STAT/14/ October 2014
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1 STAT/14/ October 2014 Provision of deficit and debt data for second notification Euro area and EU28 government deficit at 2.9% and 3.2% of GDP respectively Government debt at 90.9% and 85.4% Eurostat publishes for the first time in this News Release deficit and debt figures for 2010 to 2013 based on the European System of Accounts 2010 (ESA 2010) methodology. The data in this Release include revisions due both to the implementation of ESA2010 and to the incorporation of other statistical adjustments. The main revisions in deficit and debt levels are shown in Annex 1 and explained in more detail in a note on the Eurostat website. In 2013, the government deficit 1 of both the euro area 2 (EA18) and the EU28 2 decreased in absolute terms compared with 2012, while the government debt 1 rose in both zones. In the euro area the government deficit to GDP ratio decreased from 3.6% in 2012 to 2.9% in 2013 and in the EU28 3 from 4.2% to 3.2%. In the euro area the government debt to GDP ratio increased from 89.0% at the end of 2012 to 90.9% at the end of 2013 and in the EU28 from 83.5% to 85.4%. Euro area (EA18) GDP market prices (mp) (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) EU28 GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) In 2013, Luxembourg (+0.6%) and Germany (+0.1%) registered a government surplus and the lowest government deficits in percentage of GDP were recorded in Estonia (-0.5%), Denmark (-0.7%), Latvia (-0.9%), Bulgaria (-1.2%), Czech Republic and Sweden (both -1.3%). Ten Member States had deficits higher than 3% of GDP: Slovenia (-14.6%), Greece (-12.2%), Spain (-6.8%), the United Kingdom (-5.8%), Ireland (-5.7%), Croatia (-5.2%), Cyprus and Portugal (both -4.9%), France (-4.1%) and Poland (-4.0%). At the end of 2013, the lowest ratios of government debt to GDP were recorded in Estonia (10.1%), Bulgaria (18.3%), Luxembourg (23.6%), Romania (37.9%), Latvia (38.2%), Sweden (38.6%), Lithuania (39.0%), Denmark (45.0%) and Czech Republic (45.7%). Sixteen Member States had government debt ratios higher than 60% of GDP, with the highest registered in Greece (174.9%), Portugal (128.0%), Italy (127.9%), Ireland (123.3%), Belgium (104.5%) and Cyprus (102.2%).
2 In 2013, government expenditure 4 in the euro area was equivalent to 49.4% of GDP and government revenue 4 to 46.5%. The figures for the EU28 were 48.5% and 45.3% respectively. In both zones, the government expenditure ratio decreased and the government revenue ratio increased between 2012 and Reservations on reported data 5 The Netherlands: Eurostat is withdrawing the reservation on the quality of the government deficit data reported by the Netherlands, which had been expressed in Eurostat s News Release of 23 April 2014, due to uncertainties on the statistical impact of the government interventions relating to the nationalisation and restructuring of SNS Reaal in The size of the impact has been clarified with the Dutch statistical authorities. Amendment by Eurostat to reported data 6 Eurostat has made no amendments to the data reported by Member States. Other issues i. Intergovernmental lending For the purpose of proper consolidation of general government debt in European aggregates and to provide users with information, Eurostat is collecting and publishing data on government loans to other EU governments, including those made through the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF). For 2013 the intergovernmental lending figures relate mainly to lending to Greece, Ireland and Portugal. ii. Note explaining the revisions to deficit and debt figures Eurostat publishes alongside this News Release a note presenting the impact on the deficit and debt figures of individual Member States of the implementation of the ESA 2010 methodology, as well as the impact due to other statistical revisions, at: The annexes of the note present the main conceptual changes introduced by ESA 2010 in the compilation of government deficit and debt and provide links to the national websites dedicated to the implementation of ESA 2010 in Member States. iii. Background note and supplementary tables on government interventions in the context of the financial crisis Eurostat publishes supplementary tables by Member State on the impact of the financial crisis on its website: _tables_financial_turmoil Eurostat also publishes a background note providing further information on the supplementary tables, including summary tables for the EU and the euro area: at: Table 2 of the background note shows government deficit/surplus data for 2012 and 2013 excluding the impacts of government interventions to support financial institutions. It should be noted that this adjusted measure of government deficit/surplus is only intended to be an improvement in the presentation of data for users. iv. Stock of liabilities of trade credits and advances Eurostat publishes on its website, as complementary information on government liabilities, data on trade credits and advances, as reported by Member States for the years 2010 to 2013: Oct2014.pdf. It should be noted that, according to Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, as amended, the liabilities in trade credits and advances of government units are not part of "Maastricht debt". Background In this News Release, Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union, is providing 7 government deficit and debt data based on figures reported in the second 2014 notification by EU Member States for the years , for the application of the excessive deficit procedure (EDP). This notification is based on the ESA This News Release also includes data on government expenditure and revenue. Annex 1 shows the main revisions since the April 2014 News Release. Eurostat will also be releasing information on the underlying government sector accounts, as well as on the contribution of deficit/surplus and other relevant factors to the variation in the debt level (stock-flow adjustment), on the government finance statistics section on its website:
3 1. According to the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the EC Treaty, government deficit (surplus) means the net borrowing (net lending) of the whole general government sector (central government, state government, local government and social security funds). It is calculated according to national accounts concepts (European System of Accounts, ESA 2010). Government debt (so called Maastricht debt ) is the consolidated gross debt of the whole general government sector outstanding at the end of the year (at nominal value). Table of euro area and EU28 aggregates: the data are in euro. For those countries not belonging to the euro area, the rate of conversion into euro is as follows: - for deficit / surplus and GDP data, the annual average exchange rate; - for the stock of government debt, the end of year exchange rate. Table of national data: these are in national currencies. For Estonia and Latvia, data for the years prior to the adoption of the euro have been converted into euro according to the irrevocable conversion rate. 2. Euro area (EA18): Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland. In the attached table, the euro area is defined as including Estonia and Latvia for the full period, although Estonia joined the euro area on 1 January 2011 and Latvia on 1 January Up to 30 June 2013, the European Union (EU27) included 27 Member States. From 1 July 2013 the European Union (EU28) also includes Croatia. In the attached table, all periods refer to the EU In the previous provision of data for the excessive deficit procedure, under ESA95 methodology, the 2013 government deficit for the EU28 was 3.3% of GDP and the government debt was 87.1% of GDP. See News Release 64/2014 of 23 April Government expenditure and revenue are reported to Eurostat under the ESA 2010 transmission programme. They are the sum of non-financial transactions by general government, and include both current and capital transactions. For definitions, see Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union. 5. The term reservations is defined in article 15 (1) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, as amended. The Commission (Eurostat) expresses reservations when it has doubts on the quality of the reported data. 6. According to Article 15 (2) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, as amended, the Commission (Eurostat) may amend actual data reported by Member States and provide the amended data and a justification of the amendment where there is evidence that actual data reported by Member States do not comply with the quality requirements (compliance with accounting rules, completeness, reliability, timeliness and consistency of statistical data). 7. According to Article 14 (1) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, as amended, Eurostat provides the actual government deficit and debt data for the application of the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure, within three weeks after the reporting deadlines. This provision of data shall be effected through publication. For further information on the methodology of statistics reported under the excessive deficit procedure, please see the Eurostat publication "Manual on government deficit and debt ESA 2010 implementation", 2014 edition: Issued by: Eurostat Press Office Tim ALLEN Tel: eurostat-pressoffice@ec.europa.eu Eurostat news releases on the internet: Selected Principal European Economic Indicators: Follow Eurostat on Twitter:
4 GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU (in national currencies) under ESA 2010 methodology Belgium GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Bulgaria GDP mp (million BGN) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million BGN) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million BGN) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million BGN) Czech Republic GDP mp (million CZK) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million CZK) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million CZK) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million CZK) Denmark GDP mp (million DKK) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million DKK) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million DKK) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million DKK) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Germany GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP)
5 GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU (in national currencies) under ESA 2010 methodology Estonia GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Ireland GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Greece GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) Spain GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) France GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP)
6 GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU (in national currencies) under ESA 2010 methodology Croatia GDP mp (million HRK) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million HRK) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million HRK) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million HRK) Italy GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Cyprus GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Latvia GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) Lithuania GDP mp (million LTL) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million LTL) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million LTL) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million LTL)
7 GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU (in national currencies) under ESA 2010 methodology Luxembourg GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Hungary GDP mp (million HUF) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million HUF) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million HUF) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million HUF) Malta GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Netherlands GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Austria GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP)
8 GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU (in national currencies) under ESA 2010 methodology Poland GDP mp (million PLN) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million PLN) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million PLN) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million PLN) Portugal GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Romania GDP mp (million RON) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million RON) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million RON) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million RON) Slovenia GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Slovakia GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP)
9 GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU (in national currencies) under ESA 2010 methodology Finland GDP mp (million euro) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million euro) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million euro) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million euro) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Sweden GDP mp (million SEK) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million SEK) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million SEK) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million SEK) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) United Kingdom* GDP mp (million GBP) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million GBP) (% of GDP) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Government revenue (% of GDP) Government debt (million GBP) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million GBP) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) Financial year (fy) 2010/ / / /2014 GDP mp (million GBP) Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) (million GBP) (% of GDP) Government debt (million GBP) (% of GDP) memo: intergovernmental lending (million GBP) in the context of the financial crisis (% of GDP) * Data refer to calendar years. Data referring to the financial year (1 April to 31 March), are shown in italics. For the United Kingdom, the relevant data for implementation of the excessive deficit procedure are financial year data.
10 Annex 1 Main revisions between the April 2014 notification (based on ESA 95) and the October 2014 notification (based on ESA 2010) In this annex, the table Revisions in government deficit/surplus and government debt ratios on the following pages shows, for each Member State, revisions of the ratios due to revisions both of deficit/surplus or debt (numerator) and GDP (denominator).the total revision for a Member State is shown in line 1, and the breakdown of the revisions in lines 2 (revisions to deficit and debt levels) and 3 (revisions due to GDP). More explanation about the revisions of deficit/surplus and debt of Member States for the years 2010 to 2013 can be found in a note, published on the Eurostat website: The revisions in the level of GDP arising both from the introduction of ESA 2010 methodology and from statistical improvements were published in a News Release on Friday 17 October 2014: Revisions in government deficit/surplus and debt levels, between the April 2014 and October 2014 notifications (line 2 in the table Revisions in government deficit/surplus and government debt ratios ), are due both to the implementation of ESA 2010 and to statistical adjustments. Three main methodological changes introduced by the ESA 2010 methodology impact on the level of the government deficit: A change in the criteria used to determine the scope of the general government sector, which may lead to the reclassification of entities into or outside the general government sector. A change in the recording of lump sums paid to government in relation to transfer of pension funds. The removal of an adjustment made for net interest flows associated with swaps and forward rate agreements. The level of the government debt is mainly impacted by the first of these changes: the inclusion/exclusion of some entities in the general government sector. A number of countries also report statistical adjustments, not related to ESA 2010, impacting the deficit and/or the debt. Deficit The table below shows the revisions of government deficit/surplus (government balance) levels for the year 2013*: more than -0.4pp -0.4pp to -0.2pp -0.2pp to 0.0pp 0.0pp to 0.2pp 0.2pp to 0.4pp more than 0.4pp LT BE, EE, HR, HU, FI, SE, UK PT, SI CZ, DK, DE, ES, FR, IT, CY, MT, NL, AT, RO, SK, LV BG, PL IE, EL, LU * Revisions to deficit/surplus ratios: a positive sign means an improved government balance relative to GDP, and a negative sign a worsening. Debt The table below shows the revisions of government debt levels for the year 2013**: over 4pp 1pp to 4pp 0pp to 1pp -1pp to 0pp BE, IE, HR, AT DK, CZ, FR, PT, FI, UK DE, EE, EL, ES, IT, CY, LV, LU, HU, RO, SI, SK BG, LT, MT, NL, PL, SE ** Revisions to debt ratios: a positive sign means a higher government debt relative to GDP, and a negative sign a lower debt. GDP The level of GDP has been revised between the April and October notifications for all Member States, due to both the implementation of ESA 2010 and to the incorporation of statistical improvements. Changes in GDP affect deficit and debt ratios due to the denominator effect.
11 Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Germany Estonia Ireland Greece Spain France Croatia Italy Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Revisions in government deficit/surplus and government debt ratios pp of GDP from the April 2014 notification (ESA 95) to the October 2014 notification (ESA 2010) Deficit/surplus* Debt** Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP * Revisions to deficit/surplus ratios: a positive sign means an improved government balance relative to GDP, and a negative sign a worsening. ** Revisions to debt ratios: a positive sign means a higher government debt relative to GDP, and a negative sign a lower debt.
12 Luxembourg Hungary Malta Netherlands Austria Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Finland Sweden United Kingdom EU28 EA18 Revisions in government deficit/surplus and government debt ratios pp of GDP from the April 2014 notification (ESA 95) to the October 2014 notification (ESA 2010) Deficit/surplus* Debt** Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP Revision in deficit/surplus and debt ratios due to revision of deficit/surplus or debt due to revision of GDP * Revisions to deficit/surplus ratios: a positive sign means an improved government balance relative to GDP, and a negative sign a worsening. ** Revisions to debt ratios: a positive sign means a higher government debt relative to GDP, and a negative sign a lower debt.
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