Modelo de Desarrollo Sustentable Para el Aprovechamiento de Recursos de Gas a Través de Clusters Industriales

Transcription

1 Modelo de Desarrollo Sustentable Para el Aprovechamiento de Recursos de Gas a Través de Clusters Industriales Presented at the COLOMBIAN OIL & GAS CONFERENCE OFFSHORE: UNA VENTAJA COMPETITIVA Serving Energy and Environmental Clients With Worldwide Office Headquarters: 340 S. Broadway Lexington, Kentucky Locations

2 ECSI, LLC ECSI, LLC is a partnership between Lafayette Cumberland, Inc., and Ecology and Environment, Inc., (E & E) a Buffalo, New York- based consulting firm with over forty years experience and an international reputation in environmental services. ECSI has international oil and gas experience in China (Ordos Basin), Brazil, Madagascar and Egypt, as well as multiple projects in the United States. ECSI, LLC s predecessor, Engineering and Consulting Services Incorporated, an engineering company headquartered in Lexington, Kentucky, was founded in ECSI has been providing high quality engineering services for 30 years. Its personnel include engineers, geologists, biologists, scientists, and land surveyors, as well as environmental, health and safety specialists and assorted technical support personnel. ECSI s professionals are members of reputable international organizations such as the Society For Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, the Society of Petroleum Engineers, the American Institute of Petroleum Geologists and have participated in oil & gas projects in the United States and abroad, having served private and publicly traded clients (NYSE, HKEx, TSX, LSE, etc.)

3 ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT, INC. E & E has over 40 years experience serving the oil and gas industry. It has a proven track record of developing cost effective solutions to help clients maintain drilling and construction schedules for unconventional shale oil and gas development, including coalbed methane and shale gas. With offices in key shale oil and gas states and a depth of multidisciplinary staff resources, including trained compliance professionals, it offers established relationships with regulatory agencies, positive public image and credibility, and a comprehensive understanding of hydraulic fracturing and oil and gas upstream/ midstream and local/regional issues, particularly water issues. E & E employs specialists in more than 85 scientific, engineering, and technical disciplines, based in offices in major cities across the United States and around the globe.

4 ECSI/E&E RELEVANT SERVICES FOR THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY Oil & Gas Resources Assessment and Valuations Due Diligence Assessments Water and Wastewater Management Engineering and Mitigation Environmental Assessments Environmental Compliance Database Development/ Management:

5 COLOMBIAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHALLENGES U.S Natural Gas Pipeline Network, 2009 Colombian Gas Pipeline Network, 2012

6 COLOMBIAN GAS PIPELINE NETWORK Colombian Gas Pipeline Network, 2012

7 COMPOSITION OF NEW CAPITAL INVESTMENT BY ASSET TYPE

8 COMPOSITION OF NEW CAPITAL INVESTMENT BY CHEMICAL INDUSTRY SEGMENT

9 US CHEMICAL INDUSTRY GROWTH COMPARED WITH GROWTH IN WESTERN EUROPE Sources: Eruostat, Federal Reserve, ACC analysis

10 SHARE OF THE GLOBAL INCREMENTAL GAIN IN THE PRODUCTION OF CHEMICALS EXCLUDING PHARMACEUTICALS FROM 2012 THROUGH 2020

11 FUEL, POWER AND FEEDSTOCK COSTS AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL COSTS FOR SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS

12 SIMPLIFIED CHEMICAL VALUE CHAINS

13 SIMPLIFIED CHEMICAL VALUE CHAINS

14 SIMPLIFIED CHEMICAL VALUE CHAINS

15 SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE The term Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is commonly used as a generic term to refer to any modern economic zone. Broadly, SEZs are located within a country's national borders but they have different business laws. The aims of the zones include: Ø increased trade, Ø increased investment, Ø job creation Ø effective administration. To encourage businesses to set up in the zone liberal policies are introduced. There policies typically regard investing, taxation, trading, quotas, customs and labor regulations. Additionally, companies may be offered tax holidays. The host country may be particularly interested in foreign direct investment.

16 DEFINITION of 'Special Economic Zone - SEZ' Designated areas in countries that possess special economic regulations that are different from other areas in the same country. Moreover, these regulations tend to contain measures that are conducive to foreign direct investment. Conducting business in a SEZ usually means that a company will receive tax incentives and the opportunity to pay lower tariffs. While many countries have set up special economic zones, China has been the most successful in using SEZ to attract foreign capital. In fact, China has even declared an entire province (Hainan) to be an SEZ, which is quite distinct, as most SEZs are cities. E has over Colombian Gas Pipeline Network, 2012

17 SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES IN CHINA Colombian Gas Pipeline Network, 2012

18 SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE Shenzhen is the most successful SEZ in China with a population of 10 million within 20 years. Brazil, India, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, South Korea, Russia, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Cambodia and North Korea also established SEZ following the Chinese examples. Currently, Puno, Peru was slated to become a "Zona Economica" by then- president Alan Garcia.

19 OPERATOR Fully Public: Government Operator Government Developer Government Regulator Fully Private: Private Operator Private Developer Public Regulator In many cases, public sector operators and developers act as quasi- government agencies in that they have a pseudo- corporate institutional structure and have budgetary autonomy. SEZs are often developed under a public- private partnership arrangement, in which the public sector provides some level of support (provision of off- site infrastructure, equity investment, soft loans, bond issues, etc.) to enable a private sector developer to obtain a reasonable rate of return on the project (typically 10-20% depending on risk levels).

20 DESIGNATION OF THE TYPES OF SEZ To cater for various socio- economic and regional planning considerations, the Bill provides for the designation of the following types of SEZ: Free ports: duty- free areas adjacent to a port of entry where imported goods may be unloaded for value- adding activities, repackaging, storage and subsequent re- export, subject to special customs procedures. Free trade zones: duty- free areas offering storage and distribution facilities for value- adding activities within a special economic zone. Industrial development zones: purpose- built industrial estates that leverage domestic and foreign fixed direct investment in value- added and export- oriented manufacturing industries and services. Sector development zones: zones focused on the development of specific sectors or industries through the facilitation of general or specific industrial infrastructure, incentives, technical and business services primarily for the export market.

21 THE COLOMBIAN SCENARIO This proposal specifically refers to the possibility of creating industrial development zones within clusters to be created, with the specific purpose of using Colombia s untapped gas resources as a viable source of energy to promote industrial growth. These clusters would meet all of the specific characteristics of a Special Economic zone: They will be developed within geographically delimited areas; They will preferably have a single management or administration; They will offer benefits based on physical location within the zone; and They will have streamlined procedures.

22 POTENTIAL BENEFITS DERIVED FROM SEZS The following table, prepared by World Bank staff, shows the potential benefits of establishing Special Economic Zones: Poten&al Benefits Derived from SEZs Foreign Exchange earnings Foreign Direct Investment Employment genera&on Government revenue Export growth Skills upgrading Tes&ng field for wider economic reform Technology transfer Demonstra&on effect Export diversifica&on Enhancing trade efficiency of domes&c firms Source: World Bank staff Direct benefits Indirect benefits

23 ECONOMIC POLICIES OF SEZS 1. Special tax incentives for foreign investments in the SEZs. 2. Greater independence on international trade activities. 3. Economic characteristics are represented as "4 principles": 1. Construction primarily relies on attracting and utilizing foreign capital 2. Primary economic forms are Sino- foreign joint ventures and partnerships as well as wholly foreign- owned enterprises 3. Products are primarily export- oriented 4. Economic activities are primarily driven by market forces

24 DETAILS ON THE PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS Industrial Cluster: A geographic concentration of interconnected firms in a particular field with links to related institutions. Financial providers Educational institutions Various levels of government More and more, both developed and developing countries use cluster initiatives to promote economic development, a concept supported by the development community at large. Popularized through such works as The Competitive Advantage of Nations (Porter 1990, 1998) and others (Schmitz 1992, for example), clusters have been viewed as a mechanism for enabling firms to join their efforts and resources and work with government toward greater regional, national, and international competitiveness (World Bank 2010).

25 DETAILS ON THE PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS Nadvi s collective efficiency model (1999) highlights four key variables that determine competitiveness in enterprise clusters: 1. Market access 2. Labor- market pooling 3. Intermediate input effects 4. Technological spillovers Nadvi (1997, 1999) and Meyer- Stamer (1998) recognize that clustering offers unique opportunities for firms to take advantage of a wide array of domestic links between users and producers and between the economy s knowledge sector and its business sector. Such linkages have the potential for stimulating learning and innovation.

26 THREE MODELS OF INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS

27 SEZS AND CLUSTERS: TOP- DOWN VERSUS BOTTOM- UP? SEZs : Normally constructed through a top- down approach by government policies. Clusters: Most are formed in an organic way through a bottom- up process. Some clusters, however, have emerged from or within industrial parks or export- processing zones over time but rarely in developing countries.

28 WHAT IS THE CHALLENGE FOR COLOMBIA? Colombian Gas Pipeline Network, 2012

29 DECREE NO DATED DECEMBER 23, 2014

30 DECREE NO DATED DECEMBER 23, 2014

31 ZONA BRISA: AN EXAMPLE OF DEVELOPMENT MODEL Prime location. Deep water Port facilities. Power Generation. Hydrocarbons Cluster. Off- Shore Operations. Steelworks. Palm oil storage. Bulk Hub

32 Question and Discussion