MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA PREAMBLE

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2 MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA PREAMBLE Autonomy law No.32 year 2004 replacing law No. 22 Year 1999 has become a milestone for implementing regional autonomy with a new paradigm. This implementation is not intended as an attempt to recentralize or revive the political climate with centralized authority. On the contrary, it encompassed to strengthen decentralization spirit by opening a wide opportunity to local government to plan and carry out their own development better, more independent and coordinated. In the context of community empowerment, decentralization without any doubt, so far has risen a bias perception that became a challenge on its own. Shifted fund and development authority from central Government to local government has made implementation of the programs worked more efficient and well-targeted, since the process closer to the community as the end target, as long as there was a political will and government capacity. Therefore, it is necessary for the local government to play the important role, support and sustain this development process, focusing on community empowerment. The main key is how to provide a customized and sustainable mechanism for regions so they can empower their own people in alleviating poverty and implementing a participatory development process. At the same time they try to put aside the sectorl ego which would impact community interest Along with Autonomy Law Number 32 Year 2004, the Kecamatan Development Program (KDP) began in 1998 has grown more mature learning from the passed experience in handing over the program management gradually to the local government. Throughout the year 2004, Local Governments give more contribution in nurturing KDP. Several provinces and districts have participated by providing a block grant for KDP Matching Grant kecamatans, while the Central Government supported in the form of technical assistant. In some other districts has even come out with ideas of adopting KDP by creating an independent KDP. They are responsible for allocating the block grants as well as the facilitators and consultants. Although integration of KDP model and system of regional development still has not been discovered, these facts become the ray of light inspired to build an independent and empowered community. As an empowerment program, KDP has become a learning media for every stakeholder, especially the local government and community, in carrying out a development with a buttom-up planning and no longer top-down. The community have learnt that nowadays their positions are the subject of development who determined the need and direction of development process. In KDP, people have opportunities to convey their opinion, identify needs, compete and make decision. They undertake development with the spirit of self-sufficiency and openness. Discussions from village to kecamatan level were conducted to accommodate community aspiration and articulate them into a decision that would be carried out together. It was where impoverished community were placed as the main actors in planning and optimizing their resources in order to attain their own goals. Through this Annual Report, we would like to share our experiences and thoughts to all related stakeholders regarding the implementation of KDP in the year The various problems still encountered in this year, but those should be looked upon as a challenge to improve the quality of this program in the upcoming year. On the other hand, various progresses achieved this year should not make us easily satisfied as well. Instead we should make them as a lesson learn as well as a motivation to attain more significant progress. Hopefully, this annual report would be more useful for us. DIRECTOR GENERAL COMMUNITY AND VILLAGE EMPOWERMENT DARDJO SUMARDJONO

3 INTRODUCTION We would like to express our appreciation to God Almighty for giving us the strength and clarity of mind to write the experience and journey of the implementation of Kecamatan Development Program (KDP) in the year 2004 in this report. The 2004 KDP has learnt a lot from the implementation of KDP in the previous year to continuously improve the quality of the program. In anticipating delay in the implementation of KDP, for instance, in 2004 an optimization policy had been established by conducting two cycles simultaneously to increase time and cost efficiency. Apart from that, the implementation of KDP cycle 5 has been started before KDP cycle 4 ended. In general this annual report would present a record on all activities that have been carried out by KDP throughout 2004, its achievements, as well as all constraints faced. To make it easy for readers to understand the implementation of KDP in 2004, the 2004 KDP Phase II Third Annual Report opens with an executive summary, which gives a glimpse on the implementation of KDP in 2004 in general. The details are then explained systematically and consecutively in five chapters, ie: Introduction, Management Structure, Achievement and Result, Monitoring and Evaluation, and Main Challenges and Plans. In Chapter 1 (Introduction), readers are given knowledge on the basic concept of KDP. Chapter 2 (Management Structure) describes the relationship and working pattern between KDP Coordinating Team (KDP-CT) and assisting consultants from national to kecamatan level as arranged in KDP Management Structure. Chapter 3 (Achievement and Result) describes the outcomes of KDP activities and all results attained throughout the year All progresses of KDP implementation on the field were always monitored and evaluated not only by the government, but also various parties, among which were NGOs, the press and universities. Chapter 4 (Monitoring and Evaluation) presents all monitoring and evaluation conducted on program implementation. KDP Phase II Third Annual Report also presents the main challenges and plans, containing summary of constraints faced throughout the year 2004 and its follow up scheme to improve the quality of program in the next year. The 2004 KDP has been accomplished with various progress and shortcomings. These are not separated from various parties contribution. For that we would like to convey our gratitude to the following parties for their active role and support. a. b. c. d. e. All related institutions within the National KDP-CT for their concern and idea contributions in formulating various concepts and policies in 2004 KDP. Regional government from provincial to village level, who have been enthusiastically paying attention to and supervising the implementation of KDP. We hope that in the year 2005 the contribution of regional government in cultivating it is higher, in relation to undertaking transition of program management to local government. All consultants, ie: National Management Consultants, District Engineer Consultants and Kecamatan Facilitators, who have been working hard in assisting the people in carrying out participating planning and development with the spirit of self-sufficiency. All parties who have made all contributions to the success of KDP implementation in 2004, among which are NGOs, the press, and universities who have been conducting monitoring, evaluation, and studies. All people who have taken part in KDP and made this program a media of learning to cultivate an active awareness in undertaking development. The 2004 KDP Phase II Third Annual Report has been compiled with the best effort to portray KDP performance throughout the year 2004 with all its benefits and shortcomings. Nevertheless, to err is human. We are fully aware of any shortcoming in the compiling of this report. For that we are looking forward to any inputs and advices from various parties to make this program more perfect. Last but not least, we hope that this 2004 KDP Phase II Third Annual Report can be beneficial to all parties. Good luck! DIRECTOR INSTITUTIONAL AND COMMUNITY TRAINING Drs. ARWAN E. SURBAKTI, MSi NIP

4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Kecamatan Development Program (KDP) is a Government of Indonesia effort to increase the quality of life of rural community. The implementation of KDP began with the first phase in 1998/1999 to 2002, followed by the second phase (KDP II) in the year 2003 to The implementation of KDP was carried out under the supervision of Directorate General of Rural and Community Empowerment, the Ministry of Home Affairs. In the first year of KDP II, the number of locations participating was 1264 kecamatan, while at the end of the second year, the number of kecamatan participating was This was because some kecamatan had completed the three years program, or otherwise known as phase-out kecamatan. In KDP II program fund is coming from two sources, first provided by the National Government through National Income and Spending Budget (APBN), or known as Full Grant (FG), second, local government provide program funf from District or Provincial Local Income and Spending Budget (APBD) or known as Matching Grant (MG). During the first year of KDP II, 149 kecamatan in 85 districts obtained MG funding, and in the second year the number of recipients are 140 kecamatan in 79 districts. Another interesting phenomenon arose in MG pattern where local government was also interested in adopting KDP mechanism by developing several similar empowerment programs, financed by local fund. For the management of KDP, the Government of Indonesia appointed Directorate General of Rural and Community Empowerment as the executing agency with assistance of KDP Coordination Team (TK PPK), comprising the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Residential and Regional Infrastructure, from National to Kecamatan level. During policy and operational implementation, the government provided technical assistance from National to village levels. On the functional level for implementation and operational activities, the program was executed by the National Management Consultant, District Engineer Consultant, Kecamatan Facilitator, and Village Facilitator. The total of KDP consultants and facilitators on national basis amounted up to people. During the implementation of KDP II, the level of people s participation was relatively increasing, both in terms of quantity and quality, especially women and impoverished people. This is because of the increasing opportunity for the people to take part actively in, for example, the process of planning and maintenance. KDP II has financed the construction of units of rural infrastructure and facilities. And the benefits enjoyed by the community were evidently tremendous. Studies on the social economic impact and infrastructure development have shown that villagers had indeed experienced and gained economic and social benefits from the construction of KDP infrastructures. KDP has assisted groups in Loan and Savings activities for women s group and Productive Economic Business, with the number of members obtaining roll-on loans up to people. On the other hand, there was also improvement in education and health programs, in which these two programs were able to absorb nine percents of the program fund. Furthermore, a Female-Headed Houseold Program (Pekka) was developed, with an objective to increase women s participation, especially the impoverished ones and those forced to become head Preparation of KDP II, personnel recruitment and training had been undertaken since the middle of 2002.

6 of the family, in nation building. This program, started since the year 2001, has reached 151 villages in 21 kecamatan, 16 districts in six provinces: Aceh, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Southeast Sulawesi, North Maluku, and West Java. As of December 2004, Pekka consisted of 183 groups, with the total members of 4748 women. In order to enhance the capacity of consultants and facilitators, KDP provided a series of training programs. These training programs had given rise to some positive impacts, such as optimization of instructor personnel from KDP consultant, capability to prepare program and training module independently, variation in training program, such as courses, workshops and pre-assignment training, as well as the ability to prepare training program and workshop in various levels. Next, the training system would be focused towards improvement in quantity and quality of master trainer and training materials, development of independent and participating system of training, improvement in the system of performance evaluation related to the in-service training (IST) and on-the job training (OJT) by consultant, as well as development of training database, increase in training quantity for government institutions and KDP executors in rural and kecamatan level in relation to KDP exit strategy. Taking into consideration the wide regional coverage and variable field conditions, several media of information were developed, such as the publication of KDP Bulletin and KDP website www. kdp.or.id, and Internal Monitoring Bulletin that presented the outcomes of special studies on the implementation of program policy in the field. To widen information network more, KDP collaborated with several community radios. Furthermore, wider Communication, Information, and Education (KIE) strategies were developed, such as the strengthening of communication and information network with similar empowerment programs, information institutions, mass media, and universities. In KDP, the system of complaint report and problem handling was carried out on participation basis, transparent, gradual, and openly accountable for. Involvement of people, government institutions, and consultants had the same role in taking care of the problems. During the period of January 2004 February 2005, 2126 problems were discovered, in which 1236 (58.1%) could be solved or a 7.7% increase from the previous year. More than half of the problems handled involved misuse of fund, ie (54%) carrying an amount of Rp of them (46.2%) had been taken care of. In an effort to take care of the problems, KDP had also developed a legal assistance pilot project starting from the year 2001 and implemented in three provinces: Lampung, Central Java, and South Sulawesi. This program was conducted in cooperation with the Lampung Office of Legal Assistance, the Law Faculty of Christian University Satya Wacana Salatiga in Central Java, and the Law Faculty at University of Hasanudin in Makassar, South Sulawesi. Improvement in transparency and participation principles was also developed through monitoring from external parties, such as Non Governmental Organizations (NGO), Province Based Monitoring (PBM) and press. So far the monitoring had delivered quite positive inputs. However, they were not optimal enough and had yet to be improved. Based on the monitoring outcomes, it was discovered that there was still some discrepancy in the consultants and monitoring parties point of views. Add on to that, the monitoring outcomes had not been fully optimized. In order to enhance the capacity of financial management manpower in kecamatan, financial supervision and audit were conducted by the Finance Management Support Team (FMS). In 2004, the FMS team conducted supervision and monitoring in 106 districts, 271 kecamatan, and 494 villages. 595 problems, grouped under five categories, were discovered. Nonetheless, the financial administration

7 and management in UPK, TPK, and groups were generally more orderly than those of the previous year and KDP I. KDP program was also audited by the Finance and Development Supervision Agency (BPKP). In 2004, BPKP has conducted an audit on the year 2003 fund in 22 provinces, encompassing 62 districts, 190 kecamatan, and 593 villages. At the end of 2004, a disastrous earthquake and tsunami had devastated Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) and North Sumatera. As a result, 72 KDP kecamatan in NAD experienced severe destruction. During the implementation of KDP II up to the end of 2004, KDP has succeeded in accomplishing the objectives established in the project performance indicator, though still faced with various constraints and challenges, as follows: 1) Implementation of KDP in the field not fully optimized; 2) Vacancy of consultant and facilitator; 3) Delay of fund freeze document preparation; and 4) Inaccuracy in data collection and delay of report. Moving on, KDP implementation has several working plans, ie: 1) accomplishment of KDP II Cycle IV, Cycle V and implementation of Cycle VI; 2) Implementation of KDP for the rehabilitation of Aceh post disaster; 4) Implementation of special pattern KDP for Papua and West Irian Jaya Provinces; 5) Development of pilot project in the fields of education, clean water and sanitation activity (health).

8 Content

9 Content PREAMBLE INTRODUCTION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. Introduction KDP s Objective General Principles Regional Coverage Matching Grant Program 3 II. Management Structure 5 III. Progress and Achievement Level of Participation Progress of Activities Training and Capacity Improvement Reconstruction of Aceh Empowerment Program for Female Single Parent (FSP/Pekka) Legal Assistance Program Adoption of KDP Scheme Communication, Information, and Education Activity 20 IV. Monitoring and Evaluation NGO/PBM Monitoring Journalist Monitoring Studi Khusus Handling Complaints Financial Supervision and Audit 26 FMS 27 BPKP Impact and Evaluation Study 29 Economic Impact Analysis Post KDP Village Infrastructure Development 29 KDP II Impact Evaluation Study 30 KDP and Community Conflict Settlement Study 30 Corruption monitoring study 30 KDP Replication Study 31 Matching Grant Study 32 First KDP Social Economic Impact Quantitative Analysis Program Achievement Indicator 33 V. Challenges and Plans Challenges Future Plans 37 Annex 1. Profil Nasional Annex 1.1: N. Aceh Darussalam Province Annex 1.2: North Sumatera Province Annex 1.3: West Sumatera Province Annex 1.4: Riau Province Annex 1.5: Jambi Province

10 Annex 1.6: South Sumatera Province Annex 1.7: Kepulauan Riau Province Annex 1.8: Lampung Province Annex 1.9: Banten Province Annex 1.10: West Java Province Annex 1.11: Central Java Province Annex 1.12: D.I. Yogyakarta Province Annex 1.13: East Java Province Annex 1.14: Bali Province Annex 1.15: Nusa Tenggara Barat Province Annex 1.16: Nusa Tenggara Timur Province Annex 1.17: West Kalimantan Province Annex 1.18: Central Kalimantan Province Annex 1.19: South Kalimantan Province Annex 1.20: East Kalimantan Province Annex 1.21: Gorontalo Province Annex 1.22: North Sulawesi Province Annex 1.23: Central Sulawesi Province Annex 1.24: South Sulawesi Province Annex 1.25: South East Sulawesi Province Annex 1.26: Nort Maluku Province Annex 1.27: Maluku Province Annex 1.28: Papua Province Annex 1.29: Irian Jaya Barat Province Annex -2 Status of Fund Disbursement/Absorption IBRD 4627 IND/ IDA 3535 and TF Annex -3 Activities Of Team Training Of Kecamatan Development Program Second Phase Annex 3.1. Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Training Section Kecamatan Development Program Year 2004 Annex 3.2 Recapitulation Of The Type Of Training For Kdp Agents At Each Rmu In The Year 2004 (Ojt And Ist) Annex -4 Summary of Special Case Studies During KDP II Annex -5 Points Of Kdp Ii Evaluation Annex -6 Indicators Of Program s Success

11 1 I. Introduction THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

12 2 I INTRODUCTION 1.1. KDP s Objective The Kecamatan Development Program (KDP) is one of the Government of Indonesia s efforts to increase the quality of life of the rural community. The first phase (PPK I) began in 1998/1999 to 2002, and the second phase (KDP II) starts in the year 2003 and will be executed until the year The implementation of KDP is carried out under supervision of the Directorate General of Community and Rural Empowerment, the Ministry of Home Affairs. Following the previous phase, KDP II aims to accelerate poverty alleviation in rural areas. The objective is achieved by improving community and local governance in conducting village development or inter-villages development, providing infrastructures, as well as social and economic activities based on community needs General Principles In conducting its program, KDP emphasized on the principle of SIKOMPAK, short form for transparansi (transparency), Keberpihakan pada Orang Miskin (Taking side to the poor people), PArtisipasi (participation), Kompetisi sehat (healthy competition), and decentralization. KDP also gave authority to the people to manage all KDP activities independently and on participation basis. Transparency: All KDP activities were conducted openly, publicly known, can be followed and accountable for. Participation: every phase of the activity involved all elements in the society actively, especially poor and vulnerable people. Taking side to the Poor: every program s orientation was aimed at increasing the quality of live of poor people. Every activity has always taken into consideration the existence of poor people, from socialization, planning, implementation, and sustaining results of activity. Healthy competition: all people had the right to decide on their own the program best for their areas. The decision was based on the outcomes of investigation and research from various alternative options. Due to limited amount of fund, allocation of KDP fund was determined through ranking process and healthy competition Regional Coverage The number of locations participating in KDP kept increasing, from 986 kecamatan during KDP I ( ) to 1264 kecamatan in the first year of KDP II. However, at the end of the second year of KDP II implementation, as of January 2005 the number participating are kecamatan. About 650 kecamatan have been approved to take part in the third phase of KDP (KDP III), commencing in the year In the first year, KDP II covered villages in 29 provinces of 32 provinces throughout Indonesia, or 31 percent of the total villages in our country. While in the second year, KDP II covered villages in 29 provinces or 22 percents of total villages in our country. This was because some kacamatan had completed the program during the three years cycle (phase out). Refer to Annex 1 for the complete profile of KDP II locations as well as its progress and achievement. Kompetisi sehat Peserta Musyawarah Antar Desa (MAD), di Kec. Amibabo tak sabar menanti hasil perankingan 1 Preparation of KDP II, personnel recruitment and training had been undertaken since the middle of THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

13 3 Table 1: KDP Location Coverage ( ) Regional Level KDP I Year I Year II Year III Year I KDP II Year II % Total Total Indonesia /* Province District Kecamatan ,073 Village ,011 *) Data Potensi desa (Podes)-BPS, Matching Grant Program Main KDP II fund sources comes from the World Bank loan USD and The Dutch Grant 45 million Euro or equivalent of USD 54 million. Annual funds per kecamatan range from Rp 500 million to one billion, depending on population size. The block grant for kecamatan is provided by through National Income and Spending Budget, otherwise known as Full Grant (FG) pattern fund. In KDP II, project also introduced Matching Grant (MG) Through MG pattern, the Local Government financed program activities through District/ Provincial Local Income and Spending Budget. Each Local Government allocated fund for MG pattern, with an amount varying from Rp 500 millions to Rp 4 billions or 0,6 to 4,7 percents of each respective development budget. Table 2: Status of KDP II Fund Absorption DIPP Nos of Kec Nos of District DIPP Allocation Absorption % % PPK II Th1 ( ) FG MG PPK II Th2 (2004) FG MG TOTAL In the first year II, there were 149 kecamatan in 85 districts obtained MG pattern with total allocation of Rp ,-. Until the end of 2004 The MG fund that had been absorbed up was Rp ,- or 81 percents of allocation. Meanwhile in the second year of KDP II, there were 140 kecamatan in 79 districts participated in KDP MG. From the MG fund allocation of Rp ,- in the second year of KDP II, Rp ,- had been absorbed or 38% of allocation. For the local governments the reason why they were intested in KDP MG generally based on the fact that KDP was one of participating development programs that had brought tremendous benefit, both to the community and the development progress in their areas. Some institutions have even regarded KDP as one of development models that was good and ought to be implemented by local governments. KDP program is very satisfying. Other than reducing the number of poverty, KDP has also taught people to be open and involved in the development process actively, said Chief of the Regional Development Planning Agency in Blitar, East Java. One of the constraints communicated was that MG fund allocation could not be prepared all at once. This was because the local government had to propose that fund first and obtained the local parliament s approval beforehand. This procedure was a standard regulation in proposing for regional budget. With such mechanism, MG fund clearance could only been done after July and through the local cashier, so that Hanging Bridge. One of the achievements of KDP activities enjoyed by the people in Desa Lubuk Kemang Kec. Rawas Ulu Kab. Musi Rawas, South Sumatera. This 36 x 2 metres bridge cost of Rp ,- THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

14 4 KDP Banner. One of the Local Government s attempt to increase people s awareness to be more active in development process in Kec. Tambunganen, Kab. Barito Kuala, South Kalimantan. Clean Water Container. Development struggle in Desa Toseho, Kec. Oba Selatan, Kab. Halmehera Tengah, North Maluku, after conflict. Specifical for kecamatan Konda which is now included in the enlarged area of South Konawe, Kendari is still committed to finance MG for 3 years. There s no reason for Kendari to let go of her responsibility, since according to the Law, the principal district has to be responsible for 3 years. LukmanAbunawas Bupati Kendari clearance period became longer. Apart from that, in several areas the fund originating from Local Income and Spending Budget was subject to tax regulations, so that not only the clearance process took longer time, the amount of CDA fund was also reduced. Voices from the Field Specifical for kecamatan Konda which is now included in the enlarged area of South Konawe, Kendari is still committed to finance MG for 3 years. There s no reason for Kendari to let go of her responsibility, since according to the Law, the principal district has to be responsible for 3 years. (Safei Kahar, Regent of Burton, Southeast Sulawesi) We finance MG in order to prevent jealousy among kecamatan. Originally we proposed for 8 kecamatan to get KDP FG, but only 6 obtained them. So, the other 2 kecamatan, who have failed to obtain FG, would be financed by us with MG. (Effendi, Secretary of Regional Development Planning Agency, Dompu, NTB) Other than KDP, other projects were still based on collusion. If there were any project proposed, the government official would prefer it to be in a location that was hard to reach. Why? Honestly, so that he would have an excuse not to do monitoring. If there is any local government who ever said that village development meetings, Kecamatan Development Forum and Development Coordination Meeting or whatever it is, were going on well, they must have been sitting behind the table all the time. (Mochtar Sangaji, Camat of Oba Utara, Kota Tidore Kepulauan) THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

15 5 II. Management Structure THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

16 6 II MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE For the management of KDP, Government of Indonesia appointed Directorate General of Rural and Community Empowerment as the executing agency. Meanwhile, to assist KDP management of KDP on national scale, KDP Coordination Team was formed, comprising the National Development Planning Agency, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Residential and Regional Infrastructure, from National, Provincial, District, and Kecamatan level. At kecamatan level, the section head of Community Development Agency acted as KDP Project the kecamatan level PjOK. Refer to the following Picture 1 for the Management Structure of KDP. Graphic 1: KDP Stucture of Management Central Level National KDP Coordination Team National Management Consultant Provincial Level Provincial KDP Coordination Team Regional Coordinator SP2R MIS DKW FT District Level District KDP Coordination Team District Consultant (KM - KAB) Kecamatan Level Head of Kecamatan PJOK Kecamatan Facilitator UPK PL TV Village Level Village Head Village Facilitator TPU TPK GROUP/VILLAGE Details : DKW : Deputy Regional Coordinator MIS : Management Information System SP2R : Regional Complaint Handling Specialist FT : Training Facilitator KM-KAB : District Management Consultant PjOK : KDP Project Manager the kecamatan level In implementing KDP policy and assist field operation, Government of Indonesia provide the technical assistance, from National to Village level, which was functionally carried out by the National Management Consultant, District Engineer Consultant, Kecamatan Facilitator and Village Facilitator. The number of consultants and facilitators for KDP can be seen in Table 3. All consultants are responsible for daily operational activities as well as implementing policies. The tasks of National Management Consultants are undertaking supervision in the field, formulating terms of reference and guides, and giving advices on all monitoring and evaluation works on the program. At the kecamatan level, there are facilitators who acted as the community assistants in carrying out program activities. UPK PL TV TPU TPK : Project management unit : Local Facilitator : Verification Team : Proposal Writer Team : Implementation team THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

17 7 Table 3 : Professional Consultant and Facilitator Staffs of KDP II Consultant and Facilitator Total Male Female % of Female National Management Consultant Regional Management Unit District Consultant Kecamatan Facilitator Village Facilitator Total Consultants Note: Status per December Data was fluctuating during the cycle. During KDP II, a change in management consultant was conducted. KDP consultants were recruited with individual multi year contractual system, from national to kecamatan level. Payment of salary and fringe benefits was done directly by bank management and not through company. In addition, in each district and kecamatan there were two consultants one with technical background and expertise and the other with empowerment background. This change was intended to increase assistance quality to the people, both technically, in terms of empowerment and management of program execution. Supervision. District Consultants in Kab. Bolaang Mongondow giving technical supervision in the field. Compared to KDP I, the placement of consultants with two backgrounds would contribute a positive impact, since both consultants could complement each other so that the process of assistance to the people became more focused and well-directed, based on the disciplines and capabilities that they possessed. However in practice, especially at the kecamatan level, there was a dichotomy in job execution, in which every consultant confined themselves to certain fields and concentrated in each task and role only based on their speciality. This had given rise to jealousy and potential to trigger a conflict. According to the results of field monitoring, this condition would not had happened if since the beginning the project did not differentiate the terms and types of training given to those consultants with two different backgrounds. Even more, it should emphasize that all consultants had the same roles and responsibilities as the commnity s assistants... ideally we should know everything, since our jobs were actually the same: community empowerment. But in reality we were separated and focused on our own fields. In my opinion, that s because our classes had been separated since training, so that we did not quite understand the other fields. Our own works were so piled up, let alone paying attention to works in the other fields, so that honestly most of the time we worked on our own. Most important was each one of us could finish our own works. said a kecamatan facilitator Voices from the Field Basically the division of the roles of technical and non technical consultants was quite effective, looking from the people empowerment point of view, in relation to specification of expertise background. However, it does not mean that they should be separated rigidly. In reality, many things in practice were difficult to differentiate, because we worked together more often. (said a District Consultant) THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

18 9 III. Progress and Achievement THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

19 10 III PROGRESS AND ACHIEVEMENT 3.1. Level of Participation Preliminary participation figures for KDP II activities indicate slightly higher than KDP I, especially for women and poorer community members. Figure 2 shows the increase in women s participation on KDP II ranged from 31 to 46 percents while in KDP I averaging 26 to 45 percents. The planning meetings at the hamlet, which included the idea excavation processes, reflect the highest level of women s participation at 46 percent under KDP II. There were also a higher percentage of women participating in decisionmaking meetings, such as in Village Meetings (MD II) and Inter-Village Meetings (MAD II) with averaging 44 percent as compared to previous year. This level of participation was quite satisfying, considering that the optimization process was carried out in By this scheme, KDP activity was not executed after one cycle of activity had been completed, but the next cycle started from the remaining proposals which had not yet been funded. As the implication, the agenda of some meetings should be broadened. For an instance, the planning meeting could be conducted along with decision-making or accountability meetings. P r osen t a se 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% The poorer community participation in each KDP activity had also increased up to 61 percent in KDP II, compared to 53 percent under KDP I. Their sense of belonging was quite high. It can be seen from the maintaining process with high level participation (73 percent). Their participation in decision-making meetings, such as MD II and MAD II, were also high, between percent Progress of Activities Every kecamatan in KDP II obtained the fund allocation between Rps 500 million to Rps 1 billion, depend on the number of population. Based on the last Billing Payment Order or Surat Perintah Membayar (SPM) and Bank of Indonesia s Special Account or Rekening Khusus (Reksus) per 31st December 2004, as well as THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

20 11 Category Table 4: BUDGET LIQUIDATION STATUS ON PPK II Allocation Absorption Category 1: Loan and Grant Category 2: Facility and Trainee Category 3: Consultant Support Category 4: Committed ted Fee on Loan annual report from 16 RMUs, the absorption status of KDP II s fund allocation which consists of IBRD 4627 IND, IDA 3535 and TF , was US$ 268,622, or percent of allocation (Table 4). In general, activities in Cycle IV had reached up to 87 percent, whereas in Cycle V reached 73 percent. As seen in Table 2, the total absorption of Full Grant (FG) fund for Cycle IV was Rps 940,043,181,172 (98 percent) and Cycle V was Rps 588,397,002,232 (84 percent). Meanwhile, the absorption status of Matching Grant (MG) fund for Cycle IV reached up to Rps 78,826,477,273 (81 percent) and Cycle V was Rps 34,450,000,000 (38 percent). Up to February 2005, there were 72 kecamatans which had not yet disbursed Cycle IV fund, 23 of them are FG funded kecamatans. Those kecamatans were in NAD (18 kecamatans), Riau (1 kecamatan), Central Java (1 kecamatan), East Java (1 kecamatan), Central Sulawesi (3 kecamatans), Southeast Sulawesi (3 kecamatans), North Maluku (1 kecamatan) and Papua (44 kecamatans). To be informed, there were 21 kecamatans which had not disbursed any fund, namely 15 kecamatans in Papua and the other six were in NAD (Indrapuri, Pulau Banyak), Riau (Tapung Kiri), East Java (Udanawu), Southeast Sulawesi (Biau) and South Sulawesi (Mambie). Village Infrastructure Projects Up to February 2005, KDP II had funded 30,400 rural facility and infrastructure projects in villages, such as roads, bridges, clean water supply and irrigation systems. KDP had also built sanitation units, markets, school buildings and health centers in rural areas and other public works. There were more than 63,000 units of infrastructure which had been built by KDP, since KDP I to February For each infrastructure, there was an Infrastructure Management and Maintenance Team (TP3) assigned. These infrastructure projects had absorbed up to 70 percent of the program fund. The benefit of KDP s infrastructure projects to the rural community was evidently tremendous. Villagers reported getting more access to visit other villages, markets, schools and health facilities. They also had a chance to improve their business, quality and health. According to the Quantitative Social Economic Impact study of KDP I conducted by the World Bank Consultant in 2003, every family within KDP s site had gained an additional expense per capita between 0.3 to 5 percent compared to the year before KDP builds the facilities (1998). Besides getting opportunity to work in KDP s construction projects, some villagers also had a chance to increase their earnings through the economic loan activities in KDP, such as Productive Economic Business (UEP) and Women s Savings and Loans (SPP). Since KDP II began until February 2004, KDP s infrastructure projects had booked million of Man Working Days (HOK). Accumulatively, since KDP I to February 2005 of KDP II, the program has been booked million of HOK. This was one of great of labor absorption in the villages. THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

21 12 Table 5: KDP Activities (1998 February 2005) Type of activity Infrastructure Road (units) Road Length (kms) Bridge (units) Clean Water (units) Toilet (units) Irrigation (units) New Market (units) Market Rehabilitation (units) Electricity (no. of villages) Other Infrastructures (units) Man Working Day (HOK) Economic (UEP & SPP) Economic Activity Benefit Recipient Education-Health Health Centers New Schools School Building Rehabilitation Scholarship (individual recipients) Other Education KDP I ( ) Yr I (2003-Des 04) KDP II Yr II (Jan-Feb 05) Yr I and II (2003-Feb 05) Total (1998-Feb 2005) Beneficial. A KDP built pier in a village in North Sulawesi, nice as well as contributing benefit to the people. Based on the Analysis of the Impact of KDP Infrastructure Building, also done by the World Bank Consultant, the benefit of KDP infrastructure building to the rural community, either directly or indirectly, was determined. From the sample taken, it turned out that 55 percent of villagers considered KDP s infrastructures to be highly beneficial, while the other 41 percent was assessed as beneficial. Only five units of the project (4 percent) were assessed to be without any benefit experienced. Hence, 95 percent of KDP s infrastructures were felt to be highly beneficial or beneficial to the rural community. Economic Activities Beside infrastructure project activities, KDP had also funded many economic activities in villages, including Women s Savings and Loans (SPP) and Productive Economic Business (UEP) in various fields, such as an animal husbandry, trading, agriculture and home industry. Since KDP II started to February 2005, more than 14,700 groups with 309,912 people as members had received roll-on loans. Indeed, this amount kept on increasing. In just two months (January-February 2005), the number increased to 2,915 groups with more than 58,500 members. This means that during KDP II, there were 17,693 groups with 368,427 recipients of economic activities provide by KDP. 17% 8% 2% 0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 6% 2% 10% 6% 38% Thus, it can be determined accumulatively that since KDP I to February 2005, more than 35,693 groups (with 648,427 recipients) had received the benefits of these economic activities. According to recipients, the loans were very helpful in increasing their earnings and savings. Throughout KDP II, these economic activities had absorbed about 17 percent of program fund. THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

22 13 Education and Health Activities Education and health activities had experienced significant progress in KDP II. This was clearly visible from the increasing of fund absorption for both fields. If in KDP I the absorption of fund was only 2.4 percent, in KDP II both fields absorbed 9 percent of program fund. Based on the data per February 2005, activity in education alone had absorbed about 7 percent of fund, while health activities about 2 percent of the fund. Some activities carried out in education field were new schools building, schools rehab, scholarships and school equipments provision. On the other hand, activities in health field covered the new health posts building in villages (Posyankes and Posyandu) and others, such as training for health cadres, provision of medication and healthy food, etc. Up to February 2005, KDP II had operated on education in 192 districts of 29 provinces. These activities involved School Committee and Village Representative Board (BPD). There were about 2,949 proposals on education activities submitted and utilized by more than one million of rural community. More than half of those recipients were poorer community. One thing to be proud of is that these activities were also absorbing community independent fund in quite a significant amount of Rps 8,644,759,959 (Table 6). Table 6: KDP II Activities on Education *) Types of activity No of Activities No of No of Recipients People M+F M F Poor KDP Cost (Rp) Independent Building School Rehabilitation of School Building Scholarship Others TOTAL *) Progress of activity up to February 2005 In its execution, those activities were still facing constraints. The prominent one was limited education menu and the physical aspects (construction or rehabilitation of school buildings and scholarship) were more dominant. The number of proposals to increase people capacity was still insignificant. Apart from limited access to educational information, this was also caused by limited KDP fund. Therefore, educational activities in the future, would have to (i) prepare the guide for activity execution (ii) increase information on educational activities through education campaign (iii) carry out some pilot projects in several KDP locations, which emphasize investment in learning and teaching software. This pilot project is intending to increase access and quality of basic education through empowerment approach program integrated with the basic education policy of the Department of National Education (DEPDIKNAS). This pilot selected School Based Management (SBM) as method. This method was considered appropriate to answer problems on access and educational quality and focused on three important activities, ie (1) improvement in transparent and accountable school management (2) increasing fun THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

23 14 learning for students, and (3) increasing people participation through School Committee. This Pilot Activities will be implemented in KDP III locations, especially in East Indonesian Region (KTI), covering 19 kecamatans in seven districts of four provinces (South Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, and West Sulawesi). Meanwhile, activities that developed by KDP in health field are: (1) health counseling (2) provision of health services (3) environmental hygiene; and (4) independent health funding. Refer to table 7 for details of these achievements. Based on supervision s outcome, there were several strengths in health s activities, which are: (1) complementary to government programs (2) involving local health officers; (3) local governmental support pattern on the continuity of the program begins to develop (4) increase in people s awareness on health; and (5) center for community health (Puskesmas) takes part actively in assistance. Table 7 : KDP II Activities in Health Areas *) Types of activity Building Health Service center Rehabilitation of Health Service center Integrated Service center Others No of Activities No of No of Recipients People M+F M F Poor Cost (Rp) KDP Independent TOTAL *) Progress of activity up to February 2005 However, some constraints were still faced during implementation, such as (1) low capability of facilitators and PL in facilitating the people to identify needs and formulate ideas in health area; (2) limitation in the part of community health centers in assisting the people (3) limited guidance on execution in health areas in community health centers, especially in KTI (4) many community health centers are not functioning; (5) limitation on dissemination of practical guides and training materials compiled by the NMC, since its duplication was left to each consultant by using available operational fund; (6) coordination at execution level was not intensive. The serious consideration by KDP and related institutions is needed Training and Capacity Improvement There were at least 10 types of activity conducted by Training Specialist of National Management Consultant (NMC) throughout the year Apart from training for trainers (TFT), Refreshment Training for District Engineer Consultants and Refreshment Training for FK and Project Manager (PjOK), other training were also inserted in various NMC meetings, NGO/PBM workshop and KDP monitoring journalist workshop. In addition, other training such as KDP III Training Modules Formulation workshop, Training to Improve the Capacity of KDP Executors at village and kecamatan level, and Training on the Utilization of Fund Package Workshop RMU were also conducted in the year Refer to appendix 3 for the complete information of these activities. Based on inputs and evaluation, both internally and externally, a number of strengths had been uncovered from the activities conducted by the Training Team such as (1) utilization of training instructor from THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

24 15 KDP consultants (2) ability to prepare training module and activity independently (3) variety in training combined with courses, workshops and pre-assignment training, and: (4) ability to prepare training programs and workshops at various levels. Nevertheless, there were still some constraints faced during the execution of training throughout the year Among them are: Capacity of the coaches still vary Training module still need to be prepared in national level Training regional coverage was too broad, making it difficult for the Training Team to do consolidation Difficulty in finding training hall that can accommodate the capacity of participants in each location Gradual system of training was not yet optimized, bias was quite high Training plans changed frequently Hence, development of training system would have to be focused on several things, ie: (1) improving the quantity and quality of master trainer and training materials; (2) building a participating and independent training system; (3) improving the system of performance evaluation related to in-service training (IST) and on-the job training (OJT) by consultant and its competency; (4) building training database; (5) increasing training frequency for government officers and KDP executors in village and kecamatan level in relation to KDP exit strategy Reconstruction of Aceh In Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD), KDP was started in the year of1998. There were 111 kecamatan participating in the first year of KDP II. 86 of them obtained FG fund, 14 got MG from provincial Income and Spending Budget and the remaining 11 got MG from district Income and Spending Budget. While in the second year of KDP II, there were 87 kecamatan participating in the program, 25 of them were funded with MG pattern. The disastrous earthquake and Tsunami prevailing in NAD and North Sumatera on 26th December 2004 had devastated KDP locations. Based on the finding of data collection, all districts within KDP coverage in NAD were devastated by earthquake and tsunami. Furthermore, of the 96 kecamatan in NAD that were devastated by earthquake and tsunami, 72 were KDP locations or 75% with severe level of destruction. Nonetheless, it was reported that the most severe destruction occurred in 36 KDP kecamatan (both active or phase out) located in eight districts in NAD (Aceh Besar, West Aceh, Aceh Jaya, Banda Aceh, Pidie, Bireue, North Aceh, and Simuelue). Those eight districts were indeed located in the coastline (see Table 8) Reconstruction of Aceh In Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD), KDP was started in the year of1998. There were 111 kecamatan participating in the first year of KDP II. 86 of them obtained FG fund, 14 got MG from provincial Income and Spending Budget and the remaining 11 got MG from district Income and Spending Budget. While in the second year of KDP II, there were 87 kecamatan participating in the program, 25 of them were funded with MG pattern. THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

25 16 The disastrous earthquake and Tsunami prevailing in NAD and North Sumatera on 26th December 2004 had devastated KDP locations. Based on the finding of data collection, all districts within KDP coverage in NAD were devastated by earthquake and tsunami. Furthermore, of the 96 kecamatan in NAD that were devastated by earthquake and tsunami, 72 were KDP locations or 75% with severe level of destruction. Nonetheless, it was reported that the most severe destruction occurred in 36 KDP kecamatan (both active or phase out) located in eight districts in NAD (Aceh Besar, West Aceh, Aceh Jaya, Banda Aceh, Pidie, Bireue, North Aceh, and Simuelue). Those eight districts were indeed located in the coastline (see Table 8). Besides sweeping out a number of KDP locations, the disastrous earthquake and tsunami in NAD had also taken the lives of several KDP executors. At least one Deputy Regional Coordinator RMU I NAD and 5 FK had been missing and perhaps passed away. In relation to the tragedy, the NMC immediately coordinated with the Secretariate of Central KDP Coordination Team, in this case Directorate General of Community and Rural Empowerment, National Development Planning Agency, as well as World Bank to determine the strategic and tactical actions to be taken. Besides forming National KDP Information Center and KDP Charity Purse (Pundi Amal PPK) in Jakarta, the NMC also formed KDP Information Center in NAD. Up to January 2005, the NMC had sent at least 2 teams to NAD to assist in setting up KDP Information Center and coordinated with the related institutions in NAD, as well as sending aids collected through KDP Charity Purse. Aceh Selatan Aceh Timur Aceh Besar Pidie District Aceh Utara Bireuen Aceh Singkil Simeulue Aceh Barat Daya Table 9: KDP Locations that were Swept Away by Tsunami Kecamatan/Level of Damages Tapak Tuan, Bakongan, Trumon, Kluet Selatan, Labuhan Haji, Bakongan Timur, Trumon Timur Birem Bayeum, darul Aman, Peudawa, Simpang Ulim, Idi Rayeuk Pulo Aceh, Peukan Bada, Mesjid Raya, Lhoong, Leupung, Baitussalam, Lhoknga, Darussalam Simpang Tiga, Ulim, Trienggadeng, Pante Raja, Kota Sigli, Muara Tiga, Meureudu, Jangka Buya, Kembang Tanjong, Pidie, Batee, Meurah Dua Syamtalira Bayu, Seunudon, Tanah Pasir, Samudera, Dewantara, Muara Batu Peudada, Gandapura, Peusangan, Pandrah, Jangka, Samalanga, Jeunib, Simpang Mamplam, Kuala, Peulimbang, Peusangan Selatan, Pesangan Sb. Krueng Singkil, Pulo Banyak, Kuala Baru Simeulue Timur, Salang, Simeulue Barat, Simeulue Tengah, Teupah Selatan, Alafan, Teluk Dalam, Teupah Barat Susoh, Tangan-Tangan, Manggeng Bendahara Jeumpa, Kota Juang, Kuta Blang Babahrot Aceh Tamiang Bireuen Jeumpa, Gandapura, Samalanga Jeunieb, Peusangan, an, Jangka Pasie raja Bandar Baru Baktiya Barat *) Lokasi PPK Phase Out THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

26 17 The enthusiasm of KDP executors from all over Indonesia to help their fellow brothers and sisters in NAD was very high. This was reflected in the balance status of KDP Charity Purse dated 31st January 2004, amounting Rp , from which Rp had been sent to NAD and expended to various necessities, such as food and drink in boxes, liquid milk, underwear, school uniform, sholat (praying) peripheral, etc. The effect of earthquake and tsunami in Aceh. One of KDP kecamatan in Kab. Banda Aceh was leveled to ground. For the continuity of KDP program in NAD, Emergency Response PTO (PTO Tanggap Darurat) was set into effect to complete the remaining Cycle V that was still in progress in locations of disaster. Further on, KDP activity in those locations would follow PTO Rehabilitation. Those PTO would be implemented soon after all KDP executors in NAD had been equipped with training, which would be conducted in February On the other hand, new regions, which took part in KDP, and other locations that were not hit by the disaster, would use regular PTO that they had been using all this while Empowerment Program for Female Single Parent (FSP/Pekka) One of the objectives of KDP is to empower the Poor People in rural areas including Women. For that, KDP designed a number of pilot projects by providing assistance. One of them was Empowerment Program for Female Head of Family (FSP/Pekka), dedicated to poverty stricken women who were forced to become heads of the family. These women who mostly worked in informal sector with an earning Rp to Rp per month had to support 1-6 family members. The program, which was started in 2001, covered 151 villages in 21 kecamatan, 16 districts in 6 provinces, namely NAD, NTB, NTT, Southeast Sulawesi, North Maluku and West Jawa. As of December 2004 FSP comprised 183 groups with total number of 4748 women as members. They had developed various activities, from Community Organizing (CO) for local cadres, savings and loans activity (SPP), to dialogue forums. CO training was directed to facilitation technique, enhancing the knowledge and skill on community assistance, planning and building commitment for people s assistance. In addition, local cadres were also equipped with the technique to create and use the media to gain public sympathy as well as training on developing Micro Financial Institution (LKM). Up to December 2004, the Community Direct Aid (BLM) absorbed was RP About 80% of it was utilized for Productive Economic Business (UEP) with roll-on system, and the other 20 % was for social activity (grant). Most of the members (98%) had developed savings and loans activity and got training on the vision, mission, and motivation to compete. By the end of 2004, FSP was able to develop savings and loans activity with the total turnover of Rp , originating from SPP independent fund of Rp , CDA and profit loan equal to Rp Meanwhile, FSP s dialogue forum was directed to respond to policy changes with direct impact on FSP and changes in socio-cultural values, which discredited women. These activities were facilitated through THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

27 18 dialogues between FSP members and the policy makers. This dialogue forum was held through Regional Forum in each district, province and national forum. In early August 2004 FSP conducted the first national meeting in Jakarta. The meeting, opened by the Chairperson of Women National Committee, Prof. Dr. Saparinah Sadli, was attended by 350 female heads of the family from all over Indonesia. The meeting was filled with various programs, such as one-to-one dialogue between FSP members with government officials and the House of Representative members, book discussion entitled A World Without Husband, as well as photo and handicrafts exhibition by FSP groups from all regions in Indonesia. In addition, FSP had been conducting campaign on increasing women participation. This campaign was intended to give awareness on women, poor people and marginal community as being equally important groups in the society, and therefore they must have the courage to participate in KDP activities. The form of activities that had been done were, for example, developing innovation on improvement of women participation through contests, training on improvement of woman representatives capacities such as training on assertiveness, proactive attitude and negotiation, training on bookkeeping reading and RAB reading, as well as training on SPP group reinforcement. The greatest challenge of this program came from lack of synchronization between the concept and project financing mechanism. Uncertain system of coordination between the program and government had often caused misinformation and misunderstanding. This had often generated constraints in program implementation in the field. In the future, FSP has designed some activities, among which are (i) development and organization of FSP groups (ii) development of group network at kecamatan, provincial and national level (iii) advocation of FSP, and (iv) increase in the working areas in two provinces (West Kalimantan and Central Jawa) Legal Assistance Program As an effort to support problem handling, a legal assistance program was set up. This program was a legal assistance pilot project dedicated to KDP recipient communities. The program, started since 2001, was intended to (a) assist in handling KDP cases (both criminal and conflict between the community and the third party) (b) provide legal assistance to the people through paralegal (PL) and barefoot lawyers (BL) commissioned in KDP locations (c) set up law education for the people. This program was implemented in three provinces, namely Lampung, South Sulawesi and Central Java. In execution, the program established a partnership with Lampung Legal Assistance Office, Faculty of Law at Christian University of Satya Wacana Salatiga in Central Java, and Faculty of Law at University of Hasanudin in Makassar, South Sulawesi. This program had trained 42 BL and 161 PL. There were some positive developments related to this program. The people tended to be careful in using KDP fund in their locations. BL and PL provided a lot of assistance in cases of fund embezzlement and channeling problematic loans. BL and PL were also asked to become mediator in other local problems outside KDP, such as divorce and domestic violence. THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

28 19 Nevertheless, there were still some aspects that needed to be improved, such as: (a) upgrading information and additional training for BL and PL; (b) consolidation between PL and BL with consultants on duty; (c) BL and PL duties evaluation; and (d) another socialization on the existence of pilot to the entire pilot locations and at management level; (e) agreement on authority and corrective action that could be applied in case of deviation by Primary Institution; (f ) enhancement of integration between Legal Assistance Program and KDP. According to the contract, Legal Assistance Program ended on August 2004 and it had been extended for another three months at no cost in accomplishing administrative problems. At the time this report was formulated, there was no certainty on the continuity of this program Adoption of KDP Scheme After three years of KDP I implementation, an interesting phenomenon appeared. The Local Government (PEMDA) turned out to be very enthusiastic to conduct various types of empowerment program and to finance those activities from local fund. According to some government officials, this phenomenon was caused by the success of KDP implementation. That s why, in program execution, the Local Government (Pemda) attempted to replicate KDP scheme, both mechanism and its main principles such as transparency, participation, independence, open menu, concern over poor people, and competition. Since the year 2001 a significant change in building pattern has occurred. At that time KDP I has entered the third year, and since that time, the local government of Bangkalan has tried to empower several poor villages by giving direct fund, so that those villages could plan and carry out their development on participating basis and transparently. Ahmad Mudadirrozi, Head of PMD, Kab. Bangkalan, East Java According to the study conducted by the National Management Consultants Team and World Bank, it was discovered that a number of local governments had indeed implemented the program by adopting KDP scheme in its execution, as seen on Table 11. The local government s spirit to implement bottomup planning approach in rural development had indeed grown. This was reflected in the objective of the program to increase the quality of life of the people and the poor people to be the main focus of the program s target. This such as replication program had given a positive impact in reducing the number of poverty by providing fund for infrastructure building and small credits. KDP Project Board. Transparency and openness were the important principles that became the attraction to the local government to adopt KDP scheme Table 11: Empowerment Programs by the Local Government (Pemda) No. Program Province/District Community Empowerment Assistance Program Village Development Assistance Integrated Movement to Alleviate Poverty Public Service Facility and Infrastructure Improvement Program with Participating Pattern General Allocation Fund Populist Economic Empowerment Program of Old Village Building Program of Independent Village Development Building Village Movement Aceh Darussalam Community Movement Rural Community Empowerment Program East Java/Bangkalan East Java/Lamongan East Java/Bangkalan and Lamongan West Sumatera/Solok North Sumatera/North Tapanuli Lampung/North lampung South Kalimantan/Tana Bumbu South Kalimantan/Kota Baru NAD/Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh Nusa Tenggara Timur/Kupang THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

29 20 In its execution, this replication program made use of several mechanisms that were frequently used in KDP, such as open menu principle, village meeting (musyawarah desa) and independence. In addition to using community labor in building the village s infrastructure. A more comprehensive research on this KDP Replication Study can be seen in sub-chapter 4.6 regarding the Study of Impact and Evaluation on page Communication, Information, and Education Activity The wide area coverage and variable field condition had become the reason for Communication, Information, and Education Unit (CIE) to develop information media, such as KDP Bulletin and KDP website ( This six pages bulletin was published periodically every two months, and presented various stories, experiences and policies of the program. In 2004, KDP Bulletin was published five times, namely the 8th Edition (January 2004), 9th Edition (March 2004), 10th edition (June 2004), 11th Edition (September 2004) and 12th Edition (December 2004). In addition, KDP Bulletin had also published the 13th Edition, especially dedicated to Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, which was done at the end of December 2004 and published in January This copies printed per edition bulletin had received quite positive response, as it was presented in simple language and easy to understand. However, up to now, the number of pages in bulletin was still limited and they were often late to reach the people. Meanwhile, due to some technical constraints, KDP website, that was intended to disseminate information quickly and easily, had been vacant for some time. Therefore, since December 2004, CIE Unit had launched a one page KDP newsletter online, that was processed every week and distributed through to various parties. CIE Unit had also established networking with other information institutions, such as community radio. This network was quite effective in increasing the people s participation and transparency of program activity. For the sake of development, a number of trainings on community radio management in KDP locations, such as West Java, D.I. Yogyakarta, Lampung and NTT had been conducted. Meanwhile, to reawaken interest in writing and filter the best practices from the field, the CIE Unit had conducted a Writing Contest on Experiences with KDP I and KDP II in August-September For the next period, a broader CIE strategy, such as reinforcement of communication and information network with similar empowerment programs, information institutions, universities and mass media would be developed. With this strategy people s awareness to participate and monitor those activities that were financed by donor institution loans would be stronger. Furthermore, exposure on KDP activities in national mass media, workshops, and exhibitions would become an effort to strengthen further KDP image and principles in the society s life. Voices from the Field The women here are very happy to be able to propose the construction of kindergarten school building. In the past we had no idea how to propose. (Catarina Nina Doren, inhabitant in Tiwatobi Village, Larantuka, East Flores, NTT) Normally projects were done by contractors. So, they were the only ones who knew the details of fund management. We had no right to know. It was where the leakage usually occurred. The people would not be bothered if the building suddenly screwed up. No sense of belonging at all. As a result, no one had the calling to maintain what had been built. It is different with KDP. (Catarina Nina Doren, inhabitant in Tiwatobi Village, Larantuka, East Flores, NTT) THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

30 21 IV. Monitoring and Evaluation THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

31 22 IV MONITORING AND EVALUATION 4.1. NGO/PBM Monitoring Province Based Monitoring (PBM) as part of monitoring activity has been started since KDP I July The purpose of PBM is to provide data on: (i) general issues occurred in KDP locations; (ii) specific issues faced by certain locations; and (iii) short and moderate term changes achieved during the program. In KDP I this activity became the medium to entry information flow from community concerning about their opinion n KDP. While on KDP II PBM which started on June 2003, demanded more roles to NGO as the executor of PBM in assisting community to conduct a monitoring activities by having a Community participatory Monitoring (CPM) training. Throughout the year 2004, PBM was carried out by 28 NGOs in 26 provinces. Not less than 2500 villages had been monitored. Even, in isolated villages, which were difficult to reach and had never been visited by consultants or Kecamatan Facilitators, had been visited by NGO/PBM. From the NGO/PBM reports showed that monitoring activities should be continuously improved. Because all these time there is remain a discrepancy point of view of NGO/PBM and consultants in evaluating program implementation in the field. As a result, the outcomes of monitoring conveyed by NGO/PBM could not be followed up by the consultants. This discrepancy had sometimes caused a disharmonious relationship between NGO/PBM and consultants. In order to overcome the disharmony, the National Management Consultant (NMC) had been intensively conducting socialization of PBM duties and responsibilities, both through written media (memorandum and articles in KDP Bulletin) or directly by facilitating coordination meetings between NGO/PBM and RMU in every province. The purpose was to build a better pattern of cooperation and coordination with the concept of directed relationship. The meeting itself had brought out mutual understanding on each parties respective roles in the program. Although PBM activities still left some classic issues as mentioned above, it did not mean that PBM reports were useless and were not being followed up. It was the duty of consultant, especially RMU, to collect and follow up all problems reported by NGO/PBM. From the reports collected, most of the problems were related to management, ie : (a) consultants were not optimal in assisting or fail to transfer significant knowledge to the people; (b) the decrease in community participation in KDP activity as an impact of optimization policy; (c) lack of utilization of KDP Information Board in almost all monitored areas. To minimize constraints on PBM implementation in future t, new Term of References (TOR) had been formulated to accommodate various parties interests involved in this activity. In the new TOR, NGO/PBM was required to not just report problems or shortcomings, but also to look at and write down the best practices found from the field. With the new TOR, it is expected to have a better relationship between consultants and NGO/PBM particularly in monitoring implementation. THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

32 Journalist Monitoring KDP II was also monitored independently by journalists, both in printed version and electronic media. In 2004, there were 39 journalists (29 printed media and 10 radio) participated as observers in all provinces, except Kepulauan Riau and West Irian Jaya, which do not have journalist observers until now. Monitoring by journalists was a collaboration project between the Community Development Agency and the Institution of Economic and Social Research, Education, and Information (LP3ES), acting as the management and administration coordinator in Mass Media Involvement Project in Kecamatan Development Program Monitoring (MMIP-KDPM) MMIP-KDPM activity for KDP II was based on the agreement signed on September 2002, followed by the first addendum (February 13th, 2003 September 25th, 2003) and the second addendum (January 1st, 2004 December 31st, 2004). The monitoring activity was quite vital and became one of the regulations set in the original document of Loan Agreement between the Indonesian Government and World Bank. In general, the journalist reports were divided into three categories as follows: (1) general information of KDP; (2) feature on success stories, profiles of executors, and KDP target audience; (3) investigation reports, such as miss-used of fund and handling corruption. In January December 2004 period, the journalist monitoring had produced 338 articles, including special report on fund abuse. In addition, there were also KDP monitoring done by non MMIP-KDPM journalists and there were 71 articles recorded that had been published in wide media coverage, such as Cendrawasih Pos (Papua), Bali Pos (Bali), or Jawa Pos (East Java) and other media. Any articles on case findings would then be forwarded to the Handling Complaint Unit ( HCU) for documentation or follow up. Based on HCU data, the problems discovered by journalists were still under 1% of the total problems discovered. It was likely due to limited time of monitoring and random monitoring locations. As a result, the possibility of finding problems discovered in visited area could not be ascertained. Adding on to that, there was still a perception that this monitoring activity was only intended to observe KDP implementation process in practice Studi Khusus There were so many things happening during KDP implementation that were worthy to be noted. Hence, the Special Study Team had gathered valuable experiences from the field through a simple study. The research outcomes of the team were then documented in the Internal Monitoring Bulletin distributed to consultants, government agencies, NGO, and other related parties as one of the sources of reference. In 2004, Internal Monitoring Bulletin issued five editions, which were 10th edition (March 2004), 11th edition (June 2004), 12th and 13th edition (September and November 2004), and 14th edition (December 2004). For every edition of Internal Monitoring Bulletin, 7000 copies were printed. Meanwhile, during KDP II there were seven series of case studies conducted. Other than routine case studies, the team members were also involved in some studies conducted by the World Bank, for instance Independent KDP (KDP Spin-off Study) and study about KDP in conflict areas. The summary of case studies done by the Special Study Team during KDP II is presented in Appendix 4. Based on the survey conducted in the beginning of 2004, the response to the study results was quite satisfying. Most of the respondents including Kecamatan Facilitators and District Engineer Consultants had used the study reports as a reference to improve performance and creativity. Even, 86% of respondents said that the special THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

33 24 study materials could be applied in the field. The results of the study had become the materials for comparative study and a lesson learnt for the consultants, as well as other benefits that could be applied (Graphic 4). Graphic 4: Feedback on the special study Is there any materials that can be applied in the field? Yes No Do not answer 4.4 Handling Complaints The effort to handle problems/complaints in KDP was continuously carried out through the system on participation basis, transparently, gradually and openly accountable. Since January 2004 until February 2005, there were problems discovered. From the total,, (58,1%) problems had been solved or an increase of 7.7% compared to last year, while the remaining 890 (41,9%) were still in progress. More than half of the problems handled consisted of fund misuse, amounting to cases (54%). For details, refer to Table 12 Table 12: Status of Grievances (December 2004) Type Amount Resolved In Progress Principle and Procedure Violation Misuse of fund Intervention Force Majeur Miscellaneous Handling complaint was carried out through community forum with alternative dispute resolution (ADR) pattern. If it did not succeed, the forum would handover the case to official legal authority. During that period of time, 131 cases were processed through legal authority: 72 by police, 49 by the attorney, two cases in court trials and eight had obtained its legal verdicts. Information Sources Many problems found because information and input are coming from various parties, both internally from supervision report and consultant monitoring, community complaints through Mail Box 612, Finance and Development Supervision Agency (BPKP) audit, World Bank mission findings or any other external information from NGO/PBM and mass media. Up to February 2005, most complaints came from consultants through field supervision and monitoring, ie complaints. Table 13: Information and Complaint Sources Information Sources Medium of Report Amount % KDP consultants Field consultant RMU NMC Community NGO Monitoring (PBM) Mass Media World Bank Mission of Supervision Government Agency/BPKP Audit Other Total Routine report Field trip Mail Mail to PO Box 617 JKP Routine report Mail LP3S Media Monitoring Report Regular Audit Regular Audit Based on the data analysis, the focus of NGO/PBM report was more on managerial issues rather than principles monitoring and field implementation procedural. In that way, the outputs produced were more directed towards recommendation on program policy or consultants performance. Meanwhile mass media were more beneficial to support advocacy of the cases. THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

34 25 Violator Based on the information and reports received, it could be verified that most of violators were the community or program users group (20,9%). The magnitude of community /group s involvement in 2004 was more on misuse of loans, either in the process of loan repayment or miss-principle and procedure. From the table above, there is an indication of actor tendency changes. If at the beginning of KDP implementation, abuses were mostly done by Camat, Project Manager (PjOK) and Kecamatan Financial Unit (UPK), now the tendency has shifted to the community /group, such as Village Implementation Team (TPK) and Kecamatan Financial Units (UPK) who had access to program funding sources. Besides that, there is another case coming from the emergence of consultants as violators now has now reached 204 people. Therefore, severe actions to consultants who had committed violation must be able to bring out awareness and/or intimidating effect on other consultants. Misuse of KDP Fund Although KDP had been designed in such a way to avoid any leakage, potential of corruption and misusing fund are still remained. Until the beginning of 2005, there were cases of misused fund discovered. From the cases, the amount was Rp , cases (46,2%) were solved, with total fund retrieved of Rp ,-. This amount did not include settlement in the form of assets and work completion. Looking at the number of cases, the fund abuse with nominal below Rp. 40 million was higher compared to the nominal above Rp 40 million, which was compared to 93 cases. However, from the amount of fund misused, accumulatively the fund misuse above Rp. 40 million was higher, which had reached an amount of Rp ,-. For details, refer to Table 15. Table 15: Matrix of KDP Misused Fund Classification > Rp 40 million > Rp 40 million < Rp 40 million Total No of Cases Misused Fund (Rp) Solved % Solved In the progress Fund Retrieved (Rp) To respond slow rate in in handling the misused fund HCU with support of other consultants had taken some strategic steps. Those are setting up thepriority for handling ceses, especially for cases above Rp 40 million. These cases would be assisted intensivly, such as making an action plan together with the Provincial and District Coordination Team of KDP. A special mission was also set up to handle the problem at national level. Resolves for misused fund by by wealth submission as the compensation are still facing some obstacles. Compensation in land, plantation, buildings, vehicles, farms, and electronic items often faced constraints such as: (1) the title deed of compensation item did not belong to the violator; (2) the owner stood in the way of buying and selling process; (3) potential buyer doubted the item s legal status; (4) compensation in the form of land/building with spacious area and high selling price made it difficult to find a buyer. This kind of settlement was actually a form of local ingenuity in the forum of discussion. THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

35 26 Based on the report, corruption was conducted in so many ways, such as borrowing, faking administration data, price mark up, and direct cut off. The high level of corruption in 2004 was influenced by some factors, as follows: (a) increasing community s critical awareness in reporting problems; (b) problem reporting had become one indicator in evaluating performance and code of ethics; (c) the number of new problem findings on corruption was not proportional to the number solved; and (d) decrease in the number of principle and procedure violation along with the increase in the violator s understanding of KDP procedure and mechanism. Low rate of corruption cases resolved, especially those classified above Rp 40 million, was caused by several factors. Among them were case uniqueness, so that treatment on every case is customized. The toughest condition when the case had fallen into formal legal channel. The attitude and perception of formal juridical institution had often abandoned the function of community control in monitoring the legal process. In response to this condition, HCU is developing a mutual advocacy movement on stagnant cases of corruption. The action which had been taken was to gather as many institutions or NGO with a concern over corruption elimination, law enforcement, and nation building monitoring. Problematic Kecamatan Project also implement special status for The problematic Kecamatan. It is a form evaluation form ofto carry out kecamatans with very serious problems, have wide impacts, actions in handling problems are slow, and had no significant support from the government officials. The problematic kecamatan stated in the Directorate General Letter PMD no /1028/PMD July on the Mechanism of Determining Problematic Kecamatan. The purpose of stating Problematic Kecamatan was to encourage handling complaints and settlement, as a learning process and also an the instruments in determining prospective KDP location. In August 2004, there had been a review and recommendation on 86 Kecamatan determined as problematic. After the recommendation was submitted, an effort to monitor and update status was done every month. As recorded until December 2004, there were 69 kecamatan still recommended as problematic Kecamatan. This determination of Problematic Kecamatan had generated positive impact on the follow up of handling. It was evident in that some cases had been solved well, but apparently the regulating policy had still yet to be realized. Apart from determining a Kecamatan as a Problematical Kecamatan, KDP also had a mechanism, in which a kecamatan that had been sanctioned could take part again in KDP activity. That Kecamatan would be kecamatan which, based on evaluation, had been able to solve their problems. During this period, there were 11 pending Kecamatan restored. 4.5 Financial Supervision and Audit Financial supervision and audit was carried out by the Finance Management Support (FMS) team. In 2004, the FMS team had conducted visits to KDP sites in 20 provinces. Besides doing supervision and monitoring of KDP fund management in the Kecamatan Management Unit (UPK), Village Implementation Team (TPK) and group, the FMS team also conducted training, in the form of in-service training (IST) or on the job training (OJT) to field consultants. Throughout 2004, the FMS team had conducted supervision and monitoring in 106 districts, 271 kecamatans and 494 villages. During that period of time, 595 problems divided into five categories were discovered. Compared to the first year of KDP II, the administration and financial management in UPK, TPK, and group, were generally more under control compared to the previous year and the first KDP. This was supported by setting up the national standard format, starting from accounting administration to report. Table 16: FMS Team Findings THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

36 27 Nonetheless, problems were still uncovered, especially since this issue was one of FMS team s main concern in fixing and giving motivation to UPK, TPK, and Group to carry out the administration of KDP fund management efficiently and orderly as an evidence of accountability. Corruption issues found by the FMS team involved 77 agents with an amount of Rp ,-. The details are as follows: The greatest corruption case, that was still under investigation and involved almost all elements, occurred in Grobogan District, Central Java. In three phase-out kecamatan visited the fund corruption uncovered, involved UPK management (13 people) at an amount of Rp ,-; government officials (4 people) at Rp ,-; local people (4 people) at Rp ,-; and consultants (an ex District Engineer Consultant and an ex Kecamatan Facilitator) with amount of fund corrupted Rp ,-. In addition, there was KDP fund usage for activity in the negative list, ie. funding campaign activity of a political party. In addition to corruption which had been clarified to the agents, results of account reconciliation and cash check done by the FMS team had uncovered a cash deficit of Rp in UPK that could not be clarified. This deficit needed to be followed up by consultants, as it could be an early indication of fund misuse or administration errors. Other findings categorized as miss-principle and procedural cases and found a lot in practice were problems of stock provision procedure in KDP, lack concern on some KDP principles like competition and take side over the poor people, as well as abuses in the process of implementing KDP stages. BPKP Audit Result Every year KDP activity was also audited by the Development and Financial Supervision Agency (BPKP). In 2004, BPKP had conducted audit on the fund in the Budgeting Year of 2003 in 22 provinces, including 62 districts, 190 kecamatans and 593 villages. BPKP evaluation result points on KDP II implementation in 2003 can be see in appendix 5. In general, BPKP audit discovered some facts that need to be cleared up, ie.: Table 17: Corruption Agents Agent Number Amount (Rp) UPK Consultant Official TPK Group Community % of Agents 1. Program socialization activity Program socialization activity for KDP II as a whole was in average in compliance (score 88,28). However, it was also found that KDP socialization in district level had not been done, while KDP socialization in kecamatans and villages were not intensive, far from schedule and attendance level did not meet expectation. 2. Community involvement in every KDP stages Community involvement in every KDP stage in average was in compliance (score 64,24), but 24 districts (39%) were discovered to be inadequate. Where the community did not involve actively in every stage of KDP activities, starting from socialization, planning, implementation, monitoring and maintenance. 3. KDP implementation by community KDP implementation by community was quite in compliance (score 67,53). Even though there were 17 THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

37 28 districts (39%) evaluated to be very adequate, 15 districts (34%) did not meet the compliance requirement. Some problems were still found in infrastructure and other facilities construction activities, productive economic business, loan and savings of women group, and activities in the field of health/education/ management training. 4. Program Transparency Program transparency was in compliance (score 83,75). Although there were still many constraints such as information board unavailable, issues on the information board was incomplete and out of date and financial accountability of KDP activity had not been conveyed openly. 5. Utilization and maintenance In this case, BPKP evaluation on utilization and maintenance was still inadequate (score 52,79). Only two districts (10%) evaluated to be in compliance. The shortcomings often found such as, maintenance group had not been set up, progress reports of members of the loans and savings for women group and Productive Economic activity had not been made to kecamatan and district, and inadequacy in the community s involvement in monitoring and conservation. 6. Report and administrative discipline Report and administrative discipline overall was in compliance (score 68,29), in which 13 districts (24%) were very compliant, 13 districts (24%) in compliance, and 10 districts (19%) was quite compliant. However, there were still some delays in activity implementation report, TPK general/daily cash ledgers were not strictly updated, and incomplete documentation of program activity in UPK. There were seven districts (13%) still lack in compliance and 11 districts (20%) evaluated to be not compliant. 7. handling complaints and reporting In general, it was compliant (score 76,03), but there were five districts (9%) which were not compliant. The defects often found were unavailability of grievances box, unavailability of media/means to deliver regularly problem report and its settlement, and lack of socialization of PO Box 612/JKP as the grievances handling address. 8. Evaluation on KDP consultants performance Generally, the performance of KDP consultants was compliant (score 87,26), in which 31 districts (50%) were very compliant, only two districts (3%) evaluated to be inadequate. Consultants should pay more attention to the price survey conducted by TPK and FD, RKTL and activity realization, In addition, reports need to be more informative. In the audit, BPKP had also found some cases, such as: 1. Corruption in KDP fund management in Village Implementation team ( TPK) This case occurred in some villages, for instance Siwatu village, kecamatan Wonotunggal, Batang district, where the village chief borrowed a loan of Rp ,-, which was taken from the irrigation dam building fund. At Kismantoro village, Wonogiri district there was a spending on TPK operational fund for village chief s fee of Rp ,- 2. Corruption in accuracy of target recipient Kecamatan Rancakalong, Sumedang district, with number of inhabitants of people, should actually receive fund from KDP II at an amount of Rp 750 million, not Rp 1 billion. Besides that, two kecamatan in Sumedang district (Buah Dua and Tanjungkerta), who were not recommended to receive KDP fund, had gotten the fund anyway. 3. Working plan was not thorough Working plan was not thoroughly done, causing work to be delayed or unable to be utilized. This case was found in Kembangsari village, Boyolali district. Local market development had not been completed as the community s independent fund failed to reach the target. Meanwhile, program activity in kecamatan Mesuji and Menggala, Tulang Bawang district, were delayed for two months from RKTL due to changes in the regulation of writing proposal of infrastructures and facilities. THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

38 29 4. KDP implementation progress level was still low Activities in three villages in kecamatan Ampel, Boyolali district, were still below 60%, while the other three villages had not conducted the program. The UPK in kecamatan Pangadegan, Purbalingga district has liquidated fund from the first KPKN with an amount of Rp 300 million as of 12/12/2003, but until 8/01/2004 had not distributed to the villages. 5. Budget plan design (RAB) was not optimal RAB designs in several villages were still considered to be uninformative. At kecamatan Trucuk and Jatinom, Klaten district, there was an excess calculation on RAB s physical activity to develop street concretes, caused by the difference in RAB calculation guideline usage by FKT and the negligence of District Engineer Consultant when doing verification. 4.6 Impact and Evaluation Study In order to figure out and explore the impact of KDP, as well as ascertain various progress of the pilot projects conducted in some KDP locations, this impact and evaluation study became one component undertaken in KDP activity. During KDP II, some impact and evaluation study had been conducted by the World Bank Consultants. The following are the summary of those studies: Economic Impact Analysis Post KDP Village Infrastructure Development In November 2004, one of the World Bank consultants had finished a study on economic impact analysis post KDP village infrastructure development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic impact and benefit gained by the community from KDP infrastructures, which had been built with participating approach. The study was conducted on 113 KDP infrastructure projects in four selected provinces, ie. North Sumatra, East Java, South Sulawesi, and East Nusa Tenggara. The four types of infrastructure investigated were roads, bridges, clean water, and irrigation. To analyze the impact, three main components were used: 1) Economic Internal Rates of Return (EIRR) calculation; 2) Infrastructure development impact on the village macro economy calculation; 3) comparison between the cost of KDP infrastructure development and local government project, including basic research on technical quality. The result of the research concluded that the participating approach used by KDP in building the infrastructures had indeed given a great impact on the economy of villages under investigation. Since the infrastructures built were able to open up new economic opportunity for the people, such as opening access from production to market area, transportation became more far reaching and cheaper. In addition, infrastructures like irrigation, could indeed increase the village economy. From the EIRR analysis, it was found that the average of return on investment for 113 projects had reached 52,7%. This number was higher than expected. The analysis was based on meticulous assumption and including minus factor to take into consideration seasonal condition that would affect the village income. Although the minus factor had been taken into consideration, the rate of return on investment still indicated high benefit. Quantitatively, the general multiplier effect analysis result indicated that there was an added value of Rp ,- or USD By comparing KDP price to contractor price, it was discovered that the average saving reached 55,82%. And when the number was extrapolated to other projects built during the first and second KDP, and then given the minus factor, the saving and added value number were still quite high. Life quality indicator clearly indicated that there had been a great benefit, directly or indirectly. Some invisible impacts appeared too in the project. According to the people, 62 projects (55%) build were felt to be very useful, while 46 other projects (41%) was felt to be useful and only 5 projects (4%) was felt to be less useful. In other words, 108 projects (95%) were assessed by the people to be very useful or useful after daily observation. THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

39 30 In general, the project technical quality could be accepted by the community who took part in building those projects. Comparing the results among provinces, there was one thing interesting. 106 out of 113 projects analyzed (93,8 %) had reached the level of being excellent or good. One important note was that there was no single project in progress which obtained bad assessment or technically unaccepted. KDP II Impact Evaluation Study Participation and outcome and output analysis from KDP, as an effort to alleviate poverty and encourage local government participation, would be conducted through KDP II Impact Evaluation Study. According to plan, the study will be carried out in All this while the qualitative study done in KDP assumed that there were a lot of things that could be learned critically and this study was expected to give a lot of information. The study that would be conducted by one of World Bank consultants, attempted to seek an answer to the main question: how well would the rural community be able to solve any development problems based to their own perception. Research will be conducted in 36 villages in four selected provinces, which are North Sumatra, Central Java, South Kalimantan, and Central Sulawesi. The team will consist of 12 researchers led by two Team Leaders and one Project Leader. The research that will be carried out in June October 2005, will be written down in a final report by the beginning of KDP and Community Conflict Settlement Study Conflict could happen anywhere, including in KDP kecamatan. That was why a Community Conflict Settlement Study and KDP were conducted to test the impact of KDP activity on the conflict occurring in that area and how that conflict was managed. This evaluation study, conducted by one of the World Bank consultants, was also designed to understand further KDP relation with the conflicts that happened in local level, such as land problem, local politic disputes and violence. Did KDP trigger conflict? If yes, was the conflict more severe or lighter compared to the other development programs? Could KDP help people manage conflict in peaceful ways? And, in what ways KDP and the other development programs could be strengthened to increase the community s capability in managing a conflict? The study used two approaches, qualitative and quantitative. The six month research,, was conducted in 42 villages in four districts in East Java and East Nusa Tenggara. During that time, 70 ethnographic local conflict case studies (key information) had been collected. These cases were investigated to see the cause of a conflict and whether the cases contained elements of violence. The key information survey was also used to test KDP impact and hypothesis: with other approach, would it give a different impact. Apart from that, database was developed to test the conflict existence and impact in the researched area. The study result would be reported; while the survey result was still in the process of completion. Final report would be presented in the middle of 2005 and shown in Corruption Monitoring Study Corruption is an epidemic, mostly happening in developing countries. Many corruption cases, such as in taxation, have caused the cost spent for mass or business services to be inflated. Hence, it is not surprising that a research outcome (Mauro 1995) stated that corruption has contributed greatly to the low level of economic growth in developing countries. In the middle of 2004, one of the World Bank consultants conducted a corruption monitoring study in KDP. This study was done in 608 villages in Central Java and East Java provinces. Various field experience outcomes designed as an alternative approach in fighting corruption had been gathered, then used to test the effect of the two monitoring strategy regularly used: the top down monitoring used by government auditor and the participating bottom up monitoring in grass root level The result of this research indicated that substantially the audit conducted by external party could reduce the number of thefts in the project, but the effect was still insignificant compared to the total corruption level. Monitoring done by the grass root was more effective for government program that supplied personal necessities, such as food subsidy, education and health, where every person in the community has personal need to ensure those goods delivered and thus leading to less theft. However, for public necessities, such as infrastructure project under investigation, it was advised to use professional auditor. THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

40 31 The research also discovered some basic examinations for project implementation in the future. First, the analysis was done based on actual calculation of corruption, not using direct magnitude of corruption or other standard pattern, as it was difficult to be done. In some studies, the researchers usually focused more on people s perception rather than the magnitude of corruption. For example, wide publication on the punishment for corrupt officials had indeed decreased the level of corruption, but also increased people s awareness on corruption itself. In that case, corruption perception and actual corruption could have a mutual relationship. To widen the issue, a home survey was conducted to find out the rural community s perception on corruption, in Indonesia in general or in the project progressing in their village in particular. The data could be combined with the actual corruption data to test the connection between corruption perception and reality. This could be a promising active guide for the future. Other interesting finding is the analysis on long-term effect of an attempt to fight corruption. For instance, if an auditor could be bribed, then the people would keep on repeating it and forge a relationship with the auditor. Therefore, it was important to have an auditor rotation or giving severe punishment to a puny auditor. Considering the importance of implementing corruption policy and ensuring that this policy could be used effectively and in a long term, the war declaration against corruption was significant and must continue to be developed. KDP Replication Study No doubt, KDP success has made the local government (Pemda) enthusiastic to develop various empowerment programs. The local government had been trying to implement KDP scheme, starting from the mechanism and main principles to the program implementation stages. To find out how many of this replication program and the field implementation, the National Management Consultant and World Bank carried out a small research to get more detailed information. The study was held for two months in seven chosen provinces that implemented 10 types of program. The selection was based on identification results, whereby the province has had the program and applied KDP mechanism and principles properly. Study result indicated that the spirit of the local government to apply bottom-up planning approach in village development had grown. This was visible from the goal of the program to increase the community s welfare, and that the poor people had become the main focus of the program s objective, such as Poverty Alleviation Integrated Movement (Gerdu Taskin - Gerakan Terpadu Pengentasan Kemiskinan) that was implemented in Bangkan and Lamongan, East Java. In addition, there were also Economic Empowerment for People of Old Village Program (PPEK-KT - Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kerakyatan Kampung Tua) in North Lampung, Lampung and Aceh Darussalam People Movement (Gema Asalam - Gerakan Masyarakat Aceh Darussalam) in NAD. From 10 replication programs under observation, it could be seen that those programs had a positive impact in alleviating poverty by providing fund for infrastructure development and small credits. In its implementation, the replication program made use of some mechanism frequently used in KDP, such as open menu principle, village discussion and independency. One thing that needed to be noted, the programs also used local manpower in building the village infrastructures. Nonetheless, there were some weaknesses found in this replication program, especially in the transparency and accountability principles application. This could be seen from the lack of fund usage information, due to lack of financial documentation including receipt and lack of accountability meetings. Apart from that, sustainability aspect of the activity had also not being taken into consideration, so that usage period of the activity outcome was not long lasting. The reason being, the fund was generally allocated for one year and the amount was too small. This condition needed the local government s attention, so that the local government needed to increase the quality of program implementation in the future. Otherwise, the KDP scheme replication would only remain spontaneous and did not give added value to the people and the government itself. THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

41 32 Matching Grant Study In 1997, KDP was only a pilot project carried out in 25 villages, but currently it has become the greatest participating development program in the world. In 2002, KDP locations consisted more than villages, and at the end 2003, when the second phase of this program commenced, its coverage had expanded to villages in 29 provinces or 91% of total provinces in Indonesia. In order to see how far the pattern progressed and its impact on local development, one of the World Bank consultants conducted a Matching Grant Study (MG) in January May 2004, based on KDP II first year implementation. The study had uncovered the local government s intention to follow MG pattern. Besides the reason that KDP was a very good program, there were also villages that had not been covered by KDP. Especially since in MG, there was no consultant assistance fee. As a result, in the first year of KDP II, 85 from 192 villages implemented MG pattern with local government budget contribution respectively between Rp 500 million to Rp 4 billion or 0,6 4,7 % of local government expenses. Government officials evaluation on KDP performance can be seen in table 18. Table 18: Government Officials Evaluation on KDP Performance High Low Aspect Score % Aspect Score % Transparency / level of corruption small Consultants capacity Cost efficiency Report and data availability Time efficiency Capability Meeting target implementation People s contribution Result satisfaction Community satisfaction Technical skills enhancement Alleviating Poverty Researchers had also attempted to see the connection between MG and fiscal sustainability, local government contribution, and procedural issues concerning MG, quantitatively and qualitatively, through interview with some government officials, district KDP TK, district local legislative members and consultants in 17 districts from six provinces. Although some areas admitted that fund limitation was the reason of not following MG, it seemed that fiscal capacity did not affect that decision. There were several factors which could explain that. Firstly, the fact that MG did not require high cost since it did not influence FG funding, so that MG did not seem to be an obligation. Secondly, following MG was just to please the central government. This explained why fund allocation for MG was relatively small. It went on to explain why the fiscal capacity did not affect budget allocation for MG. The other reason was that because they had other alternative program which had been approved by their local leaders and legislative members, as well as the fact of miscommunication among officials. First KDP Social Economic Impact Quantitative Analysis In the last ten years, there were so many participative development program that involved people directly, from decision making process to fund management. Such development program was believed to be better. That was one reason why the World Bank was also involved in funding such programs. Even, the fund allocation from the World Bank for such programs kept increasing, from USD 325 million in 1996 to USD 2 billion in In Indonesia, KDP and Poverty Alleviation in the Cities Program (P2KP - Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Perkotaan) were the largest participative development program with large amount of funding as well, reaching USD 809 million since 1998 until now. KDP had several advantages. First, information could be accessed more easily. People knew what they needed, where the poverty centers were and their causes, as they experienced it themselves. Second, THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

42 33 opening access to funding sources through loans and social aids. Third, introducing good governance, transparency, responsibility, and participation in development. These were expected to increase the people s capacity. However, is it true that such development program delivered positive impact as expected? The study done by World Bank Consultant in February April 2005 could give a glimpse on the quantitative economic impact of KDP I. The study tried to answer some questions, was KDP meant for the poverty stricken people? From KDP chosen areas it was found that the poverty level in KDP locations was 24.36%, whereas in non-kdp location was only 13.93%. The total population in KDP location reached 20% of the total Indonesian people, whereby 30% of the poor people lived in kecamatan. The study also tried to answer whether the target aimed by KDP had been optimized or whether it could be improved further. From a simple test using the poverty map drawn by the Central Statistic Bureau (BPS), it was found that if the KDP location selection was based on the number of poor people, then 986 kecamatan of the first KDP would cover 52% of the poor people, not just 30% with poverty level reaching 28%, not just 24.36%. On the other hand, if the kecamatan selection was based on the poverty level, the coverage could actually reach 38%, higher than the actual number (30%) or covering 40% of the poor person, not just 24.36%. Then there was also question on whether KDP was able to increase the quality of life of the rural community. If yes, in what ways? Were there any changes in kecamatan that had implemented KDP? How about kecamatan with higher level of people s participation? In 2003, the first KDP cycle, every family was estimated to get an additional income per capita of Rp 1.720,- per month or Rp per year or an increase of 5% from During the second KDP cycle it was 3,1% from 1998 and in the 3rd cycle 0,3% from Return on investment also increased every cycle. In 2001, ROI level for the first cycle was 22,01%, the second cycle 6,32%. In 2002, ROI in the first cycle was 47,53%, second cycle 40,30%. In 2003, ROI in the first, second and third cycle was respectively 60,35%, 53,84%, and 13,90%. The Kecamatan with low level of participation in MAD II, its activity quality was just 2/3 of kecamatan with high level of participation. In relation to independency, the profit level in kecamatan with low level of independency was only half of kecamatan with high level of independency. 4.7 Program Achievement Indicator KDP implementation was also assessed by a program achievement indicator found in the Project Appraisal Document (PAD) for KDP II, issued by the World Bank on 23rd May This can be seen in appendix 6. THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

43 34 Voices from the Field The people have comprehended KDP principles and the awareness to be critical has also emerged. All that can be the basis of institutionalizing participative planning. (Laode Bongka, Village Chief of Rangka, Kabawo) Actually participation process such as this is not new. Before that we have done Village Development Meeting and Kecamatan Development Forum, but because the proposal met a dead end and the feedback did not comply to the needs, people get fed up. As a result, participation process was just artificial, it did not really involve the community. (Abdurahman Samaun, Youth activist, Kaiyasa village, North Oba, Kota Tidore Kepulauan) I do not believe that if the village development fund is directly managed by local government officials would be beneficial and efficient. Nowadays even BangDes fund is not transparent. So, if there should be any transfer in management, the quality of government officials must be improved. (A. Yani, TPK Taman Jaya Leader, Kota Bumi Selatan) Without independent assistance like KDP model, there are possibilities of conflict arising among villagers and the settlement might take a long time. This situation may pose as an obstacle to the execution of village development. (Nodelga, villager of Watonda, Tongkuno) THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

44 35 V. Challenges and Plans THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

45 36 V CHALLENGES AND PLANS 5.1. Challenges During the project implementation in year 2004, KDP has been indicating some achievements. But in the same time there were also some constraints and challenging. Those are : 1. Lack of optimization of KDP implementation in the field In cycle IV (KDP II year I) project implementation took a relatively longer period compare to KDP I. The process started from inter-village meeting I to hand-over village meeting for finished works (MDST). Some locations had just completed this cycle in the middle of Even for certain locations and Papua were still engage until the end of A relatively longer cycle had some positives aspects, quality of the proposals were getting better and comprehensive, but many of them could be funded by KDP. This became the main challenge in starting the next cycle in the second year Considering such condition, a policy was taken to run KDP Cycle V and Cycle VI implementation with optimization pattern. The essence of optimization pattern was: (a) utilization of the remaining Cycle IV proposals considered feasible and relevant to be directly funded in Cycle V without repeating the process all over again from the beginning; (b) execution of activities in Cycle IV and Cycle V was conducted in parallel or simultaneously with the planning of Cycle V activity and Cycle VI activity; (c) implementation of KDP cycle was based on a thorough and realistic schemes. In the progress, KDP with this optimization pattern faced some constraints as follows: (a) many consultants were unable to fully understand fully the essence of that optimization pattern and unable to accept the reason of issuing such policy; (b) delay in implementation of the optimization policy, such as postponed training; (c) some results of Cycle IV implementation were not in line with the principles and procedures (such as failure to put into practice the principle of competition, funding of remaining proposal equally divided, neglecting concern over women group, etc). Specifically for Papua, a policy was taken to postpone the implementation of KDP Cycle V and carried out and accomplished only Cycle IV program throughout Next, KDP implementation in Papua would be treated with special pattern. 2. Absence of Consultant and Facilitator In managing the program, absence of consultant, due to resignation, dismissal because of violation in code of ethics or weak performance, as well as maternity leave, became the main challenge in supporting the success of KDP implementation. Absence of one consultant or facilitator in the field had an impact on project including completion period of a cycle. Meanwhile, the available back-up consultants or facilitators were not evenly distributed in every location. Any vacancy for District Consultants were filled in by promoting Kecamatan Facilitator having good performance. Then, to fill in the vacancy Kecamatan Facilitator were backing up from reserve facilitators from other provinces. However, placement for consultant and facilitator placement still faced many obstacle for instant, delay for assignment letters sent by the Project Manager, and RMU still incapable to take its authority according to SOP (Standard Operating Procedure). 3. Delay in Preparing Fund Disbursement Documents Delay in the preparation of Project Funding Form (DIPP), as the basic precondition to release fund THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

46 37 to kecamatan, had become a constraint as well as a challange.with optimization policy in the implementation of KDP Cycle V, there were some KDP locations ready to disburse the fund in the middle 2004, but DIPP had not been formulated (only formulated in August 2004). This delay had caused several program activities in the field postponed. This experience also predicted would occur again in Cycle V, where fund are not able to be disbursed in December 2004 and also funding for Cycle VI. Meanwhile, through the implementation of optimization policy, Cycle VI implementation was estimated to require fund disbursement in the middle of Inaccuracy in Data Collection and Delay in Reporting Delay in field reporting and data inaccuracy had also become a constraint and challenge in the implementation of KDP in The data delivered, such as account reconciliation, activity progress, community participation data, etc, were often not subject to validation process by its supervising consultants. The schedule of report delivery as set in the Technical Guide of Operation (PTO) had often been unfulfilled. Delay in delivering reports until the end of the year was still frequently recurring, so that a policy to postpone payment of salary and operational fund for every delay had to be taken Future Plans Learning from experience and adjusting to the circumstances faced, KDP implementation in future would have several working plans as follows: 1. Accomplishment of KDP II Cycle IV, Cycle V, and Implementation of Cycle VI In 2005, apart from carrying out Cycle VI activity, KDP implementation has yet to complete some activities of Cycle IV especially in Papua and Cycle V which have not been completed in Based on the results of the Coordination Meeting of National Management Consultants in December 2004, Cycle IV until Village Meeting for Transition was planned to be completed in early On the other hand, Cycle V activity, especially in locations whose fund have not been fully absorbed, was planned to be accomplished within two months after the remaining fund of 2004 could be liquidated, estimated to be the latest by June. While Cycle VI, for most locations, was planned to be accomplished at the end of Execution of KDP III The execution of KDP III would be carried out in the middle of The signing of Note of Grant Agreement (NPH) between the Central Government and Local Government in relation to Block Grant for KDP III, had been carried out at the end of The signing of this NPH was a form of follow up to KDP III prerequisites which would implement cost sharing pattern in block grant funding, based on fiscal capacity of each region. As in the previous phases, KDP III implementation would also be started by giving training to consultants and facilitators, which according to plan, would be conducted starting at the beginning till the middle of Implementation of KDP for Aceh Rehabilitation Post-Disaster Due to to the earthquake and tsunami disasters prevailing in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Province, KDP implementation in this province will continue some special adjustments. KDP for NAD rehabilitation post-disaster will be only carried on those devastated locations. Other adjustments disaster locations are: (a) amount of block grant would be increased; (b) provision of special allocation for social fund in devastated villages which is 25% of Block Grant allocation in kecamatan; and (c) The block grant also allowed to fund housing sub-projects and infrastructure KDP regional coverage will be widen in future and cover all kecamatan in NAD. Nonetheless, in those locations which were not directly impacted by the disaster, KDP implementation would still be based on KDP regulations prevailing in general. 4. Implementation of Special Pattern KDP for Papua and West Irian Jaya Provinces In 2005, the implementation of KDP in Papua and West Irian Jaya provinces would be focused on completing KDP II Cycle IV, which had taken place more than two years. It was planned that in the middle of 2005, activities in Papua and West Irian Jaya have reached Village Meeting for Transition phase, and THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

47 38 to be directly followed by KDP implementation with special pattern, both for those who were supposed to carry out KDP II with Cycle V and Cycle VI and those who were going to implement KDP III. The implementation of Special Pattern KDP in Papua and West Irian jaya was carried out to adjust program with the relatively difficult geographical factor, community cultural factor, and as a form of adjustment with the issuance of Special Autonomy Regulation. 5. Pilot Project: Education, Clean Water and Sanitation Activity (Health) For the future implementation of KDP, a series of pilot project activities have been planned in the field of education and health. This pilot project was financed from the Netherlands Government grant. The emphasis in the field of health was provision of clean water and sanitation. The pilot project location was prioritized in the Eastern Region. In addition, the implementation of this pilot project would involve related government institutions and departments, such as the Ministry of National Education and the Ministry of Health. Voices from the Field KDP process has educated the people to be more daring in expressing their aspiration and using village meeting as a place to make mutual decision. (Pardi, Chief of Karang Taruna, Desa Bendungan, Paguat, Gorontalo) We have adjusted the procedure and mechanism of MG fund liquidation to KDP regulation. Even if we are using Local Income and Spending Budget, there is no reason to make our own regulation. We will never put ourselves to difficulties. (Abdurrahman Assaf, Secretary of YKPPK-Kota Ternate) Competition in KDP really makes sense. I believe there are no lobbies everywhere and then. Our village proposal has won because it was needed. There were so many people utilizing it as it was dedicated to all villages and even other villages. Thanks to such system of competition, we were able to obtain the fund as much as we needed. If it was to be evenly divided, perhaps the fund that we received would be less than what was needed, while the others would get surplus. (Kadri Amirudin, Village Secretary of Dungingis, North Tolitoli, Tolitoli) Members of the House of Representatives should actually reflect upon the system of competition in KDP. This is the way people learn about democracy! This kind of competition is fair, as only those urgent proposals would get the funding. (Arif Saleh, village representative in kecamatan Ampibabo, Parogo Moutong) THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 2004 KDP SECOND PHASE

48 Annex-1

49 Annex 1. NATIONAL PROFILE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District % Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 4: Special Meeting for Women 7: Inter-village Meeting III 10: Hand over Village Meeting 2: Village Meeting I 5: Village Meeting II 8: Village Meeting III 11: Project maintenance. 3: Ideas Excavation 6: Inter-village Meeting II 9: Accountability Village Meeting Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 14% 7% 3% 13% 9% 5% 1% 9% 31% 8% 1% 23% 45% 30% Roads Rp Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Rp. Rp. Rp. Rp. Rp Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Footpath Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures Rp Rp Rp Rp Rp Rp Rp Rp

50 Annex 1.1 N. ACEH DARUSSALAM PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District % Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 4: Special Meeting for Women 7: Inter-village Meeting III 10: Hand over Village Meeting 2: Village Meeting I 5: Village Meeting II 8: Village Meeting III 11: Project maintenance 3: Ideas Excavation 6: Inter-village Meeting II 9: Accountability Village Meeting Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 6% 26% 2% 1% 5% 0% 8% 4% 7% 88% 5% 4% 17% 27% Roads Rp Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Rp Infrastructures Rp Footpath Rp Economic Productivity Rp Bridges Rp Education Rp Bridges rehabilitation Rp Health Rp Clear water Rp Saving and Loans Rp Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures Rp Rp Rp

51 Annex 1.2. NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District 100% Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 30% 1% 0% 6% 2% 3% 13% 2% 4% 9% 36% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

52 Annex 1.3. WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE January % Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Year 1 Year 2 Year Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 4: Special Meeting for Women 7: Inter-village Meeting III 10: Hand over Village Meeting 2: Village Meeting I 5: Village Meeting II 8: Village Meeting III 11: Project maintenance 3: Ideas Excavation 6: Inter-village Meeting II 9: Accountability Village Meeting Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 5% 1% 43% 23% 10% 40% 10% 4% 12% 41% 10% 2% Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Bridges Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

53 Annex 1.4. RIAU PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District 100% Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance. Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 45% 9% 31% 10% 3% 6% 5% 3% 10% 0% 43% 15% 19% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

54 Annex 1.5. JAMBI PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District 100% Year 1 Year 2 Year Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 55% 2% 10% 2% 9% 4% 2% 7% 5% 3% 37% 0% 32% 32% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Footpath Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

55 Annex 1.6. SOUTH SUMATERA PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District % Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 20% 13% 2% 23% 2% 3% 5% 72% 1% 4% 27% 7% 8% 13% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Footpath Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

56 Annex 1.7. KEPULAUAN RIAU PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year % Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting a 11: Project maintenance. Fund Absorption 38% Type of Infrastructure Activities 44% 11% 0% 8% 11% 11% 6% 3% 43% 8% 17% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

57 Annex 1.8. LAMPUNG PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District 100% Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 21% 30% 16% 9% 2% 1% 4% 42% 1% 52% 16% 1% 5% Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

58 Annex 1.9. BANTEN PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District % Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 10% 9% 4% 1% 30% 42% 2% 7% 4% 5% 4% 56% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans 27% Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

59 Annex WEST JAVA PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year % Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 2% 4% 40% 4% 1% 9% 13% 14% 56% 4% 4% 40% 10% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

60 Annex CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year % Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 41% 17% 45% 7% 1% 10% 5% 1% 9% 36% 22% 3% 3% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

61 Annex D.I. YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Year 1 Year 2 Year Community Participation 100% 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 31% 12% 64% 3% 5% 13% 13% 1% 28% 16% 15% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Clear water Irrigation Other infrastructures

62 Annex EAST JAVA PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Community Participation 100% 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 45% 39% 6% 1% 8% 8% 6% 1% 5% 2% 4% 40% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans 36% Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

63 Annex BALI PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District % Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 26% 26% 5% 2% 1% 6% 20% 26% 3% 10% 38% 11% 26% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Footpath Bridges Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

64 Annex NUSA TENGGARA BARAT PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year % Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 40% 19% 2% 14% 1% 36% 1% 10% 10% 43% 4% 20% Roads Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

65 Annex NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District 100% Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 14% 32% 18% 11% 2% 21% 7% 4% 2% 6% 0% 37% 44% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

66 19 Annex WEST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE January % Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Year 1 Year 2 Year Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 45% 2% 25% 3% 2% 1% 7% 3% 22% 44% 47% Roads Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Other infrastructures

67 Annex CENTRAL KALIMANTAN PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Community Participation 100% 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance. Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 51% 2% 35% 12% 7% 22% 20% 18% 7% 2% 4% 16% 3% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

68 Annex SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Year 1 Year 2 Year % Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance. Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 14% 61% 4% 10% 17% 10% 10% 1% 2% 24% 13% 4% 5% 25% Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Footpath Bridges Bridges rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

69 Annex EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District 100% Year 1 Year 2 Year Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 11% 14% 3% 18% 13% 6% 35% 48% 16% 27% 7% 1% Roads Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Footpath Bridges Clear water Sanitation Other infrastructures

70 Annex GORONTALO PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District 100% Year 1 Year 2 Year Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 9% 6% 12% 48% 37% 0% 51% 20% 5% 3% 8% 2% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

71 Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Annex NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE January 2005 Year 1 Year 2 Year % Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 10% 3% 3% 20% 39% 6% 11% 3% 1% 3% 20% 44% 36% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Footpath Bridges Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

72 25 Annex CENTRAL SULAWESI PROVINCE January 2005 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District % Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 4: Special Meeting for Women 7: Inter-village Meeting III 10: Hand over Village Meeting 2: Village Meeting I 5: Village Meeting II 8: Village Meeting III 11: Project maintenance 3: Ideas Excavation 6: Inter-village Meeting II 9: Accountability Village Meeting Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 7% 16% 48% 11% 13% 7% 23% 2% 32% 31% 6% 3% Roads Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Bridges Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

73 Annex SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District 100% Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance. Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 22% 42% 22% 9% 1% 10% 3% 3% 2% 9% 6% 31% 14% 27% Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Footpath Bridges Bridges Rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

74 Annex SOUTH EAST SULAWESI PROVINCE January % Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Year 1 Year 2 Year Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 44% 15% 28% 8% 3% 5% 3% 4% 3% 16% 33% 12% 26% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Footpath Bridges Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

75 Annex NORTH MALUKU PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Year 1 Year 2 Year Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District 100% Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 20% 1% 0% 7% 6% 4% 2% 44% 68% 13% 28% 6% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Footpath Bridges Clear water Sanitation Other infrastructures

76 Annex MALUKU PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District 100% Year 1 Year 2 Year Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 17% 12% 3% 5% 32% 2% 4% 4% 17% 76% 3% 8% 17% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Footpath Bridges Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

77 Annex PAPUA PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District Year 1 Year 2 Year Community Participation 100% 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance a. Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 29% 2% 12% 20% 7% 9% 29% 20% 44% 11% 0% 13% 1% 3% Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Footpath Bridges Bridges Rehabilitation Clear water Irrigation Sanitation Other infrastructures

78 Annex IRIAN JAYA BARAT PROVINCE January 2005 Fund allocation: Number of Population Number of Full Grant Kecamatan Number of Matching Grant Kecamatan Number of Villages Number of Kecamatan Number of District 100% Year Tahun 1 1 Year Tahun 2 2 Year Tahun Community Participation 80% Percent 60% 40% 20% 0% Activities Women Cycle 4 The Poor Cycle 4 Women Cycle 5 The Poor Cycle 5 Project Stages : 1: Inter-village Meeting I 2: Village Meeting I 3: Ideas Excavation 4: Special Meeting for Women 5: Village Meeting II 6: Inter-village Meeting II 7: Inter-village Meeting III 8: Village Meeting III 9: Accountability Village Meeting 10: Hand over Village Meeting 11: Project maintenance Fund Absorption Type of Infrastructure Activities 23% 38% 6% 3% 9% 8% 4% 48% 20% 28% 5% 7% 0% Roads Infrastructures Economic Productivity Education Health Saving and Loans Roads Rehabilitation / Roads Concreting Footpath Bridges Bridges Rehabilitation Clear water Sanitation Other infrastructures