Technical workshop. On the margins of the forty-seventh session of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation 7 November 2017

Transcription

1 Technical wrkshp On the margins f the frty-seventh sessin f the Subsidiary Bdy fr Implementatin 7 Nvember 2017 Jan Sawe, Frank Rauch, Juleka Rajah, Daniele Viletti, Laura Lpez UNFCCC secretariat

2 Increasing flexibility f the funds in the Trust Fund fr Supplementary Activities 2

3 Overview f the Trust Fund fr Supplementary Activities The Trust Fund fr Supplementary Activities (TFSA) is financed frm vluntary cntributins The TSFA is becming a larger prprtin f the ttal funding in relatin t cre: frm 35% in t 48% in EURO 000 % f ttal / / / / /19 Supplementary Cre 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2010/ / / / /19 Grwth f TFSA in relatin t cre budget funds 2010 t 2018/19 (prjected) 3

4 Earmarking: Experience by ther United Natins entities Many UN entities receive supplementary funding Cre funding has been largely static acrss the UN; supplementary funding has ften been increasing Gvernment austerity measures, financial crises limit cre funding and lead t unfunded mandated activities Whatever the name, sme supplementary funding is flexible while mst is earmarked t sme degree Earmarked cntributins Nn-cre Directed multi-lateral cntributins Other resurces Vluntary Cntributins - specified Special Purpse funds Extra-budgetary resurces Prject and emergency appeals Technical Cperatin funds Frm a reprt prepared fr the United Natins Department f Ecnmic and Scial Affairs fr the 2016 Quadrennial Cmprehensive Plicy Review 4

5 OECD* analysis f earmarked funds Advantages Disadvantages Can allw expansin f activities when cre funding is static Can prvide increased accuntability, transparency and visibility Can imprve ability f dnrs t accunt t citizens and stakehlders Limits flexibility t distribute resurces Increases transactin csts due t negtiating additinal agreements, prducing separate reprts Reduces ability t plan due t inherent unpredictability Leads t a shrt-term planning fcus, start-stp peratins, subptimal executin, especially in absence f multi-year funding * OECD Making earmarked funding mre effective: Current practices and way frward. Reprt number 1. Available at 5

6 Hw are funds raised under the TFSA? Resurce requirements and mandated activities presented in the Prgramme Budget dcuments are the basis fr fundraising Executive Secretary sends annual fundraising letters t Parties Requests are based n ttal supplementary requirements less any available funding carried frward. Parties liaise with secretariat t determine amunts and allcatins f cntributins Additinal resurce mbilizatin effrts are directed t varius stakehlders including fundatins, private cmpanies and ther UN agencies and nn-state actrs Cntributins fr t TFSA by type f cntributr as at 5 sept % 93% Parties Nn-Party cntributrs 6

7 Ways t increase flexibility Fundraising letter requests Upn prject cmpletin Steps taken by the secretariat Additinal ptins Pled funding General cntributins 7

8 Steps taken by the secretariat t increase flexibility Secretariat steps Fundraising Letter Pled funding Upn prject cmpletin General cntributins The Executive Secretary s annual fundraising letter encurages Parties t prvide funding in line with their funding channels, either t specific prjects, r as a general cntributin t the TFSA Upn prject cmpletin, if use f unspent balances has nt been specified, the secretariat requests apprval t apply the balance t existing prgramme pririties Fundraising Letter Pled funding Upn prject cmpletin General cntributins Additinal ptins Parties culd identify brad crss-cutting thematic areas f wrk, e.g. the transparency regime Wuld allw thematic wrk t be viewed hlistically acrss prgramme structure, enhancing internal cherence Allws strategic priritizatin by the COP and efficient management f resurces by the secretariat Des nt eliminate earmarking but des increase flexibility within a defined pl Increase the share f general cntributins: give the secretariat flexibility t assign resurces t mandated activities 8

9 Cnclusin Like ther United Natins entities, the UNFCCC requires funding that is predictable, sustainable and flexible in rder t effectively deliver mandated wrk. The secretariat welcmes the discussin by Parties n explring ways and means t ensure that mandated activities are apprpriately funded and mandated utputs effectively delivered. Predictable, sustainable and flexible funding TFSA Mandated wrk, delivered 9

10 Ways t address utstanding cntributins t the cre budget 10

11 Why utstanding indicative cntributins need t be addressed (1/2) 8.00 Outstanding Indicative Cntributins Against the Cre UNFCCC budget as at 31 December f each year (EURO M) Arrears Current Year 11

12 Why utstanding indicative cntributins need t be addressed (2/2) The prprtin f utstanding cntributins by the end f each budget year has mre than tripled frm 4 per cent in 2007 t 13 per cent in Outstanding indicative cre budget cntributins fr the current year (Cnventin, KP) in percent f ttal as at 31 December f each year ( ) 18% 16% 16% 14% 13% 13% 12% 10% 10% 9% 8% 6% 4% 4% 4% 3% 6% 5% 2% 0% % utstanding f ttal cntributins Trend f utstanding cntributins 12

13 Eur Current situatin 133 Parties have utstanding cntributins fr 2017 and prir years as at 31 August Ttal utstanding cntributins amunted t: clse t 10 millin in mid ,000,000 Cumulative cntributins fr 2016 versus cumulative expenditures by the end f each mnth (in eur) 25,000,000 Shrtfall 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 Cumulative cntributins received fr 2016 by the end f each mnth Cumulative expenditures by the end f each mnth 0 Mnth * Includes cntributins received in 2015 fr

14 Prmting timely payment Ntificatin, reminders, regular engagement Incentives Punitive measures Peer pressure 14

15 Ntificatin, reminders, regular engagement Ntificatin, reminders, regular engagement Punitive measures Incentives Peer pressure The secretariat ntifies Parties at least 90 days befre payment is due n January 1 f each year Since January 2017, the secretariat als sends quarterly reminders In 2017 the number f Parties that had paid in full by 1 January increased frm 15 t 18 Ntificatin, reminders, regular engagement Punitive measures Incentives Peer pressure Payment plans: devised jintly t supprt gradual payment within a Party s ability Supprt prgrammes: a Party able t d s culd supprt ne r mre thers directly t reduce their arrears Prvisins wuld need t be develped and adpted t guide such incentives 15

16 Punitive measure (example f the United Natins General Assembly) Ntificatin, reminders, regular engagement Punitive measures Incentives Peer pressure UN General Assembly applies article 19: if arrears equal r exceed the amunt f the cntributins due fr the preceding tw full years, the Member has n vte Hwever, the General Assembly may permit a Member t vte if failure t pay is beynd its cntrl Such actin may be seen as running cunter t the principle f inclusiveness f UNFCCC? Ntificatin, reminders, regular engagement Punitive measures Incentives Peer pressure In sme UN entities, parties encurage each ther t settle utstanding cntributins Sme gverning bdy Presidents actively engage with Parties in writing Sending ntificatin letters t encurage them t make gd their cntributins. And t ffer an pprtunity t enter arrangements t retain vting rights despite punitive measures; this allws them t be included in prcesses whilst clearing utstanding cntributins 16

17 The level f the wrking capital reserve 17

18 The wrking capital reserve: purpse and design Purpse f a wrking capital reserve: T guarantee financial liquidity and ensure cntinuity f peratins in the event f a temprary shrtfall f cash T cmpensate fr uneven cash flws f incme and expenditure: timing issues. The wrking capital reserve under the Trust Fund fr the Cre Budget f the UNFCCC: Is designed t cver a cash shrtfall that may arise if cntributins t the cre budget are utstanding Was established per the financial prcedures cntained in the annex t decisin 15/CP.1, thrugh cntributins frm the Parties Was maintained at the level f 8.3 percent f annual ttal expenditure (equivalent t ne mnth f perating requirements) by the budget decisins taken by the COP Shuld be restred as sn as pssible after drawdwns Is replenished when arears are paid. N new funds are needed fr replenishment if arrears are paid. 18

19 Prjecting the apprpriate level f the wrking capital reserve T prject the apprpriate level f the wrking capital reserve, tw factrs are needed: 1. Cash receipts frm incme fr the time perid 2. Cash requirements t cver prjected expenditure fr the time perid. If cash required is greater than available, a reserve is needed t cver the gap. Cash receipts Cash required If negative, = Wrking capital reserve drawdwn The secretariat estimates cash requirements based n the UNFCCC cre budget: Abut 70% relates t salaries and is relatively steady each mnth Activity csts vary mre, based n the timing f relevant activities By the end f the year, implementatin rate f the cre budget is clse t 100, whilst the cash received fr the year in 2016 was nly 87% 19

20 Hw utstanding indicative cntributins affect the wrking capital reserve The prprtin f utstanding cntributins by the end f each budget year has mre than tripled frm 4 per cent in 2007 t 13 per cent in As the level f utstanding indicative cntributins increases the secretariat needs t draw mre frequently n the wrking capital reserve. The cash received t replenish the WCR frm payment f arrears is nt sufficient t fully cver the WCR used 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 4% Outstanding cntributins f ttal indicative cre budget cntributins (Cnventin, KP) in percent 4% 3% as at 31 December f each year ( ) 6% 5% 10% 13% 16% Shrtfall greater than level f the wrking capital reserve % 13% % utstanding f ttal cntributins Mandated level f the perating reserve 20

21 Jan-12 Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12 Jan-13 Apr-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Declining and erratic cash levels: A lng term trend and its impact n the current budget implementatin Cash levels vary significantly in the curse f the year as a result f late cntributins and arrears n the ne hand and a certain expenditure fluctuatin. The lng term trend in cash levels is dwnward. Risk that prgrammes will have t delay activities until cash flw permits expenditure. In the last quarter f the year, the cash insufficiency is mre prnunced and as a result a cmplete budget implementatin might nt be pssible Cash Levels Cre Budget UNFCCC Jan Dec cash levels Trend f cash levels 21

22 A wrking capital reserve f nly ne mnth s equivalent expenditure des nt prvide a sufficient buffer fr the current situatin verview % f budget Implementatin as at end f 2016 Share f budget received by end f December Deficit = required drawdwn f wrking capital Wrking capital reserve level Excess f requirements ver reserve 27m 99% % - 3.2m -11.6% 2.3m 8.3% - 0.9m - 3.3% 22

23 Next steps Pssible actins t ensure that the secretariat can deliver in accrdance with the apprved budget are: a) Increase the level f the wrking capital reserve frm 8.3% f the apprved annual budget t 12% per cent, with a view t increasing it t 15% in line with mst ther UN entities. b) Cntinue t wrk twards mre timely payment f indicative cntributins t reduce the need t use the reserve c) Parties t indicate the timing f the payment f their cntributins t allw mre effective prjectins f cash flw and better management f issues 23

24 Summary discussin Next steps 24

25 Next steps summary: discussin and input frm Parties Trust Fund fr Supplementary Activities Cnsider pled funding by theme; general cntributins t the TFSA. Outstanding indicative cntributins Parties may wish t draw frm their experiences with ther entities, as this is a prevalent issue in many UN entities. Cnsideratin may be given t increased reminders, incentives, punitive measures, peer pressure The secretariat cunts n the supprt f the Parties t address this imprtant issue Wrking capital reserve Cnsider an increase in the level f the reserve t 12%, then 15%. Imprve timely payment f indicative cntributins, and parties ntificatin f timing t the secretariat. 25

26 Discussin, Questins and Answers 26

27 The allcatin f resurces in the Trust Fund fr the Cre Budget f the UNFCCC and the Trust Fund fr Supplementary Activities 27

28 Cntext Resurces under the cre budget and supplementary resurces represent majr streams f incme fr wrk mandated by Parties Cre budget funded frm indicative cntributins; supplementary resurces funded frm vluntary cntributins Prprtin f supplementary resurces increased significantly; estimated resurce requirements fr supplementary funding at level similar t cre budget A grwing bdy f imprtant wrk mandated by Parties cvered increasingly by supplementary resurces due t limitatins n cre budget resurces. 28

29 Brad principles fr allcatin CORE Cre secretariat structure: e.g. executive and senir management psitins, cre legal services, administratin, cre infrmatin and cmmunicatins technlgy infrastructure and services, basic external cmmunicatins infrastructure and services. SUPPLEMENTARY Critical functins f cntinuing nature: e.g. supprt t intergvernmental prcess; activities mandated by gverning bdies t facilitate implementatin f the Cnventin, KP and PA, e.g. cnduct f reviews and technical analyses, cmpilatin and management f greenhuse gas and cuntry data; key supprt functins re finance, technlgy, capacity-building and adaptatin, supprt t sme meetings f cnstituted bdies Scalable wrk elements and thse respnding t specific, time-bund mandates: e.g. secretariat supprt t the wrk f ad hc wrking grups and sessins held utside the regular calendar f meetings; meetings f cnstituted bdies in additin t a baseline number agreed t by Parties fr funding thrugh the cre; supprt t technical examinatin prcess, etc. 29

30 Challenges Pressure n cre budget + Supplementary funding increasingly earmarked fr specific activities Sme cntinuus mandated activities depend ver-prprtinally n supplementary resurces, incl. technical supprt t adaptatin, finance, technlgy, capacity-building and mitigatin Cre resurces insufficient t cver basic services infrastructure Risk: critical activities in supprt f mandates frm Parties d nt have dependable, lngterm funding 30

31 Way frward Cmprehensive review in 2018 f principles and practice f allcatin f cre and supplementary resurces. Objectives: a) Achieve mre sustainable allcatin f resurces between activities funded frm cre and frm supplementary resurces b) Imprve balance f cre-funded activities acrss majr wrk streams c) Prvide a clearer definitin f the minimum structure and functins t be funded frm cre d) Review mandated activities, streamline where pssible, and determine apprpriate and sustainable mde f funding e) Enhance cst-effectiveness f secretariat peratins; maximize use f cre budget. Pr-active, pen and transparent cnsultatins with Parties n utcmes f the review and implicatins fr the allcatin f resurces in future Results f review t flw int preparatin f prgramme budget

32 Trust Fund fr Participatin in the UNFCCC Prcess

33 Backgrund The Trust Fund supprts the participatin f representatives: f develping cuntry Parties, in particular the LDCs and SIDs and ther ecnmies in transitin, in the sessins f the Cnference f the Parties (COP) and its subsidiary bdies The Trust Fund is als used t finance the participatin f: representatives f eligible Parties in intersessinal meetings f the Bureau f the Cnventin bdies; Bureau members in cnsultatins r fficial meetings relating t the UNFCCC prcess; Chairs f the negtiating grups f the Grup f 77 and China, the LDCs and SIDs and the African Grup t attend the sessins under the Cnventin; and All eligible Parties in the preparatry meetings f the negtiating grups 33

34 Eligibility Criteria The eligibility criterin t gain access t the resurces f the Trust Fund is based n a measure f Parties Grss Dmestic Prduct (GDP) per head as an indicatr f their need f supprt The criterin used t determine eligibility ver the last 20 years is based n the GDP per capita f each Party Currently, the Trust Fund prvides financial supprt t Parties with a GDP per capita incme f less than USD 14,000 Fr SIDs, the threshld is higher - USD 18,000 GDP statistics are prvided by the United Natins Cnference n Trade and Develpment (UNCTAD) 34

35 Advantages f Using GDP Per Capita Incme f Parties Enables the administratin f funds applicability t be clear and cnsistent Prvides bjectivity t the selectin prcess, in particular when statistics cme frm recgnized glbal institutin GDP indicatr prvides a clear distinctin between cntributrs t the Trust Fund and funded Parties 35

36 Management f the Trust Fund fr Participatin in the UNFCCC Prcess The Trust Fund is under the administratin f the UNFCCC Executive Secretary Subject t availability f financial resurces: The secretariat prvides financial supprt t ne delegate frm each Party eligible fr funding, plus an additinal delegate fr SIDs and LDCs t attend the sessins f the subsidiary bdies The secretariat prvides financial supprt t tw delegates frm each Party eligible fr funding, plus an additinal delegate fr SIDs and LDCs t attend the sessins f the Cnference f the Parties 36

37 Discussin, Questins and Answers 37