Discussant Comments: Alternative Pathways to Retirement in a Household Context
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1 Discussant Comments: Alternative Pathways to Retirement in a Household Context Discussant: Melinda Morrill, North Carolina State University Authors: Kristine Brown, Katherine Carmen, Kathryn Edwards, and Carolyn Rutter M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 1 / 6
2 1. Workers pathways to retirement are often complex: Phased-retirement Bridge jobs Periods of non-employment and unretirement M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 2 / 6
3 1. Workers pathways to retirement are often complex: Phased-retirement Bridge jobs Periods of non-employment and unretirement 2. Retirement-related decisions are affected by: Eligibility for pensions and government programs Stress on the job and physical limitations Caregiving responsibilities Planned leisure in retirement Etc., etc., etc... Joint retirement considerations M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 2 / 6
4 1. Workers pathways to retirement are often complex: Phased-retirement Bridge jobs Periods of non-employment and unretirement 2. Retirement-related decisions are affected by: Eligibility for pensions and government programs Stress on the job and physical limitations Caregiving responsibilities Planned leisure in retirement Etc., etc., etc... Joint retirement considerations This paper addresses both issues by modeling complex pathways in a dual-earner household context. M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 2 / 6
5 This paper s contributions: 1. Characterize couples work-to-retirement pathways. Individual-only framework will not capture important aspects of retirement-related decision-making. Dual-earner couples face more complicated decisions. M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 3 / 6
6 This paper s contributions: 1. Characterize couples work-to-retirement pathways. Individual-only framework will not capture important aspects of retirement-related decision-making. Dual-earner couples face more complicated decisions. 2. Constructs a rich dataset allowing the authors to explore heterogeneity by occupation, availability of part-time work, preferences for joint leisure, etc. M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 3 / 6
7 This paper s contributions: 1. Characterize couples work-to-retirement pathways. Individual-only framework will not capture important aspects of retirement-related decision-making. Dual-earner couples face more complicated decisions. 2. Constructs a rich dataset allowing the authors to explore heterogeneity by occupation, availability of part-time work, preferences for joint leisure, etc. 3. Introduces complex multi-state-modeling of pathways. M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 3 / 6
8 This paper s findings: 1. Most retirement transitions involve a discordant phase. 2. Clusters of retirement transition types: N=478, mostly both fully retired N = 1,292, wife works longer than husband N = 1,003, husband works longer than wife M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 4 / 6
9 This paper s findings: 1. Most retirement transitions involve a discordant phase. 2. Clusters of retirement transition types: N=478, mostly both fully retired N = 1,292, wife works longer than husband N = 1,003, husband works longer than wife 3. Multinomial logit of discordance in retirement pathway shows heterogeneity: Older husbands (older cohort) => less discordance Higher husbands earnings => less discordance Larger earnings difference => more discordance M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 4 / 6
10 This paper s findings: 1. Most retirement transitions involve a discordant phase. 2. Clusters of retirement transition types: 3. Multinomial logit of discordance in retirement pathway shows heterogeneity: Suggested future work: M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 4 / 6
11 This paper s findings: 1. Most retirement transitions involve a discordant phase. 2. Clusters of retirement transition types: 3. Multinomial logit of discordance in retirement pathway shows heterogeneity: Suggested future work: Disentangle age and cohort effects, but difficult in the HRS. Special consideration of teacher retirement (see Fitzpatrick 2017) Determine whether it is timing or sequencing of transition that is important. M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 4 / 6
12 Understanding Joint Retirement Pathways Why study joint retirement transitions? 1. Better capture the effects of programs and policies. A person might be affected by spouse s financial incentives. Policies changes may have compound effects. M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 5 / 6
13 Understanding Joint Retirement Pathways Why study joint retirement transitions? 1. Better capture the effects of programs and policies. 2. Better characterize retirement income security. Partners earnings capacity can insure against shocks. Dual earner couples have more income to replace to maintain their standard of living. Is it riskier financially if dual-earner couples synchronize retirement? M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 5 / 6
14 Understanding Joint Retirement Pathways Why study joint retirement transitions? 1. Better capture the effects of programs and policies. 2. Better characterize retirement income security. 3. Understand how retirement is related to health and well-being of retirees. Does retirement help or hurt health and well-being? Does own health affect retirement? Does spouse s health affect retirement? Modeling retirement transitions jointly might yield clearer causal evidence. M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 5 / 6
15 Understanding Joint Retirement Pathways Why study joint retirement transitions? 1. Better capture the effects of programs and policies. 2. Better characterize retirement income security. 3. Understand how retirement is related to health and well-being of retirees. 4. Understand how rising female labor force participation changed the labor market. Women s labor force participation has grown tremendously. Do women retire differently than men? Does having a working wife change men s retirement? Is retirement timing also affected by other changes in family structure? M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 5 / 6
16 Understanding Joint Retirement Pathways Why study joint retirement transitions? 1. Better capture the effects of programs and policies. 2. Better characterize retirement income security. 3. Understand how retirement is related to health and well-being of retirees. 4. Understand how rising female labor force participation changed the labor market. Future work: Do men s retirement transition types vary based on whether a wife was working or not? What characteristics of the couple influence whether men deviate from a solo-career retirement path? M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 5 / 6
17 M. Morrill (NCSU), Discussant Comments, Joint Retirement 6 / 6
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