Darrell J. Smith Amtrak Director, Service Planning & Costing Washington, DC
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1 PRIIA 209: How Increased State Funding Requirements are Changing Intercity Passenger Rail Darrell J. Smith Amtrak Director, Service Planning & Costing Washington, DC
2 Highlights History of Amtrak State pricing. PRIIA Section 209 Impact on shortdistance corridors. Three different alternatives states are taking to operate within financial constraints.
3 Statutory Evolution of State Supported Services Oct 1970, Rail Passenger Service Act 3 May 1971, Amtrak begins operation 403(b) allows states to fund service beyond the Basic System MA, PA, IL first Dec 1997, Amtrak Reform & Accountability Act 403(b) repealed Amtrak/States individually negotiate contracts for service Oct 2008, PRIIA Oct 2013, PRIIA 209 effective
4 Amtrak-State Services Under 403(b) Established formula for states to share in the Short/Long Term Avoidable Loss. States funded up to 50% of equipment capital. Growth constrained Amtrak resources, states begin finding alternative equipment sources.
5 Amtrak-State Services Between 403(b) and PRIIA 209 No statutory guidance for how Amtrak should charge States. State cost for corridor service varies significantly and is seen as unfair. Legacy Basic System trains evolved into system corridor trains. Issue of equity for States supporting all corridor trains.
6 Amtrak-State Services Between 403(b) and PRIIA 209 Amtrak rolling stock nearing end of life cycle without replacement plans or funds. California, North Carolina, Washington procure rolling stock for Amtrak service.
7 PRIIA 209 Legislation Within 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Amtrak Board of Directors, in consultation with the Secretary, the governors of each relevant State, and the Mayor of the District of Columbia, shall develop and implement a single, nationwide standardized methodology for establishing and allocating the operating and capital costs among the States and Amtrak associated with trains operated on each of the routes described (under 750 route miles outside NEC) that (1) ensures, equal treatment in the provision of like services of all States and groups of States (including the District of Columbia); and (2) allocates to each route the costs incurred only for the benefit of that route and a proportionate share, based upon factors that reasonably reflect relative use, of costs incurred for the common benefit of more than 1 route. 7
8 So What is All the Change About? ABOVE THE RAIL AVOIDABLE COSTS INCREMENTAL COSTS VARIABLE COSTS FIXED COSTS 8 BELOW THE RAIL SUNK COSTS Who pays for each.
9 Amtrak State Supported Services With PRIIA 209 Definition
10 Federal & State Operating Payments FY2010 FY2014
11 State Operating Payments by Route FY2010 FY2014
12 Plus States Pay an Equipment Capital Use Charge Prior to PRIIA 209, states could fund returning wrecked/mothballed Amtrak equipment to service. Only one funded any form of scheduled capital overhauls. With PRIIA 209, states fund pro-rata share of capitalized equipment overhauls. FY2014 states funded approximately $48.5 million.
13 Newport News Richmond Norfolk Hoosier State 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 Ethan Allen Vermonter Maple Leaf Downeaster Springfield Line Keystone Empire Svc Lincoln Svc Hiawatha Wolverine Illini/Saluki IL Zephyr/Sandburg Heartland Flyer Pacific Surfliner Cascades Capitols San Joaquin Adirondack Blue Water River Runner Pennsylvanian Pere Marquette Carolinian Piedmont Lynchburg Annual Train Trips, FY2010 FY2014 Amtrak State Corridor Routes PRIIA 209 effective Oct. 1, 2013
14 2,000,000 4,000,000 6,000,000 8,000,000 10,000,000 12,000,000 14,000,000 0 Ethan Allen Vermonter Maple Leaf Downeaster Springfield Line Keystone Empire Svc Lincoln Svc Hiawatha Wolverine Illini/Saluki IL Zephyr/Sandburg Heartland Flyer Pacific Surfliner Cascades Capitols San Joaquin Adirondack Blue Water Lynchburg Newport News Richmond Norfolk Hoosier State River Runner Pennsylvanian Pere Marquette Carolinian Piedmont Annual Train Miles, FY2010 FY2014 Amtrak State Corridor Routes PRIIA 209 effective Oct. 1, 2013
15 So What Happened with PRIIA 209? Concerns expressed of the increased financial burden on states. NO loss of service. Amtrak operating support shifted from primarily Federal to primarily state. Amtrak learning to manage multiple funding partners. States learning the business, increasing service management role.
16 So Now What? State relationships evolving from questioning the PRIIA 209 methodology and costs to how to improve each service. Approaches vary, largely depending on funding availability. Three different actual examples to date to meet funding levels.
17 Approach 1: Market Based Schedule Change Oregon-funded leg of the Amtrak Cascades, Portland Eugene. Schedule implemented in 2014 did not achieve desired ridership growth. Legislature questioned value of service.
18 Approach 1: Market Based Schedule Change Amtrak and the states evaluated a number of alternative schedules. Have determined that a pattern that maximizes the number of frequencies that operate through between Eugene and Seattle is the best approach.
19 Approach 1: Market Based Schedule Change Alt. 1: Operate Eugene Cascades Frequencies Through to Seattle Southbound Train Name Amtrak Cascades Amtrak Cascades Amtrak Cascades Amtrak Cascades Amtrak Cascades Train Number Normal Days of Operation Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily On Board Service R B C Ba R B C Ba R B C Ba R B C Ba R B C Ba Bi W Bi W Bi W Bi W Bi W Station Mile Vancouver, BC 0.0 PT Dp 6:45 AM 5:50 PM Bellingham, WA 62.3 PT 8:32 AM 7:37 PM Mount Vernon, WA 87.8 PT 9:02 AM 8:07 PM Stanwood, WA 99.1 PT 9:16 AM 8:21 PM Everett, WA PT 9:52 AM 8:59 PM Edmonds, WA PT 10:17 AM 9:24 PM Seattle, WA PT 7:30 AM 11:15 AM 2:00 PM 6:05 PM 10:00 PM Tukwila, WA PT 7:44 AM 11:29 AM 2:14 PM 6:19 PM Tacoma, WA PT 8:13 AM 11:58 AM 2:43 PM 6:48 PM Olympia-Lacey, WA PT 8:50 AM 12:35 PM 3:20 PM 7:25 PM Centralia, WA PT 9:11 AM 12:56 PM 3:41 PM 7:46 PM Kelso-Longview, WA PT 9:52 AM 1:37 PM 4:22 PM 8:27 PM Vancouver, WA PT 10:30 AM 2:15 PM 5:00 PM 9:05 PM Portland, OR PT 11:45 AM 3:05 PM 6:05 PM 9:55 PM Oregon City, OR PT 12:06 PM 6:26 PM Salem, Through OR train vs. 6 AM 395.4local PT 12:52 PM 7:12 PM Albany, OR PT 1:21 PM 7:41 PM Eugene-Springfield, OR PT Ar 2:20 PM 8:40 PM On Board Service Reference Marks: B - Business Class, Ba - Checked Baggage, Bi - Bicycles, C - Café/Lounge, Ca - Cart Service, D - Dining Car, F - First Class, R - Reserved Coach, S - Sleeping Car, U - Unreserved Coach, W - WiFi
20 Approach 1: Market Based Schedule Change Alt. 1: Operate Eugene Cascades Frequencies Through to Seattle Northbound Train Name Amtrak Cascades Amtrak Cascades Amtrak Cascades Amtrak Cascades Amtrak Cascades Train Number Normal Days of Operation Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily On Board Service R B C Ba R B C Ba R B C Ba R B C Ba R B C Ba Bi W Bi W Bi W Bi W Bi W Station Mile Eugene-Springfield, OR 0.0 PT Dp 9:00 AM 4:00 PM Albany, OR 43.6 PT 9:43 AM 4:43 PM Salem, OR Vs :30 PT AM from EUG 10:12 AM 5:12 PM Oregon City, OR PT 10:54 AM 5:54 PM Portland, OR PT 8:20 AM 12:15 PM 2:40 PM 6:50 PM Vancouver, WA PT 8:35 AM 12:30 PM 2:55 PM 7:05 PM Kelso-Longview, WA PT 9:10 AM 1:05 PM 3:30 PM 7:40 PM Centralia, WA PT 9:51 AM 1:46 PM 4:11 PM 8:21 PM Olympia-Lacey, WA PT 10:12 AM 2:07 PM 4:32 PM 8:42 PM Tacoma, WA PT 10:54 AM 2:49 PM 5:14 PM 9:24 PM Tukwila, WA PT 11:22 AM 3:17 PM 5:42 PM 9:52 PM Seattle, WA PT 7:45 AM 12:10 PM 4:05 PM 6:50 PM 10:30 PM Edmonds, WA PT 8:12 AM 7:17 PM Everett, WA PT 8:36 AM 7:42 PM Stanwood, WA PT 9:08 AM 8:14 PM Mount Vernon, WA PT 9:26 AM 8:27 PM Bellingham, WA PT 9:57 AM 9:00 PM Vancouver, BC PT Ar 11:45 AM 10:50 PM On Board Service Reference Marks: B - Business Class, Ba - Checked Baggage, Bi - Bicycles, C - Café/Lounge, Ca - Cart Service, D - Dining Car, F - First Class, R - Reserved Coach, S - Sleeping Car, U - Unreserved Coach, W - WiFi
21 Approach 1: Market Based Schedule Change Oregon is now deciding between two slightly different alternatives. State payment reduction benefit is to both Oregon and Washington, forecast on order of $1.5 $2.3 million annually (base: $27.6 million).
22 Approach 2: Optimize Amtrak Equipment Consist Texas and Oklahoma had limited FY2015 funding levels. Heartland Flyer is a single daily round trip between Ft. Worth and Oklahoma City. Considered more customer-impacting alternatives ranging from reducing frequency to eliminating food service.
23 Approach 2: Optimize Amtrak Equipment Consist Train had 2 locomotives for push-pull operation, 2 coaches, 1 snack coach. Reviewed ridership patterns. Reduced to 1 coach, 1 snack coach during off-peak seasons (6 months). Replaced 2 nd locomotive with cab control unit.
24 Approach 2: Optimize Amtrak Equipment Consist Result nearly $200,000 annual savings in state payments (base: $6.4 million).
25 Approach 3: Utilize Third Party for Specific Service Elements Indiana Hoosier State is 4-day/week Chicago-Indianapolis round trip when Chicago-Indianapolis-New York Cardinal does not operate. 1 locomotive, 2 coaches from Amtrak fleet. State issued RFP for third party entities to propose improved services to ultimately reduce funding requirements.
26 Approach 3: Utilize Third Party for Specific Service Elements Iowa Pacific providing rolling stock and food service. Reduces state payment to Amtrak by $752,000 annually (base: $3 million). State believes different on-board service offerings will provide a net financial benefit.
27 What Happens Next? Continued Amtrak-State negotiated refinements to the PRIIA 209 Methodology. State-Amtrak Intercity Passenger Rail Committee Increased mix of state-owned assets. New 130 bi-level cars, 35 diesel locomotives on order Increased route-specific focus on market demand and operating efficient service design.
28 Questions? Darrell J. Smith Director, Service Planning & Costing Amtrak 40 Massachusetts Ave., NE Washington, DC (202)
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