RURAL LOCAL BODY FINANCES AND SOCIO- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RAIGAD DISTRICT

Transcription

1 379 Chapter V RURAL LOCAL BODY FINANCES AND SOCIO- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RAIGAD DISTRICT 5.1 Introduction In India and Maharashtra too, have a large number of villages and large number of population living in the rural areas. The main aim of the rural government policy is to develop the undeveloped villages.they need to provide adequate infrastructure to a respectable quality of life and attitudes that foster cooperative and creative patterns of human interaction. For improving quality of life of rural masses, it was essential to go beyond the income-related factors such as prices, production, and productivity to a range of non-income factors that influence quality of life and hence inclusiveness of rural development. Elimination of poverty, ignorance, diseases and inequality of opportunities and providing a better and higher quality of life were the basic premises upon which all the plans and blueprints of development were built. Rural development and improving the quality of life in rural areas has been in force in our planning and developmental strategies all along. Rabindra Nath Tagore when he said that the status of Mother India has been reduced to that of maid servant, due to draining of resources from villages to cities. Gandhiji maintained that the blood of the villages is the cement with which the edifice of the cities is built. I want this blood that is today inflating the arteries of the cities to run once again in the blood vessels of the village, His plea was for radical decentralization and liberation of the villages from exploitation. The village is the fundamental unit for the development of our country and the State, because the root has to be strong for the growth of the tree. 1 Rural Development is a multidimensional process. Development related to time, place, and circumstance. Rural development implies both the economic betterment of people as well as greater social transformation. Building up rural local bodies to empower the people, Socio-economic development was needed. Rural local bodies help to achieve development in the rural areas in terms of literacy and education, reduction in the poverty,

2 38 supply of drinking water, health and family welfare, women and child development, rural roads, agriculture, minor irrigation, forests, and infrastructural facilities, social justice and empowerment. Social Development refers to an approach to social welfare, which offers an effective response to current social problems. Social development supported of poor disadvantaged groups, eliminating inequalities in social indicators, promoting gender equality and women s empowerment. Economic development was involving improvements in human well-being. Economic development cannot be divorced from the other aspects of development. Rural development means development of infrastructure. Rural development must constitute a major part of development strategy if a larger segment of those in greatest need are to benefit. 2 Do not have adequate income, meager employment opportunities coupled with endemic illiteracy and ignorance. Land under cultivation is not only diminishing but also gets fragmented in uneconomic holdings, economy degraded infrastructure facilities don t match with the growth of rural population. In addition, rural labour is unorganized. The apathy of the villagers is accentuated by the social and deep-rooted cast hierarchy.. in this direction, rural development is the core of development of our country and is a continuous process. 3 The village becomes the locus of development innovations precisely because it is supposedly tied to a traditional culture that does not support innovative efforts. 4 Based on the recommendation of the Bongirwar Committee and Patil Committee, most district level schemes have been transferred to the Zilla Parishads. Their activities as envisaged by the 73 rd amendment are given in the Schedules I and II of the Zilla Parishad Act and the Schedule I of the Village Panchayat Act. As many as 234 schemes have been transferred fully to the Zilla Parishads, which include those relating to education, public health, family welfare, water supply and sanitation, etc. The Zilla Parishads can also undertake the execution of government development works and schemes on an agency basis under the Zilla Parishad and Panchayat Samiti Act. Forty-four schemes have been transferred to the Zilla Parishads on an agency basis for which 3 percent and now raised to 5 percent agency charges are

3 381 given to them for implementing these schemes which cover employment guarantee, natural calamities, arts and culture, rural development programme, medical and health, general education, family planning, crop development, MLA fund, and social security and welfare. Most of the schemes dealing with development programmes at the district level such as agriculture, animal husbandry, primary and secondary education, drinking water supply, health and sanitation, primary health canters, women and child development, biogas and improved chulhs have also been transferred to the Panchayati Raj Bodies. 5 There is a realization that development is a social as well as an economic process. If this interrelationship is not taken into account, material advances may be accompanied by loss of social cohesion, insecurity, delinquency, mental stress and other social ills. 6 Article 243G of the Constitution, which now governs the entrustment of functions to the PRIs makes it clear that the primary role of the Panchayats will be in the area of development. 7 Rural local bodies in Raigad district play a vital role in social and economic development of Raigad district. The present chapter deals with Rural Body Finances and Socio-economic Development of Raigad District. This study has made at attempt to first of all to analyze financing social and economic development with total revenue and capital expenditure by Raigad Zilla Parishad and Village Panchayats. Later on, the study has made an attempt to analyze the development in physical terms related to social and economic development by rural local bodies in Raigad district. 5.2 Financing Socio-economic Development by Raigad Zilla Parishad Total expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on social and economic development Raigad Zilla Parishad is established on 1 st May It has 186 total members, which includes 62 members from Raigad Zilla Parishad and 124 members from Panchayat Samitis. Since establishment, it works for socio-economic development of Raigad District.

4 Table No. 5.1 Total Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on Social and Economic Development (Rs. In lakh) Year Building and Communication (27) (9.3) (26) (29) (18) (22) (28) (21) (16.81) (22) (27) (24) (26) (23) Economic Expenditure Social Expenditure Irrigation (19) (21) Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Forest Economic Expenditure (46) 72.5 (48) (33) (41) (43) (28) (22) (37) (37) 85.7 (44) (22) (24) (31) (27) (34) (36) (33) (34) (31) Administration Education Public Health Social Welfare Miscellaneous Social Expenditure (19) 32.8 (18) (18) (18) (15) (15) (24) (27) CGR (26) (15) (18) (15) (26) (16) (15) (19) (37) 13.7 (15) (18) (21) (22) (31) (15) 84 (22) (16) (19) (22) (23) (18) (21) (37) (38) (32) (29) (26) (36) (31) (16) (54) 77.9 (52) (67) (59) (57) (72) (78) (63) (63) (56) (78) (76) (69) (73) (66) (64) (67) (66) (69) Total Expenditure Note: Figures in bracket indicate the percentage to total. Source: Budgetary Documents of Raigad Zilla Parishad

5 383 Graph No. 5.1 : Revenue Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on Economic Development Rs. in Lakh Years Building and Communication Irrigation Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Forest Economic Expenditure Graph No. 5.2 : Revenue Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on Social Development Rs. in Lakh Years Administration Education Public Health Social Welfare Miscellaneous Social Expenditure Table No. 5.1 shows Total Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on social and economic development. Total Expenditure is divided in economic development expenditure and social development expenditure both includes revenue and capital expenditure. Buildings and communication; Irrigation, agriculture, animal husbandry, forest are economic development expenditure

6 384 and administration, education, public health, social welfare, miscellaneous are heads of social development expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad. In 2 years of study, total expenditure was increased at 2% compound growth rates. It increased during to i.e. from Rs lakh minimum to Rs lakh. It was maximum of Rs in Average total expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad was of lakh. Social development expenditure was prominent than the economic development expenditure in the total expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad. Expenditure on social development grew at the compound growth rate i.e. 22 percent. Average Social development expenditure was of lakh; it fluctuated between Rs lakh (54%) in to Rs lakh (66%) in In the study period, social welfare expenditure was a major head of total expenditure during the study period. In , it was minimum of Rs.9.27 lakh and its share in total expenditure was only 6 percent. It was highest in 29-1 of Rs lakh, its share in expenditure stood at 36 percent. The average social expenditure was of lakh during 2 yeas period. The compound growth rate was highest which grew at 29 percent CGR. Public health expenditure was minimum in 21-2 of Rs lakh and its share in total expenditure was only 4 percent. It was highest in 28-9 of Rs lakh. Its share in expenditure was 31 percent. The average public health expenditure was of Rs lakh in 2 years. The compound growth rate was 23 percent during the period under study. Administration Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad, Alibag increased at higher rate of 12 percent compound growth rate. Average Administration expenditure was of Rs lakh, which fluctuated between Rs lakh (3%) in and Rs (3%) in In Raigad District 283 Primary schools are being run with students (29-1). There are 48 Balwadis in of education department district. Raigad Zilla Parishad is implementing Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. Averagely

7 385 expenses on education was of Rs lakh. It fluctuated between of Rs lakh (4%) in to Rs lakh (4%) in The compound growth rate of education expenditure was 16 percent. Miscellaneous expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad, Alibag increased at rate 16 percent compound growth rate. Average Miscellaneous expenditure was of Rs lakh, which fluctuated between Rs. 9.5 lakh (9%) in and Rs (9%) in Averagely, expenses on economic development was Rs lakh. It fluctuated between Rs lakh (33%) in to Rs lakh (34%) in The compound growth rate of economic development expenditure was 18 percent. Agriculture, animal husbandry and forest expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad in study period increased compound growth rate of 19 percent. In , it was minimum of Rs lakh and in 29-1; it was maximum of Rs.26.9 lakh (5%). Average Agriculture, animal husbandry and forest expenditure was of Rs lakh during the study period. Expenditure on irrigation showed compound growth rate i. e. 12 percent. Average irrigation was of lakh; it fluctuated between of Rs. 2.9 lakh (2%) in to Rs lakh (3%) in 29-1 and also. Administration expenditure was more homogenous (SD )) than irrigation expenditure (SD ), education expenditure (SD ), agriculture, animal husbandry, forest expenditure (SD ), miscellaneous (SD ), public health (SD ), buildings and communication (SD ) and social welfare expenditure (SD ). So, higher variations were observed in social welfare expenditure. In aggregate, economic development expenditure (SD ) was more similar than social development expenditure (SD ). All items of total expenditure were higher degree positively correlated. i. e. Buildings and communication (.993); social development expenditure (.991), education expenditure (.976), agriculture, animal husbandry, forest expenditure (.964), miscellaneous expenditure (.953), public health

8 386 expenditure (.95), Irrigation expenditure (.925) and administration expenditure (.97). Social development expenditure (.999) was nearly unitary correlated than economic development expenditure (997) to total expenditure. Effect of total expenditure on social welfare (Beta.333) expenditures was high degree positive than public health expenditure (Beta.223) and other sub expenditures. Effect of total expenditure on social development expenditure (Beta.671) was high 5.2 Revenue Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on social and economic development. Raigad Zilla Parishad has given more importance to Social Development than Economic Development, is a salient feature. Social Welfare and Public Health are prominent items of social development by the Zilla Parishad. Building and Communication is a prominent item of economic development by this Zilla Parishad. Education, Irrigation, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry did not get due attention.

9 Revenue Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on Social and Economic Development Table No. 5.2 Revenue Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on Social and Economic Development (Rs. In lakh) Year Building and Communication (12.7) (23.3) (1.8) 7.31 (5.9) 2.79 (13.9) (16.8) (1.1) (23.8) (14.8) 27.8 (23.3) (13.6) (12.4) (21.8) 67.2 (11.2) (7.4) (1.4) (5.6) (12.8) 82 (4.4) Economic Expenditure Social Expenditure Irrigation (24) (28) (33) (18) 22.6 (19) Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Forest Economic Expenditure (29) 35.6 (46) (23) (42) (51) (34) 46.3 (22) (46) (38) (46) (22) (18) (35) (26) (24) (23) (24) 293 (16) Administration Education Public Health Social Welfare Miscellaneous Social Expenditure (18) (23) (19) (24) (23) (45) (28) (31) (18) (26) (25) (29) (42) 6.53 (26) 5.85 (24) (31) (55) 13.7 (28) (32) 42.8 (43) (42) (58) (33) 83 (44) (15) (18) (22) (29) (24) (16) (44) (18) (71) (54) (77) (58) (49) (66) (78) (54) (62) (54) (78) (82) (65) (74) (76) (77) (83) (76) (84) Revenue Expenditure CGR Note: Figures in bracket indicate the percentage to total. Source: Budgetary Documents of Raigad Zilla Parishad

10 388 Graph No. 5.3 : Capitl Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on Economic Development Rs. in Lakh Years Building and Communication Irrigation Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Forest Economic Expenditure Graph No. 5.4 : Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on Social Development Rs. in Lakh Years Administration Education Public Health Social Welfare Miscellaneous Social Expenditure Table No. 5.2 shows the data of Revenue expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on social and economic development, during the period to The data indicates that economic development expenditure on buildings and communication expenditure, agriculture, animal husbandry and forest expenditure, irrigation expenditure and social development expenditure on public health expenditure; social welfare expenditure, administration expenditure, and education expenditure, miscellaneous expenditure had

11 389 increasing trends so the revenue expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad was increasing during in study period. Social Development Expenditure A) Public Health Revenue Expenditure Public Health Revenue Expenditure is being spent on following expenditure by Raigad Zilla Parishad - 1) Rural Water Supply and Village Water Supply Wells 2) Primary Health Centers 3) Control of Communicable Diseases 4) Public Health Measures 5) Others Public health revenue expenditure was minimum in 21-2 of Rs lakh (6%) and maximum in 28-9 of Rs lakh (58%). The average Public health revenue expenditure was of Rs lakh during study period. Its compound growth rate was 23 percent in the same period. B) Social Welfare Revenue Expenditure During twenty years of study period, compound growth rate of Expenditure on social development was 22 percent. Averagely it was Rs lakh during study period. It fluctuated between Rs lakh (71%) in to Rs lakh (84%) in Revenue Expenditure on social development was relatively higher in all respect. Broadly, Revenue Expenditure includes following expenditure items. 1) Educational Development of BCs 2) Economic Development of BC 3) Programme for Welfare of BCs 4) Woman Social Welfare 5) Child 6) Other Community Development 7) Welfare of Handicapped Social Welfare Revenue Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad, Alibag increased at relatively top rate of 29 percent compound growth rate. Average social welfare revenue expenditure was of Rs lakh, this

12 39 fluctuated between Rs lakh (6%) in and Rs lakh (3%) in C) Education Revenue Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad Revenue Expenditure on Education includes following expenditure items by Raigad Zilla Parishad. 1) Co-curricular Activities and Sport 2) Exhibition and Competition Expenditure 3) Expenditure Provision on Equipments 4) Scholarship and Aid to Students 5) Expenditure on Awards Honors 6) Other Education Expenditure Revenue Expenditure on Education was growing good at 27 percent compound growth rate. It was averagely of Rs lakh during study period. It was minimum of Rs..64 lakh (1%) in and maximum of Rs lakh (3%) in D) Administration Revenue Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad Administration Revenue Expenditure includes following expenses: 1) Allowances 2) General administration. Administration revenue expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad, Alibag increased at higher rate 16 percent compound growth rate. Average Administration revenue expenditure was of Rs lakh, which fluctuated between Rs..23 lakh (%) in and Rs (4%) in E) Miscellaneous Revenue Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad Miscellaneous revenue expenditure includes following expenditure by Raigad Zilla Parishad: Expenditure on interest includes interest on administration buildings, housing construction and other loan. It was welcoming diminishing in initial fourteen years of all study period. Expenditure for Raigad Fort and holy places includes Found for Raigad worship, Shivaji Maharaj royal installation (rajayabhishek) function at Raigad fort, Tanaji Malusare memorial (smarak) at Umarath, Raigad circumambulation (pradakshana), Drums betting (vadan) at Harihareshwar, Decoration of Shiddhivinayak temple at Kegav, Tal. Uran,

13 391 area decoration of Shanteshwar temple at Navinsheva (Tal Uran), Survey of holy places etc. A compound growth rate of miscellaneous revenue expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad was 13 percent. Averagely it was Rs lakh during study period. It fluctuated between 4.79 lakh (5%) in and 29-1 to Rs lakh (6%). Economic Development Expenditure In aggregate, Economic Development Expenditure fluctuated between Rs lakh (29%) in to Rs lakh (24%) in Its compound growth rate was 16 percent. Averagely it was Rs lakh during study period. a) Buildings and Communication Revenue Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad This expenditure consists of : 1) Repairing and Maintenance of Zilla Parishad Administrative Buildings 2) Repairing and Maintenance of Zilla Parishad Other Buildings 3) Tools and Machinery Expenditure and Small Saving Incentive Subsidy Work Buildings and communication revenue expenditure was of amount Rs 7.1 lakh (12.7%) in and maximum of Rs lakh (12.8%) in Average buildings and communication expenditure in study period was Rs lakh, which grew of 16 percent compound growth rate. b) Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Forest Revenue Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad Agriculture, animal husbandry, forest revenue expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad was on following items: 1) Expenditure on Distribution of Improved Seeds 2) Other Agriculture Expenditure 3) Veterinary Aid Centers 4) Dairy Development

14 392 5) Other Veterinary Aid Centers and Animal Husbandry Averagely, agriculture, animal husbandry, forest revenue expenditure spent by Raigad Zilla Parishad was Rs lakh. It fluctuated between Rs lakh (4%) in to Rs lakh (7%) in Compound growth rate was 22 percent during total study period. C) Irrigation Revenue Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad Revenue Expenditure on Irrigation is alienated into 1) Repairs and maintains of lake (Gav tale), 2) Repairs and maintains of water supply (irrigation) and trickling lake, 3) Expenditure on banding repair and maintains (kharip and other) and other. Revenue expenditure on irrigation fluctuated between Rs lakh (2%) in to Rs lakh (5%) in This expenditure has compound growth rate of 11 percent. Averagely it was Rs lakh during study period. Administration expenditure has small degree of standard deviation means high degree of uniformity (SD ) of a series. It was more unitary than education expenditure (SD ), irrigation expenditure (SD ), miscellaneous expenditure (SD ), buildings and communication expenditure (SD ), agriculture, animal husbandry and forest expenditure (SD ), social welfare expenditure (SD ), expenditure on public health expenditure (SD ). Standard deviation of social development expenditure (SD ) has more uniformity than economic development expenditure (SD ). Revenue expenditure (SD ) has relatively more variations. Relationship measured by correlation between various variables. All variables were high degree positively correlated to revenue expenditure. Correlation between social welfare as well as public health (.965) expenditure and total expenditure was high degree positive. Correlation of agriculture, animal husbandry, forest expenditure (.961), education expenditure (.942), miscellaneous (.932), administration expenditure (.98), irrigation expenditure (.851), buildings and communication (.833) to revenue expenditure has high degree positive. Correlation between social development expenditure (.998),

15 393 economic development expenditure (.956) and revenue expenditure were high degree positive. Effect of revenue expenditure on public health (Beta.458) and social welfare (Beta.285) was positive. Effect of revenue expenditure on social development expenditure (Beta.817) was high degree positive and economic development expenditure (Beta.194) was positive. Revenue Expenditure analysis reveals that Raigad Zilla Parishad gave importance to social welfare, which was followed by Public Health, during the period under study. In economic development, Buildings & Communication got a lion's share. Consequently, and other items of social and economic development did not get much importance, is a thing of consideration.

16 Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on Social and Economic Development Table 5.3 Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on Social and Economic Development Year Building and Communication (45) (37) (41) (47) (32) (35) (15) (15) (18) (36) (45) (45) (37) 768 (41) Irrigation Economic Expenditure Social Expenditure Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Forest 7.65 (18) Economic Expenditure (69) (51) (45) 52.7 (59) (43) (35) 3.3 (23) 3.8 (23) (23) (36) (23) 5.32 (36) (27) (28) (44) (51) (51) (42) (47) Administration Education Public Health Social Welfare Miscellaneous Social Expenditure (22) (22) (18) (25) (33) CGR (25) (21) (28) (41) (28) 25.1 (32) (45) (54) (49) (42) (35) (38) (32) (18) (15) (27) (31) 36.6 (49) 3.95 (55) (41) (57) (65) 12.8 (77) (77) (77) (64) (77) 9.9 (64) (73) (72) (56) 5.58 (49) (49) (58) (53) Capital Expenditure Note: Figures in bracket indicate the percentage to total. Source: Budgetary Documents of Raigad Zilla Parishad

17 395 Capital expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on social and economic development is presented in Table No Capital expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad on social and economic development has increased from Rs lakh (1%) in to Rs lakh (1%) in In 21-11, it was Rs On an average, during twenty years, capital expenditure was Rs lakh. Capital expenditure has increased at 2 percent Compound growth rate during study period. Capital expenditure is composed of social economic development expenditure and economic development expenditure. It includes social development expenditure as public health, administration, education, social welfare, miscellaneous and economic development expenditure on Irrigation; agriculture, animal husbandry, forest and Buildings and communication. Social Development Expenditure During twenty years of study period, compound growth rate of capital Expenditure on social development was 22 percent. Averagely it was Rs lakh during study period. It fluctuated between Rs lakh (31%) in to Rs lakh (58%) in Revenue Expenditure on social development was relatively higher in all respect. Social Welfare Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad Social Welfare Capital Expenditure includes expenditure on Educational development of BCs, economic development of BCs, Samaj Mandir and other, woman, child, other community development, and welfare of handicapped. 1) Educational Development on BCs 2) Economic Development of BCs 3) Samaj Mandir and Others 4) Women 5) Child Development 6) Other Community Development 7) Welfare of Handicapped

18 396 Social welfare capital expenditure was minimum in of Rs..29 lakh (5%), and it was maximum in Rs. 7. lakh (4%) in It was averagely of Rs lakh and the growth rate was 21 percent. This expenditure was spent in last 1 years of total study period. Administration Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad The data of Administration Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad indicates that expenditure on 1) vehicles for office (ZP and PS) and 2) furniture expenditure for office bearer, president. Administration capital expenditure was minimum in of Rs lakh (8%) and maximum in 29-1 and of Rs lakh (3%). The average Administration capital expenditure was of Rs lakh in study period. Its compound growth rate was 11 percent in the same period. Education Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad Capital Expenditure on Education includes expenditure for construction and school tools expenditure. 1) Constructions Expenditure 2) Schools Tools Expenditure Averagely Capital expenditure on education was Rs lakh. It fluctuated between of 2.46 lakh in 23-4 (2%) to Rs. 88. lakh (4%) in Its Compound growth was 28 percent Public Health Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad Public health capital expenditure includes as follows: 1) Expenditure for Construction and Borewell 2) Furniture, rack and bad Purchase Expenditure Averagely Public Health Capital Expenditure was of Rs lakh. It fluctuated between of Rs..1(%) in 21-2 to Rs. 8.6 lakh (1%) in The compound growth rate of Public health capital expenditure was relatively low at 8 percent in 15 years out of total study period.

19 397 Miscellaneous Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad Miscellaneous Capital Expenditure includes Area development, construction and other expenditure, village panchayat department expenditure, finance department expenditure, other capital expenditure. 1) Area Development 2) Construction and Other Expenditure 3) Village Panchayat Department Expenditure 4) Finance Department Expenditure 5) Other Capital Expenditure Miscellaneous Capital Expenditure fluctuated from Rs..97 lakh in to Rs lakh in However, its compound growth rate was 2 percent. Average miscellaneous capital expenditure was Rs lakh during study period. Economic Development Expenditure Averagely Economic Development Expenditure spent was of Rs lakh. It fluctuated between of Rs lakh (23%) in 22-3 to Rs lakh (42%) in Its compound growth rate of total grant was 2 percent. Buildings and Communication Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad Buildings and Communication Capital Expenditure includes of construction, maintenance and repairs of village roads expenditure, Bridge and culverts on village roads expenditure, other road construction expenditure, Construction of buildings, other buildings of ZP expenditure, and other capital expenditure. 1) Construction, Maintenance and Repairs of Village Roads Expenditure 2) Bridge and Culverts on Village Roads Expenditure 3) Other Road Construction Expenditure 4) Construction of Buildings 5) Other Buildings of ZP Expenditure 6) Other Capital Expenditure

20 398 Averagely Buildings and Communication Capital Expenditure spent by Zilla Parishad was of Rs lakh. It fluctuated between Rs lakh (15%) in 22-3 to Rs lakh (37%) in The compound growth rate of total grant was 21 percent. Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Forest Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad This Capital Expenditure includes expenditure on establishment and maintenance of godowns, distribution of fertilizers, agricultural implements, veterinary aid centers and dairy development, forest capital expenditure. 1) Establishment and Maintenance of Godowns 2) Distribution of Fertilizers, Agricultural Implements 3) Veterinary Aid Centers and Dairy Development 4) Forest Capital Expenditure Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Forest Capital Expenditure changed between of Rs lakh (3%) in to Rs lakh (3%) in Its compound growth rate was 16 percent. Averagely agriculture, animal husbandry, forest capital expenditure was of Rs lakh. Irrigation Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad Irrigation Capital Expenditure of Raigad Zilla Parishad includes expenditure on Public health tap water supply and well repair, Minor irrigation buildings construction. 1) Public Health Tap Water Supply and Well Repairs : In the last seven years of total study period, expenditure on public health, tap water supply and well repairs was a part in Irrigation capital expenditure. 2) Expenditure on Minor Irrigation Buildings Construction : Compound growth rate of Irrigation Capital Expenditure was at 16 percent. Averagely it was Rs.14.4 lakh during study period. It fluctuated between of.52 lakh (1%) in to 48. lakh (3%) in

21 399 Public Health Capital Expenditure (SD ) was more homogenous (SD.758) than irrigation capital expenditure (SD ); administration capital expenditure (SD ), agriculture, animal husbandry, forest capital expenditure (SD ) education capital expenditure (SD ), miscellaneous capital expenditure (SD ) social welfare capital expenditure (SD ),Buildings and communication capital expenditure (SD ) capital expenditure (SD ). Capital expenditure had high difference. There had relatively more variations in social development expenditure (SD ) than economic development expenditure (SD ). All factors were positively correlated. Instead of public health expenditure (.45) other factors was of high degree positively correlated to capital expenditure i.e. social welfare (.99), buildings and communication (.989), miscellaneous expenditure (.957), agriculture, animal husbandry and forest expenditure (.948), irrigation expenditure (.92), education expenditure (.883), administration expenditure (.879). Social development expenditure (.957) and economic development expenditure (.883) were high degree positive correlated to capital expenditure. Effect of capital expenditure on buildings and communication expenditure (Beta.412) and social welfare expenditure (Beta.383) was relatively high degree positive and other factors of capital expenditure were low degree positive. Effect of capital expenditure on Social development expenditure (Beta.542) was high degree positive than economic development expenditure (Beta.464). Raigad Zilla Parishad in its Capital Account operating gave importance to social development than the economic development. This is an indicator of its commitment to social development. In Total Capital Expenditure on social development, this Zilla Parishad gave priority to social welfare during the study period. So far as Capital Expenditure on economic development is concerned, this Zilla Parishad devoted to the development of Building & Communication infrastructure.

22 4 5.3 Expenditure of Village Panchayats on Social and Economic Development Panchayati Raj, greater and greater emphasis is being placed on the development functions of Gram Panchayats, which include agriculture, animal husbandry, cooperation, minor irrigation, village industries, primary education, local communications, sanitation health and local amenities, etc. Besides, there are enabling provisions in the various Acts which authorize the Government to give more functions to the Village Panchayats. 9 The Ashok Mehta Committee reporting on the review of PRIs observed that the Gram Panchayats in different States. are usually without adequate resources to function as per the expectations of the people." 1

23 Total Expenditure of Thal Village Panchayat on Social and Economic Development Table No. 5.4 Total Expenditure of Thal Village Panchayat on Social and Economic Development Years Building And Communication (22) 2.5 (32) 2 16 (52) (22) (36) (48) (16) (25) (15) (25) Economic Expenditure Social Expenditure Development Work (52) (23) (37) (34) 2.42 Others Economic Expenditure (23) 1.7 (22) 2.91 (37) 2.77 (18) (54) 21.1 (43) (69) 9.2 (26) 1.55 (24) (41) 5.91 (52) (25) (52) (28) (15) (39) Water Supply (28) (35) (16) Administrative Expenditure (15) (19) (16) (23) Public Health And Sanitation (18) (31) Street Lighting Education And Public Welfare 1.42 (26) 1.78 (23) 1.79 (23) 1.83 (23) 4.3 (26) (28) (26) (32) (29) 17.9 (23) 2.21 Public Utility Work And Other Expenditure 1.58 (28) 2.12 (28) 1.21 (16) (16) (15) (24) 18.9 Total Social Expenditure CGR (26) 35.9 (16) (19) (66) (51) (83) 5.87 (77) 6.4 (78) 4.92 (63) (82) 14.9 (46) (57) (31) (74) (76) (88) (59) (48) (75) 8.6 (48) (93) (72) (85) (61) Total Expenditure Note: Figures in bracket indicate the percentage to total. Source: Budgetary Documents of Thal Village Panchayat in Alibag Panchayat Samiti

24 42 Table No. 5.4 explains that Total Expenditure on Social and Economic Development of Thal Village Panchayat in Alibag Panchayat Samiti has increased from Rs lakh in to Rs lakh in In 21-11, it was Rs lakh. On an average, during twenty years, total expenditure was Rs lakh. Total Expenditure has increased at 21 percent Compound growth rate during study period. Social Development Expenditure Social Development Expenditure was minimum in of Rs lakh (83 %) and it was maximum of Rs lakh (93%) in Average Social Development Expenditure was of Rs lakh during the study period. Its compound growth rate was 21 percent. Compound growth rate of public utility work and other expenditure was 19 percent. Averagely it was Rs lakh during twenty years. Public utility work and other expenditure fluctuated between Rs..13 lakh (%) in and Rs lakh (66%) in 26-7 in study period. Functions relating to primary schools, upper primary schools and non-formal education have been given to Village Panchayats. Education and public welfare expenditure was growing at 2 percent compound growth rate. It was averagely of Rs lakh during study period. It was minimum of Rs lakh (26%) in and of maximum Rs lakh (16%) in Administration Expenditure was minimum in of Rs..64 and its share in total expenditure was 11 percent. It was highest in of Rs lakh, its share in total expenditure was 23 percent. Administration expenditure was of Rs lakh in 2 years. The compound growth rate was 23 percent. When Panchayats diverted a substantial part of their revenue on administrative expenditures, they could hardly allocate to other important items. 11 Compound growth rate of expenditure on water supply was 25 percent. Averagely it was Rs lakh during twenty year. Water supply expenditure fluctuated between Rs..1 lakh (2%) in and Rs. 38. lakh (12%) in 26-7 in study period.

25 43 All the village-level functions related to medical, health and family welfare are being performed under the full control of Village Panchayats. Public health and sanitation expenditure was Rs. 5.3 lakh on as average, during study period. Its growth rate was 19 percent. In , Public health and sanitation expenditure was minimum of Rs..4 lakh (1%) and in , it was maximum of Rs lakh (31%) in Street light expenditure was growing at 16 percent compound growth rate. It was averagely of Rs lakh during study period. It was minimum of Rs..2 lakh (4%) in and of maximum Rs. 1. lakh (5%) in Economic Development Expenditure Compound growth rate of economic development expenditure was 21 percent. Averagely it was Rs lakh during twenty year. Economic development expenditure fluctuated between Rs..96 lakh (17%) in and Rs lakh (52%) in 25-6 in study period. Buildings and communication expenditure was a part of total expenditure. Buildings and communication expenditure was Rs lakh on as average, during study period. In , it was Rs..81 lakh (13%) and it rose to Rs lakh (25%) in Its growth rate was 23 percent. In , buildings and communication expenditure was minimum of Rs..3 lakh (4%) and in 29-1, it was maximum of Rs lakh (43%). Development work expenditure was minimum in of Rs..3 lakh (4 %) and it was maximum of Rs lakh (34%) in Average development work expenditure was of Rs lakh during the study period. Its compound growth rate was 21 percent. Other Expenditure was minimum in 22-3 of Rs..4 lakh ( %) and it was maximum of Rs. 2.5 lakh (2%) in Average other expenditure was of Rs..88 lakh during the study period. Its compound growth rate was 45 percent.

26 44 Administration Expenditure (SD 1.236) of Thal Village Panchayat had more uniformity than education and public welfare expenditure (SD ), buildings and communication expenditure (SD ), development work expenditure (SD 2.263), street light expenditure (SD ), public utility work and other expenditure (SD ), public health and sanitation expenditure (SD ), other expenditure (SD 7.144), water supply expenditure (SD ). Economic development expenditure of Thal Village Panchayat had more uniformity (SD ) than social development expenditure (SD ). Water Supply Expenditure (.846), public utility work and other expenditure (.815), education and public welfare expenditure (.756), administration expenditure (.742), street light expenditure (.576), buildings and communication expenditure (.515) were high degree positively correlated to total expenditure than public health and sanitation expenditure (.474), development work expenditure (.488), other expenditure (.272). Both, social development expenditure (.962) and economic development expenditure (.66) were high degree correlated to total expenditure. Effect on total expenditure of public utility work and other expenditure (Beta.62) was high degree positive than development work expenditure (Beta.227), buildings and communication expenditure (Beta.157), education and public welfare expenditure (Beta.132), administration expenditure (Beta.117), water supply expenditure (Beta.112) and other factors. Effect on total expenditure of social development expenditure (Beta.854) was high degree positive than economic development expenditure (Beta.294). Total Expenditure of Thal Village Panchayat on development reveals that it paid increased attention towards the social development than the economic development. In social development a priority was given to Public Utility Works by this Zilla Parishad than other items. But in economic development, development of Building & Communication is the priority given item of economic development during the period under study.

27 Revenue expenditure of Thal Village Panchayat on Social and Economic Development Year Building an Communication (22) 2.5 (34) 2 16 (53) 2 (41) 8.34 (34) 7.57 (23) (38) (22) (26) (15) (29) Table No. 5.5 Revenue expenditure of Thal Village Panchayat on Social and Economic Development Economic Expenditure Social Expenditure Economic Expenditure Water Supply (22) 2.5 (34) 2 16 (53) 2 (41) 8.34 (34) 7.57 (23) (38) (22) (26) (15) (29) (21) (29) (37) (15) 23 6 (29) Administrative Expenditure (16) (15) (25) (27) Public Health and Sanitation (23) (33) Lighting Education and Public Welfare 1.42 (27) 1.78 (24) 1.79 (23) 1.83 (25) 4.3 (28) 4.38 (15) (36) (28) (34) (26) 2.21 Public Utility Work and Other Expenditure (29) 1.21 (16) (26) 18.9 (18) Social Expenditure CGR (27) 35.9 (16) 24.5 (19) (23) (67) (51) (88) (78) 4.92 (66) (86) 14.9 (47) (59) (66) (77) (99) (94) (62) (83) 8.6 (78) (95) (74) (85) (91) (71) Revenue Expenditure Note: Figures in bracket indicate the percentage to total. Source: Budgetary Documents of Thal Village Panchayat in Alibag Panchayat Samiti

28 46 Table No. 5.5 shows the data of Revenue expenditure of Thal Village Panchayat on social and economic development, during the period to The data indicates that economic development expenditure and social development expenditure had increasing trends so the revenue expenditure of Thal Village Panchayat was increasing during in study period. Social Development Expenditure Social Development Expenditure was higher with respect to economic development expenditure in the revenue expenditure of Thal Village Panchayat. Expenditure on social development had significant compound growth rate i. e. 21 percent. Average Social development expenditure was of 6.87 lakh; it fluctuated between of Rs lakh (88%) in to Rs lakh (95%) in 26-7.social development expenditure of Thal Village Panchayat is as follows: Public Utility Work and Other Expenditure This is a major part of expenditure of social development expenditure. It includes agriculture, fisheries & animal husbandry, maintenance of tractor, diesel, conservation of forest, tree plantation etc. Public utility work and other revenue expenditure was minimum in of Rs..13 lakh (%) and maximum in 26-7 of Rs lakh (67%). The average public health revenue expenditure was of Rs lakh in study period. Its compound growth rate was 19 percent in the same period. Education and Public Welfare This expenditure includes education, anganwadi, library, social and cultural work, public/social (women-child) welfare, aid to handicapped persons, expenditure on backward class (15%). During twenty years of study period, compound growth rate of revenue expenditure on education and public welfare was 2 percent. Averagely it was Rs lakh during study period. It fluctuated between Rs lakh (27%) in to Rs lakh (16%) in 28-9.