Tables and Figures. Tables

Transcription

1 Tables and Figures Tables 2.1 Presidents of the Republic of Korea, 1948 Present Comparative Po liti cal Development, Korea and Other Countries Presidential Election Results by Region, Presidential Election Results by Region, Presidential Election Results by Region, Presidential Election Results by Age Group, Based on Exit Polls, 2012 versus Comparative Growth Experience: Gross National Income (GNI) Per Capita, Savings and Investment in Korea, Composition of Foreign Capital Flows into Korea, Growth Accounting Decomposition of Aggregate GDP, Excluding Agriculture and Mining, Growth Accounting Decomposition of Aggregate GDP, Including Agriculture and Mining, Saving and Investment Regressions, Time Fixed Effects Determinants of Growth Slowdowns Central Government Programs to Support SMEs in Consumer Loans by Financial Institutions in Korea Foreign Reserves of the Bank of Korea 109

2 viii Tables and Figures 4.3 Restructuring of Financial Institutions, November Public Funds Injected for Purposes of Financial Restructuring, November 1997 June Credit Card Market in Korea Chaebol s Value Added as Share of GDP In- Group Own ership Share for the Top Chaebol Interest Rate Differential between Export Loans and General Loans, Number of Financial Institutions, Selected Years Speed of Population Aging in the World School Enrollment Rates (ER) and Advancement Rates (AR), Expenditures on Higher Education per Student, Korea versus OECD Average and Selected Other Countries, Weekly Hours Secondary Students Spent Studying: Korea, OECD Average, and Selected Other Countries Alternative Estimates of Gini Coefficient of Inequality, Income Shares by Income Deciles, Comparisons of In e qual ity and Relative Poverty: Korea, Taiwan, and the United States Incidence of Absolute and Relative Poverty by House hold Type: 1996, 2000, and Average Annual Hours Worked, All Employed Persons, , and Average Annual Hours Worked per 15- to 64- year- old in Public Social Expenditures as Percent of GDP: Korea and OECD Average, General Government Expenditures by Function as Percent of Central Government Bud get, Change in General Government Expenditures by Function as Percent of Central Government Bud get, 2001 to Top Ten Korean Exports, Various Years Horizontal and Vertical Intraindustry Trade between Korea and Other Countries 240

3 Tables and Figures ix 7.3 R&D Spending and Number of Researchers Each Year, R&D Spending by Industry Allocation of Researchers and R&D Expenditures among Sectors of Per for mance, Number and Status of Venture Companies, 1998 July Major Economic Indicators for South Korea and North Korea, Two Divergent Paths: South Korea and North Korea, Comparative Factor Prices in Kaesong, China, and South Korea, Inter- Korean Transactions at the Kaesong Industrial Complex, Inter- Korean Trade by Transaction Type, Inter- Korean Commercial and Noncommercial Transactions, South Korea s Bilateral Food and Fertilizer Aid to North Korea, Selected Years South Korea s Multilateral Aid to North Korea, Composition of Commercial Transactions, Inter- Korean Trade by Product Category, North Korea s Exports and Imports, North Korea s Revenue from the Mount Kumgang Tourism Project 286 Figures 2.1 Corruption Perceptions Index for South Korea Gross Investment and Savings, Frequency Distribution of Growth Slowdowns (Oil Exporters Excluded) Return to Capital in Korea Additional Financial Liberalization Indices, Financial Stability Index Financial Interrelation Ratio (FIR) 95

4 x Tables and Figures 4.4 Concentration Ratios Ratio of Short- term Foreign Liabilities to Foreign Exchange Reserves, Loan- Deposit Ratio of the Korean Banking Sector Korea s Portfolio Investments in Foreign Securities Changes in the Nominal Exchange Rate Foreign Exchange Reserves Foreign Exchange Rates, Won versus U.S. Dollar Gross Domestic Product Exports Debt / Equity Ratio (D/E) and Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) in Korea s Manufacturing Sector Youth and Aged De pen den cy Ratios, Employment Shares by Industry Gender Shares in Employment Proportion of Age Group Enrolled in College or University versus Income Per Capita Alternative Mea sures of Income In e qual ity: Total House hold Income, Earnings Differentials by Level of Educational Attainment How Satisfied Are Workers in Their Jobs? Korea and Other Countries in the International Social Science Programme International Comparison of Heath Care Expenditures, Fiscal Revenue, Expenditure, and Surplus as Percent of GDP Fiscal Expenditure by Function as Percent of GDP Fiscal Expenditure by Function as Percent of Central Government Bud get Trajectory for Public Social Spending as Percent of GDP Trends in Forest Area and Growing Stock per Hectare in Korea, Age- Class Structure of Korea s Forest Area and Growing Stock, Korea s Exports, Imports, and Investment 231

5 Tables and Figures xi 7.2 Export Composition by Technology Content, Various Periods Similarity Index for Chinese Exports Compared with Korean Exports, Based on 1991 Weights Shares of Korea and China in the Total Imports of Countries to Which Korea Exports Korean and Chinese Market Shares in World Exports for Korea s Ten Most Important Export Products, Selected Years: 1990, 1995, Increase in Korea s R&D Spending over Time Increase in Number of Korean R&D Researchers over Time Economic Trends in North Korea, Inter- Korean Trade, North Korea s International and Inter- Korean Trade, Outward Foreign Direct Investment by South Korea s Large Firms and SMEs, Expected Convergence of Per Capita GDP of South Korea and the United States under Alternative Korean Growth Scenarios: U.S. Growth at 1.5 Percent Expected Convergence of Per Capita GDP of South Korea and the United States under Alternative Korean Growth Scenarios: U.S. Growth at 2.5 Percent 306