Highlights of Women's Earnings in 2009

Transcription

1 Cornell University ILR School Federal Publications Key Workplace Documents Highlights Women's Earnings in 2009 Bureau Labor Statistics Follow this and additional works at: Thank you for downloading an article from Support this valuable resource today! This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Key Workplace Documents at It has been accepted for inclusion in Federal Publications by an authorized administrator For more information, please contact

2 Highlights Women's Earnings in 2009 Abstract [Excerpt] This report presents data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey approximately 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau Labor Statistics. Information on is collected from one-fourth the CPS sample each month. Readers should note that the comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be signifi - cant in explaining differences. For a detailed description the source the data and an explanation the concepts and defi nitions used, see the accompanying technical note. Keywords women, gender,, employment, income inequality, gender gap Comments Suggested Citation U.S. Department Labor, Bureau Labor Statistics. (200). Highlights women s in 2009 (BLS Report No. 025). Washington, D.C.: Author. This article is available at DigitalCommons@ILR:

3 Highlights Women s Earnings in 2009 U.S. Department Labor U.S. Bureau Labor Statistics June 200 BLS Report 025 Introduction In 2009, women who were full-time wage and salary had $657, or about 80 percent the $89 for their male counterparts. In 979, the first year for which comparable data are available, women earned about 62 percent as much as men. After a gradual rise in the 980s and 990s, the women's-to-men's ratio peaked at 8 percent in 2005 and (See chart and tables and 2.) This report presents data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey approximately 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau Labor Statistics. Information on is collected from one-fourth the CPS sample each month. Readers should note that the comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be significant in explaining differences. For a detailed description the source the data and an explanation the concepts and definitions used, see the accompanying technical note. Highlights Full-time were highest for women aged 55 to 64 ($727). Among men, were highest for those aged 45 to 64, with little difference between the 45- to 54-year-olds and 55- to 64-year-olds ($967 and $965, respectively). Young women and men aged 6 to 24 had the lowest ($424 and $458, respectively). (See table.) In the age groupings those 35 and older, women had that were roughly three-fourths as much as their male counterparts. Among younger, the differences between women and men were not as great. Women earned 89 percent as much as men among 25 to 34 old and 93 percent as much among 6- to 24-year-olds. (See table.) Between 979 and 2009, the gap between women and men narrowed for most age groups. The women s-tomen s ratio among 25- to 34-year-olds, for example, rose from 68 percent in 979 to 89 percent in 2009, and the ratio for 45- to 54-year-olds increased from 57 percent to 74 percent. The ratios for teenagers (9 percent in 2009) and for aged 65 and older (76 percent in 2009) fluctuated from 979 to 2009, but the long-term trends were essentially flat. (See table 2.) Asian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic counterparts in Among women, Whites ($669) earned 86 percent as much as Asians ($779), while Blacks ($582) and Hispanics ($509) earned 75 percent and 65 percent as much, respectively. In comparison, White men ($845) earned 89 percent as much as Asian men ($952); Black men ($62) earned 65 percent as much; and Hispanic men ($569), 60 percent. (See chart 2 and tables and 4.) Earnings differences between women and men were widest for Whites and for Asians. White women earned 79 percent as much as their male counterparts in 2009, while Asian women earned 82 percent as much. By comparison, Hispanic women had that were 90 percent those their male counterparts, while Black women earned 94 percent as much as Black men. (See tables and 4.) Across the major race and Hispanic ethnicity categories, women s inflation-adjusted grew significantly from 979 to Growth in real for White women, however, has outpaced that their Black and Hispanic counterparts. Between 979 and 2009, inflation-adjusted for White women rose by 32 percent, while growth among Black and Hispanic women was 25 percent and 8 percent, respectively. In contrast, real for White men edged up by just 3 percent over the 30-year span, those for Black men showed no growth, and Hispanic men s fell by 6 percent. (See table 5.) The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods CPI-U-RS is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars for the inflation-adjusted comparisons in this report. Asians could not be included in this analysis because the limited comparable data series available. (See note in table 5.) vary significantly by educational level. Among both women and men aged 25 and older, the those without a high school diploma ($382 for women and $500 for men) were less than half those with a college degree ($970 for women and $,327 for men) in Women and men with a high school diploma but no college earned a little more than half what college graduates did. (See tables and 6.) At all levels education, women have fared better than men with respect to growth. Although both women and men with less than a high school diploma have experi-

4 enced declines in inflation-adjusted since 979, the drop for women was significantly less than that for men: 9 percent as opposed to 28 percent. On an inflation-adjusted basis, for women with college degrees have increased by 33 percent since 979 while those male college graduates have risen by 22 percent. (Data pertain to aged 25 and older.) (See chart 3 and table 7.) Women working full time in management, business, and financial operations jobs had $955 in 2009, more than women earned in any other major occupational category. The second-highest paying job group was pressional and related occupations, in which women earned $880 per week. Within management, business, and finance, the highest paying jobs for women were chief executives and computer and information systems managers. Within pressional and related occupations, women working as pharmacists or lawyers had the highest. (See table 2.) The occupational distributions female and male full-time differ considerably. Compared with men, relatively few women work in construction, production, or transportation occupations, and women are far more concentrated in administrative support jobs. (See chart 4 and table 2.) Although women are more likely than men to work in pressional and related occupations, they are not as well represented in the higher paying job groups within this broad category. In 2009, only 9 percent female pressionals, compared with 43 percent male pressionals, were employed in the relatively high paying computer and engineering fields. Pressional women were more likely to work in the education and health care occupations, in which pay was generally lower. Sixty-nine percent female pressionals worked in these fields in 2009, compared with 30 percent male pressionals. (See table 2.) The ratio female-to-male varied by place residence, ranging from 65 percent in Louisiana to 97 percent in the District Columbia. The differences among the States reflect, in part, variation in the occupations and industries found in each State and in the age composition each State s labor force. The sampling for the State estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons State estimates should be made with caution. (See table 3.) for married women and men were higher than those for their unmarried counterparts. As a group, married tend to be older and so are more likely to be in their prime earning. Among married either sex, the those with children under age 8 were little different from those without children. Among unmarried, women without children earned 4 percent more than those with children. The opposite was true among unmarried men: those with children earned 8 percent more than those with no children. (See table 8.) Among full-time (that is, those working 35 hours or more per week in a job), men were more likely than women to have a longer workweek. In 2009, 25 percent men working full-time jobs had workweeks 4 or more hours, compared with 4 percent female full-time. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 3 percent as opposed to 5 percent. A large majority both male and female full-time had a 40-hour workweek; among these, women earned 86 percent as much as men. (See table 5.) Part-time Women are more likely than men to work part time that is, fewer than 35 hours per week in the sole or principal job. Women who worked part time made up 26 percent all female wage and salary in In contrast, only 3 percent men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.) These proportions have not changed much over time. female part-time were $229, compared with $222 for their male counterparts. The women s-to-men s ratio for part-time is higher than that for full-time in part because male part-timers are more concentrated in the youngest age groups, which typically have low. Forty-three percent male part-timers were 6 to 24 old, compared with 29 percent female part-timers. (See table 4.) Workers paid by the hour Sixty-one percent women and 55 percent men employed in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour in Women who were paid hourly rates had hourly $.76, about 86 percent the for men paid by the hour ($3.76). (See tables 9, 0, and 8 22.) Among who were paid hourly rates in 2009, 6 percent women and 4 percent men had hourly at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage. (See tables and 22.) On July 24, 2009, the Federal minimum wage rose from $6.55 to $7.25 an hour. Minimum wage data in this report reflect the average number who earned $6.55 or less from January 2009 through July 2009 and those who earned $7.25 or less from August 2009 through the end the year. (For information about with below the Federal minimum wage, see the accompanying technical note.) Among both women and men, hourly paid aged 6 to 9 were the most likely to have at or below the minimum wage. Nineteen percent teenage paid hourly rates earned the prevailing Federal minimum wage or less, compared with just 3 percent hourly paid aged 25 and older. Among 20- to 24-year-olds, 9 percent had at or below the minimum wage. (See table.) 2

5 Chart. Women s as a percent men s, full-time wage and salary, annual averages Percent 90 Percent NOTE: Data relate to usual full-time wage and salary. Chart 2. full-time wage and salary, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2009 annual averages Earnings (dollars) Earnings (dollars),200,200,000 Men Women $952, $89 $845 $ $657 $669 $582 $62 $569 $ Total White Black or African- American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 0 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identifi ed as Hispanic or Latino may be any race. 3

6 Chart 3. Percent change constant-dollar usual, by educational attainment and sex, Less than a high school diploma Men Women High school graduate, no college Some college or associate s degree Bachelor s degree and higher Percent change NOTE: Data relate to full-time wage and salary 25 and older. Chart 4. Distribution full-time wage and salary employment, by sex and major occupation group, 2009 annual averages Percent total 40 Percent total 40 Men Women Management, business, and fi nancial operations Pressional and related Service Sales and related Occupation Offi ce and administrative support 0.9 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance Production, transportation, and material moving 0 4

7 Statistical Tables. usual full-time wage and salary, by selected characteristics, 2009 annual averages usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages usual full-time wage and salary, by State and sex, 2009 annual averages usual part-time wage and salary, by selected characteristics, 2009 annual averages usual wage and salary, by hours usually worked and sex, 2009 annual averages Quartiles and selected deciles usual full-time wage and salary, by selected characteristics, 2009 annual averages Distribution full-time wage and salary, by usual and selected characteristics, 2009 annual averages usual full-time wage and salary, by sex, marital status, and presence and age own children under 8 old, 2009 annual averages hourly wage and salary paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2009 annual averages Distribution wage and salary paid hourly rates, by hourly and selected characteristics, 2009 annual averages Wage and salary paid hourly rates with at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2009 annual averages usual full-time wage and salary, in current dollars, by sex and age, annual averages usual full-time wage and salary, in constant (2009) dollars, by sex and age, annual averages usual full-time wage and salary, in current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, annual averages usual full-time wage and salary, in constant (2009) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, annual averages usual full-time wage and salary 25 and older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, annual averages usual full-time wage and salary 25 and older, in constant (2009) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, annual averages hourly wage and salary paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex and age, annual averages Page 5

8 Statistical Tables, continued 9. hourly wage and salary paid hourly rates, in constant (2009) dollars, by sex and age, annual averages hourly wage and salary paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, annual averages hourly wage and salary paid hourly rates, in constant (2009) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, annual averages Wage and salary paid hourly rates with at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage, by sex, annual averages Page 6

9 Table. usual full-time wage and salary, by selected characteristics, 2009 annual averages Both sexes Women Characteristic AGE Total, 6 and older... 99,820 $739 $2 44,72 $657 $2 6 to , , to 9..., to , , and older... 90, , to , , to , , to , , to , , and older... 2, , RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY White... 80, , Black or African American..., , Asian... 4, , Hispanic or Latino ethnicity... 4, , MARITAL STATUS Never married... 25, , Married, spouse present... 57, , Other marital status... 6, , Divorced... 0, , Separated... 3, , Widowed..., , UNION AFFILIATION 2 Members unions... 3, , Represented by unions... 4, , Not represented by a union... 84, , EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Total, 25 and older... 90, , Less than a high school diploma... 7, , High school, no college... 25, , Some college or associate's degree... 25, , Bachelor's degree and higher... 33,080,37 3 5, See footnotes at end table. 7

10 Table. usual full-time wage and salary, by selected characteristics, 2009 annual averages Continued Characteristic Men Women's as percent men's AGE Total, 6 and older... 55,08 $89 $ to , to to , and older... 50, to , to , to , to , and older..., RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY White... 45, Black or African American... 5, Asian... 2, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity... 9, MARITAL STATUS Never married... 4, Married, spouse present... 33, Other marital status... 6, Divorced... 4, Separated..., Widowed UNION AFFILIATION 2 Members unions... 7, Represented by unions , Not represented by a union... 46, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Total, 25 and older... 50, Less than a high school diploma... 4, High school, no college... 4, Some college or associate's degree... 2, Bachelor's degree and higher... 7,48, Differences in levels between with and without union affiliation reflect a variety factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution male and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, and geographic region. 2 Data refer to members a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. 3 Data refer to who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract, as well as to members a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. NOTE: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be any race. 8

11 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Both sexes Women Occupation Total, 6 and older 99,820 $739 $2 44,72 $657 $2 Management, pressional, and related occupations 39,080, , Management, business, and financial operations occupations 5,879,38 5 7, Management occupations 0,907, ,399,002 2 Chief executives,05, , General and operations managers 99, ,0 56 Legislators 6 ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) Advertising and promotions managers 62, ( ) ( ) Marketing and sales managers 857, , Public relations managers 64, ( ) ( ) Administrative services managers 05, ( ) ( ) Computer and information systems managers 44, ,4 70 Financial managers,09, Human resources managers 282, , Industrial production managers 230, ( ) ( ) Purchasing managers 8, , Transportation, storage, and distribution managers ( ) ( ) Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers ( ) ( ) Construction managers 454, ( ) ( ) Education administrators. 674, , Engineering managers 4, ( ) ( ) Food service managers Funeral directors. 29 ( ) ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) Gaming managers.. 8 ( ) ( ) 6 ( ) ( ) Lodging managers Medical and health services managers 489, ,43 26 Natural sciences managers ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) ( ) Postmasters and mail superintendents 33 ( ) ( ) 20 ( ) ( ) Property, real estate, and community association managers Social and community service managers Managers, all other 2,072, , Business and financial operations occupations 4, , Agents and business managers artists, performers, and athletes 20 ( ) ( ) 0 ( ) ( ) Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators Compliance ficers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation 92, Cost estimators 04, ( ) ( ) Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists Logisticians 56, ( ) ( ) Management analysts 392, ,77 35 Meeting and convention planners 4 ( ) ( ) 34 ( ) ( ) Other business operations specialists See footnotes at end table. 9

12 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Continued Occupation Men Women's as percent men's Total, 6 and older... 55,08 $89 $ Management, pressional, and related occupations 8,928, Management, business, and financial operations occupations 8,635, Management occupations 6,508, Chief executives 837 2, General and operations managers 656, Legislators 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Advertising and promotions managers 28 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Marketing and sales managers 5, Public relations managers 29 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Administrative services managers 62,48 59 ( ² ) Computer and information systems managers 39, Financial managers 485, Human resources managers 00, Industrial production managers 97, ( ² ) Purchasing managers 90, Transportation, storage, and distribution managers ( ² ) Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers ( ² ) Construction managers 424, ( ² ) Education administrators. 266, Engineering managers 04, ( ² ) Food service managers Funeral directors. 26 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Gaming managers.. ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Lodging managers Medical and health services managers 52, Natural sciences managers 6 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Postmasters and mail superintendents 3 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Property, real estate, and community association managers Social and community service managers 95, Managers, all other,284, Business and financial operations occupations 2,27, Agents and business managers artists, performers, and athletes 0 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 4 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators 98, Compliance ficers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation 93, Cost estimators 89, ( ² ) Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists 226, Logisticians 38 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Management analysts 206, Meeting and convention planners 7 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Other business operations specialists 97, See footnotes at end table. 0

13 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Continued Both sexes Women Occupation Accountants and auditors,403 $,003 $7 857 $902 $9 Appraisers and assessors real estate ( ) ( ) Budget analysts 56, ( ) ( ) Credit analysts 25 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Financial analysts 73, ( ) ( ) Personal financial advisors 306, , Insurance underwriters 89, Financial examiners 7 ( ) ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) Loan counselors and ficers Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents Tax preparers ( ) ( ) Financial specialists, all other 5, ( ) ( ) Pressional and related occupations 23, , Computer and mathematical occupations 3,5, ,49 6 Computer scientists and systems analysts 663, ,67 36 Computer programmers 43, ,82 47 Computer stware engineers 902, ,3 09 Computer support specialists Database administrators 97, ( ) ( ) Network and computer systems administrators 99, ( ) ( ) Network systems and data communications analysts 342, , Actuaries 2 ( ) ( ) 0 ( ) ( ) Mathematicians 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Operations research analysts 97, ( ) ( ) Statisticians 33 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) ( ) Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Architecture and engineering occupations 2,397, ,06 39 Architects, except naval 32, ( ) ( ) Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists 46 ( ) ( ) 0 ( ) ( ) Aerospace engineers 26, ( ) ( ) Agricultural engineers 2 ( ) ( ) Biomedical engineers 7 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) Chemical engineers 60, ( ) ( ) Civil engineers 289, ( ) ( ) Computer hardware engineers 52, ( ) ( ) Electrical and electronics engineers 288, ( ) ( ) Environmental engineers 29 ( ) ( ) 9 ( ) ( ) Industrial engineers, including health and safety 79, ( ) ( ) Marine engineers and naval architects 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Materials engineers 25 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) Mechanical engineers 278, ( ) ( ) Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers 9 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Nuclear engineers 3 ( ) ( ) Petroleum engineers 9 ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) Engineers, all other 302, ( ) ( ) Drafters ( ) ( ) Engineering technicians, except drafters Surveying and mapping technicians ( ) ( ) Life, physical, and social science occupations,06, Agricultural and food scientists 26 ( ) ( ) 6 ( ) ( ) See footnotes at end table.

14 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Continued Occupation Men Women's as percent men's Accountants and auditors 546 $,90 $ Appraisers and assessors real estate 35 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Budget analysts 27 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Credit analysts 4 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Financial analysts 49 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Personal financial advisors 208, Insurance underwriters 32 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Financial examiners 3 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Loan counselors and ficers 37, Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents 20 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Tax preparers 5 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Financial specialists, all other 8 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Pressional and related occupations 0,293, Computer and mathematical occupations 2,369, Computer scientists and systems analysts 479, Computer programmers 340, Computer stware engineers 70, Computer support specialists Database administrators 63,39 52 ( ² ) Network and computer systems administrators 56,09 57 ( ² ) Network systems and data communications analysts 265, Actuaries 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Mathematicians 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Operations research analysts 54, ( ² ) Statisticians 9 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Architecture and engineering occupations 2,076, Architects, except naval 00,97 89 ( ² ) Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists 36 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Aerospace engineers 2, ( ² ) Agricultural engineers 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Biomedical engineers 5 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Chemical engineers 48 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Civil engineers 265, ( ² ) Computer hardware engineers 47 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Electrical and electronics engineers 262,52 48 ( ² ) Environmental engineers 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Industrial engineers, including health and safety 47, ( ² ) Marine engineers and naval architects 9 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Materials engineers 22 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Mechanical engineers 264, ( ² ) Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers 9 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Nuclear engineers 3 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Petroleum engineers 5 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Engineers, all other 26, ( ² ) Drafters ( ² ) Engineering technicians, except drafters Surveying and mapping technicians ( ² ) Life, physical, and social science occupations 625, Agricultural and food scientists 20 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) See footnotes at end table. 2

15 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Continued Both sexes Women Occupation Biological scientists 93 $,20 $42 38 ( ) ( ) Conservation scientists and foresters 23 ( ) ( ) 7 ( ) ( ) Medical scientists 55, $975 $35 Astronomers and physicists ( ) ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) Atmospheric and space scientists 6 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Chemists and materials scientists 08, ( ) ( ) Environmental scientists and geoscientists 8, ( ) ( ) Physical scientists, all other 4, ( ) ( ) Economists 32 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) ( ) Market and survey researchers 83, ( ) ( ) Psychologists 84, ,09 08 Sociologists ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Urban and regional planners 26 ( ) ( ) 9 ( ) ( ) Miscellaneous social scientists and related 29 ( ) ( ) 8 ( ) ( ) Agricultural and food science technicians 30 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) ( ) Biological technicians 20 ( ) ( ) 9 ( ) ( ) Chemical technicians ( ) ( ) Geological and petroleum technicians 3 ( ) ( ) 6 ( ) ( ) Nuclear technicians 2 ( ) ( ) Other life, physical, and social science technicians Community and social services occupations, ,62 74 Counselors Social Miscellaneous community and social service specialists Clergy ( ) ( ) Directors, religious activities and education 47 ( ) ( ) 27 ( ) ( ) Religious, all other 40 ( ) ( ) 25 ( ) ( ) Legal occupations,27, Lawyers 653, , Judges, magistrates, and other judicial 64, ( ) ( ) Paralegals and legal assistants Miscellaneous legal support Education, training, and library occupations 6, , Postsecondary teachers 873, , Preschool and kindergarten teachers Elementary and middle school teachers 2, , Secondary school teachers, Special education teachers Other teachers and instructors Archivists, curators, and museum technicians 33 ( ) ( ) 8 ( ) ( ) Librarians Library technicians 26 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) Teacher assistants Other education, training, and library 63, ( ) ( ) Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations, Artists and related 64, ( ) ( ) Designers Actors 9 ( ) ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) Producers and directors 87, ( ) ( ) Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related ( ) ( ) See footnotes at end table. 3

16 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Continued Occupation Men Women's as percent men's Biological scientists 55 $,58 $39 ( ² ) Conservation scientists and foresters 5 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Medical scientists 68, Astronomers and physicists 9 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Atmospheric and space scientists 4 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Chemists and materials scientists 79, ( ² ) Environmental scientists and geoscientists 57, ( ² ) Physical scientists, all other 76, ( ² ) Economists 26 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Market and survey researchers 42 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Psychologists 28 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Sociologists ( ² ) Urban and regional planners 7 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Miscellaneous social scientists and related 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Agricultural and food science technicians 5 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Biological technicians ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Chemical technicians 3 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Geological and petroleum technicians 7 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Nuclear technicians ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Other life, physical, and social science technicians Community and social services occupations Counselors Social Miscellaneous community and social service specialists Clergy ( ² ) Directors, religious activities and education 9 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Religious, all other 6 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Legal occupations 536, Lawyers 44, Judges, magistrates, and other judicial 36 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Paralegals and legal assistants 4 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Miscellaneous legal support 44 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Education, training, and library occupations,698, Postsecondary teachers 446, Preschool and kindergarten teachers 8 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Elementary and middle school teachers 458, Secondary school teachers 503, Special education teachers Other teachers and instructors Archivists, curators, and museum technicians 5 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Librarians 30 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Library technicians 6 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Teacher assistants Other education, training, and library 4 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations Artists and related 47 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Designers Actors 6 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Producers and directors 5,3 5 ( ² ) Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related ( ² ) See footnotes at end table. 4

17 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Continued Both sexes Women Occupation Dancers and choreographers 6 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) ( ) Musicians, singers, and related 27 ( ) ( ) 8 ( ) ( ) Entertainers and performers, sports and related, all other 2 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) ( ) Announcers 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) News analysts, reporters and correspondents 65 $933 $64 28 ( ) ( ) Public relations specialists $922 $42 Editors Technical writers 4 ( ) ( ) 24 ( ) ( ) Writers and authors ( ) ( ) Miscellaneous media and communication ( ) ( ) Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators ( ) ( ) Photographers ( ) ( ) Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors 27 ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations 5, , Chiropractors 0 ( ) ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) Dentists 39 ( ) ( ) 22 ( ) ( ) Dietitians and nutritionists Optometrists 6 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) Pharmacists 24, ,475 Physicians and surgeons 65, , Physician assistants 72, ( ) ( ) Podiatrists i t 9 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) Registered nurses 2,29,039 3,93,035 3 Audiologists 0 ( ) ( ) 7 ( ) ( ) Occupational therapists 7, ,55 35 Physical therapists 4, ,04 97 Radiation therapists 5 ( ) ( ) 9 ( ) ( ) Recreational therapists 7 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) ( ) Respiratory therapists Speech-language pathologists 88, ,48 36 Therapists, all other Veterinarians 35 ( ) ( ) 20 ( ) ( ) Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other 6 ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Dental hygienists ( ) ( ) Diagnostic related technologists and technicians Emergency medical technicians and paramedics ( ) ( ) Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses Medical records and health information technicians Opticians, dispensing 36 ( ) ( ) 24 ( ) ( ) Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 47 ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) See footnotes at end table. 5

18 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Continued Occupation Men Women's as percent men's Dancers and choreographers 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Musicians, singers, and related 9 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Entertainers and performers, sports and related, all other 7 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Announcers 20 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) News analysts, reporters and correspondents 37 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Public relations specialists 5 $,044 $ Editors Technical writers 8 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Writers and authors 32 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Miscellaneous media and communication 9 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators ( ² ) Photographers 27 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors 24 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations,422, Chiropractors 7 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Dentists 7 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Dietitians and nutritionists ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Optometrists 3 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Pharmacists 22, Physicians and surgeons 404, Physician assistants 33 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Podiatrists i t 7 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Registered nurses 97, Audiologists 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Occupational therapists 3 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Physical therapists 46 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Radiation therapists 6 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Recreational therapists 3 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Respiratory therapists 36 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Speech-language pathologists 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Therapists, all other 7 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Veterinarians 5 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Dental hygienists 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Diagnostic related technologists and technicians 78, Emergency medical technicians and paramedics ( ² ) Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 43 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Medical records and health information technicians ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Opticians, dispensing 3 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians 38 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 33 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) See footnotes at end table. 6

19 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Continued Both sexes Women Occupation Service occupations 4,299 $470 $3 7,87 $48 $2 Healthcare support occupations 2, , Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides, , Occupational therapist assistants and aides 9 ( ) ( ) 7 ( ) ( ) Physical therapist assistants and aides ( ) ( ) Massage therapists 35 ( ) ( ) 27 ( ) ( ) Dental assistants Medical assistants and other healthcare support occupations Protective service occupations 2, First-line supervisors/managers correctional ficers ( ) ( ) First-line supervisors/managers police and detectives 00, ( ) ( ) First-line supervisors/managers fire fighting and prevention 5, ( ) ( ) Supervisors, protective service, all other ( ) ( ) Fire fighters ( ) ( ) Fire inspectors 7 ( ) ( ) Bailiffs, correctional ficers, and jailers Detectives and criminal investigators 29, ( ) ( ) Fish and game wardens 5 ( ) ( ) Parking enforcement 7 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) Police and sheriff's patrol ficers Transit and railroad police 4 ( ) ( ) Animal control ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) Private detectives and investigators ( ) ( ) Security guards and gaming surveillance ficers Crossing guards 8 ( ) ( ) 9 ( ) ( ) Lifeguards and other protective service ( ) ( ) Food preparation and serving related occupations 3, , Chefs and head cooks ( ) ( ) First-line supervisors/managers food preparation and serving Cooks, Food preparation Bartenders Combined food preparation and serving, including fast food Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and cfee shop ( ) ( ) Waiters and waitresses Food servers, nonrestaurant ( ) ( ) Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers Dishwashers ( ) ( ) Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and cfee shop ( ) ( ) Food preparation and serving related, all other 6 ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 3, , First-line supervisors/managers housekeeping and janitorial See footnotes at end table. 7

20 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Continued Occupation Men Women's as percent men's Service occupations 7,3 $524 $ Healthcare support occupations Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides Occupational therapist assistants and aides 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Physical therapist assistants and aides 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Massage therapists 8 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Dental assistants 6 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Medical assistants and other healthcare support occupations Protective service occupations 2, First-line supervisors/managers correctional ficers 39 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) First-line supervisors/managers police and detectives 88,69 39 ( ² ) First-line supervisors/managers fire fighting and prevention 48 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Supervisors, protective service, all other ( ² ) Fire fighters ( ² ) Fire inspectors 7 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Bailiffs, correctional ficers, and jailers Detectives and criminal investigators 96, ( ² ) Fish and game wardens 5 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Parking enforcement 4 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Police and sheriff's patrol ficers Transit and railroad police 4 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Animal control 7 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Private detectives and investigators 35 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Security guards and gaming surveillance ficers Crossing guards 9 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Lifeguards and other protective service 33 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Food preparation and serving related occupations, Chefs and head cooks ( ² ) First-line supervisors/managers food preparation and serving Cooks Food preparation Bartenders Combined food preparation and serving, including fast food Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and cfee shop 20 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Waiters and waitresses Food servers, nonrestaurant 35 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers Dishwashers ( ² ) Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and cfee shop ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Food preparation and serving related, all other 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 2, First-line supervisors/managers housekeeping and janitorial See footnotes at end table. 8

21 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Continued Both sexes Women Occupation First-line supervisors/managers landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping 95 $727 $5 4 ( ) ( ) Janitors and building cleaners, $40 $9 Maids and housekeeping cleaners Pest control 45 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Grounds maintenance ( ) ( ) Personal care and service occupations 2, , First-line supervisors/managers gaming ( ) ( ) First-line supervisors/managers personal service ( ) ( ) Animal trainers 4 ( ) ( ) 8 ( ) ( ) Nonfarm animal caretakers ( ) ( ) Gaming services ( ) ( ) Motion picture projectionists 2 ( ) ( ) Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 8 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related ( ) ( ) Funeral service 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Barbers 3 ( ) ( ) 6 ( ) ( ) Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists Miscellaneous personal appearance Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges ( ) ( ) Tour and travel guides 9 ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) Transportation attendants Child care Personal and home care aides Recreation and fitness Residential advisors ( ) ( ) Personal care and service, all other 42 ( ) ( ) 25 ( ) ( ) Sales and fice occupations 23, , Sales and related occupations 9, , First-line supervisors/managers retail sales 2, , First-line supervisors/managers non-retail sales Cashiers, Counter and rental clerks ( ) ( ) Parts salespersons ( ) ( ) Retail salespersons, Advertising sales agents Insurance sales agents Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 259, Travel agents 44 ( ) ( ) 37 ( ) ( ) Sales representatives, services, all other Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, Models, demonstrators, and product promoters 9 ( ) ( ) 6 ( ) ( ) Real estate brokers and sales agents Sales engineers 3 ( ) ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) Telemarketers ( ) ( ) Door-to-door sales, news and street vendors, and related 44 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) ( ) See footnotes at end table. 9

22 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Continued Occupation Men Women's as percent men's First-line supervisors/managers landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping 9 $740 $36 ( ² ) Janitors and building cleaners, Maids and housekeeping cleaners Pest control 43 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Grounds maintenance ( ² ) Personal care and service occupations First-line supervisors/managers gaming 47 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) First-line supervisors/managers personal service.. 24 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Animal trainers 6 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Nonfarm animal caretakers 26 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Gaming services 4 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Motion picture projectionists ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 6 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related 38 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Funeral service 3 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Barbers 26 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 40 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Miscellaneous personal appearance 25 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges 45 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Tour and travel guides 4 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Transportation attendants 29 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Child care 7 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Personal and home care aides Recreation and fitness Residential advisors 20 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Personal care and service, all other 8 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Sales and fice occupations 9, Sales and related occupations 5, First-line supervisors/managers retail sales, First-line supervisors/managers non-retail sales. 555, Cashiers Counter and rental clerks ( ² ) Parts salespersons ( ² ) Retail salespersons, Advertising sales agents 8, Insurance sales agents Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 89, Travel agents 7 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Sales representatives, services, all other Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing Models, demonstrators, and product promoters 4 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Real estate brokers and sales agents Sales engineers 28 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Telemarketers 2 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) Door-to-door sales, news and street vendors, and related 29 ( ) ( ) ( ² ) See footnotes at end table. 20

23 Table 2. usual full-time wage and salary, by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages Continued Both sexes Women Occupation Sales and related, all other 80 $765 $35 94 $726 $36 Office and administrative support occupations 4, , First-line supervisors/managers fice and administrative support, , Switchboard operators, including answering service 37 ( ) ( ) 32 ( ) ( ) Telephone operators 37 ( ) ( ) 28 ( ) ( ) Communications equipment operators, all other 2 ( ) ( ) 9 ( ) ( ) Bill and account collectors Billing and posting clerks and machine operators Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks Gaming cage 9 ( ) ( ) 7 ( ) ( ) Payroll and timekeeping clerks Procurement clerks 20 ( ) ( ) 9 ( ) ( ) Tellers Brokerage clerks 5 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) ( ) Correspondence clerks 5 ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) Court, municipal, and license clerks Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 45 ( ) ( ) 39 ( ) ( ) Customer service representatives, Eligibility interviewers, government programs File clerks Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks Interviewers, except eligibility and loan Library assistants, clerical 47 ( ) ( ) 42 ( ) ( ) Loan interviewers and clerks New accounts clerks 25 ( ) ( ) 9 ( ) ( ) Order clerks Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 37 ( ) ( ) 27 ( ) ( ) Receptionists and information clerks Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks ( ) ( ) Information and record clerks, all other Cargo and freight agents 8 ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) ( ) Couriers and messengers ( ) ( ) Dispatchers Meter readers, utilities 40 ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) Postal service clerks Postal service mail carriers Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators ( ) ( ) Production, planning, and expediting clerks Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks Stock clerks and order fillers Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping 49 ( ) ( ) 24 ( ) ( ) Secretaries and administrative assistants 2, , Computer operators ( ) ( ) Data entry keyers Word processors and typists Desktop publishers 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Insurance claims and policy processing clerks Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service ( ) ( ) See footnotes at end table. 2