Table of Contents. New to the Second Edition... Chapter 1: Introduction : Social Research...
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1 iii Table of Contents Preface... xiii Purpose... xiii Outline of Chapters... xiv New to the Second Edition... xvii Acknowledgements... xviii Chapter 1: Introduction : Social Research... 1 Introduction... 1 Purpose of Research... 1 Research Traditions... 2 New Trends in Research : Research Ethics... 7 Importance of Ethical Research... 7 Characteristics of Ethical Research... 7 Institutional Review Boards : Chapter 1 Review Chapter 2: Qualitative Research : Basic Concepts Introduction Sampling Qualitative Designs Central Questions : Research Tools Data Collection Data Analysis Reporting the Findings : Threats to Validity... 26
2 iv Introduction Researcher Bias Descriptive Validity Interpretive Validity Theoretical Validity Internal Validity External Validity : Chapter 2 Review Chapter 3: Quantitative Research : Basic Concepts Introduction Constructs Sampling Measurement Scales of Measurement Measurement Validity Normal Distribution Item and Test Analysis : Quantitative Research Designs Introduction Non-Experimental Designs Experimental Designs Pre-Experimental Designs Single-Case Designs Mixed Methods Designs : Threats to Validity Overview Internal Validity External Validity : Chapter 3 Review Chapter 4: Evaluation Research... 85
3 v 4.1: Basic Concepts Overview Evaluation Types Evaluation Strategies Evaluation Framework Evaluation Questions Evaluability Assessment : Chapter 4 Review Chapter 5: Using SPSS : Introduction SPSS Help Data Preparation SPSS Data Editor Introduction Entering Data Manually Importing Data Codebook Comparing Datasets Screening Data Editing Data Selecting Cases Weighting Cases Computing Variables Recoding Variables Dealing with Missing Values Sorting Cases and Variables Splitting Files Printing Data Saving and Exporting Data SPSS Syntax Editor SPSS Output Editor
4 vi 5.5. Chapter 5 Review Chapter 6: Descriptive Statistics : Introduction Overview SPSS Procedures : Measures of Central Tendency Mean % Trimmed Mean Median Mode Summary : Measures of Dispersion Standard Deviation Variance Standard Error of the Mean Skewness Kurtosis Range Interquartile Range Outliers Summary : Measures of Relative Position Percentiles Deciles Quartiles : Normal Curve Transformations (Z-Score, N(0,1) T-Score, N(50,10) Normal Curve Equivalent (NCE) Score, N(50, 21.06) Stanine Score Standardized Norm-Referenced Testing
5 vii 6.6: Graphs and Charts Creating Graphs and Charts in SPSS Line Chart Bar Chart Pie Chart Histogram Boxplot Stem-and-Leaf Plot Scatterplot Q-Q Plot Detrended Q-Q Plot P-P Plot : Chapter 6 Review Chapter 7: Inferential Statistics : Basic Concepts Introduction Estimation Confidence Intervals Hypothesis Testing Steps in Inferential Statistics : Evaluating Test Assumptions Introduction Independence of Observations Measurement Without Error Normality Linearity Homogeneity of Variance Homoscedasticity Homogeneity of Variance-Covariance Matrices Sphericity Homogeneity of Regressions
6 viii Multicollinearity Dealing with Deviations : Test Decision Tree : Chapter 7 Review Chapter 8: Goodness-of-Fit Tests : Introduction : Nonparametric Tests Chi-Square ( 2) Goodness-of-Fit Test Binomial Test Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Shapiro-Wilk W Test Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test for Randomness One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test : Parametric Tests One-Sample t-test : Chapter 8 Review Chapter 9: Difference Tests : Introduction Overview Multivariate Tests Factorial Designs Post Hoc Multiple Comparison Tests Contrasts Controlling Type I Error : Nonparametric Tests McNemar Test Related Samples Sign Test Wilcoxon Matched-Pair Signed Ranks Test Cochran s Q Test Mann-Whitney U Test Median Test
7 ix Kruskal-Wallis H Test Friedman Test : Parametric Tests Levene s Test of Equality of Variance Independent t-test Dependent t-test Between Subjects Analysis of Variance Within Subjects Analysis of Variance Multivariate Analysis of Variance Analysis of Covariance : Chapter 9 Review Chapter 10: Correlation and Prediction Tests : Introduction Overview Correlation Reliability Regression : Nonparametric Tests Pearson Chi-Square ( 2) Contingency Table Analysis Relative Risk and Odds Ratio Phi ( ) and Cramér s V Contingency Coefficient Lambda ( ) Uncertainty Coefficient (UC) Gamma ( ) Eta ( ) Correlation Coefficient Spearman Rank Order Correlation Test Somers d Kendall s Tau-b ( b) and Tau-c ( c) Intraclass Correlation Coefficient Cohen s Kappa ( )
8 x Binomial Logistic Regression : Parametric Tests Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Test Point-Biserial Correlation (rpb) Internal Consistency Reliability Analysis Partial Correlation Bivariate Regression Multiple Regression and Correlation Discriminant Analysis Principal Components and Factor Analysis Canonical Correlation Analysis Two-Step Cluster Analysis : Chapter 10 Review Chapter 11: Research Manuscripts : Introduction : Research Report Format Front Matter Introduction Literature Review Methodology Results Discussion End Matter : Chapter 11 Review Chapter 12: Case Studies : Research Methodology Cases Case #1 - Correlation Study Case #2 - Experimental Study Case #3 - Longitudinal Study Case #4 - Non-Experimental Study Case #5 - Non-Experimental Study
9 xi Case #6 - Experimental Study : Statistical Analysis Cases Case #7 - Data Screening Case #8 - Correlation Analysis Case #9 - Two Groups Analysis Case #10 - Multiple Groups Analysis Case #11 - Regression Analysis Case #12 - Repeated Measures Analysis Case #13 - Repeated Measures Analysis : Preferred Solutions Case #1 Solution - Correlation Study Case #2 Solution - Experimental Study Case #3 Solution - Longitudinal Study Case #4 Solution - Non-Experimental Study Case #5 Solution - Non-Experimental Study Case #6 Solution - Experimental Study Case #7 Solution - Data Screening Case #8 Solution - Correlation Analysis Case #9 Solution - Two Groups Analysis Case #10 Solution - Multiple Groups Analysis Case #11 Solution - Regression Analysis Case #12 Solution - Repeated Measures Analysis Case #13 Solution - Repeated Measures Analysis Appendix A: Statistical Abbreviations and Symbols Appendix B: Glossary Appendix C: About the Authors Appendix D: References Index
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Contents. An Overview of Statistical Applications CHAPTER 1. Contents (ix) Preface... (vii)
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