The Holistic Approach to cope with Disasters -The Japanese Experience -

Transcription

1 Towards a Nation-wide Movement for Disaster Reduction Corporate Participation in Disaster Reduction February 2006 by Satoru Nishikawa Cabinet Office, Government of Japan Japan s long tradition of dealing with natural disasters 416 August, Yamato-Kochi Earthquake The first written record of Earthquake in Japan within Nihonshoki the first official history book of Japan, edited in 8 th century. 684 November, by Hakuho-Nankai Tonankai Earthquake (Estimate Magnitude: 8.2-3) The first written record of Earthquake Tsunami in Japan within NIHONSHOKI the first official history book of Japan, edited in 8th century. Most dreadful things historically in Japan for children 1. earthquakes, 2. lightning/thunder, 3. fire, 4. father Jishin Kaminari Kaji Oyaji Traditional UKIYOE drawing after 1855 October Ansei-Edo Earthquake 1 Edo (Old name of Tokyo) citizens beating the legendary Catfish Monster which was believed to cause earthquake 1

2 Two Epoch-Making Turning Points for Disaster Reduction in Modern Japan 1959 Ise Wan Typhoon Institutional Mechanism for Disaster Reduction 1961 Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act 1995 Hanshin Awaji(Kobe) Earthquake Quicker Information Gathering Mechanism Need for Ensuring Building Safety The Holistic Approach to cope with Disasters -The Japanese Experience - (persons) 6062 The number of casualties and the missing in natural disasters in Japan Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake 6481 Ise-wan Typhoon (year) Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act 1961 Central Disaster Management Council chaired by the Prime Minister (National Platform for DRR) National Coordinating Body with all relevant Ministers & Japanese Red Cross, Public Broadcasting, Telecom Company & other Semi-Public Sectors Annual Gov t Official Report on Disaster Countermeasures The Cabinet must officially report the disaster countermeasures to the National Diet Formulation of National Basic Disaster Management Plan for Disaster Prevention The Disaster Management Operation Plan (Sectoral) The Local Disaster Management Plan Designation of Disaster Prevention Day Public Awareness Programs 2

3 0 Involvement of semi-public Private Sectors Electricity, Gas, Telecom Companies Railway and Bus Companies Broadcasting Companies [ Designated Public Organs for Disaster Management ] -Continued- Investment for Disaster Prevention Flood Control & Land Conservation, Forest Conservation Meteorological Observation Mt. Fuji Rader Site, Meteo-Sats Emergency Telecommunication Systems Great Success in decreasing Typhoon & Flood Casualties Number of Death/Missing By Weather-related Disasters in Japan number of dead 5,169 5,000 4,000 3,000 Ise-wan Typhoon in ,000 1, Regional Planning -Social Infrastructure Works -Agriculture & Forestry -Health & Sanitation -Environment Meteorology Hydrology Seismology Volcanology Civil Protection & Relief National Coordinating Bodies Scientific & Engineering Research Local Gov ts, Communities, Mass Media, NGOs People 3

4 Japanese Habit When We Feel an Earthquake SHAKE SWITCH ON TV NHK (Japan s Public Broadcasting) TV Screen Image showing Seismic Intensity by Miyagi-ken Earthquake on 26 July 2003 within 5 minutes after the Earthquake with/without Tsunami Warnings Integral Part of Tsunami EWS Kobe Earthquake 6,433 deaths Direct loss : 5,520 Relevant loss : % immediately killed by building collapse surgeon general s report Prevention & Mitigation Preparedness Ensure Building Safety! Public Awareness Disaster Manager s Proper Action 4

5 Case of Miyagi-ken Earthquake Reduced 1978/06/ /05/ /08/16 Magnitude : 7.4 Magnitude : 7.0 Focal depth : 40 km Max. JMA seismic intensity : 5 Deaths : 28 (of which 18 were caused by crashed concrete block wall) Injured persons : 1,325 Collapsed houses : 1,183 Half-collapsed houses : 5,574 Partly damaged houses : 60,124 Focal depth : 71km Max. JMA seismic Max. JMA seismic intensity : 6 lower intensity : 6 lower Deaths : 0 Deaths : 0 Injured persons : 174 Collapsed houses : 2 Half-collapsed houses : 21 Partly damaged houses : 2,342 Magnitude : 7.2 Focal depth : 72km Injured persons : 91 Collapsed houses : 1 Half-collapsed houses : 0 Partly damaged houses : 856 Case of Miyagi-ken Earthquake 1978/06/12 Crashed concrete block wall Pancake -collapsed building Case of Miyagi-ken Earthquake 2003/05/26 Fallen outside wall Cluttered room 5

6 Case of Miyagi-ken Earthquake 2005/08/16 Fallen ceiling The role of housing & real-estate estate industries The role of consumers to appreciate the added value & price for earthquake-safe houses in securing building safety Newspaper Advertisement of New Housing Strong, Healthy and High Quality! This construction method showed its strength in case of Kobe Earthquake None of this type suffered total or half collapse 6

7 Advertisement of Apartment Flats This apartment has seismic isolation structures One of the 4 important sales points! The Challenges Ahead in Japan How can we decrease casualties by possible Earthquakes! - Retrofit / Rebuild old existing houses & buildings - Affix furniture and adhere protective films on old windows - Encourage companies to make their own contingency plans etc. How can we decrease casualties by possible Tsunamis! - Distribute Tsunami Hazard Maps - Disseminate Tsunami Warning effectively - Ensure that people run immediately to safe place etc. How can we further decrease casualties by Typhoons & Floods! - Effective advance evacuation warnings for elderly & disabled - Distribute Flood Hazard Maps etc. Possible large-scale earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan Tokyo Inland EQ Tokai EQ Tonankai & Nankai EQ Japan Trench & Chishima Trench EQs 7

8 A Nation-Wide Movement for Disaster Reduction Actions Self-help Mutual-help Public-help Initiate a Nation-Wide Movement for Disaster Reduction Actions to protect own lives and properties aimed at building the resilience of our nation and communities to disasters How Involving various local groups in disaster reduction Community Groups Junior Chamber of Commerce Chapters Parent & Teachers Associations Local Shop Unions Providing Various Opportunities for Disaster Prevention Education in Elementary & Secondary Schools at Social Education Facilities & Public Libraries Involving the Corporate (Business) Sector Disaster Reduction Activitiesies of Corporate Sector Why are they necessary Where are people working during the daytime Kobe Earthquake in 1995 Before dawn in Monday Niigata Earthquake in 2004 Saturday Evening Fukuoka Earthquake in 2005 Sunday Morning What if they had occurred during the working hour Who should secure safe places for employees and customers Corporate Citizenship: as a member of community Business Continuity is essential for corporations. Lack of smooth provision of goods/services causes economic loss. Without quick business restart, they are forced to leave market. 8

9 Examples of Business Discontinuity Niigata Earthquake in October 2004 Shutdown of an electronic company posed serious damage on regional employment. Two confectionery companies restarted their business at early stage, and their revival helped the revival of the region. Fukuoka Earthquake in March 2005 A lot of broken glass fell down to the ground from an old office building. What if it had occurred in daytime of a weekday Tokyo Earthquake in July 2005 Stops of and confinement in many elevators led to confusion. Lack of Business Continuity Planning of elevator service companies Business Continuity Planning 3) Continue the Operation at the higher level than Minimum Level of Operation 100% Before Disaster Estimated Recovery Curve without BCP Recovery Curve with BCP After (Initial Response& BCP Activity) Target Permissible 2) Recover the Operation Level within Permissible Timeline. Recovery Target Minimum Capacity 1) Time Gap Time Cabinet Office Report on Guidelines for Corporate Disaster Reduction 1. Business Continuity Guideline 2. Checklist for Business Continuity Guideline Aug Sample models of Business Continuity Plan 4. List of the issues for self-evaluation regarding Corporate Disaster Reduction Activities 5. Reports for public relations about Corporate Disaster Reduction Activities 9

10 DBJ low interest loan for well-prepared companies BCP Support Loan by Shiga Bank Low interest loan for companies who will receive Risk Assessment Consulting Service Practical Disaster Drills Conducted by Tokyo Electric Power is also a key participant in disaster drills organized by the national and regional governments, which help the Company to build stronger ties with the communities it serves. 10

11 Microchip-controlled controlled Meter by For all household Safety mechanism triggered by earthquake stronger than JMA 5 scale will automatically shut down gas supply Customers can safely & easily restore gas supply Will detected any gas leakage Children s Disaster Awareness Workshop by evacuation drills for injured water bucket relays fire extinguisher drills microchip-controlled meter Glass Power Campaign by Promoting Protective Application( Earthquake Typhoon Resistant) of Laminated Glass Public donations of Laminated Glass for schools to protect evacuated people in disasters Web-based based One-Click donations Demonstration of Laminated Glass in schools & official events 11

12 Daikin Soka Factory & Neighboring 5 Comunities (4 050) mutual cooperation for local festivals mutual disaster preparedness agreements Exploration for Disaster Prevention programme developed by the General Insurance Association of Japan Children to explore their towns and communities Find facilities that can be used for disaster prevention Collate their experiences in a disaster prevention map National Platform for BC A Specified Non-Profit Japanese Corporation Business Continuity Advancement Organization (BCAO) : B3 TEL: FAX: E: bc@bcao.org :www. bcao. org : NPO 115 TEL: FAX:

13 Proverb by Japanese Physics Scientist Dr. Torahiko TERADA ( ) 1935) Natural Disasters will hit us by the Time people have forgotten about it How to foster & inherit the Culture of Prevention Thank You 13