YAH: OMBI LA KUFANYA MASOM O KW A VITENDO KWA USHIRIKIANO NA KlKUNDl CHAK O (CBO).

Transcription

1 MKAMA SAMSON YOHANA, CHUO CHA MAENDELEO YA JAMII NA UFUNDI - MISSUNGW I S. L. P. 2799, MWANZA. 9/10/2005 KATIBU, KIKUND! CHA KIUCHUMI USHIRIKIANO, (CBO), S. L. P. MISUNGWI - MWANZA.. YAH: OMBI LA KUFANYA MASOM O KW A VITENDO KWA USHIRIKIANO NA KlKUNDl CHAK O (CBO). Tafadhali rejea mad a tajwa hap o juu. Mimi n i mwanafunzi w a Shahada ya Uzamili katik a fan i ya maendeleo n a uchumi w a Jamii M.Sc (Community Economi c Development). Koz i hi i inaendeshw a n a Chu o Kiku u ch a Southern Ne w Hamphine Universit y cha Marekani kwa ushirikiano n a Chuo Kikuu huri a cha Tanzania. Moja y a vigez o muhim u katik a kuhitim u Koz i hiy o n i kufany a masom o kw a vitend o ambap o mwanafunzi hupasw a kushirikian a n a kukund i a u Taasis i moj a y a kijami i n a kuisaidi a katik a kuhakikisha kuw a kikund i hich o kinaendesh a shughul i zak e kiuchumi. Kw a upand e w a mwanachuo baad a ya muda w a miezi 18 ya Koz i hiyo anapasw a kuandik a taarif a (Dissertat.on ) ambayo huwakilishwa kw a uongozi wa chuo na kusahihishwa kish a kupewa makisi. Baada y a kutembele a uongoz i w a kijij i n a Halmashaur i y a Wilaya, kikund i chak o ndich o kilichopata bahat i ya kuchaguliwa kushirikian a nami. Kwa baru a hi i nawasilish a omb i rasm i l a kushirikian a nany i wakat i w a masom o yang u kw a vitendo kuanzi a Septemba Jun e Natanguliza shukrani. Mkama S. Yohana Mwanafunzi

2 USHIRIKIANO CBO COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESMEN T Community needs were raised through participator y method s that involved all CBO members and some other ke y stakeholders especially those from the district council. A lis t of questions/guided questionnaire was prepared and used to collec t needs. Also focused group discussions and face-to-face interactions wit h CBO members and other relevant stakeholder s including village and district council leaders. A numbe r of needs were raised but the ran k size rule was used to get the mos t priority ones'as listed below chronologically. 1. T o obtai n alternativ e source s o f incom e an d financ e t o increas e th e business working capital. 2. T o b e traine d o n entrepreneurshi p skil l an d knowledg e s o as t o improv e their busines s operations and finally generate more profits. 3. T o have a permanent sit e and shelter to base their business. 4. T o be trained o n entrepreneurship skill s and knowledge. 5. T o ge t assistanc e o n the technica l par t o n ho w : o prepar e th e CBO' s constitution. 6. T o get potentia l an d reliable donors to finance the business.

3 USHIRIKIANO CB O ORGANIZATION CHAR T The CB O i s wel l organize d internall y t o ensur e smoot h runnin g o f th e busines s an d shar e responsibilities amon g th e member s wit h les s difficultie s fo r effectiv e an d efficien t operation. There i s a chairperson, Secretary, Treasure r an d th e res t ar e ordinar y members. Th e organizatio n Chart appears as follows : Chairperson Treasurer Secretary Members Source: Interview, 200 5

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7 Ushirikiano CBO member s job descriptions. 1. Chairperson: (i) I s the spokesman of the CB O (ii) Represent s CBO i n outside forums. (iii) Authorise s funds expenditure. (iv) Chair (v) Signator s all official meeting s y to the CBO's commo n account (vi) Participart s in project activities evaluate 2. Secretary : (i) I s the Main executiv e of the daily business activities. (ii) Signator y to CBO's common account (iii) Doe s all correspondences wit h outsider s (iv) Prepare s all work progress reports. (v) Act s as a public relations officer. (vi) Responsibl e to cooperate wit h CED studen t t o prepare CBO' s constitution. (vii) Write s all official meeting s proceedings. 3. Treasurer (i) Keep s all Weekly, monthly premium contributions of CBO member s fo r internal self- * sufficiency financin g strategy. (ii) Make (iii) Bakin s Bank reconciliatio n g and withdraw of funds. (iv) Collaborate s with CED studen t an d district officials t o train other CBO member s t o write primary books of accounts (v) T o Write and provide financial reports to CBO mg t and member s (vi) Responsibl e for loan coveries (vii) T o advise chairperson on financial matters. 4. Common members: (i) Dail (ii) T y operation of business activities o attend all meetings (iii) Contribut e monthly 10,000/= to sustain the busines s (iv) T o select, confirm an d fire CBO leaders. (v) T o aprove common funds an d other resources expenditure. (vi) Participante s in project a ctivities monitoring and evaluation.

8 PROPOSED PROJEC T BUDGE T NO BUDGET CATEGOR Y UNIT COS T NO OF UNIT S AMOUNT SOURCE O F FUNDS. 1. Personnel: 1. Worksho p mediato r 2. Tw o district official s 3. CE D Student. 20,000 10,000 4 day s 4 day s 80,000 80,000 District counci l District counci l 10,000 4 dav s 80,000 Own fundin g Sub - tota l (i) Traveling : Transport fo r facilitator & District Official s (fuel ) (ii) CED Student Daladal a / Tax 1, It s District counci l 2,000 8 trip s 16,000 Own fundin g I Sub tota l Allowances: (i) Village leaders. (ii) Ward executiv e Secretar y (iii) Councilors 10,000 10,000 10,000 4 days x 2 peopl e 4 day s x 2 peopl e 4 days x 2 80,000 80,000 80,000 District counci l District counci l District counci l 4. Other direc t costs : (i) Venue (ii) Stationerie s (iii) Hand outs (iv) Guest of honor (v) Follow - u p visits, monitoring and evaluatio n (fuel ) 20,000 2,000 1,000 30,000 1,300 4 day s 17 participant s 16 participant s 4 workshop s 15 Its. Sub - tota l 269,500 Grand tota l i 764,500 80,000 34,000 16, ,000 19,500 District counci l District counci l District counci l District counci l District counci l

9 PRESENTING RESEARC H REPOR T Introduction cont.... TITLE OF THE REPOR T. ASSESSMEN T O F THE MAJO R CONTRIBUTING FACTOR S T O POO R PERFORMANCE O F WOME N MICROENTERPRISES ( The case o f Ushirikiano (CBO) in Missungwi Village, Misungwi district. BY : MKAMA SAMSO N Y. Objective No.2 : To sensitize CBO members on the importance and benefits to contribute thei r monthl y premium s as a strategy t o initiate an internal financing strateg y by January.2007 Objective 3: 1. To assist CBO members to secure a permanent site and shelter t o operate thei r bussine e more hygienically and comfortabl e b y June.2007 Introduction Ushirikiano is a registered Communit y Based Organization. I t is composed of twelve members. The area of Operation of its activities is in Misungwi village at Mwembe traffic area. The CBO main activit y i s sellin g fried fish - Tilapia species.. According to the National census 2002 the village have a total population of 12,104 people out of which 6,203 are women and 5,901 men. CBO / COMMUNITY NEED S ASSESSMENT Target Community; Th e target Community is Ushirikiano (CBO) by th e Project. Target group curren t condition ; Business performanc e i s poor and unprofitable. Desired condition : Business organizatio n and operation is improved an d become s sustainable Project Goal ; Introduction Conti.... To ensure the long term profitability and sustainable growth of Ushirikiano women micro enterprise is achieve d Immediate Objectives : Objective No.1: To train at least 1 0 out of 12 CBO members equivalent to 83% on entrepreneurship knowledge and skills by end of June, COMMUNITY NEED S ASSESSMENT. Host Organization: CONT- The hos t organization is Ushirikiano CBO CBNO's/ Communit y need s assessment process; Various participator y method s were used t o identifying Communit y needs. They include; PRA, focuse d group discussions, interviews, and Literature review.

10 COMMUNUNITY NEED S ASSESSMENT. CONT. i T o obtain loan s fo r business 2. To have a written Constitutio n 4. To b e trained o n entrepreneurship skill s 5. To get permanen t sit e fo r thei r busines s Role o f th e autho r i n th e Project : My rol e i s to provid e technica l advice. Literature Revie w Cont POLICY REVIEW : Various policies affecting wome n activitie s negatively an d positively wer e reviewed. Like; Presidential circular No.1. Of a declaration o f Tanzania to b e a country o f cooperative farmer s an d Social Organization S.D.Mtetewa unga, 1982).Gender Policy o f & The nationa l vision2025, MKUKUTA,(2004/05) LITERATURE REVIE W Problem Identificatio n :. THEORETICAL LITERATURE : Variou s documentary source s were reviewed. To include; tex t books, journals, Manuscripts, and internet. To ge t what other s sa y abou t the problem. Literature indicate s that, lack o f reliabl e capital., hinder th e growt h of women SME' s (Fatchamps( 1995), Koch(1990), Kessous and Lessard( 1993). Participatory method s wer e use d t o identif y the researc h Problem. PRA, focused grou p discussion and interviews. Identified Problems were ; Lack o f entrepreneurship skill s Lack o f Capital among wome n Women discrimination t o access loans. LITERATURE REVIE W CONT... 2.EMPERICAL LITERATURE : Included readin g researches done b y othe r people inside Tanzania, Other developin g countries lik e Thailand, USA. The factors explore d i n all cases were th e same by various researchers like; (Ziorkhic an d Senbert ( 1977) th e sam e problem i s explored Hyman, Gupta an d Dayal, (1996).Marjori e Mbiliny i i n Thailand.

11 Hypotheses Tested FINDING AND ANALYSIS: Lac k of capita l and reliable forma credi t institutions contribut e a s stumbling block s growth of women micr o -enterprises. Th e problem o f traditional prejudices, Social discrimination limi t the successful performance o f women micro - enterprises. Lac k of entrepreneurship abilities, growth o f women micro- enterprises. Data analysis: Both qualitative an d descriptive statistics were used t o analyze data and SPS S Findings: Where SPSS wa s used to analyze data t o confirms tha t Lack of capital is the majo r limiting factor t o growth of women micro - enterprises 57.1 % out o f 63 respondent s Methodologies: Findings Continued This survey wa s descriptiv e Sample size an d selection procedures ; A tota l numbe r o f 63 respondents wer e selected through Stratifie d and simple random procedures. The res t 237 othe r methods wer e employed see below. Methods o f dat a collection; Mailed questionnaire, Focused group discussions, and Observations % said that lack of entrepreneurships i s the main problem and 14.3% had th e opinio n that women discrimination i s the majo r problem. This kind o f analysis confirms th e validity o f the tested hypotheses with different weights. Methodologies cont. Findings Cont... Research administratio n Two research assistants were recruite d t o administer questionnaires. Time spent to collect information : It was undertaken fo r one month (Nov - Dec. 2006) Responses collected from 1 2 CBO members only to act as a confirmatory tes t fo r Lack of capital t o be the majo r proble m hinderin g th e CBO busines s.; 9 respondents equivalent t o 75%,

12 Findings Continue d Percentage responses fro m 6 3 people result s 1-4 Member s 30.2 % 5-8 Members 55.5 % Membe r 12.7 % 13-Above 1.6% Total 100 % Monitoring and Evaluatio n Monitoring: Durin g earl y stages of implementation follo w ups were mad e t o see progress o n variou s agreed issues like preparation o f constitution. Secon d monitoring i s planned t o tak e plac e during actua l implementation o f th e planne d activities i n Feb.07 Quarterly, semi- annual and annual monitorin g of implementation status. Project Implementatio n Implementation Continue d Plannin g process: The process of planning i n general was participatory Logical framework wa s used t o determin e Objectives, Outputs, activities, targets, performance indicators, time frame, resources and assigning responsibilities. Quarterly, semi- annual and annual monitorin g of implementation status. Evaluation: It i s planned t o b e participator y i n the sense that it involves interna l an d external Stakeholder s from the distric t counci l I. village Leader s and CBO members. Implementation Continue d Sustainability Activitie s alread y done successfully: Needs assessment, 2 CBO members hav e been traine d o n entrepreneurships, CB O constitution alread y completed an d endorse by concerned authoritie s The long term sustainability o f the Projec t i s guaranteed sinc e members o f th e CBO hav e adopted a n internal sel f financing strateg y b y contributing t o th e general fund account each member Tsh s 10,000/= per month.

13 i Sustainability Continued Recommendations, CONT... Training on entrepreneurships of CBO members on entrepreneurship knowledg e and skills aims to buil d their capacity and empower them fo r improved operations. The Projec t is built on the identifie d needs o f the CBO members therefore i t is likely to b e supported. * Governmen t should undertake a restructurin g program o f all Commercial banks concerned with women development and other forma l financial institutions lik e women developmen t Fund,NMB, & TASAF t o ensure that they play their central role of establishmen t Ther e must b e good and enforced women supportive policy and guidelines. Conclusion Recommendations Continue d Ushirikiano Women Micro-entrepreneurs i n Missungwi village suffers fro m constrains of ; lack o f Capital, entrepreneurship skill s and knowledge, and discrimination which limit s their effectiv e performance. These problems need attention from the CBO itself, Government and other donors. Both local and central government a s well potential available donors interested i n investing i n women micro-enterprise s throug h loans provision, their mai n focus before loans disbursement could be to train women entrepreneurs on business skills.extended family matter s i n relation t o economi c issues. Recommendations. Recommendations Continued Th e sustainability of women entrepreneur s endeavors relies much on their initiative and creativity abilities, that will ensure them with development o f interna l sel f financing strategies like adoption o f monthl y contribution. Sinc e there are no reliable potential donors to women project s i n Misungwi village.lf they are there they hav e no interest i n wome n businesses. Both local and central government a s well potential available donors interested i n investing in women micro-enterprise s throug h loans provision, their mai n focus before loans disbursement could be to train women entrepreneurs on business skills.extended family matter s i n relation t o economi c issues.

14 References 1. Dr. S.S.Temu (Mrs.) Busines s management review Volume 5,December, Ernest Aryeetey; Sect oral credit allocatio n policy and credit flo w of Small Enterprises i n Ghana, ( 1993 ) 3. Rutasobya and Mrs. Miriam I. Nchimbi ; Knowledge Gaps an d priorit y areas for futur e Research, ( Professor, Letticia Kinuda(1987). MAY THE LOR D O F HEAVEN S BLES S EVER Y ON E "AMEN"

15 ANNEX 1 Frequencies Statistics Age ofmarital Education Family SizeNumbe r ofoccupatio n Proble m respondents Status oflevel ofof childre n ofo f experience d Respondent Respondent Respondent respondents Respondent s s s s N Valid Missing Frequency Table Age of respondents Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative Percent Percent Valid , and Above Total Marital Status of Respondents Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative Percent Percent Valid Married Single Separated Widow Total Education Level of Respondent s Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative Percent Percent Valid Primary education. Sec Non Formal Total Family Size of Respondents Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative Percent Percent Valid and l above Total

16 Number of children of respondents Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative Percent Percent Valid and above Total Occupation of Respondents Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative Percent Percent Valid CBO Fis h Fryers Individual Fish Fryers Ex- Fis h Fryers Normal House Wives Total Problem experienced Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative Percent Percent Valid Lack of Capital Women discriminati on Lack of Entrepreneu rships Total

17 Bar Char t Age o f respondent s Age o f respondent s Marital Status of Respondents Marital Statu s o f Respondent s

18 Education Level of Respondents Education Leve l of Respondent s Family Size of Respondents

19 Occupation o f Respondents Individual Fish Frie Norma l Hous e Wives Occupation o f Respondent s 4

20 Problem experience d Women discrimination Problem experience d