Using Performance Indicators as Part of a Water Audit
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1 Using Performance Indicators as Part of a Water Audit Smart Management for Small Water Systems
2 What are Performance Indicators? A series of water loss measures that are consistent, repeatable and presented in meaningful standardized units Tools for performance tracking & target setting to control losses
3 Water Loss Flashback Unaccounted for Water = Water Supplied - Billed Unaccounted for % = (Water Supplied Billed)/Water Supplied
4 Why Use Performance Indicators? Target areas of loss in your system
5 Targeting Allows a System To: Address apparent losses and track performance Address real losses and track performance
6 Why Use Performance Indicators? Numerically evaluate different aspects of the distribution system
7 Benchmarking Allows a System To: Evaluate performance over time Identify areas where improvement is necessary Compare itself to other systems Evaluate financial options Gauge itself competitively Provide data for reports to the public, regulators and water users
8 Performance Indicator Types Financial Indicators Operational Efficiency Indicators
9 Financial Performance Indicators Non-Revenue Water as a Percent by Volume of Water Supplied (%) Non-Revenue Water as a Percent by Cost of Operating the System (%) Annual Cost of Apparent Losses ($) Annual Cost of Real Losses ($)
10 Operational Efficiency Performance Indicator for Apparent Losses Apparent Losses per Service Connection per Day (gallons/connection/day)
11 Operational Efficiency Performance Indicators for Real Losses Real Losses per Service Connection per Day (gallons/connection/day) Customer service connection density > 32/mile
12 Operational Efficiency Performance Indicators for Real Losses Real Losses per Service Connection per Day per PSI Pressure (gallons/connection/day/psi) Customer service connection density > 32/mile
13 Operational Efficiency Performance Indicators for Real Losses Real Losses per Length of Main per Day (gallons/mile/day) Customer service connection density < 32/mile
14 Current Annual Real Losses (CARL) (million gallons/year) AKA Real Losses Volume of water lost due to leaks in transmission, distribution, service lines and storage tanks Includes both leaks that have been identified, located and repaired as well as background leakage
15 Current Annual Real Losses (CARL) (million gallons/year) + Transmission Losses Distribution Losses Storage Losses Service Line Losses CARL (gallons/year)
16 Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL) (million gallons/year) The theoretical low level of leakage that would exist in distribution if all of the best leakage management practices were employed Volume of water lost due to leaks in transmission, distribution, service lines and storage tanks UARL is a function of length of distribution, # of service connections, length of service lines, average operating pressure
17 Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL) (million gallons/year) UARL = (5.41 x Lm x Nc Lc) x P Lm = Length of transmission & distribution system (miles) Nc = Number of service connections Lp = Total length of service private pipe (miles) Lc = Nc x Lp (miles) P = Average pressure (psi)
18 UARL Limitations If conditions at your system match any of the following conditions: Nc < 5000 P < 35 psi Nc/Lm < 32 UARL may not work well for your small system
19 UARL & Small Systems Field test to verify and validate calculated results
20 Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) Ratio indicator recommended to perform benchmarking of leakage status Developed to address lack of objective benchmarking indicator The ratio between CARL & UARL
21 Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) ILI = CARL / UARL The answer to unaccounted for % Includes pipe length and other factors to adjust for distribution system changes
22 Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) If ILI = 1.0 then: CARL = UARL Audit data shows most systems: ILI =
23 Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) Will it work for your small system?
24 Which Performance Indicator is Right for My System Depends on What You Want to Do
25 Target Apparent Losses Use the Operational Performance Indicator for Apparent Losses for target setting and performance tracking Apparent Losses per Service Connection per Day (gallons/connection/day)
26 Target Real Losses Use one of the Operational Performance Indicator for Real Losses for target setting and performance tracking Real Losses per Service Connection per Day (gallons/connection/day) > 32 connections /mile Real Losses per Service Connection per Day per PSI Pressure (gallons/connection/day/psi) > 32 connections /mile Real Losses per Length of Main per Day (gallons/mile/day) < 32 connections /mile
27 Benchmarking Use the Infrastructure Leakage Index ILI = CARL/UARL
28 System 1 System 2 Number of Service Connections Miles of Pipe 61.7 miles 321 Service Connection Density 88 connections/mile of main 22 connections/mile of main Total Water Supplied MG MG Variable Production Cost $302.8/MG $2110/MG Customer Retail Unit Cost $5.53/thousand gallons $8.38/thousand gallons Apparent Losses/connection/day 7.31 gals/connection/day 2.59 gals/connection/day Real Losses/connection/day gals/connection/day gals/mile/day Real Losses/connection/day/psi 0.63 gals/connection/day/psi UARL 35.1 MG/year MG/year CARL MG/year MG/year ILI NRW as % by volume of water supplied 14.0% 20.6% NRW as % by cost of operating system 9.6% 6.6% Annual Cost of Apparent Losses $79,883 $54,952 Annual Cost of Real Losses $27,096 $159,603 NA
29 Performance Indicator Workshop Summary of data from Rockville WSC Use the Performance Indicator Table handout Calculate the performance indicators that apply to the Rockville WSC What do your calculations tell you about the Rockville WSC?
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