Traffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures. Traffic Safety Basic Facts Traffic Safety. Motorways Basic Facts 2017.

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1 Traffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015 Traffic Safety Motorways Basic Facts 2017 Motorways

2 General More than people were killed in road accidents on motorways in the European Union countries between 2006 and This number corresponds to 7% of all road fatalities in those countries. There were road accident fatalities on motorways in 2006, and the number fell by 41% in 2015 (2.048). The total number of road accident fatalities in the European Union countries also fell significantly over the same decade, by 40%. The number of people killed in road accidents on motorways fell by 41% in the decade from 2006 to Although the overall number of road fatalities decreased rather steadily, the trend for motorway fatalities has been more variable. However, a clear increase of 10% was recorded between 2014 and 2015 in the EU motorway fatalities. Figure 1: Number of fatalities on motorways and all road fatalities, EU, Total road fatalities Total road fatalities Fatalities on motorways Fatalities on motorways Table 1 provides an overview of the changes in the number of fatalities on motorways by country

3 The reduction in motorway fatalities over the decade was highest in Croatia (72%). Table 1: Number of fatalities on motorways by country, BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK EU Yearly change -7,0% -16,9% -7,4% -6,5% -7,3% -10,2% 1,8% -5,8% 10,2% CH Totals for EU include latest available data (Data for Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Malta not included in totals) Table 2 shows the percentages of road accident fatalities that occurred on motorways by country between Spain had the highest percentage of fatalities on motorways in 2015 in the EU (16%), followed by Belgium and the Netherlands (15%), Slovenia (13%) and Germany (12%). By contrast, the lowest proportion of fatalities occurring on motorways was in Romania (1%), Finland and Poland (2%)

4 Romania is the country with the lowest proportion of fatalities occurring on motorways in Table 2: Percentage of fatalities on motorways of all road fatalities by country, BE 15% 14% 15% 16% 13% 14% 12% 13% 15% 15% BG - - 4% 4% CZ 3% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% DK 5% 6% 8% 8% 11% 5% 5% 6% 8% 9% DE 13% 12% 11% 11% 12% 11% 11% 13% 11% 12% EE IE 3% 3% 1% 2% 4% 5% 3% 4% - - EL 9% 9% 8% 7% 7% 7% 6% 9% 7% 7% ES 19% 16% 16% 17% 17% 17% 16% 18% 17% 16% FR 6% 6% 5% 5% 6% 7% 6% 7% 7% 9% HR - 11% 10% 8% 8% 6% 11% 11% 7% 5% IT 10% 10% 10% 8% 9% 9% 9% 9% 8% 9% CY 12% 15% 10% 10% 15% 10% 6% 5% 7% 11% LV LT LU 14% 24% 17% 75% 91% 12% 21% 13% 9% 8% HU 4% 5% 5% 5% 6% 8% 5% 5% 4% 5% MT NL % 12% 8% 12% 12% 12% 15% AT 10% 11% 10% 10% 11% 9% 9% 7% 8% 9% PL 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% PT 9% 13% 11% 11% 12% 9% 8% 7% 8% 10% RO 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% SI 13% 13% 6% 18% 14% 14% 15% 13% 14% 13% SK 2% 3% 2% 2% 4% FI 5% 4% 3% 4% 1% 4% 5% 3% 3% 2% SE 6% 5% 5% 6% 9% 6% 6% 8% 11% - UK 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 6% 5% 6% EU 8% 8% 7% 7% 8% 7% 7% 8% 7% 8% CH 8% 12% 8% 10% 7% 7% 19% 9% 5% 8% Figure 2a: Number of fatalities on motorways and percentage of all road fatalities, EU, % 8% 6% % Number of fatalities on motorways Percentage of total road fatalities % 0% Note that in six countries (Germany, Ireland, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland and Slovakia) a significant number of fatalities are recorded in the CARE data as being on non-specified road network type (it is not known whether or not they occurred on a motorway). In Lithuania, there is no distinction of road fatalities by road type

5 Figure 2b: Distribution of fatalities on motorways and on other types of roads by country, 2015 or latest available year 100% 90% Spain had the highest percentage of road accident fatalities on motorways (16%) in % 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% ES NL BE SI DE SE CY PT DK IT FR AT LU EU EL HU UK HR IE CZ SK FI PL RO LV MT EE LT Motorway Other types of road Unknown Table 3 shows the rate of fatalities on motorways per million population between 2006 and The rate in 2015 was highest in Belgium (9,6), while the average EU rate was 4,1 fatalities per million population. The fatality rate on motorways, in the EU, decreased by almost 43% between 2006 and Table 3: Motorway fatality rates per million population by country, BE 15,6 14,5 13,0 13,9 9,8 10,9 8,2 8,4 9,7 9,6 BG - - 5,1 4, CZ 3,6 4,7 2,9 2,4 2,7 2,0 2,1 2,4 2,4 3,0 DK 2,9 4,4 5,7 4,4 4,9 2,2 1,4 2,1 2,5 2,8 DE 7,8 7,3 6,0 5,8 5,3 5,5 4,8 5,3 4,6 5,1 EE IE 2,6 2,3 0,4 0,9 2,0 2,0 1,1 1,7 - - EL 13,4 12,7 10,8 9,7 7,8 7,3 5,1 7,2 5,1 4,9 ES 17,6 13,8 10,9 10,1 9,0 7,3 6,5 6,3 6,2 6,0 FR 4,7 4,3 3,6 3,5 3,7 4,1 3,4 3,6 3,3 4,5 HR - 15,1 15,5 10,0 7,7 5,4 10,1 9,6 5,4 4,3 IT 10,2 9,0 7,7 5,9 6,4 5,7 5,6 5,4 4,7 5,0 CY 13,4 17,2 10,3 8,8 11,0 8,3 3,5 2,3 3,5 7,1 LV LT LU 12,8 23,1 12,4 72,9 57,8 7,8 13,3 11,2 5,5 5,3 HU 5,5 6,1 5,4 3,8 4,4 4,9 3,1 3,0 2,7 3,4 MT NL ,0 3,9 2,6 4,1 3,5 3,4 4,8 AT 9,0 8,9 8,5 7,3 7,1 5,5 5,9 3,7 4,2 4,8 PL 1,4 1,4 0,9 1,1 0,7 1,0 1,2 1,1 1,5 1,6 PT 8,0 12,1 9,1 8,4 10,5 7,9 5,5 4,2 4,8 5,9 RO 2,4 1,9 1,0 1,2 0,9 0,8 0,8 1,2 1,1 1,0 SI 16,5 18,4 6,5 14,8 9,3 9,8 9,7 7,8 7,3 7,3 SK 2,8 3,5 2,6 1,7 2, FI 3,2 2,7 1,7 2,3 0,7 2,0 2,4 1,5 1,5 1,1 SE 3,1 2,7 2,0 2,3 2,6 2,1 1,9 2,2 3,2 - UK 3,1 3,0 2,6 2,1 1,9 1,7 1,4 1,6 1,5 1,7 EU 7,1 6,6 5,5 5,0 4,7 4,3 3,9 4,0 3,7 4,1 CH 4,2 6,3 3,6 4,4 3,0 2,8 7,9 2,9 1,5 2,5 Sources: CARE database (EUROSTAT for population data), data available in May

6 Figure 3 shows that the fatality rate on motorways in the EU decreased by almost 43% between 2006 and 2015, from 7,1 fatalities per million population in 2006 to 4,1 in Figure 3: Motorway fatality rates per million population by country, 2006 and 2015 or latest available year The fatality rate on motorways in the EU fell from 7,1 fatalities per million population in 2006 to 4,1 in EU EU BE SI CY ES PT LU DE IT EL NL AT FR HR EU HU SE CZ DK IE UK PL FI RO Sources: CARE database (EUROSTAT for population data), data available in May 2017 A fairer comparison of the level of safety on motorways involves the fatality rate per thousand kilometres of motorway. Using this exposure measure (motorway network length), Table 4 and Figure 4 show that the motorway fatality rate decreased by 88% in Romania and by 80% in Greece between 2006 and Furthermore, the average rate for the EU was halved between 2006 (54,4) and 2015 (27,3)

7 The fatality rate per km of motorways in Romania decreased by 88% between 2006 and Table 4: Motorway fatality rates per km of motorways by country, BE 93,0 86,8 78,8 85,1 60,1 68,1 51,6 53,3 61,3 61,3 BG ,9 86, CZ 58,5 73,1 43,4 34,3 38,1 28,2 29,3 32,2 32,2 41,2 DK 14,9 21,6 27,5 21,3 23,9 10,6 6,7 10,0 10,9 12,4 DE 51,5 47,8 39,1 37,1 33,5 35,3 30,0 33,1 29,0 31,9 EE IE 40,7 37,2 4,7 6,0 10,0 10,0 5,6 8,9 - - EL 160,4 152,8 130,9 117,8 52,5 48,8 34,4 47,6 33,8 32,0 ES 64,3 47,5 36,7 33,2 29,3 23,4 20,7 19,7 19,3 18,1 FR 27,3 24,9 21,1 20,2 20,9 23,5 19,5 20,6 19,0 25,7 HR - 56,2 55,9 34,6 26,5 18,3 34,3 31,8 17,8 13,7 IT 90,0 79,8 68,2 52,5 56,4 50,7 49,1 47,5 41,9 45,3 CY 38,9 50,6 31,1 27,2 35,0 27,2 11,7 7,8 11,7 22,1 LV LT LU 40,8 74,8 40,8 236,8 190,8 26,3 46,1 39,5 19,7 18,6 HU 70,1 71,1 42,4 29,9 29,8 32,3 20,5 17,0 15,2 18,0 MT NL ,5 24,3 16,2 25,6 22,1 21,3 29,7 AT 44,1 43,6 41,9 36,0 34,3 26,8 29,1 18,0 20,9 23,9 PL 83,0 79,9 45,8 50,6 32,7 34,6 32,2 27,0 36,0 39,1 PT 33,1 48,9 35,8 32,9 40,6 30,7 19,4 14,5 16,3 20,4 RO 219,3 145,9 74,7 77,9 54,2 45,7 30,9 37,3 30,7 25,4 SI 57,0 63,9 18,7 40,2 24,7 26,0 26,0 20,8 19,5 19,4 SK 45,8 52,1 36,5 23,0 33, FI 24,3 20,0 12,2 15,7 5,1 13,9 16,7 9,9 9,1 6,8 SE 16,1 13,6 9,7 10,9 12,2 10,2 9,0 10,3 14,8 - UK 51,6 50,4 43,6 35,9 32,1 28,8 23,8 27,2 25,5 29,5 EU 54,4 49,3 39,9 36,2 32,9 30,2 26,7 26,7 25,0 27,3 CH 22,8 34,0 19,5 24,2 16,4 15,5 44,4 16,2 8,4 11,6 Sources: CARE database (EUROSTAT, EC, IRF for road length data), data available in May 2017 Figure 4: Motorway fatality rates per km of motorways by country, EU, 2006 and 2015 or latest available year The average fatality rate per thousand kilometres of motorways for EU fell by 50% between 2006 and EU EU BE IT CZ PL EL DE NL UK EU FR RO AT CY PT SI LU ES HU SE HR DK IE FI Sources: CARE database (EUROSTAT, EC, IRF for road length data), data available in May 2017 Belgium is the country with the highest number of fatalities on motorways per thousand kilometres of motorway network in Conversely, the fatality rate in Finland in 2015 (6,8) is clearly lower than the average rate for EU countries (27,3)

8 In the following tables and figures, the CARE data for 2015 are analysed in greater detail. It should be noted that the latest available data are used, meaning 2009 data for BG, 2010 data for MT and SK, 2013 data for IE and 2014 data for SE. The highest percentage of fatalities on motorways in the EU in 2015 occurred in the age group. Age Group Table 5a shows the distribution of fatalities on motorways in 2015 by age group in the EU countries, while Table 5b shows the respective distribution on non-motorway road network. Of the age groups studied, the highest percentage of fatalities on motorways occurred in the age group. Table 5a: Total number and distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and age group, 2015 or latest available year < >64 Unknown Total BE 5% 12% 53% 18% 13% 0% 108 BG 8% 19% 64% 8% 0% 0% 36 CZ 3% 6% 56% 31% 3% 0% 32 DK 0% 50% 38% 13% 0% 0% 16 DE 4% 13% 44% 26% 13% 0% 414 EE IE 13% 0% 50% 0% 38% 0% 8 EL 2% 13% 45% 19% 21% 0% 53 ES 4% 8% 43% 24% 21% 1% 277 FR 6% 19% 45% 16% 14% 0% 298 HR 6% 17% 28% 33% 17% 0% 18 IT 2% 9% 44% 23% 18% 5% 305 CY 17% 17% 50% 0% 17% 0% 6 LV LT LU 0% 0% 33% 67% 0% 0% 3 HU 6% 18% 50% 21% 6% 0% 34 MT NL 5% 17% 36% 23% 19% 0% 81 AT 0% 15% 51% 22% 12% 0% 41 PL 3% 10% 62% 20% 5% 0% 61 PT 2% 8% 49% 26% 15% 0% 61 RO 0% 21% 68% 11% 0% 0% 19 SI 7% 13% 53% 27% 0% 0% 15 SK 0% 21% 50% 29% 0% 0% 14 FI 0% 83% 17% 0% 0% 0% 6 SE 0% 10% 52% 16% 23% 0% 31 UK 1% 16% 50% 15% 17% 0% 111 EU 4% 13% 46% 21% 15% 1% CH 10% 24% 38% 19% 10% 0%

9 Table 5b shows that in the EU countries, the highest percentage of fatalities on non-motorway roads was also in the age group. It is noted that the over 64 age group is less involved in motorway fatalities (15%) than in non-motorway fatalities (27%). The over 64 age group is less involved in motorway fatalities (15%) than in non-motorway fatalities (27%). Table 5b: Total number and distribution of fatalities on non-motorway road network by country and age group, 2015 or latest available year < >64 Unknown Total BE 5% 14% 34% 19% 27% 0% 614 BG 7% 17% 40% 18% 18% 0% 865 CZ 3% 14% 37% 20% 25% 0% 702 DK 6% 15% 30% 19% 30% 0% 162 DE 5% 14% 28% 20% 34% 0% EE IE 5% 20% 39% 12% 24% 0% 180 EL 3% 14% 37% 16% 29% 1% 740 ES 3% 9% 38% 18% 32% 0% FR 7% 18% 35% 16% 25% 0% HR 6% 13% 41% 22% 18% 0% 330 IT 3% 11% 33% 18% 33% 1% CY 2% 20% 41% 8% 29% 0% 51 LV 9% 11% 35% 22% 18% 5% 188 LT LU 6% 15% 30% 24% 24% 0% 33 HU 3% 9% 42% 23% 23% 0% 610 MT 8% 31% 54% 8% 0% 0% 13 NL 6% 13% 26% 20% 36% 0% 416 AT 6% 15% 28% 19% 31% 0% 438 PL 5% 15% 36% 24% 21% 0% PT 4% 8% 33% 23% 32% 0% 522 RO 6% 11% 37% 22% 24% 0% SI 6% 13% 30% 24% 28% 0% 105 SK 5% 16% 33% 18% 13% 15% 357 FI 8% 17% 30% 20% 26% 0% 260 SE 5% 10% 28% 19% 38% 0% 217 UK 6% 17% 35% 17% 25% 0% EU 5% 14% 34% 19% 27% 1% CH 5% 15% 27% 18% 35% 0%

10 Figure 5a shows the distribution of fatalities on motorways by age group and road user type in the EU in Compared to the other road users, a lower but notable percentage of fatalities were pedestrians (3% - 14%, depending on age group). The percentage of driver fatalities on motorways is highest for the age group (69%), followed by the age group (65%). The majority of killed people aged below 18 years were passengers (93%). Figure 5a: Distribution of fatalities on motorways by age group and road user type, EU, 2015 or latest available year 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% On motorways, the percentage of drivers fatalities is highest for the age group, whereas on the remaining road network it is highest for the age group. 0% < >64 Pedestrian Passenger Driver Figure 5b shows the distribution for non-motorway roads that corresponds to the motorway distribution of Figure 5a. On these roads, the percentage of drivers fatalities is highest in the age group (75%). Young road users (up to 18 years old) were mostly killed as passengers on nonmotorway roads (45%). In addition, on non-motorway roads, 24% of killed people aged below 18 years and 37% of elderly fatalities (more than 64 years old) were pedestrians. Figure 5b: Distribution of fatalities on non-motorway road network by age group and road user type, EU, 2015 or latest available year 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% < >64 Pedestrian Passenger Driver

11 Map 1: Distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and age group, 2015 or latest available year

12 Road User Type and Transport Mode Table 6 shows the distribution of fatalities on motorways and nonmotorway road network by road user type in More passenger fatalities occurred on motorways than on non-motorways in Proportionately the number of pedestrians killed on nonmotorways was twice the respective on motorways. Table 6: Total number and distribution of fatalities on motorways and nonmotorway road network by road user type and country, EU, 2015 or latest available year Motorways Non-motorways Driver Passen Pedest Passen Pedest Total Driver ger rian ger rian Total BE 73% 22% 5% % 11% 14% 614 BG 47% 50% 3% 36 48% 29% 23% 865 CZ 44% 34% 22% 32 63% 16% 20% 702 DK 69% 19% 13% 16 72% 13% 15% 162 DE 64% 26% 10% % 9% 19% EE IE 75% 13% 13% 8 66% 18% 17% 180 EL 62% 32% 6% 53 71% 18% 11% 92 ES 59% 25% 16% % 15% 23% FR 56% 28% 16% % 17% 13% HR 67% 28% 6% 18 65% 17% 18% 330 IT 67% 28% 5% % 13% 19% CY 33% 50% 17% 6 61% 10% 29% 51 LV % 21% 34% 188 LT LU 100% 0% 0% 3 70% 9% 21% 33 HU 24% 56% 21% 34 57% 20% 23% 610 MT % 31% 15% 13 NL 65% 14% 10% 81 79% 5% 11% 416 AT 49% 37% 15% 41 71% 11% 18% 438 PL 52% 38% 10% 61 52% 18% 30% PT 69% 23% 8% 61 60% 13% 27% 522 RO 53% 26% 21% 19 42% 23% 34% SI 53% 47% 0% 15 71% 12% 15% 105 SK 50% 36% 14% 14 46% 20% 35% 357 FI 50% 33% 17% 6 72% 16% 12% 260 SE 61% 23% 16% 31 65% 14% 21% 217 UK 65% 21% 14% % 15% 24% EU 61% 27% 11% % 16% 22% CH 71% 19% 10% 21 66% 10% 24% 232 Ireland and Belgium had the highest percentages of driver fatalities on motorways (75% and 73% respectively), while Bulgaria had the highest percentage of passenger fatalities on motorways (50%). As far as pedestrian fatalities on non-motorway roads are concerned, the highest percentage of fatalities occurred in Romania and Latvia (34%)

13 Map 2: Distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and road user type, 2015 or latest available year

14 59% of fatalities on motorways across the EU countries were car or taxi occupants. About 11% of fatalities on motorways across the EU countries were pedestrians. Table 7 shows the number of fatalities on motorways in 2015 by mode of transport. About 59% of fatalities on motorways across the EU countries were car or taxi occupants and almost 10% of fatalities were users of two-wheelers. Table 7: Total number and distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and mode of transport, 2015 or latest available year Car/Taxi Lorries Twowheelers Pedestrian Other Total BE 62% 9% 9% 5% 15% 108 BG 94% 3% 0% 3% 0% 36 CZ 56% 3% 6% 22% 13% 32 DK 56% 19% 6% 13% 6% 16 DE 62% 7% 7% 10% 14% 414 EE 0 IE 63% 0% 25% 13% 0% 8 EL 64% 6% 21% 6% 4% 53 ES 49% 8% 16% 16% 11% 277 FR 57% 5% 15% 16% 7% 298 HR 67% 11% 6% 6% 11% 18 IT 59% 14% 10% 5% 12% 305 CY 83% 0% 0% 17% 0% 6 LV 0 LT 0 LU 67% 0% 0% 0% 33% 3 HU 71% 3% 0% 21% 6% 34 MT 0 NL 68% 5% 10% 10% 7% 81 AT 66% 12% 0% 15% 7% 41 PL 67% 0% 3% 10% 20% 61 PT 54% 16% 11% 8% 10% 61 RO 42% 37% 0% 21% 0% 19 SI 33% 0% 13% 0% 53% 15 SK 71% 0% 7% 14% 7% 14 FI 83% 0% 0% 17% 0% 6 SE 58% 3% 13% 16% 10% 31 UK 56% 7% 8% 14% 14% 111 EU 59% 8% 10% 11% 11% CH 48% 5% 33% 10% 5% 21 Figure 6a shows that in 2015, 22% of fatally injured on motorways in the Czech Republic were pedestrians, the highest percentage among the EU countries. Furthermore, Hungary and Romania had high percentages of pedestrian fatalities on motorways (21%)

15 Figure 6a: Distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and mode of transport, 2015 or latest available year More than one fifth of fatalities on motorways in the Czech Republic were allotted to pedestrians, the highest percentage among the EU countries. SI RO ES PT UK DK CZ FR SE IT EU BE DE IE EL AT LU HR PL NL HU SK FI CY BG 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Car/Taxi Lorry/Bus Two-wheeler Pedestrian Other/Unknown It is worth noticing that in 2015, 10% of the fatalities occurring on motorways in the EU countries were allotted to users of two wheeled vehicles (motorcycle, moped or pedal cycle users), with Ireland and Greece having the highest percentages (25% and 21% respectively). By comparison, Figure 6b shows that 27% of fatalities on non-motorway roads were users of two wheeled vehicles with Denmark and the Netherlands having the highest percentage (39%). Figure 6b: Distribution of fatalities on non-motorway road network by country and mode of transport, 2015 or latest available year SI RO ES PT UK DK CZ FR SE IT EU BE DE IE EL AT LU HR PL NL HU SK FI CY BG 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Car/Taxi Lorry/Bus Two-wheeler Pedestrian Other/Unknown

16 Manoeuvre Type Table 8a shows that the vehicle manoeuvre most frequently associated with fatalities on motorways in the EU countries is driving straight ahead. About 25% of fatally injured were occupants of vehicles, who were driving straight ahead and making no other manoeuvre. However, the corresponding percentage for this manoeuvre on non-motorway network is lower (18%), as shown in Table 8b, maybe due to the large number of not defined manoeuvres. More specifically, in 9 countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden) almost all manoeuvres on motorways and on non-motorways are not defined. Table 8a: Total number and distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and manoeuvre type, 2015 or latest available year changing lane over taking stopped/ stopping straight ahead turning u turn other not defined Total The vehicle manoeuvre most frequently associated with fatalities on motorways in the EU countries is driving straight ahead. BE 0% 6% 0% 27% 1% 0% 63% 4% 108 BG 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 36 CZ 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 32 DK 0% 0% 6% 88% 0% 0% 6% 0% 16 DE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 414 EE IE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 88% 13% 8 EL 6% 0% 0% 43% 2% 0% 28% 21% 53 ES 0% 2% 4% 48% 1% 0% 24% 19% 277 FR 19% 2% 1% 43% 0% 0% 26% 9% 298 HR 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 18 IT 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 305 CY 0% 0% 0% 17% 17% 0% 67% 0% 6 LV LT LU 0% 33% 0% 67% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3 HU 3% 6% 0% 71% 0% 0% 18% 3% 34 MT NL 2% 0% 0% 46% 1% 0% 7% 43% 81 AT 0% 0% 0% 17% 0% 0% 5% 78% 41 PL 5% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 89% 5% 61 PT 0% 0% 15% 79% 0% 0% 7% 0% 61 RO 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 21% 79% 19 SI 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 15 SK 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 14 FI 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 6 SE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 31 UK 7% 1% 13% 58% 0% 0% 19% 3% 111 EU 4% 1% 2% 25% 0% 0% 16% 52% CH 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

17 Table 8b: Total number and distribution of fatalities on non-motorway road network by country and manoeuvre type, 2015 or latest available year changing lane over taking stopped/ stopping straight ahead turning u turn other not defined Total 50% of manoeuvres on motorways and non-motorways in the EU were "not defined" in BE 0% 7% 0% 26% 6% 0% 47% 14% 614 BG 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 865 CZ 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 11% 89% 702 DK 3% 0% 4% 70% 10% 0% 12% 1% 162 DE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% EE IE 0% 4% 0% 0% 7% 0% 67% 22% 180 EL 1% 1% 0% 25% 7% 1% 44% 21% 740 ES 1% 3% 1% 29% 2% 0% 36% 28% FR 22% 4% 0% 44% 3% 0% 20% 7% HR 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 330 IT 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% CY 0% 0% 0% 59% 4% 0% 31% 6% 51 LV 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 188 LT LU 3% 6% 6% 30% 0% 0% 55% 0% 33 HU 1% 5% 0% 64% 6% 0% 24% 0% 610 MT NL 0% 0% 0% 50% 6% 0% 13% 30% 416 AT 0% 4% 0% 19% 4% 0% 6% 66% 438 PL 1% 5% 0% 0% 1% 0% 76% 17% PT 0% 2% 8% 58% 2% 1% 27% 2% 522 RO 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 30% 70% SI 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 105 SK 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 357 FI 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 260 SE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 217 UK 1% 6% 2% 42% 3% 0% 42% 4% EU 4% 2% 1% 18% 2% 0% 24% 50% CH 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

18 Lighting Conditions Figure 7 shows that, in 2015, 44% of the fatalities on motorways in the EU countries occurred in accidents during daylight or twilight. The respective percentage for the remaining road network in the EU appears to be only slightly higher (55%). Note that the high percentage of fatalities for which the lighting condition is not defined means that the actual percentages are rather higher. Figure 7: Distribution of fatalities on motorways and non-motorway road network by lighting conditions, EU, 2015 or latest available year MOTORWAYS NON-MOTORWAYS Not defined 19% Darkness 37% Not defined 17% Darkness 29% 44% of the fatalities on motorways in the EU countries occurred in accidents during daylight or twilight. Daylight/ Twilight 44% Daylight/ Twilight 55% Furthermore, 37% of the fatalities on motorways occurred in darkness, whereas on non-motorway network, the respective percentage is lower, with 29%

19 Day of the week Table 9 shows that in the EU countries in 2015, there is only a slight difference between the percentage of fatalities on motorways per fatalities on the remaining road network on different days of the week. In the EU there is only a slight difference between the percentage of fatalities on motorways per fatalities on the remaining road network on different days of the week. Table 9: Percentage of fatalities on motorways per fatalities on non-motorway road network by country and day of the week, 2015 or latest available year Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Total BE 24% 31% 13% 21% 16% 15% 10% 18% BG 4% 4% 1% 6% 2% 7% 4% 4% CZ 6% 7% 2% 10% 2% 3% 2% 5% DK 3% 4% 5% 11% 4% 31% 25% 10% DE 20% 22% 21% 18% 22% 14% 20% 20% EE IE 0% 6% 5% 4% 9% 0% 7% 4% EL 3% 7% 8% 10% 7% 11% 5% 7% ES 21% 16% 22% 22% 19% 15% 24% 20% FR 8% 7% 12% 10% 9% 10% 10% 9% HR 9% 19% 4% 6% 3% 1% 2% 5% IT 12% 10% 10% 10% 9% 8% 10% 10% CY 0% 25% 9% 29% 0% 17% 11% 12% LV % LT LU 50% 25% 0% 33% 0% 0% 0% 9% HU 9% 4% 9% 10% 4% 3% 3% 6% MT NL 21% 20% 22% 12% 13% 21% 31% 19% AT 15% 11% 11% 6% 13% 7% 3% 9% PL 3% 2% 4% 3% 1% 3% 2% 3% PT 3% 14% 25% 19% 14% 9% 6% 12% RO 0% 1% 2% 1% 2% 0% 1% 1% SI 56% 22% 4% 11% 17% 9% 9% 14% SK 4% 8% 0% 0% 8% 3% 4% 4% FI 0% 3% 2% 7% 0% 2% 3% 2% SE 6% 10% 19% 17% 13% 19% 14% 14% UK 10% 9% 4% 5% 6% 6% 6% 7% EU 10% 10% 10% 10% 9% 8% 9% 9% CH 6% 4% 4% 11% 11% 6% 20% 9%

20 Seasonality Table 10a shows that in the EU countries, the peak period for fatalities on motorways is July/August (22%). However, the peak periods differ among countries. The lowest percentage of motorway fatalities was recorded in March and April (13%). In the EU, the peak period for fatalities on motorways is July/August (22%). Table 10a: Total number and distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and month, 2015 or latest available year Jan/Feb Mar/Apr May/Jun Jul/Aug Sep/Oct Nov/Dec Total BE 8% 15% 17% 28% 16% 17% 108 BG 8% 19% 17% 39% 3% 14% 36 CZ 9% 6% 16% 16% 28% 25% 32 DK 19% 19% 19% 6% 25% 13% 16 DE 11% 16% 19% 18% 20% 16% 414 EE IE 50% 0% 13% 13% 0% 25% 8 EL 19% 8% 19% 23% 6% 26% 53 ES 11% 13% 14% 26% 18% 18% 277 FR 17% 11% 16% 18% 22% 16% 298 HR 11% 6% 6% 39% 28% 11% 18 IT 16% 12% 18% 22% 16% 15% 305 CY 17% 0% 0% 50% 17% 17% 6 LV LT LU 33% 0% 33% 0% 0% 33% 3 HU 15% 6% 24% 18% 29% 9% 34 MT NL 12% 12% 15% 23% 23% 14% 81 AT 12% 20% 12% 20% 24% 12% 41 PL 13% 8% 13% 28% 21% 16% 61 PT 13% 11% 18% 11% 20% 26% 61 RO 26% 11% 16% 26% 11% 11% 19 SI 0% 7% 13% 53% 0% 27% 15 SK 14% 14% 14% 29% 7% 21% 14 FI 67% 17% 0% 17% 0% 0% 6 SE 10% 19% 23% 23% 10% 16% 31 UK 19% 14% 16% 23% 11% 18% 111 EU 14% 13% 17% 22% 18% 17% CH 5% 5% 19% 29% 24% 19% 21 Table 10b shows that in 2015 the average monthly percentage of fatalities on motorways per fatalities on non-motorways in the EU was almost 9%, with the highest percentage being recorded during the summer and in February. It should be noted that the unknown road network fatalities are not included in the described results

21 In 2015, the average monthly percentage of fatalities on motorways per fatalities on nonmotorways in the EU was almost 9%. Table 10b: Percentage of fatalities on motorways per fatalities on nonmotorway road network by country and month, 2015 or latest available year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec BE 9% 10% 32% 11% 20% 14% 20% 31% 15% 20% 19% 13% BG 7% 0% 2% 9% 1% 8% 11% 4% 1% 0% 3% 5% CZ 8% 0% 4% 0% 4% 5% 5% 1% 10% 1% 8% 7% DK 7% 20% 17% 13% 8% 18% 0% 9% 14% 10% 14% 0% DE 24% 15% 23% 19% 15% 24% 14% 22% 23% 20% 19% 18% EE IE 27% 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 14% EL 6% 16% 4% 3% 5% 11% 1% 13% 2% 4% 18% 7% ES 18% 12% 18% 20% 15% 15% 23% 31% 20% 19% 22% 19% FR 8% 15% 7% 8% 8% 10% 8% 10% 11% 12% 6% 11% HR 9% 0% 0% 6% 0% 4% 14% 5% 8% 7% 0% 8% IT 11% 13% 9% 7% 15% 7% 11% 9% 9% 9% 10% 8% CY 0% 33% 0% 0% 0% 0% 13% 67% 14% 0% 0% 17% LV LT LU - 100% 0% 0% 0% 25% 0% 0% 0% 0% 33% 0% HU 8% 2% 0% 7% 6% 10% 7% 4% 14% 3% 0% 5% MT NL 21% 15% 10% 21% 21% 19% 25% 29% 28% 19% 11% 17% AT 0% 24% 20% 7% 13% 0% 10% 6% 17% 6% 10% 6% PL 2% 3% 2% 1% 1% 4% 6% 2% 1% 5% 3% 1% PT 4% 20% 7% 11% 5% 19% 15% 2% 13% 18% 18% 18% RO 3% 2% 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 2% 0% 1% 1% 0% SI 0% 0% 10% 0% 25% 10% 24% 27% 0% 0% 14% 75% SK 3% 4% 11% 0% 0% 8% 11% 0% 0% 2% 2% 9% FI 29% 0% 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% SE 6% 15% 24% 13% 24% 14% 9% 31% 8% 8% 15% 11% UK 7% 9% 9% 4% 6% 7% 9% 7% 5% 4% 5% 7% EU 9% 10% 9% 8% 9% 10% 10% 10% 9% 8% 9% 9% CH 0% 13% 0% 6% 4% 11% 14% 12% 15% 7% 13% 12% Although for 2015 the EU average monthly percentage was between 8% and 10%, there were considerably higher percentages in some countries in some months. A very high percentage of motorway fatalities occurred in Slovenia in December (75%)

22 Notes 1. Country abbreviations Belgium BE Italy IT Romania RO Bulgaria BG Cyprus CY Slovenia SI Czech Republic CZ Latvia LV Slovakia SK Denmark DK Lithuania LT Finland FI Germany DE Luxembourg LU Sweden SE Estonia EE Hungary HU United Kingdom UK Ireland IE Malta MT Greece EL Netherlands NL Iceland IS Spain ES Austria AT Liechtenstein LI France FR Poland PL Norway NO Croatia HR Portugal PT Switzerland CH 2. Sources: CARE (Community database on road accidents) The full glossary of definitions of variables used in this Report is available at: 3. Data available in May Data refer to 2015 and when not available the latest available data are used (2009 data for BG, 2010 data for MT and SK, 2013 data for IE and 2014 data for SE). Totals and related average percentages for EU also include latest available data. 5. Data for Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Malta not included in the totals. 6. At the commenting of the tables and figures, countries with small figures are omitted. 7. This 2017 edition of Traffic Safety Basic Facts updates the previous versions produced within the EU co-funded research projects SafetyNet and DaCoTA. 8. Disclaimer This report has been produced by the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), the Austrian Road Safety Board (KFV) and the European Union Road Federation (ERF) under a contract with the European Commission. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the matter presented in this report is relevant, accurate and up-to-date, the Partners cannot accept any liability for any error or omission, or reliance on part or all of the content in another context. Any information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission s behalf may be held responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained therein. 9. Please refer to this Report as follows: European Commission, Traffic Safety Basic Facts on Motorways, European Commission, Directorate General for Transport, June

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