What Future for the European Atomic Energy Community?

Transcription

1 Michaele Schreyer What Future for the European Atomic Energy Community? 16th Meeting of the REFORM Group Climate Policy after Fukushima Schloss Leopoldskron, Salzburg, Austria August 31, 2011

2 Two of three Treaties on which the EU is founded pursued energyoriented goals European Coal and Steel Community ECSC European Atomic Energy Community EURATOM

3 Overall Goal of EURATOM to create the conditions necessary for the development of a powerful nuclear industry which will provide extensive energy resources, lead to the modernisation of technical processes and contribute, through its many other applications, to the prosperity of their peoples.

4 Tasks of EURATOM (a) promote research and ensure the dissemination of technical information; (b) establish uniform safety standards to protect the health of workers and of the general public and ensure that they are applied; (c) facilitate investment and ensure, particularly by encouraging ventures on the part of undertakings, the establishment of the basic installations necessary for the development of nuclear energy in the Community; (d) ensure that all users in the Community receive a regular and equitable supply of ores and nuclear fuels; (e) make certain, by appropriate supervision, that nuclear materials are not diverted to purposes other than those for which they are intended; (f) exercise the right of ownership conferred upon it with respect to special fissile materials; (g) ensure wide commercial outlets and access to the best technical facilities by the creation of a common market in specialised materials and equipment (h) establish with other countries and international organisations such relations as will foster progress in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

5 http/ ec.europa.eu/research/energy/euratom/faq/index_en.htm.europa.eu/research/energy/euratom/faq/index_en.htmex_en.htm

6 Source: European Commission:

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8 Tasks of EURATOM (a) promote research and ensure the dissemination of technical information; (b) establish uniform safety standards to protect the health of workers and of the general public and ensure that they are applied; (c) facilitate investment and ensure, particularly by encouraging ventures on the part of undertakings, the establishment of the basic installations necessary for the development of nuclear energy in the Community; (d) ensure that all users in the Community receive a regular and equitable supply of ores and nuclear fuels; (e) make certain, by appropriate supervision, that nuclear materials are not diverted to purposes other than those for which they are intended; (f) exercise the right of ownership conferred upon it with respect to special fissile materials; (g) ensure wide commercial outlets and access to the best technical facilities by the creation of a common market in specialised materials and equipment (h) establish with other countries and international organisations peaceful uses of nuclear energy. such relations as will foster progress in the

9 Summary of Euratom Loans Source: non paper European Commission see: energy.com/euratom.html Numbers of Loans Member States Non Member States (Decision 1977) (decision 1994) Total Amounts approved ( ) (*) Year Belgium Germany France Italy UK Bulgaria Ukraine Belgium Germany France Italy UK Bulgaria Ukraine Total TOTAL

10 Euratom loans outstanding operations Pursuant to Decision 94/179/Euratom, the European Union extends the scope of Euratom borrowings to the improvement of the degree of efficiency and safety of nuclear power stations in the countries of central and eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. The maximum amount of Euratom borrowings for the Member States and non-member countries remains fixed at EUR In 2000 the Commission decided on a loan for Kozloduy in Bulgaria (EUR ) and the last instalment was in In 2000 the Commission granted a loan to K2R4 in Ukraine but reduced the loan amount to the EUR equivalent of USD in In 2007 K2R4 was granted a loan of EUR (first tranche) in 2007, USD in 2008, and USD in 2009 under the 2004 Commission Decision. In 2004 the Commission decided on a loan for Cernavodă in Romania (EUR ). A first instalment of EUR and a second one of EUR were disbursed in 2005 and the last one of EUR in 2006.

11 Tasks of EURATOM (a) promote research and ensure the dissemination of technical information; (b) establish uniform safety standards to protect the health of workers and of the general public and ensure that they are applied; (c) facilitate investment and ensure, particularly by encouraging ventures on the part of undertakings, the establishment of the basic installations necessary for the development of nuclear energy in the Community; (d) ensure that all users in the Community receive a regular and equitable supply of ores and nuclear fuels; (e) make certain, by appropriate supervision, that nuclear materials are not diverted to purposes other than those for which they are intended; (f) exercise the right of ownership conferred upon it with respect to special fissile materials; (g) ensure wide commercial outlets and access to the best technical facilities by the creation of a common market in specialised materials and equipment (h) establish with other countries and international organisations such relations as will foster progress in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

12 Related to safety issues: Council Directive 2009/71/EURATOM of 25 June establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations The provisions of the EURATOM Treaty related to health and safety confer upon the Commission powers of some considerable scope in order to protect the population and the environment against the risks of nuclear contamination.

13 Council Directive 2009/71/EURATOM of 25 June establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations The provisions of the EURATOM Treaty related to health and safety confer upon the Commission powers of some considerable scope in order to protect the population and the environment against the risks of nuclear contamination.

14 Related to nuclear waste COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2011/70/EURATOM of 19 July 2011 establishing a Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste

15 Financial assistance to third countries for nuclear safety and decommissioning aid Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation (including Chernobyl Shelter Fund) Budget : 524 Mio Decommissioning / Closing Nuclear Power plants in BU / LT / SK Budget until 2013: 2530 Mio

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21 Share of Nuclear in National Electricity Generation 2009 (%)

22 Changes over time regarding the use of nuclear energy in the EU Share of nuclear in electricity generation is decreasing Nearly half of the Member States have no operating nuclear power plant The consensus on the benefits of nuclear power of the founding period of EURATOM no longer exists There is the alternative of using renewable energy

23 Isn tittime to abolish or to reform EURATOM?

24 Reform of EURATOM Issues and objectives For which tasks should competence remain or be conferred upon the European level? Safety issues related to generation of nuclear Safety issues related to theheritageof the nuclear period including research on dealing with spent fuel and nuclear waste, on disposals, on communication about the dangerous heritage over long periods of time Further questions: Should the decision on nuclear power remain a purely national decision? Should the responsibility for the disposals and management of nuclear waste be on the national or European level?

25 Reform of EURATOM Issues and objectives Institutional issue: Closing the democratic defict

26 How to initiate the reform EURATOM? of European Citizens Initiative not applicable to EURATOM treaty Ordinary revision of EURATOM: Government of any Member State, the European Parliament or the Commission can submit to the Council proposals for the amendment of the EURATOM tretay; a convention will be convened that shall adopt recommendations by consensus; decision by MS taken by unanimity; ratification by all MS Discussions in public and academia