Water Research Foundation 4372a. Real Loss Component Analysis: A Tool for Economic Water Loss Control

Transcription

1 Water Research Foundation 4372a Real Loss Component Analysis: A Tool for Economic Water Loss Control

2 Project Team TECHNICAL TEAM Reinhard Sturm, Water Systems Optimization Kate Gasner, Water Systems Optimization OUTREACH TEAM Mary Ann Dickinson, Alliance for Water Efficiency Jeffrey Hughes, Alliance for Water Efficiency

3 Downloading the 4372 Materials then search for 4372 or real losses 7

4 WRF Project Review: #4372a Real Loss Component Analysis: A Tool for Economic Water Loss Control PROJECT BASICS: Funded by the WRF and EPA Model Release & Report Publishing in June 2014 Webinar on June PARTICIPATING UTILITIES: Eastern Municipal Water District Metro Water Services, Nashville TN Halifax Regional Water Commission City of Folsom Utilities Dept San Antonio Water System PROJECT GOALS: Provide utilities software model for component analysis of real losses Provide informative context for performance indicator results Develop the software model to optimize use (prioritizing accessibility & adoption) Lake Arrowhead Community Services District S. Central CT Regional Water Authority City of Phoenix Water Services Dept Austin Water Utility Water & Wastewater Authority of Wilson County 10

5 Results of Utility Questionnaire 11

6 Results of Utility Questionnaire 12

7 The AWWA Water Balance SYSTEM INPUT VOLUME Authorized Consumption Water Losses Billed Authorized Consumption Unbilled Authorized Consumption Apparent Losses Real Losses Billed Metered Authorized Consumption Billed Unmetered Authorized Consumption Unbilled Metered Authorized Consumption Unbilled Unmetered Authorized Consumption Consumption Metering Errors Unauthorized Consumption Systematic Data Handling Errors Leakage/Overflow at Reservoirs Leakage from Trunk Mains Leakage from Distribution Mains REVENUE WATER NON- REVENUE WATER Leakage from Service Connections 13

8 Water Loss Control Program Next Steps With A Completed AWWA Water Balance: Volume of Apparent Losses Volume of Real Losses Performance Indicators Data Validity Score Remaining Assessments: Understanding of Real Loss Breakdown (where are these losses occurring? what types of leakage?) Evaluation of Cost-Effective Real Loss Intervention Strategies 14

9 Component Analysis of Real Losses 15

10 Participating Utility Insight Integrity and completeness of failure data Readiness of average utility Presentation of software as a TOOL not a REPORT! Estimation/ assumption comfort 21

11 Component Analysis of Real Losses Volume Determination Model Example Work

12 Component Analysis of Real Losses Authorized Consumption Billed Authorized Consumption Unbilled Authorized Consumption Billed Metered Authorized Consumption Billed Unmetered Authorized Consumption Unbilled Metered Authorized Consumption Unbilled Unmetered Authorized Consumption SYSTEM INPUT VOLUME Apparent Losses Consumption Metering Errors Unauthorized Consumption Systematic Data Handling Errors Water Losses Leakage/Overflow at Reservoirs Real Losses Leakage from Trunk Mains Leakage from Distribution Mains Leakage from Service Connections REAL LOSS REDUCTION

13 MODEL!

14 Component Analysis of Real Losses

15 Reported Leakage Reported Leakage: the water utility became aware of the event because it came about as a complaint or report of a problem caused by visible water from the leak Reported by: Customer Public Safety personnel police, streets/highway, fire dept, etc. Meter Reader Sewer Inspection, or Other

16 Un-Reported Leakage Un-reported Leakage: the water utility became aware of the event by its own proactive work to seek out and identify hidden leakage Reported by: Leak Detection Crew Leak Detection Service

17 Determining Leakage Volumes Reported Leakage and Un-reported Leakage requires the following data: # of reported leaks by size average Awareness Location - Repair (ALR) time per leak size group average leak flow rate average system pressure

18 Real Losses Calculation for Reported & Un-Reported Leakage Annual Real Loss Volume from Reported Leaks = # of leaks by size * average run time * average flow rate (at average system pressure) Leakage Occurrence Pipe Diameter # of Events Flow Rate (gpm) Average Run Time (hrs) Annual Leakage (MG) Mains Breaks Failure Repair Records Estimated based on pipe size using BABE methodology Awareness Time Estimation + Failure Repair Records for Location & Repair Time

19 Break Frequency Research Focus on Predictive Models Terminology Data Collection Completeness 19

20 MODEL!

21 Background Losses Background Losses: weeps & seeps at joints & fittings Cannot be detected via traditional acoustic leak detection Depends on the condition of the infrastructure Very pressure sensitive Calculated using: Length of mains, # of Service Connections, Avrg. System Pressure Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL) Infrastructure Condition Factor (ICF)

22 Calculation of Background Losses Background Loss Allowances - UARL Formula Source: AWWA

23 MODEL!

24 Component Analysis of Real Losses

25 Hidden Losses Component of Real Losses Background Losses Reported Leakage Unreported Leakage (filed from leak detection) Hidden Losses = remaining unreported leakage the continues to run in the system Volume A B C D Total Real Losses *determined by Water Balance Hidden Losses = Water Balance Total - (A + B + C)

26 Real Loss Component Analysis Results WaterRF 4372: E ffec tive O rg anization and C omponent Analys is of Water Utility L eakag e Data Water Audit: C ity of Aus tin, T X, US A, 2011 RE AL L O S S E S C O MP O NE NT ANAL YS IS S UMMARY: RE AL L O S S C O MP O NE NT ANAL YS IS S ystem C omponent B ackg round L eakag e R eported Failures Unreported Failures Total (MG) (MG) (MG) (MG) R es ervoirs Mains and App urtenances S ervice C onnections Total Annual R eal L os s 1, , Real L os s es as C alc ulated by Water Audit Hidden L os s es /Unreported L eakag e C urrently Running Undetec ted 4, ,645.77

27 Real Loss Component Analysis Results REPORTED LEAKAGE UNREPORTED LEAKAGE LEAK DETECTION UN-REPORTED LEAKAGE BACKGROUND LEAKAGE ONGOING UNREPORTED LEAKAGE HIDDEN

28 MODEL!

29 Real Losses Component Analysis Real Losses Intervention

30 Leakage Management Strategies Pressure Management Speed and Quality of Repairs Unavoidable Annual Real Losses Economic Level of Real Losses Active Leakage Control Potentially Recoverable Real Losses Current Annual Real Losses Pipeline and Asset Management: Selection, Installation, Maintenance, Renewal, Replacement

31 Economics Real losses have real value they are a hidden cost for the utility Leakage control is primarily an operational cost The economic optimum is achieved when the combined cost of real losses plus the cost of leakage control is at a minimum

32 COST OF LEAKAGE CONTROL AND WATER LOST Background Leakage and Reported Breaks What Volume of Real Losses is Economic?? Where the total cost is at a minimum Economic Leakage Level Cost of Leakage Control LOSSES (MGD)

33 Active Leakage Control Tools Economic Intervention Frequency for Leak Detection Repair Time Improvement Pressure Management

34 Economic Intervention Frequency for Leak Detection

35 Real Loss Component Analysis Results REPORTED LEAKAGE UNREPORTED LEAKAGE LEAK DETECTION UN-REPORTED LEAKAGE BACKGROUND LEAKAGE ONGOING UNREPORTED LEAKAGE HIDDEN

36 Economic Intervention Frequency for Leak Detection

37 MODEL!

38 Active Leakage Control Tools Economic Intervention Frequency for Leak Detection Repair Time Improvement Pressure Management

39 Real Loss Component Analysis Results REPORTED LEAKAGE UNREPORTED LEAKAGE LEAK DETECTION UN-REPORTED LEAKAGE BACKGROUND LEAKAGE ONGOING UNREPORTED LEAKAGE HIDDEN

40 Galls. / day Galls. / day Galls. / day Time Impacts Leakage 14 gpm Days REPORTED MAINS BREAK 22,000 Gallons 4.5 gpm Days A L R REPORTED UTILITY SIDE SERVICE BREAK 104,000 Gallons 4.5 gpm 6500 A L R 46 Days REPORTED CUSTOMER SIDE SERVICE BREAK 299,000 Gallons

41 Improving Repair Time Assess Repair Times Assess Repair Times Do you accurately capture: Reporting Time? Completion of Repair Time? Improve Repair Times Target repair time programs Increased repair crews Change system operations for tracking by zone DMA Work Frequent Water Balancing TIME Leak Starts Report Initiated Flow Contained Repair Com plete

42 MODEL!

43 Active Leakage Control Tools Economic Intervention Frequency for Leak Detection Repair Time Improvement Pressure Management

44 R a tio o f L e a k a g e R a te 1/Lo s L Pressure and Leakage Relationship N 1 = N 1 = N 1 = N 1 = N 1 = R a t io o f P r e s s u r e s P 1 /P o

45 Real Loss Component Analysis Results REPORTED LEAKAGE UNREPORTED LEAKAGE LEAK DETECTION UN-REPORTED LEAKAGE BACKGROUND LEAKAGE ONGOING UNREPORTED LEAKAGE HIDDEN

46 Benefits of Pressure Management Reduction of Real Losses when switching from no control to fixed outlet and/ or advanced pressure control Reduction of new leaks/ breaks = extended infrastructure life! Can serve a water conservation tool if appropriate Can improve energy efficiency Ensured minimum standards are met

47 Pressure Management Tools Introduction of pressure controlled areas (pressure zones) Fixed outlet pressure control Advanced flow-modulated pressure control Transient control

48 [psi] Fixed Outlet Pressure EID Flow Modulation Profile - Initial and New EID Flow Modulated Profile Initial EID Flow Modulated Profile New Inflow Outlet Pressure Initial Outlet Pressure New gpm psi psi [gpm]

49 Inflow [gpm] AZP pressure [PSI] Fixed & Modulated Pressure Control Dartmouth Central DMA Flow and AZP no control - fixed outlet control - flow modulated control Flow May 8th no control Flow May 9th fixed outlet Flow May 10th flow modulated AZP May 8th no control AZP May 9th fixed outlet AZP May 10th flow modulated /8/06 3:00 PM 5/8/06 4:00 PM 5/8/06 5:00 PM 5/8/06 6:00 PM 5/8/06 7:00 PM 5/8/06 8:00 PM 5/8/06 9:00 PM 5/8/06 10:00 PM 5/8/06 11:00 PM 5/9/06 12:00 AM 5/9/06 1:00 AM 5/9/06 2:00 AM 5/9/06 3:00 AM 5/9/06 4:00 AM 5/9/06 5:00 AM 5/9/06 6:00 AM 5/9/06 7:00 AM 5/9/06 8:00 AM 5/9/06 9:00 AM 5/9/06 10:00 AM 5/9/06 11:00 AM 5/9/06 12:00 PM 5/9/06 1:00 PM 5/9/06 2:00 PM Time

50 Lowered Break Frequency & Extended Infrastructure

51 Background Leakage [gpm] Average Pressure DMA5 [PSI] DMA5 Background Leakage Reduction DMA5 - Reduction in Background Leakage between April 2005 and December Time Savings in Background Leakage Between April 2005 and December 2009 Background Leakage Component from April 5th 2005 MNF Analysis [gpm] Background Leakage Component from December 15th 2009 MNF Analysis [gpm] Average DMA5 pressure from April 5th 2005 MNF Analysis [PSI] Average DMA5 pressure from December 15th 2009 MNF Analysis [PSI]

52 Pressure Surges

53 MODEL!