Berlin, 30 th June 2014
|
|
- Edwina Newman
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The change of employment status and wage before and after parental leave in Germany: Economic theory and empirical evidence using the GSOEP from Berlin, 30 th June 2014 Alexander Labeit, MD, PhD Center for Outcomes Research (COR) University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria Phone:
2 Overview Part 1: Family policy and institutional regulations during the period of maternity leave and parental leave Part 2: Economic theories Part 3: Labour force participation after protected periods of childbirth (maternity leave and parental leave Part 4: Re-entry into employment after childbirth Part 5: Change of income after interruption of the employment by childbirth Part 6: Conclusions and future research 2
3 Packages of measures for better compatibility between family and work I Group 1: Incentives for employment interruption and exit from employment German Federal Act on the Payment of Child Raising Benefit and Child Raising (BErzGG) (1986): Payment of child raising benefit and parental leave State specific child raising benefit laws Cicil service law: long-term leave of absence Company specific possibilities of advanced parental leave Parental leave law (1985) in the statutory pension insurance Employee promotion law (Beschäftigtenförderungsgesetz ) (1985): temporary replacement subsitution 3
4 Packages of measures for better compatibility between family and work II Group 2: Promoting the reintegration after employment exit AFG regulations (training, retraining, among others) Qualification Offensive" BMJFFG model program ( ) Offers from municipal and community service associations Group 3: Reconciliation of work and family life Promotion of part-time work by law, labour collective agreements and in the public service Promotion of part-time work without paying social security taxes Infrastructure development: kindergartens, nurseries, full-day schools 4
5 Regulation of the Maternity Protection Law (MuSchG) in the FRG Paragraph Content Restriction 1 MuSchG Conditions of entitlement All dependent employed pregnant women in Cchildbed 2 MuSchG Organization of the work place Listing of forbidden and constricted activities for becoming mothers 3, 4 MuSchG Leave of absence right and work restrictions for pregnant women 6 weeks before childbirth delivery Listing of all forbidden and restricted activities 6 MuSchG Work restriction after childbirth 8 or 12 weeks after childbirth 8 MuSchG Restriction of activities Listing of all restricted activities, work conditions and work times 9 MuSchG Ban of layoff During pregnancy and until 4 months after child labour MuSchG Salary replacement Service provision through health insurance and employer 5
6 German Federal Act on the Payment of Child Raising Benefit and Child Raising (BErzGG) Paragraph Content Provison 15 BErzGG Conditions of entitlement and entitled persons All dependent employed women and men with a living child in the household and own child care of this child 15 BErzGG Duration Until to the third living year of the child 15, 16 BErzGG Possibilities of arrangement 18 BErzGG Right of return and professional protection of workplace Determining the configuration of the parental leave prior to the start Possible change only with the consent of the employer Possibility of three-time exchange between parents Work part-time employment up to 19 hours Protection from the termination of employment 6
7 Changes of the German Federal Act on the Payment of Child Raising Benefit and Child Raising Leave (BErzGG) Date of the BErzGG Date of validity of law Duration of parental leave Child-raising allowance
8 Changes of the German Federal Act on the Payment of Child Raising Benefit (BErzGG) Paragraph Content Regulations 1, 3, 4 BErzGG Eligibility requirements and legitimate All children under 2 years of age in the household Own care of the child no, or no full-time employment Use only by a parent Income below certain thresholds 4 BErzGG Duration Until the second year of the child life 5 BErzGG Level Maximal 300 per month and child 8
9 Separation of the time in 3 different periods 9
10 Economic theories relevant for work interruption after a childbirth Human capital theory Signal theory Microeconomic household theory Gender discrimination in the labour market Theory of internal and external labour markets 10
11 Dependency of wage rate from age and employment interruption 11
12 ecision for return-to-work from reservation, market and net wage Condition for return-to-work decision: w k t R(t) 12
13 Dividing time between leisure, household and work time Condition for return-to-work decision: w k t R(t) 13
14 mployment status 9 month before childbirth Emplyoment status Employment status after maternity leave 9 months after birth No employment PT employment FT employment PT employment FT employment Emplyoment status Employment status after parental leave 9 months after birth No employment PT employment FT employment PT employment FT employment
15 Logistic regression for return after maternity leave 15
16 Considered variables for the re-entry into the labour market Including as independent variables: Age, marital status, number of births School education (years), labour market experience, job tenure, change of employer (after parental leave), size of enterprise, public sector, employment status (full- or part time employment Absolute level of net income of the woman and the man, relative proportion of the women to the household net income, difference in education between man and woman Level of child raising benefit, potential maximal duration of parental leave in the birth year, birth year Survival regression: end of parental leave period 16
17 Model of re-entry after extending parental leave Including as independent variables: Age, marital status, number of births School education (years), labour market experience, job tenure, change of employer (after parental leave), size of enterprise, public sector, employment status (full- or part time employment Absolute level of net income of the woman and the man, relative proportion of the women to the household net income, difference in education between man and woman Level of child raising benefit, potential maximal duration of parental leave in the birth year, birth year Survival regression additional: end of parental leave period 17
18 KM survival estimate for return to work within parental leave 18
19 Discrete Cox regression for return-to-work during maternity/parental leave 19
20 Discrete Cox regression for return-to-work during maternity/parental leave 20
21 KM survival estimate for return to work after parental leave 21
22 Discrete Cox regression for return-to-work after maternity/parental leave 22
23 Discrete Cox regression for return-to-work after maternity/parental leave 23
24 Estimation of Mincer like wage rate equation Modified Mincer equation: lny t = α + ( r Including as independent variables: Marital status, number of births School education (years), labour market experience, job tenure, change of employer (after parental leave), size of enterprise, employment status, Full- or part time employment, industrial sector, working hours, hours of household time Total employment interruptions in years differentiated into: unemployment spells, household time, parental leave spells Estimation of wage equation with taking a selection correction term into consideration (Select-term) Specific year s s δ ) + s ( r * * * 1 k1 δ 1) e1 + ( r2 k 2 δ 2 ) e2 + ( r3 k3 δ 3 ) 24 e 3
25 Estimation of employment participation of women in the 2-equation model (wage equation and labour force participation) 25
26 FE panel regression for gross wage rate with Heckman select term 26
27 FE panel regression for gross wage rate with Heckman select term I 27
28 Relationship of gross wage rate and gross income after return to work and before birth 28
29 Conclusions I In the multivariate logistic regression analysis after the end of the maternal leave period there are only few significant variables. For 2 analyses - analysis period within parental leave analysis period after parental leave) using discrete survival analysis techniques there are only few significant variables explaining the return-to-work decision. Some of the hypotheses derived from microeconomic household theory and human capital theory for the return-to-work decision in the logistic and discrete survival time regression could be confirmed and others must be denied. Different interruptions in the working career influence the gross wage and gross income of women. A differentiation is made between 3 types of interruptions: spells of household work, spells of unemployment and spells of parental leave and spells of the same type are summed up. 29
30 Conclusions II A fixed effects model with an unbalanced panel and with a Heckman selection correction and gross wage as dependent variable shows that different types of interruption have different effects on the wage. Some of the hypotheses derived from microeconomic household theory and human capital theory could be confirmed and others must be denied. Spells of unemployment have the biggest income reduction (5,1% wage reduction for one year unemployment), followed by parental leave interruptions (2,3% wage reduction for one year parental leave). Household work interruptions have no significant effect. Further hypotheses derived from human capital theory and theory of internal and external labour markets are confirmed and also the work effort hypothesis. 30
31 Thank you for your attention! Any questions, comments and further ideas 31
Wage Progression in the UK
Wage Progression in the UK Monica Costa Dias Robert Joyce DWP meeting, January 2017 Outline Brief overview of recent and planned research relating to earnings progression Women: wages over the lifecycle,
More informationRemain, Retrain or Retire: Options for older workers following job loss
Remain, Retrain or Retire: Options for older workers following job loss John Deutsch Institute, Retirement Policy Issues in Canada October 27, 2007 Overview Overview: Options for older workers following
More informationEU Gender Equality law
EU Gender Equality law Serbia explanatory screening meeting Chapter 19 SOCIAL POLICY AND EMPLOYMENT 10-12 February 2014 DG Treaties and EU Charter Outline Employment: Directive 2006/54/EC Access to goods
More informationNúria Rodríguez-Planas, City University of New York, Queens College, and IZA (with Daniel Fernández Kranz, IE Business School)
Núria Rodríguez-Planas, City University of New York, Queens College, and IZA (with Daniel Fernández Kranz, IE Business School) Aim at protecting and granting rights to working mothers (fathers) However,
More informationChildren and Career Interruptions: The Family Gap in Denmark
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 263 Children and Career Interruptions: The Family Gap in Denmark Nabanita Datta Gupta Nina Smith February 2001 Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for
More informationFertility Decline and Work-Life Balance: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications
Fertility Decline and Work-Life Balance: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications Kazuo Yamaguchi Hanna Holborn Gray Professor and Chair Department of Sociology The University of Chicago October, 2009
More informationEducation Effects of Unemployment and the Transition to Parenthood in Germany and the UK
Education Effects of Unemployment and the Transition to Parenthood in Germany and the UK Christian Schmitt Rostock University & DIW Berlin Education and Reproduction in Low Fertility Settings Wittgenstein
More informationMinistry of Health, Labour and Welfare Statistics and Information Department
Special Report on the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century and the Longitudinal Survey of Adults in the 21st Century: Ten-Year Follow-up, 2001 2011 Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
More informationElectronic Supplementary Material (Appendices A-C)
Electronic Supplementary Material (Appendices A-C) Appendix A: Supplementary tables Table A 1: Contribution rates of (groups of) statutory health insurance funds in % Year AOK* BKK* IKK* BEK DAK KKH TK
More informationINEQUALITIES IN ACCESS TO PAID MATERNITY & PATERNITY LEAVE & FLEXIBLE WORK
INEQUALITIES IN ACCESS TO PAID MATERNITY & PATERNITY LEAVE & FLEXIBLE WORK BRIEFING Margaret O Brien (UCL), Matthew Aldrich (UEA), Sara Connolly (UEA), Rose Cook (UCL) and Svetlana Speight (NatCEN) INEQUALITIES
More informationThe effect of parental leave policy reform on labour market outcomes and births in Japan
The effect of parental leave policy reform on labour market outcomes and births in Japan Yukiko Asai 1 Research Fellow Institute of Social Science University of Tokyo Abstract This analysis focuses on
More informationDoes it Pay to be a Woman?
Does it Pay to be a Woman? Labour Market Effects of Maternity-related Job Protection and Replacement Incomes Beatrice Scheubel This version: January 2009 Abstract It is often considered to be unwise to
More informationREPRODUCTIVE HISTORY AND RETIREMENT: GENDER DIFFERENCES AND VARIATIONS ACROSS WELFARE STATES
REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY AND RETIREMENT: GENDER DIFFERENCES AND VARIATIONS ACROSS WELFARE STATES Karsten Hank, Julie M. Korbmacher 223-2010 14 Reproductive History and Retirement: Gender Differences and Variations
More informationMaternity Protection and Its Effect on Employment
e-labor News No. 149 Issue paper Maternity Protection and Its Effect on Employment Jayoung Yoon I. Introduction Korea has well-structured maternity- and paternity-leave programs designed to protect the
More informationExplaining the East German Fertility Crisis: Permanent wage changes and the timing of birth
Explaining the East German Fertility Crisis: Permanent wage changes and the timing of birth Melanie Arntz, Martha Bailey and Christina Gathmann University of Heidelberg/University of Michigan/ZEW SEEK
More informationRussian Federation 1
Russian Federation 1 Oxana Sinyavskaya (National Research University - Higher School of Economics) April 2016 NB. The Russian Federation is a federal state. For comparisons with other countries in this
More informationEgyptian Married Women Don t desire to Work or Simply Can t? A Duration Analysis. Rana Hendy. March 15th, 2010
Egyptian Married Women Don t desire to Work or Simply Can t? A Duration Analysis Rana Hendy Population Council March 15th, 2010 Introduction (1) Domestic Production: identified as the unpaid work done
More informationTURKEY. Aggregate spending are linearly estimated from 2000 to 2004 using 1999 and 2005 data.
TURKEY Monetary unit Social expenditures are expressed in millions of New Turkish liras (TRY). General notes: The individual country notes of the OECD Benefits and Wages ( www.oecd.org/social/benefitsand-wages.htm
More informationWELFARE REFORM AND THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE UNEMPLOYED. Sarah Brown and Karl Taylor Department of Economics University Of Sheffield InstEAD and IZA
WELFARE REFORM AND THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE UNEMPLOYED Sarah Brown and Karl Taylor Department of Economics University Of Sheffield InstEAD and IZA Understanding Behaviour Change and the Role of Conditionality
More informationFully paid maternity leave of 18 and 20 weeks - IMPACT ASSESSMENT
DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT A: ECONOMIC AND SCIENTIFIC POLICY EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS Fully paid maternity leave of 18 and 20 weeks - IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY Abstract
More informationThe gender pay gap in the UK: children and experience in work
The gender pay gap in the UK: children and experience in work Monica Costa Dias, Robert Joyce and Francesca Parodi February 2018 Abstract Despite some convergence, the gender pay gap remains large. In
More informationLabor supply of mothers with young children: Validating a structural model using a natural experiment
Labor supply of mothers with young children: Validating a structural model using a natural experiment Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan, Katharina Wrohlich February 29, 2012 In this paper we estimate an intertemporal
More informationLabor Participation and Gender Inequality in Indonesia. Preliminary Draft DO NOT QUOTE
Labor Participation and Gender Inequality in Indonesia Preliminary Draft DO NOT QUOTE I. Introduction Income disparities between males and females have been identified as one major issue in the process
More informationReasons for China's Changing Female Labor Force Participation Rate Xingxuan Xi
7th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Mechanical Engineering (EMIM 2017) Reasons for China's Changing Female Labor Force Participation Rate Xingxuan Xi School of North
More informationCHANGES TO THE SEX DISCRIMINATION ACT AND AN EMPLOYER S OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE CHILDCARE VOUCHERS DURING THE 52 WEEK MATERNITY LEAVE PERIOD
CHANGES TO THE SEX DISCRIMINATION ACT AND AN EMPLOYER S OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE CHILDCARE VOUCHERS DURING THE 52 WEEK MATERNITY LEAVE PERIOD The terms and conditions of an employee's employment may entitle
More information% %
2011 2 2 421 18~ 45 logit 2002 2007 2009 3 2003 2004 4 76 1 2009 2 3 4 442 18~45 2 421 1. 1 4 60.571% 6 61.296% 2 2. 3 3 Cronbach 0.6 % 3 1.960 17.817 17.817 3 1.838 16.711 34.528 3 1.692 15.384 49.912
More informationDaniel Fernández Kranz IE Business School Núria Rodríguez-Planas Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Daniel Fernández Kranz IE Business School Núria Rodríguez-Planas Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona In the light of the low fertility trends in many industrialized countries, and Given the increased relevance
More informationFig. 1 Forms of employment desired by casual employees
(Male) Under 20 years 20-24 years 25-29 years 30-34 years (Female) Under 20 years 20-24 years 25-29 years 30-34 years 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 (%) Regular employees Part-time employees, casual
More informationEPI & CEPR Issue Brief
EPI & CEPR Issue Brief IB #205 ECONOMIC POLICY INSTITUTE & CENTER FOR ECONOMIC AND POLICY RESEARCH APRIL 14, 2005 FINDING THE BETTER FIT Receiving unemployment insurance increases likelihood of re-employment
More informationUnemployment and volunteer work in longitudinal perspective
;MWWIRWGLEJXW^IRXVYQ 2SVHVLIMR;IWXJEPIR /YPXYV[MWWIRWGLEJXPMGLIW -RWXMXYX ;YTTIVXEP-RWXMXYXJ²V /PMQE9Q[IPX)RIVKMI -RWXMXYX%VFIMX YRH8IGLRMO Unemployment and volunteer work in longitudinal perspective An
More informationPerspectives from Latvia
Co.Co.A. Comparing Constitutional Adjudication A Summer School on Comparative Interpretation of European Constitutional Jurisprudence 4th Edition - 2009 Social Rights Latvia Social rights Perspectives
More informationProductivity: A Workforce Participation Breakdown
ALERA National Conference 2014 Professor Marian Baird marian.baird@sydney.edu.au Productivity: A Workforce Participation Breakdown BUSINESS SCHOOL Game Changers? Closing the gap between male and female
More informationAre Early Stage Investors Biased Against Women?
Are Early Stage Investors Biased Against Women? Ewens & Townsend University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & NBER NBER Entrepreneurship Working Group Meeting, December 2017 Discussion: Are Early Stage
More informationPAID LEAVE. Communications Kit
PAID LEAVE Communications Kit We will have arrived when every woman can decide for herself how to best find and use her God-given gifts. A woman may choose to have five children and home-school them. She
More informationThe Effect of Pension Subsidies on Retirement Timing of Older Women: Evidence from a Regression Kink Design
The Effect of Pension Subsidies on Retirement Timing of Older Women: Evidence from a Regression Kink Design Han Ye University of Mannheim 20th Annual Joint Meeting of the Retirement Research Consortium
More informationIntroduction. Education: Stylized Facts. The Schooling Model 4/15/2010. Chapter 6. Present Value Calculations
Introduction Chapter 6 Human Capital People bring into the labor market a unique set of abilities and acquired skills known as human capital. Workers add to their stock of human capital throughout their
More informationCAREER INTERRUPTIONS: WAGE AND GENDER EFFECTS
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2010 CAREER INTERRUPTIONS: WAGE AND GENDER EFFECTS Jill Kearns University of Kentucky, jillian.kearns@uky.edu
More informationExplaining the gender gap in sickness absence: the EU-LFS ad hoc
Explaining the gender gap in sickness absence: the EU-LFS ad hoc module 2005 Erling Solheim Norwegian University of Science and Technology 2nd European User Conference EU-LFS & EU-SILC Mannheim 31.03.2011
More informationThe Family Gap phenomenon: does having children impact on parents labour market outcomes?
The Family Gap phenomenon: does having children impact on parents labour market outcomes? By Amber Dale Applied Economic Analysis 1. Introduction and Background In recent decades the workplace has seen
More informationUruguay. Old Age, Disability, and Survivors. Uruguay. Exchange rate: US$1.00 equals new pesos (NP). Regulatory Framework.
Uruguay Exchange rate: US$1.00 equals 23.85 new pesos (NP). Old Age, Disability, and Survivors First laws: Various laws for specified groups of workers from 1829 to 1954. Current law: 1995 (social insurance
More informationHUNGARY Overview of the tax-benefit system
HUNGARY 2007 1. Overview of the tax-benefit system Unemployment insurance is compulsory for everyone in employment, except self-employed persons and employed pensioners; unemployment benefit is paid for
More informationAct on Job Alternation Leave (1305/2002) (as amended by several acts, including No. 481/2015)
NB: Unofficial translation Ministry of Employment and the Economy, Finland June 2015 Act on Job Alternation Leave (1305/2002) (as amended by several acts, including No. 481/2015) Section 1. Purpose of
More informationPaid Parental Leave Scheme Review. ACTU Submission
Paid Parental Leave Scheme Review ACTU Submission Contents 1. Introduction... 1 2. ACTU Paid Parental Leave Policy... 2 3. Recommendations... 4 Extension of the Government PPL Scheme... 4 Employer contributions...
More informationParental Leave Act (1995:584)
Parental Leave Act (1995:584) Amendments: up to and including SFS 2015:760 The persons who are subject to the Act Section 1 An employee has the right, as a parent, to leave from her or his employment in
More informationUnemployment Duration in the United Kingdom. An Incomplete Data Analysis. Ralf A. Wilke University of Nottingham
Unemployment Duration in the United Kingdom An Incomplete Data Analysis Ralf A. Wilke University of Nottingham 1. Motivation The determinants for the length of unemployment and out of the labour market
More informationSchool-to-Work Transition and Youth Unemployment in Turkey
1/26 School-to-Work Transition and Youth Unemployment in Turkey Duygu Güner University of Leuven Turkey Labor Market Network Meeting Istanbul, Dec 2, 2014 2/26 Outline The determinants of school-to-work
More informationThe welfare dependence in the Czech Republic
The welfare dependence in the Czech Republic Martin Guzi TPAVF Prague, 2014 International evidence Mulligan (2012) explains that recently expanded welfare programs in the USA provide strong disincentives
More informationHow do women with a partner respond to activation policies? Household roles and employment effects of training and workfare in Germany
How do women with a partner respond to activation policies? Household roles and employment effects of training and workfare in Germany Eva Kopf and Cordula Zabel Preliminary version -Please do not cite
More informationThe impact of tax and benefit reforms by sex: some simple analysis
The impact of tax and benefit reforms by sex: some simple analysis IFS Briefing Note 118 James Browne The impact of tax and benefit reforms by sex: some simple analysis 1. Introduction 1 James Browne Institute
More informationWhy has the female unemployment rate fallen so much in Britain?
Why has the female unemployment rate fallen so much in Britain? Phil Evans Bank of England, Threadneedle Street, London, EC2R 8AH The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect
More informationDo Women Working in the Public Sector Have it Easier to Become Mothers in Spain? Teresa Martín García* & Teresa Castro Martín**
Do Women Working in the Public Sector Have it Easier to Become Mothers in Spain? Teresa Martín García* & Teresa Castro Martín** Centre for Human and Social Sciences (CCHS) Spanish National Research Council
More informationThe University of North Texas at Dallas Policy Manual
The University of North Texas at Dallas Policy Manual Chapter 5.000 5.017.2 Sick Leave Human Resources Policy Statement. The University of North Texas at Dallas provides paid sick leave in accordance with
More informationEuropean (& the GCC) Employment Law Update
European (& the GCC) Employment Law Update Jurisdiction: The Netherlands Date: November 2017 Impact date Development Impact Date of entry into force: 1 January 2018 The scope of the Minimum Wage and Minimum
More informationThe Impact of Self-Employment Experience on Wages and the Risk of Unemployment
The Impact of Self-Employment Experience on Wages and the Risk of Unemployment Michaela Niefert Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim Niefert@zew.de (competing for Young Economist Award) Abstract:
More informationDear Reader: We wish you a Happy reading!
Year 08 N.º 4 Monthly Publication run 500 Free Distribution The opinions expressed by the authors of articles published herein do not necessarily represent those of Sal & Caldeira Advogados, Lda. Dear
More informationCZECH REPUBLIC Overview of the system
CZECH REPUBLIC 1999 1. Overview of the system Unemployed persons can receive unemployment benefits for a maximum period of 6 months. The social assistance system is the last system called upon to solve
More information(11) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, for an employment agency, by itself or its agent, or for
Sec. 46a-60. (Formerly Sec. 31-126). Discriminatory employment practices prohibited. (a) It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: (1) For an employer, by the employer or the
More informationThe Family Gap in Career Progression
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 8478 The Family Gap in Career Progression Astrid Kunze September 2014 Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor The Family Gap in Career
More informationFixed-Term Employment and Fertility: Evidence from German Micro Data
CESifo Economic Studies, 2016, 595 623 doi: 10.1093/cesifo/ifv014 Advance Access Publication Date: 2 July 2015 Original article Fixed-Term Employment and Fertility: Evidence from German Micro Data Wolfgang
More informationData and Methods in FMLA Research Evidence
Data and Methods in FMLA Research Evidence The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) was passed in 1993 to provide job-protected unpaid leave to eligible workers who needed time off from work to care for
More informationFamily and Work. 1. Labor force participation of married women
Family and Work 1. Labor force participation of married women - why has it increased so much since WW II? - how is increased market work related to changes in the gender wage gap? 2. Is there a time crunch?
More informationI. DECLARATIONS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 1(L) OF REGULATION (EC) NO 883/2004 & THE DATE FROM WHICH THE REGULATION WILL APPLY
Declaration by the Republic of Bulgaria pursuant to Article 9 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the coordination of social security systems
More information1/23/2012 WORK AND RETIREMENT. The Importance of Work in Adulthood. THE JOURNEY OF ADULTHOOD Barbara R. Bjorklund
THE JOURNEY OF ADULTHOOD Barbara R. Bjorklund Chapter 7 WORK AND RETIREMENT The Importance of Work in Adulthood Jobs occupy significant part of people s lives Often determine where, how well we live Provide
More informationIs It the Way She Moves? New Evidence on the Gender Wage Growth Gap in the Early Careers of Men and Women in Italy
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 2523 Is It the Way She Moves? New Evidence on the Gender Wage Growth Gap in the Early Careers of Men and Women in Italy Emilia Del Bono Daniela Vuri December 2006 Forschungsinstitut
More informationWomen in the Egyptian Labor Market An Analysis of Developments from 1988 to 2006
Women in the Egyptian Labor Market An Analysis of Developments from 1988 to 2006 1 B Y R A G U I A S S A A D P O P U L A T I O N C O U N C I L A N D F A T M A E L - H A M I D I U N I V E R S I T Y O F
More informationEquality between women and men in the European Union. Fátima Ribeiro Gender Equality Unit, DG Justice and Consumers
Equality between women and men in the European Union Fátima Ribeiro Gender Equality Unit, DG Justice and Consumers EU Commitments on Gender Equality EU Treaty EU legislation Commission's Strategy for equality
More informationOverview of International Employment Law Issues (Shading highlights something significantly different from the UK position)
Documentation / Formalities Government registration / civil processing of employment documentation? Probationary periods allowed? Yes (up to six months). Do non-nationals require work / resident permit?
More informationDoes it Pay to be a Woman?
Does it Pay to be a Woman? An Estimation of the Labour Market Effects of Maternity Leave Legislation Beatrice Scheubel This version: August 2008 Preliminary and Incomplete Abstract It is often considered
More informationJobs come and go, but the Family will always be there
Jobs come and go, but the Family will always be there Sarah Bridges, Alessio Gaggero and Trudy Owens Department of Economics, The University of Nottingham 23rd August 2013 Abstract The aim of this paper
More informationCan the state set decent standards for gender equality?
Can the state set decent standards for gender equality? Jill Rubery European Work and Employment Research Centre Manchester Business School University of Manchester The importance of the public sector
More informationThe family gap in career progression
INSTITUTT FOR SAMFUNNSØKONOMI DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS SAM 29 2014 ISSN: 0804-6824 August 2014 Discussion paper The family gap in career progression BY Astrid Kunze This series consists of papers with limited
More informationSELECT FOREIGN LAWS PROVIDING TIME OFF FOR MATERNITY PURPOSES *
SELECT FOREIGN LAWS PROVIDING TIME OFF FOR MATERNITY PURPOSES * COUNTRY TERMS OF BENEFIT ELIGIBILITY FUNDING SOURCE/WHO PAYS? AUSTRALIA BELGIUM CANADA No general statutory entitlement to time off for maternity
More informationEmployment and Earnings Trajectories among Maryland Welfare Leavers
Employment and Earnings Trajectories among Maryland Welfare Leavers Lisa Thiebaud Nicoli August 25, 2015 Presented at the 2015 National Association for Welfare Research and Statistics Workshop This project
More informationHallow on Significance of Maternity Insurance Actuarial and Characteristics of the System in our Country
International Business and Management Vol. 11, No. 1, 2015, pp. 41-45 DOI:10.3968/7351 ISSN 1923-841X [Print] ISSN 1923-8428 [Online] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org Hallow on Significance of Maternity
More informationThis document has been developed for loan agents whose female business clients are considering having children and have questions regarding their
This document has been developed for loan agents whose female business clients are considering having children and have questions regarding their options as entrepreneurs. Not all women entrepreneurs who
More informationReturns to education in West Germany: an empirical assessment
econstor www.econstor.eu Der Open-Access-Publikationsserver der ZBW Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft The Open Access Publication Server of the ZBW Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Lauer,
More informationThe Effects of Reducing the Entitlement Period to Unemployment Insurance
The Effects of Reducing the Entitlement Period to Unemployment Insurance Benefits Nynke de Groot Bas van der Klaauw July 14, 2014 Abstract This paper exploits a substantial reform of the Dutch UI law to
More informationChapter 02. Labor Supply. Multiple Choice Questions. 1. Who is not counted in the U.S. labor force?
Chapter 02 Labor Supply Multiple Choice Questions 1. Who is not counted in the U.S. labor force? A. A person working 15 hours a week or more not for pay. B. A fulltime college student. C. A person working
More information1. Key provisions of the Law on social integration of the disabled
Social integration of the disabled in Lithuania Teodoras Medaiskis Vilnius University Eglė Čaplikienė Ministry of Social Security and Labour I. Key information 1. Key provisions of the Law on social integration
More information10. Position of Japan in the world (population)
10. Position of in the world (population) The share of in the world population has been on a downward trend. After a 0.7 percentage point decline during the past 30 years, another one percentage point
More informationSelect foreign EXTO Laws: By Country
Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 2006 Select foreign EXTO Laws: By Country Workplace Flexibility 2010, Georgetown University Law Center This paper can be downloaded free of
More informationCLINICAL FELLOW Application Form
With prior consent of the respective Med Uni Vienna unit and depending on country of origin along with associated legal requirements, the approval process of your Fellowship might take up to 9 months.
More information10,000 LEAVES OF ABSENCE
CCH CAADIA LIMITED T PAGER Username: zulika Date: 29-MAR-06 Time: 8:47 Seq: 1 Free lead: 185D ext lead: 0D Comment: Chapter 10 10,000 LEAVES OF ABSECE Paragraph Paragraph Introduction... 10,005 Federal...
More informationGender Pay Gap and Quantile Regression in European Families
Gender Pay Gap and Quantile Regression in European Families Catia Nicodemo Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona 13th of December EUROPEAN MARRIED WOMEN: WHY DO(N T) THEY WORK? "To the woman he said, Great
More informationRETURNS TO ECUCATION AND EXPERIENCE IN SELF- EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM GERMANY. Donald R. Williams Kent State University Kent OH USA.
RETURNS TO ECUCATION AND EXPERIENCE IN SELF- EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM GERMANY Donald R. Williams Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA June, 2002 Preliminary Results: please do not quote without author
More informationThe impact of increased conditionality for out-of-work lone parents Evidence from the UK Labour Force Survey
The impact of increased conditionality for out-of-work lone parents Evidence from the UK Labour Force Survey 1/5/2014 UNCLASSIFIED Outline of presentation Quick background to the changes to Income Support
More informationTopic 2.3b - Life-Cycle Labour Supply. Professor H.J. Schuetze Economics 371
Topic 2.3b - Life-Cycle Labour Supply Professor H.J. Schuetze Economics 371 Life-cycle Labour Supply The simple static labour supply model discussed so far has a number of short-comings For example, The
More informationEmployment Update. June Employment Law Reform.
Employment Update June 2011 Welcome to the latest edition of Parker & Co s Employment Update. We focus on the most recent proposed changes to employment law, an EAT decision on redundancy selection criteria
More informationThe Intersection of Care and Employment
The Intersection of Care and Employment Janet Fast 1, Donna Dosman 2, Donna Lero 3 Research on Aging, Policies, & Practice (RAPP) Dept. of Human Ecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB Canada T6G 2N1
More informationI get compensatory holiday when I have to work on a public holiday or weekly rest day
USA DECENTWORKCHECK.ORG Check DecentWorkCheck USA is a product of WageIndicator.org and www.paywizard.org/main National Regulation exists National Regulation does not exist 01/13 Work & Wages NR Yes No
More informationCountry Fact Sheet. Russian Federation
Country Fact Sheet Russian Federation 2017 Credit: Christope Calais 2004 Disclaimer IOM has carried out the gathering of information with great care. IOM provides information at its best knowledge and
More informationBenefit-Entitlement Effects and the Duration of Unemployment: An Ex-Ante Evaluation of Recent Labour Market Reforms in Germany
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 2681 Benefit-Entitlement Effects and the Duration of Unemployment: An Ex-Ante Evaluation of Recent Labour Market Reforms in Germany Hendrik Schmitz Viktor Steiner March
More informationGender Differences in the Labor Market Effects of the Dollar
Gender Differences in the Labor Market Effects of the Dollar Linda Goldberg and Joseph Tracy Federal Reserve Bank of New York and NBER April 2001 Abstract Although the dollar has been shown to influence
More informationBalancing Childbearing and Work under Different Labor Market Arrangements: An Analysis of European Union Countries
Balancing Childbearing and Work under Different Labor Market Arrangements: An Analysis of European Union Countries Alicia Adsera Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago Population Research
More informationWhat does the stork bring to women s working career?
What does the stork bring to women s working career? Lia Pacelli Department of Economics University of Turin, Italy and LABORatorio R. Revelli, Italy email: lia.pacelli@unito.it Silvia Pasqua Department
More informationToward Active Participation of Women as the Core of Growth Strategies. From the White Paper on Gender Equality Summary
Toward Active Participation of Women as the Core of Growth Strategies From the White Paper on Gender Equality 2013 Summary Cabinet Office, Government of Japan June 2013 The Cabinet annually submits to
More informationThe Data was organised in sections under the headings of the 5 Scottish Government inclusive growth themes of:
Inclusive Growth for Clackmannanshire List of Data The list of data was assembled using: 1. The Economic Case, 2. A suggested list of data provided by colleagues in Scottish Government (which was updated),
More informationFixed-Term Employment and Fertility: Evidence from German Micro Data
Ifo Institute Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Fixed-Term Employment and Fertility: Evidence from German Micro Data Wolfgang Auer Natalia Danzer Ifo Working Paper No.
More informationUnemployment, Intervention and Capabilities
Unemployment, Intervention and Capabilities The Cases of Germany and Spain Outline of Comparative Work (QUIT) Martí López Andreu Joan Miquel Verd WP3: Palma, Spain, 30th Sep. 2010 (SOFI) Peter Bartelheimer
More informationWORKING PAPER 6: HOW TO PROVIDE LEAVE BENEFITS *
WORKING PAPER 6: HOW TO PROVIDE LEAVE BENEFITS * 1. Key challenge & overview People in precarious employment are less likely to have access to benefits, including leave benefits. Leave benefits are the
More information