvesdo giveguidanceonhowtocomplywiththelawandassuchhaveaspecial legalstatus,similartothehighwaycode. Asfaras reasonably practicable Thedegreeofriskinaparticularsituationcanbebalancedagainstthe cost,intermsoftime,trouble,moneyandphysicaldifficultyoftaking measurestoavoidtherisk.ifthiscostisdisproportionatetotheriskit wouldbeunreasonabletoexpectanyemployertoincurthosecoststo avoidtherisk. Balanceof Probabilities Thestandardofproofrequiredbythecourtsinacivillawclaim.The standardismetifthereisagreaterthan50%chanceoftheproposition beingtrue. Beyond Reasonable Doubt Thestandardofproofrequiredbyacriminallawcase. Carcinogen Chemicalsthatareknownorsuspectedtocausecancer. ChronicEffect Aneffectarisingfromexposuretoahazardoussubstancewhichtakesa longtimetotakeeffect.thismaytakemonthsorevenyearsfortheeffects tobecomeevident. CommonLaw Unwrittenlaw,originallybasedonthemergingofvariouslocalcustoms andlawsasaresultofvariousroyaljudgeswhotouredthecountry.cannot beinconflictwithstatutelaw. Competent Person ACompetentPersonisdefinedbytheHSEassomebodywiththeskill, knowledge,practicalexperienceandtrainingtoenablethemtoassessthe risksarisingfromtheworkactivity. Decibel(dB) Alogarithmicmeasurementcommonlyusedtomeasuresound. db(a) Soundmeasuredusingthe"Aweighting".Commonlyusedasthe measurementofenvironmentalorindustrialnoiseacrossan8qhour averageday DSE DisplayScreenEquipment DutyofCare Alegalprecedentwhichstatesthat"Youmusttakereasonablecareto avoidactsoromissionswhichyoucouldreasonablyforeseewouldbelikely toinjureyourneighbour". EH40 AnHSEpublicationdefiningOccupationalExposureLimitsinsupportof thecontrolofsubstanceshazardoustohealth(coshh)regulations. EHO EnvironmentalHealthOfficer.Alocalauthoritypositionresponsiblefor enforcinghealthandsafetylegislationatalocallevel. Ergonomics Thestudyandknowledgeofhumanabilitiesandlimitationstohelpdesign andbuildforcomfort,efficiency,productivityandsafety. Frequency Frequency,referringtosound,istheamountofcompletewavesevery secondthatproducesound.

14 14 Forexample:Highpitchedsounds,likethesoundthatwhistlesmake,have ahighfrequency(lotsofwavespersecond).andlowpitchedsoundslike thesoundthatasubwoofermakeshavealowfrequency(notsomany wavespersecond) HAVS HandArmVibrationSyndrome Hazard Anobject,situation,orbehaviour,thathasthepotentialtocauseharmin termsofinjury,illhealth,ordamagetopropertyortheenvironment. HSE HealthandSafetyExecutive Health Surveillance HealthSurveillanceisaboutsystematicallywatchingoutforearlysignsof workqrelatedillhealthinemployeesexposedtocertainhealthrisks,such ashazardoussubstancesorexcessivenoise. LEV LocalExhaustVentilation LUX Unitofmeasurementforilluminance. MEL MaximumExposureLimit.DefinedintheControlofSubstancesHazardous tohealth(coshh)regulationsandupdatedineh40.themelsetsthe maximumexposuretowhichanemployeecanbeexposedtoaspecified hazardoussubstance. MSD MusculoskeletalDisorder MSDS MaterialSafetyDataSheet Mutagen Asubstancewhichmaycausechangesinhumancellsandmaybehanded downfromgenerationtogeneration. NearMiss Anearmissdescribesanincidentwhichgivenaslightshiftintimeor distancemighthaveresultedininjury,illqheathordamage.byreporting, investigatingandactingonlessonslearnedfromnearmisses,accidents shouldbeprevented. Negligence Negligenceistheomissiontodosomethingwhichareasonableman, guideduponbythoseconsiderationswhichordinarilyregulatetheconduct ofhumanaffairs,woulddo. PTW ApermittoWorkisaformal,writtenprocedureusedtocontrolwork activitieswhichareidentifiedasparticularlyhazardousandwherespecial precautionsarerequiredtocontrolthehazards.primarilyusedfornonq routineworkactivities. PPE PersonalProtectiveEquipment RCD ResidualCurrentDevice Regulation Mandatedbythegovernment.Alsoalegalrequirement(belowtheHealth andsafetyatworketcact)coveringaspecificareaofhealthandsafety legislation. RIDDOR TheReportingofInjuries,DiseasesandDangerousOccurrences Regulations1995 Risk Thechanceorlikelihoodthatsomebodycouldbeharmedbyahazardin theworkplace,togetherwithanindicationofhowserioustheharmcould be. SSOW Amethodofworkdesignedtoeliminatehazards,wherepossibleandto ensurethattheworkisperformedinasafemanner. SafetyPhrase ThestandardphrasesdefinedinEH40andusedintheclassification, packaging,labellingandprovisionofinformationonhazardoussubstances. SFARP SoFarAsReasonablyPracticable. Statutelaw Theformal,writtenlawofacountryorstate. TWA Usuallycalculatedasan8hourTWA.Anaveragevalueofexposureover thecourseofan8hourshift.

15 15 Vicarious Liability Anemployercanbefoundtobevicariouslyliablefornegligentactsor omissionsbytheiremployeeinthecourseoftheiremploymentwhetheror notsuchactoromissionwasspecificallyauthorisedbytheemployer. Volentinonfit injuria Latinfor'toawillingperson,noinjuryisdone.'Thisdoctrineholdsthata personwhoknowinglyandwillinglyputshimselfinadangeroussituation cannotsueforanyresultinginjuries. Workplace ExposureLimit Alimitontheexposuretohazardoussubstances,establishedbytheHSE ineh40.definedasalongqtermexposurelimit(overan8hourreference period)andashortqtermexposurelimit(overa15minutereference period).generallymeasuredinppmormg/m3. WRULD WorkRelatedUpperLimbDisorder

16 06# Produce a policy and safe working plan BV#Associates#Limited:# Extract#only:# # # # Organise and train workforce Risk Assessment Implement safe systems Review performance Learn from lessons Measure performance Investigate incidents and near misses

17 Regulation 3 Risk Assessment Designed by Chris Vincent BV Associates Limited Regulation 4 Principles of Prevention 05 Assessment of risks to employees & others. Suitable & sufficient by a competent person. Special risk (pregnant, lone worker young persons). Take appropriate action as identified. Written record (5 or more) of significant risks Suitable & sufficient Procedure to identify significant hazards & risks, who might be harmed, identify, prioritise & implement controls, remain valid for a reasonable time Competent person Training, knowledge, skills, experience of task/equipment/situation being assessed & the risk assessment process, recognise own limitations. Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Regulation 15 Temporary Workers Every employer shall provide comprehensible information on any specialist skills & health surveillance required before starting work. Regulations 16,17,18 New and expectant mothers If notified in writing of pregnancy, birth within 6 months or breast-feeding, must complete Risk Assessment. Alter working conditions if feasible. Where an employer implements and preventative and protective measures he shall do so on the basis of the principles set below: avoid risk evaluate those which cannot be avoided combat at source adapt work to the individual adapt to technology replace the dangerous with non-dangerous or less dangerous develop overall prevention policy priority to collective protective measures give appropriate instruction to employees. Regulation 19 Protection of young persons Left school but under 18. Employer must complete a Risk Assessment to protect from lack of experience, maturity and absence of awareness of potential risks. Must not employ young persons beyond their physical or mental capacity, or work involving harmful exposure to radiation, harmful agents, toxic or carcinogenic agents, or risks from extreme heat, cold, noise or vibration. Regulation 5 Health and Safety Arrangements Preventative & protective measures must be: Planned, organised, controlled, monitored & reviewed, recorded (5 or more). Regulation 6 Health Surveillance Every employer shall ensure that his employees are provided with such health surveillance as is appropriate having regards to the risks to their health and safety which are identified by assessment. Regulation 7 Health and Safety Assistance Appoint one or more competent persons to advise & assist. Make arrangement for co-operation between them. Information, time & means to fulfil functions. Competent person within employers employment preferred, not essential. Regulation 13 Capabilities and Training Regulation 11 Co-operation and co-ordination Regulation 9 Contact with external services Regulation 8: Procedures for serious and imminent danger and for danger areas Employees are to provide adequate health and safety training. Training to be repeated periodically/adapt to new risk and take place during work. Regulation 14 Employees duties Employees must use any machinery, equipment, dangerous substance, transport equipment, means of production or safety device in accordance with training & instructions given. They must inform employer of serious or imminent danger and shortcomings in H&S arrangements Where two or more employers share a workplace they shall: Co-operate with each other. Co-ordinate their activities. Inform each other of their risks Regulation 12 Persons working in host employers or self employed persons undertakings Every employer shall provide information on: Risks to health and safety. Every Employer shall ensure that any necessary contacts with external services are arranged, particularly as regards first aid, emergency medical care and rescue work. Regulation 10 Information for employees Every employer shall provide employees information on: Risks to their health and safety. Preventive and protective measures. Risks to children. Establish procedures to be followed. Nominate competent persons to implement those procedures. Restrict access to danger areas on health and safety grounds unless adequate information has been issued to employees concerned. Persons who are exposed to serious danger to be informed of the nature of the hazard and control measures. Enable persons to take the appropriate action to stop work and proceed to a place of safety. Prevent persons from restarting work except in special circumstances

18 Risk Assessment 07 GENERAL A RA involves identifying the hazards present in any working environment or arising out of commercial & work activities, and evaluating the extent of the risks involved, taking into account existing precautions & their effectiveness. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS HASAWA 1974 S2, S3 Reg 3 Management of H&S at Work Regs 1999 Specific Assessments: Hazardous substances (COSHH 2002), DSE workstations (H&S DSE Regs 1992), Manual Handling (Manual Handling Operations Regs 1992), Fire (Fire Precautions (Workplace)) Regs 1997, First Aid Provision (H&S (First Aid)) Regs 1981, PPE suitability (PPE at Work Regs 1992), Young Persons (MHSWR 1999), New & Expectant Mothers (MHSWR 1999). CRITERIA Suitable & Sufficient - RA to be appropriate to the work & risks involved; identify all significant hazards & risks and account of people affected; identify & prioritise controls required; controls should be reasonable, should enable legislative compliance & result in remaining risk being low. RA should remain valid for reasonable period of time. Competent Person - person with sufficient Knowledge Attributes (skills) Training Experience & knowledge of their own Limitations DEFINITIONS Hazard - something with the potential to cause harm Risk - the likelihood that the hazard will cause harm in the circumstances. Combination of the likelihood of an incident occurring & the severity of the outcome Control Measure - an item, procedure or system introduced to eliminate or reduce risk METHODS Hazard Identification - PEET - People, Environment, Equipment, Tasks 1. Observation of workplace & work activities e.g. job safety analysis. 2. Document inspection e.g. maintenance records, test certificates, legislation, ACOPs, GNs, accident investigation reports, previous inspection reports etc. 3. Questioning workers & supervisors. Who might be harmed? - Consider workers, other employees, maintenance staff, cleaners, contractors, visitors, and vulnerable people. How many? Type of person - young, elderly, children, disabled, new & expectant mothers, pre-existing medical conditions, shift workers, lone workers etc. How might they be harmed? - routine & non-routine activities. RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS 1. Identify hazards 2. Identify who might be harmed and how 3. Evaluate the risks Estimate adequacy of existing controls Likelihood of incident occurring Severity of potential consequences Recommend further action - elimination or control 4. Record assessment 5. Review and monitor RISK RATING Risk Rating = Likelihood X Severity Likelihood - estimated frequency of occurrence. influenced by No. & type of people exposed to hazard, how often & by the workplace conditions e.g. light, space etc. Severity - estimated probable outcome of the incident. Influenced by No. & type of people affected, level of energy & other factors e.g. concentration & toxicity of hazardous substances. MONITORING Check that conditions remain unchanged; controls are available adequate & being used. CONDITIONS FOR REVIEW New equipment, technology, premises, personnel, type of personnel, legislation or best practice. If new information on H&S risks becomes available. After an incident or enforcement action. If the results of monitoring, audit, health surveillance suggest review is necessary. Also review periodically to ensure RA remains valid. CONTROLS HIERARCHY Eliminate Substitute Isolate/Segregate Safe systems of work Warning systems IIT&S PPE Safe Place controls Safe Person controls BENEFITS OF RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME Prevention of accidents, incidents, ill health & their associated costs. Legal compliance. Reduction in claims & complaints. Reduced insurance premiums. Allows financial planning of progressive risk reduction measures. Involvement of staff in process encourages consultation, increases hazard awareness and ownership & contributes to positive H&S culture. May also increase quality standards, efficiency & productivity. Courtesy of Jane Riley

19 03 Civil And Criminal Law (Courtesy of Dave West) Crown Court HSE EHO CPS Punishment of Guilty Magistrates Court Beyond all Reasonable Doubt Statute Law Instigator of Action Remedy Sought CRIMINAL LAW Burden Of Proof Source of Law Civil Law The Aggrieved person Compensation Balance of Probabilities Common law For Injury Loss Damage Caused Small Claims Set By Precedence County Court High Court