Women in the Egyptian Labor Market An Analysis of Developments from 1988 to 2006
|
|
- Abraham Burns
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Women in the Egyptian Labor Market An Analysis of Developments from 1988 to B Y R A G U I A S S A A D P O P U L A T I O N C O U N C I L A N D F A T M A E L - H A M I D I U N I V E R S I T Y O F P I T T S B U R G H
2 Introduction Despite significant closing of the gender gap in education and health, Egypt ranks very poorly in international comparison of gender equality 120 of 128 countries in most recent WEF report 2 Worst ranking is in the women s economic opportunity component of the gender equality index (120) Better ranking in educational attainment (101) and in health and survival (81) How much progress have Egyptian women made in the labor market in recent decades? Focus will be on women in wage and salary employment, especially outside the now contracting government sector
3 Outline I. Trends in labor force participation and unemployment by gender II. The evolution of the structure of overall employment by gender III. Women s Wage and Salary Employment I. By Education II. Over the Life Cycle IV. Conclusions 3
4 4 I. TRENDS IN LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT BY GENDER
5 The Measurement of female labor force participation is subject to error. Available evidence suggests that it has declined slightly since Trends in Market Labor Force Participation Rates (%), by Gender and Year, Ages Rural Urban Total adj 2006 Males Females
6 Unemployment Rate by Gender and Urban/Rural Location, Ages Standard Unemployment Definition and Market Labor Force Definition. Female unemployment rates are 4 times as high as male rates, but declined at the same rate. Male 6.8 urban rural Total Female 22.8 urban 20.0 rural Total Total urban rural Years Total Percent
7 7 II. THE EVOLUTION OF THE STRUCTURE OF OVERALL EMPLOYMENT BY GENDER
8 Female Employment is dominated by government employment and non-wage work (mostly self-employment and unpaid family work in home-based enterprises). Together they make up 81% of female employment. The structure has not changed much since Structure of Employment By Gender % 33% 26% 45% 45% 4% 14% 9% 8% 5% 15% 4% 4% 2% 19% 9% 9% 8% 4% 6% 3% 2% 11% 7% 6% 52% 27% 36% 36% 22% adj 2006 Non-Wage Work Irregular Wage Informal Regular Wage Formal Public Enterprises Government Male Female
9 Urban female employment is dominated by government work, but has a growing share of private sector wage work (both formal and informal). Rural female employment is dominated by non-wage work % 17% 9% 7% 61% 12% 55% 68% 68% 22% 21% 9 Structure of Female Employment by Urban/Rural Location 44% 45% 6% 9% 4% 6% 4 36% 1998 Adj Adj Adj 2006 Non-Wage Work Irregular Wage Informal Regular Wage Formal Public Enterprises Government Urban Rural All
10 Total employment grew at about the same rate for men and women, but female employment is growing faster than male employment in private wage and salary work Average Annual Growth Rate of Employment (%) by Sector and Sex, males females
11 The overall female share of employment has remained constant at 23 percent, but governmental and non-governmental wage & salary employment has feminized 35% 3 25% 2 15% 5% 33% 31% 31% 29% 23% 23% 12% 12% 13% 11% 11% 12% 11% 6% 7% 11 Female Share of Employment by Sector, 1998,
12 12 III.1 WOMEN S WAGE AND SALARY EMPLOYMENT BY EDUCATION
13 Women s participation in Wage & Salary Work is strongly determined by educational attainment, but participation has declined correcting for education, essentially due to declines in public sector participation All Wage and Salary Work Public Sector Education Education
14 formal wage and salary work is also strongly associated with education, but informal wage and salary work is more weakly associated and peaks for technical secondary graduates. Informal employment rates are rising for educated women 14 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% Formal Wage & Salary Work 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% Informal Wage Work Education Education Note Change of scale
15 15 III.2 WOMEN S WAGE & SALARY EMPLOYMENT OVER THE LIFE CYCLE
16 As public sector hiring slows, there is a marked aging of the public sector labor force. Notice the shift of the age distribution to the right. Only young women (mostly unmarried) seem to work in the private sector, with little shift over time 6 Employment-to-Population Ratios for Public Sector Employment Urban Females 16 6 Employment-to-Population Ratios for Wage and Salary Employment Urban Females Age Poly. (1988) Poly. (1998) Poly. (2006) Age Poly. (1988) Poly. (1998) Poly. (2006)
17 Marital status is a strong determinant of the form of wage & salary work women engage in. The majority of working ever married women are public sector workers. Nearly half of never married working women in 2006 were informal private sector workers Distribution of Female Wage and Salary Workers by Marital Status and Year Ever Married Never Married Ever Married Never Married Informal Formal Public Sector
18 Never married women save a significant proportion of their income, but their ability to save is declining over time. Ever married women save little Proportion of Income Saved by Marital Status for Female Wage and Salary Workers All More than half Between quarter and half Less than quarter None Never Married Ever Married
19 The proportion of never married W&S workers desiring to work after marriage is lower in the private sector, but is rising over time. Same is true for confidence in being able to do so Proportion of Never Married Female W&S Workers Desiring to Work After Marriage by Sector, 1998, Proportion of Never-Married Female W& S Workers Confident in their Ability to Work After Marriage Among Those Desiring to Work by Sector, 1998, Public Sector Formal Informal 0 Public Sector Formal Informa;
20 Proportion of never married female W&S workers believing that work prior to marriage increases marriage prospects has risen significantly over time. But the proportion of married female W&S workers whose husband accepts their work is not changing much Proportion of Never Married Female W&S Workers Believing that Work Increases Marriage Propsects by Sector, 1998, 2006 Public Sector Formal Informal Proportion of Married Female W&S Workers whose Husbands' Firmly Accept or Accept their Work by Sector, 1998, 2006 Public Sector Formal Informal
21 Fewer married female W&S workers are able to get pregnant on the job in private sector, but proportion is increasing. Paid maternity leaves are getting shorter and are non-existent in informal employment Proportion of Married Female W&S Workers who Were Working During Last Pregnancy by Sector, 1998, 2006 Public Sector Formal Informal Proportion of Married Female W&S Workers Who Were Pregnant on the Job Who Recieved a Paid Maternity Leave Public Sector Formal Informal more than 12 weeks 6-12 weeks 4-6 weeks 2-4 weeks no maternity leave
22 LE/month formal sector workers are most reliant on paid child care and pay the most for it when they get it Proportion of Married Female W&S Workers with children Under Six by Type of Child Care Paid Unpaid Other Unpaid Family 22 Average Amount Paid in 2006 for those who Paid for Child Care Public Sector Formal Informal Public Sector Formal Informal
23 Conclusions 23 Although female labor force participation rates are stable or slightly declining, they should have in fact increased due to rising educational attainment levels Correcting for education, participation rates are dropping, primarily due to fewer opportunities in the government Unemployment rates are also dropping due to the rising futility of waiting for government employment Non-governmental wage employment is growing and the female share in it is rising slightly
24 Conclusions Marital status has a strong impact on the kind of W&S work women are able to perform. Married women are almost exclusively in the public sector 24 The majority of unmarried women who work to do in order to save (probably for marriage) but their ability to save has declined with time Desire and confidence in ability to work after marriage depends on the sector of work, but is rising for private sector workers
25 Conclusions 25 A rising proportion of never married women think work increases their marriage prospects, but the proportion of married women whose husband s accepts their work is stagnant Public sector is clearly more accommodating of women s reproductive roles, but the length of paid maternity leaves in that sector is falling Formal private sector workers with children under six are most likely to use paid child care and they pay the most for it Informal private sector work makes no concessions to women s reproductive roles
Women in the Labor Force: A Databook
Cornell University ILR School DigitalCommons@ILR Federal Publications Key Workplace Documents 2-2013 Women in the Labor Force: A Databook Bureau of Labor Statistics Follow this and additional works at:
More informationWomen in the Labor Force: A Databook
Cornell University ILR School DigitalCommons@ILR Federal Publications Key Workplace Documents 9-2007 Women in the Labor Force: A Databook Bureau of Labor Statistics Follow this and additional works at:
More informationWomen in the Labor Force: A Databook
Cornell University ILR School DigitalCommons@ILR Federal Publications Key Workplace Documents 12-2011 Women in the Labor Force: A Databook Bureau of Labor Statistics Follow this and additional works at:
More informationWomen in the Labor Force: A Databook
Cornell University ILR School DigitalCommons@ILR Federal Publications Key Workplace Documents 12-2010 Women in the Labor Force: A Databook Bureau of Labor Statistics Follow this and additional works at:
More informationReasons for China's Changing Female Labor Force Participation Rate Xingxuan Xi
7th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Mechanical Engineering (EMIM 2017) Reasons for China's Changing Female Labor Force Participation Rate Xingxuan Xi School of North
More informationChanging Population Age Structures and Sustainable Development
Changing Population Age Structures and Sustainable Development Report of the Secretary-General to the 50 th session of the Commission on Population and Development (E/CN.9/2017/2) Population Division,
More informationAlice Nabalamba, Ph.D. Statistics Department African Development Bank Group
Alice Nabalamba, Ph.D. Statistics Department African Development Bank Group Why study Gender Inequality in Africa? 1. The role women play in development Achieving gender equality is central to attaining
More informationDeterminants of Female Labour Force Participation Dynamics: Evidence From 2000 & 2007 Indonesia Family Life Survey
Determinants of Female Labour Force Participation Dynamics: Evidence From 2000 & 2007 Indonesia Family Life Survey Diahhadi Setyonaluri PhD Student Australian Demographic and Social Research Institute
More informationZAMBIA. SWTS country brief January Main findings of the ILO SWTS
ZAMBIA SWTS country brief January 2017 The ILO Work4Youth project worked with IPSOS Zambia to implement two rounds of the School-to-work transition survey (SWTS) in late 2012 and 2014. The results of the
More informationSocial Security: Is a Key Foundation of Economic Security Working for Women?
Committee on Finance United States Senate Hearing on Social Security: Is a Key Foundation of Economic Security Working for Women? Statement of Janet Barr, MAAA, ASA, EA on behalf of the American Academy
More information2017 Gender Pay. 4 April 2018
2017 Gender Pay 4 April 2018 2017 Gender pay gap: Summary The statutory Gender Pay Gap Reporting analysis, which is provided in accordance with statutory reporting requirements, illustrates the gap between
More informationLabour force, Employment and Unemployment Year 2017
Labour force, Employment and Unemployment Year 2017 Introduction 1. This ninth issue of the Economic and Social Indicators presents a set of estimates of labour force, employment and unemployment for the
More informationMALAWI. SWTS country brief October Main findings of the ILO SWTS
MALAWI SWTS country brief October 2015 The ILO Work4Youth project worked with the National Statistical Office of Malawi to implement two rounds of the School-to-work transition survey (SWTS) in 2012 (August
More information2000 HOUSING AND POPULATION CENSUS
Ministry of Finance and Economic Development CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE 2000 HOUSING AND POPULATION CENSUS REPUBLIC OF MAURITIUS ANALYSIS REPORT VOLUME VIII - ECONOMIC ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS June 2005
More informationSERBIA. SWTS country brief. December Main findings of the ILO SWTS
SERBIA SWTS country brief December 2016 The ILO Work4Youth project worked with the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia to implement the School-towork transition survey (SWTS) in 2015 (March April).The
More informationLabor Participation and Gender Inequality in Indonesia. Preliminary Draft DO NOT QUOTE
Labor Participation and Gender Inequality in Indonesia Preliminary Draft DO NOT QUOTE I. Introduction Income disparities between males and females have been identified as one major issue in the process
More informationDemographic Changes and PNG s Labour Market Developments: Challenges and Prospects
Demographic Changes and PNG s Labour Market Developments: Challenges and Prospects Manoj K. Pandey ANU Crawford School Development Policy Centre & UPNG SBPP Division of Economics 1 Introduction Demographic
More informationthe working day: Understanding Work Across the Life Course introduction issue brief 21 may 2009 issue brief 21 may 2009
issue brief 2 issue brief 2 the working day: Understanding Work Across the Life Course John Havens introduction For the past decade, significant attention has been paid to the aging of the U.S. population.
More informationMONTENEGRO. SWTS country brief. December Main findings of the ILO SWTS
MONTENEGRO SWTS country brief December 2016 The ILO Work4Youth project worked with the Statistical Office of Montenegro to implement the School-to-work transition survey (SWTS) in 2015 (September October).
More informationFEMALE LABOUR SUPPLY IN BANGLADESH: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE
FEMALE LABOUR SUPPLY IN BANGLADESH: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE by Dr. Simeen Mahmud, BRAC Institute of Governance and Development Dr. Sayema Haque Bidisha, Dhaka University Presented at PES Conference, Delhi
More informationToward Active Participation of Women as the Core of Growth Strategies. From the White Paper on Gender Equality Summary
Toward Active Participation of Women as the Core of Growth Strategies From the White Paper on Gender Equality 2013 Summary Cabinet Office, Government of Japan June 2013 The Cabinet annually submits to
More informationChapter 2: Twenty years of economy and society: Italy between the 1992 crisis and the current difficult economic situation
Chapter 2: Twenty years of economy and society: Italy between the 1992 crisis and the current difficult economic situation Demography, family, lifestyle and human capital 1. Italy s resident population
More informationLecture 19: Trends in Death and Birth Rates Slide 1 Rise and fall in the growth rate of India is the result of systematic changes in death and birth
Lecture 19: Trends in Death and Birth Rates Slide 1 Rise and fall in the growth rate of India is the result of systematic changes in death and birth rates from high levels to moderate levels. In the beginning
More information1. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
1. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY This section presents the data characterizing the economic activity of 15-75 years old population during the observation period. 1.1. BASIC CONCEPTS (DEFINITIONS) Economically active
More informationA STATISTICAL PROFILE OF WOMEN IN THE SASKATCHEWAN LABOUR MARKET
A STATISTICAL PROFILE OF WOMEN IN THE SASKATCHEWAN LABOUR MARKET A report prepared for: Status of Women Office Saskatchewan Ministry of Social Services by Sask Trends Monitor April 2017 Table of Contents
More informationExiting Poverty: Does Sex Matter?
Exiting Poverty: Does Sex Matter? LORI CURTIS AND KATE RYBCZYNSKI DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO CRDCN WEBINAR MARCH 8, 2016 Motivation Women face higher risk of long term poverty.(finnie
More informationSHARE OF WORKERS IN NONSTANDARD JOBS DECLINES Latest survey shows a narrowing yet still wide gap in pay and benefits.
Economic Policy Institute Brief ing Paper 1660 L Street, NW Suite 1200 Washington, D.C. 20036 202/775-8810 http://epinet.org SHARE OF WORKERS IN NONSTANDARD JOBS DECLINES Latest survey shows a narrowing
More informationGAO GENDER PAY DIFFERENCES. Progress Made, but Women Remain Overrepresented among Low-Wage Workers. Report to Congressional Requesters
GAO United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Requesters October 2011 GENDER PAY DIFFERENCES Progress Made, but Women Remain Overrepresented among Low-Wage Workers GAO-12-10
More informationREPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA. SWTS country brief. December Main findings of the ILO SWTS
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA SWTS country brief December 2016 The ILO Work4Youth project worked with the National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova to implement two rounds of the School-to-work transition survey
More informationnewstats 2016 NWT Annual Labour Force Activity NWT Bureau of Statistics Overview
newstats NWT Bureau of Statistics Released: March 27, 2017 2016 NWT Annual Labour Force Activity Overview The Labour Force Survey is a source of monthly estimates of employment and unemployment. On a yearly
More informationTable of Contents. ABP Statistical Information on participants 2017
ABP Statistical Information on participants 2017 Table of Contents Percentage distribution by age of Dutch working population and ABP active participants 3 Number of participants 4 Index of number of participants
More informationMassachusetts Household Survey on Health Insurance Status, 2007
Massachusetts Household Survey on Health Insurance Status, 2007 Division of Health Care Finance and Policy Executive Office of Health and Human Services Massachusetts Household Survey Methodology Administered
More informationLEBANON. SWTS country brief. December Main findings of the ILO SWTS
LEBANON SWTS country brief December 2016 The ILO Work4Youth project worked with the Consultation and Research Institute of Lebanon to implement the School-to-work transition survey (SWTS) from November
More informationGender Pay Differences: Progress Made, but Women Remain Overrepresented Among Low- Wage Workers
Cornell University ILR School DigitalCommons@ILR Federal Publications Key Workplace Documents 10-2011 Gender Pay Differences: Progress Made, but Women Remain Overrepresented Among Low- Wage Workers Government
More informationReemployment after Job Loss
4 Reemployment after Job Loss One important observation in chapter 3 was the lower reemployment likelihood for high import-competing displaced workers relative to other displaced manufacturing workers.
More informationFull file at
TEST BANK Robert J. Lemke Lake Forest College Fall 2008 Labor Economics 5 th Edition George Borjas Chapter Two 1. Who is not counted in the U.S. labor force? A. Persons working 15 hours a week or more
More informationRESULTS OF THE KOSOVO 2015 LABOUR FORCE SURVEY JUNE Public Disclosure Authorized. Public Disclosure Authorized. Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized RESULTS OF THE KOSOVO 2015 LABOUR FORCE SURVEY JUNE 2016 Kosovo Agency of Statistics
More informationThe Health of Jefferson County: 2010 Demographic Update
The Health of : 2010 Demographic Update BACKGROUND How people live the sociodemographic context of their lives influences their health. People who have lower incomes may not have the resources to meet
More informationThe Status of Women in the Middle East and North Africa (SWMENA) Project
The Status of Women in the Middle East and North Africa (SWMENA) Project Focus on Yemen Paid Work and Control of Earnings & Assets Topic Brief A project by the International Foundation for Electoral Systems
More informationMarried Women s Labor Supply Decision and Husband s Work Status: The Experience of Taiwan
Married Women s Labor Supply Decision and Husband s Work Status: The Experience of Taiwan Hwei-Lin Chuang* Professor Department of Economics National Tsing Hua University Hsin Chu, Taiwan 300 Tel: 886-3-5742892
More informationPost-Secondary Education, Training and Labour Prepared November New Brunswick Minimum Wage Report
Post-Secondary Education, Training and Labour Prepared November 2018 2018 New Brunswick Minimum Wage Report Contents Section 1 Minimum Wage Rates in New Brunswick... 2 1.1 Recent History of Minimum Wage
More informationTables and Charts. Numbers Title of Tables Page Number
Tables and Charts Numbers Title of Tables Page Number 3.1 Human Development Index of Meghalaya and other North Eastern States on the basis of All-India Ranking, 2005 90 3.2 Human Development Indices and
More informationEqual pay for breadwinners
istockphoto/sjlocke Equal pay for breadwinners More men are jobless while women earn less for equal work Heather Boushey January 2009 www.americanprogress.org Equal pay for breadwinners More men are jobless
More informationCRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web
Order Code RL33387 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Topics in Aging: Income of Americans Age 65 and Older, 1969 to 2004 April 21, 2006 Patrick Purcell Specialist in Social Legislation
More informationChapter 02. Labor Supply. Multiple Choice Questions. 1. Who is not counted in the U.S. labor force?
Chapter 02 Labor Supply Multiple Choice Questions 1. Who is not counted in the U.S. labor force? A. A person working 15 hours a week or more not for pay. B. A fulltime college student. C. A person working
More informationDemographic Situation: Jamaica
Policy Brief: Examining the Lifecycle Deficit in Jamaica and Argentina Maurice Harris, Planning Institute of Jamaica Pablo Comelatto, CENEP-Centro de Estudios de Población, Buenos Aires, Argentina Studying
More informationExiting poverty : Does gender matter?
CRDCN Webinar Series Exiting poverty : Does gender matter? with Lori J. Curtis and Kathleen Rybczynski March 8, 2016 1 The Canadian Research Data Centre Network 1) Improve access to Statistics Canada detailed
More informationSurvey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC)
An Phríomh-Oifig Staidrimh Central Statistics Office 15 August 2013 Poverty and deprivation rates of the elderly in Ireland, SILC 2004, 2009, 2010 revised and 2011 At risk of poverty rate Deprivation rate
More informationThe Province of Prince Edward Island Employment Trends and Data Poverty Reduction Action Plan Backgrounder
The Province of Prince Edward Island Employment Trends and Data Poverty Reduction Action Plan Backgrounder 5/17/2018 www.princeedwardisland.ca/poverty-reduction $000's Poverty Reduction Action Plan Backgrounder:
More informationCONVERGENCES IN MEN S AND WOMEN S LIFE PATTERNS: LIFETIME WORK, LIFETIME EARNINGS, AND HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT $
CONVERGENCES IN MEN S AND WOMEN S LIFE PATTERNS: LIFETIME WORK, LIFETIME EARNINGS, AND HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT $ Joyce Jacobsen a, Melanie Khamis b and Mutlu Yuksel c a Wesleyan University b Wesleyan
More informationFig. 1 Forms of employment desired by casual employees
(Male) Under 20 years 20-24 years 25-29 years 30-34 years (Female) Under 20 years 20-24 years 25-29 years 30-34 years 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 (%) Regular employees Part-time employees, casual
More informationWorking Women in the MENA
Working Women in the MENA December 2017 Objectives The Bayt.com Working Women in the Middle East Survey explores the status of working women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Among other key insights,
More information2016 Census of Canada
216 Census of Canada Incomes Results from the latest Census release show that Alberta had the highest median income among the provinces. Alberta s strong economic expansion in recent years, particularly
More informationEgyptian Married Women Don t desire to Work or Simply Can t? A Duration Analysis. Rana Hendy. March 15th, 2010
Egyptian Married Women Don t desire to Work or Simply Can t? A Duration Analysis Rana Hendy Population Council March 15th, 2010 Introduction (1) Domestic Production: identified as the unpaid work done
More informationTABLES Table 1. GDSW Budget - Staff by Years (as of June) Staff Number
ANNEXES TABLES Table 1. GDSW Budget - Staff by Years 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 (as of June) Staff Number 53 53 64 61 98 98 Budget 2.119.900$ 2.350.000$ 2.876.000$ 11.022.500$ 86.953.050$ 66.575.750$
More informationAIST. 22 October Sex Discrimination Commissioner Australian Human Rights Commission Level 3, 175 Pitt St SYDNEY NSW 200. Dear Ms Broderick,
22 October 2012 Sex Discrimination Commissioner Australian Human Rights Commission Level 3, 175 Pitt St SYDNEY NSW 200 Dear Ms Broderick, Application by Rice Warner Thank you for the opportunity to comment
More informationWOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SELF HELP GROUPS : A STUDY IN COIMBATORE DISTRICT
Available online at : http://euroasiapub.org/current.php?title=ijrfm, pp. 36~43 Thomson Reuters Researcher ID: L-5236-2015 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SELF HELP GROUPS : A STUDY IN COIMBATORE DISTRICT Dr.
More informationCorrelation of Personal Factors on Unemployment, Severity of Poverty and Migration in the Northeastern Region of Thailand
Correlation of Personal Factors on Unemployment, Severity of Poverty and Migration in the Northeastern Region of Thailand Thitiwan Sricharoen Abstract This study examines characteristics of unemployment
More informationBROAD DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN LDCs
BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN LDCs DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES are CHALLENGES and OPPORTUNITIES for DEVELOPMENT. DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES are DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES. This year, world population will reach 7 BILLION,
More informationWage Progression in the UK
Wage Progression in the UK Monica Costa Dias Robert Joyce DWP meeting, January 2017 Outline Brief overview of recent and planned research relating to earnings progression Women: wages over the lifecycle,
More informationRetirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income, Among Individuals Aged 50 and Over: 2006
Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income, Among Individuals d 50 and Over: 2006 by Ken McDonnell, EBRI Introduction This article looks at one slice of the income pie of the older population:
More informationWOMEN PARTICIPATION IN LABOR FORCE: AN ATTEMPT OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION
WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN LABOR FORCE: AN ATTEMPT OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION ABSTRACT Background: Indonesia is one of the countries that signed up for 2030 agenda of Sustainable Development Goals of which one
More informationGENDER INEQUALITY IN THE INDONESIAN LABOUR MARKET
GENDER INEQUALITY IN THE INDONESIAN LABOUR MARKET Lisa Cameron, University of Melbourne. 24 July 2018 OVERVIEW 1. Female labour market participation; 2. Gender wage gap; 3. Women s Labour Market Transitions.
More informationMAIN LABOUR FORCE SURVEY RESULTS FOR THE THIRD QUARTER OF 2018
MAIN LABOUR FORCE SURVEY RESULTS FOR THE THIRD QUARTER OF 2018 Main labour market indicators for the third quarter of 2018 The activity rate for population aged 15-64 was 72.5%, by 0.3 percentage points
More informationLABOUR FORCE SURVEY 2017 MAIN RESULTS
LABOUR FORCE SURVEY 2017 MAIN RESULTS In 2017 the number of economically active population aged 15-64 was 3 277.5 thousand and represented 71.3% of population in the same age group. The activity rate (15-64
More informationSubmission to House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance Pre-Budget Consultation Giving Priority to Low-Income, Unattached, Women Seniors
383 Parkdale Avenue Suite 402 Ottawa ( Ontario) K1Y 4R4 Tel. : (613) 729-6668 Fax. : (613) 729-9608 E-mail : casw@casw-acts.ca Submission to House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance Pre-Budget Consultation
More informationThe Local Government Pension Scheme (England and Wales) Trivial Commutation. Lump sums paid on or after 1 April 2008
The Local Government Pension Scheme (England and Wales) Trivial Commutation Lump sums paid on or after 1 April 2008 Date: 21 February 2008 Author: Ian Boonin Table of Contents 1 Introduction and Legislative
More informationThe Relationship Between Income and Health Insurance, p. 2 Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based Pension Income, p. 7
E B R I Notes E M P L O Y E E B E N E F I T R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E February 2005, Vol. 26, No. 2 The Relationship Between Income and Health Insurance, p. 2 Retirement Annuity and Employment-Based
More informationPension forecast application form
Please do not tack the documents together Pension forecast application form Pension forecast application I would like to receive a forecast for an old-age pension an invalidity pension a survivors pension
More informationJORDAN. SWTS country brief. December Main findings of the ILO SWTS
JORDAN SWTS country brief December 2016 The ILO Work4Youth project worked with the Department of Statistics of Jordan to implement two rounds of the School-to-work transition survey (SWTS) in 2012 13 (December
More informationChapter 4 Sex Composition, Age Distribution and Marital Status
Chapter 4 Sex Composition, Age Distribution and Marital Status 4.1 Sex Composition The sex ratio of the disabled population at the national level is 129.0 as against 94.7 among the general population indicating
More informationCHAPTER.5 PENSION, SOCIAL SECURITY SCHEMES AND THE ELDERLY
174 CHAPTER.5 PENSION, SOCIAL SECURITY SCHEMES AND THE ELDERLY 5.1. Introduction In the previous chapter we discussed the living arrangements of the elderly and analysed the support received by the elderly
More informationTestimony before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Heather Boushey, Senior Economist, Center for American Progress Action Fund
Testimony before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Heather Boushey, Senior Economist, Center for American Progress Action Fund April 22, 2009 Thank you Acting Chairman Ishimaru for inviting me
More informationCouncil for Gender Equality A Japanese government consultative body to address important national issues
The 1st Meeting of the ASEAN +3 Committee on Women Bandar Sri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam Reducing the Feminization of Poverty with the Rights Based Approach Keiko TAKEGAWA Deputy Director-General Gender
More information3. Work. Number of Employees by Industry and Sex
3. Work Number of Employees by Industry and Sex Labour Force Survey, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Note: Attention should be paid to the time-line of the data, as, with revision of
More informationHeather Boushey, Senior Economist, Center for American Progress Action Fund. March 3, 2009
Testimony before the House Committee on Education and Labor, Subcommittee on Workforce Protections Hearing entitled Encouraging Family-Friendly Workplace Policies Heather Boushey, Senior Economist, Center
More informationDemographic and Economic Characteristics of Children in Families Receiving Social Security
Each month, over 3 million children receive benefits from Social Security, accounting for one of every seven Social Security beneficiaries. This article examines the demographic characteristics and economic
More informationMAIN LABOUR FORCE SURVEY RESULTS FOR THE FOURTH QUARTER OF 2013
MAIN LABOUR FORCE SURVEY RESULTS FOR THE FOURTH QUARTER OF Main labour market data for the fourth of The activity rate of population aged 15-64 was 68.6%, by 0.7 percentage point higher in comparison with
More informationIntermediate Macroeconomic Theory. Costas Azariadis. Costas Azariadis. Lecture 3: Productivity and Labor
Lecture 3: Productivity and Labor 1. THE ISSUES a)productivity most important determinant of living standards in the long run 2008 U.S. GDP per worker employed (current $) $100,000 per worker per year
More informationPROJECTING POVERTY RATES IN 2020 FOR THE 62 AND OLDER POPULATION: WHAT CHANGES CAN WE EXPECT AND WHY?
PROJECTING POVERTY RATES IN 2020 FOR THE 62 AND OLDER POPULATION: WHAT CHANGES CAN WE EXPECT AND WHY? Barbara A. Butrica, The Urban Institute Karen Smith, The Urban Institute Eric Toder, Internal Revenue
More informationPAID LEAVE. Communications Kit
PAID LEAVE Communications Kit We will have arrived when every woman can decide for herself how to best find and use her God-given gifts. A woman may choose to have five children and home-school them. She
More informationPART-TIME PURGATORY YOUNG AND UNDEREMPLOYED IN AUSTRALIA
PART-TIME PURGATORY YOUNG AND UNDEREMPLOYED IN AUSTRALIA DECEMBER 2018 Being young, even in one of the most prosperous nations in the world, isn t what it used to be. Negotiating adulthood in the 21st
More informationFocusing a Gender Lens on New Jersey Employment in Challenging Economic Times
Focusing a Gender Lens on New Jersey Employment in Challenging Economic Times Linda Houser Center for Women and Work, Rutgers University New Jersey State Employment and Training Commission Council on Gender
More informationConstrained Geographical Mobility and Gendered Labor Market Outcomes Under Structural Adjustment: Evidence from Egypt
Constrained Geographical Mobility and Gendered Labor Market Outcomes Under Structural Adjustment: Evidence from Egypt by Ragui Assaad * University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA and Melanie
More informationGender Inequality in US and Japanese Businesses. Akin Can Akdogan Liliya Temes Jieun Yang
Gender Inequality in US and Japanese Businesses Akin Can Akdogan Liliya Temes Jieun Yang The Gray Rhino Highly probable, high-impact yet neglected threat The obvious danger that we often ignore By Michele
More informationIJSE 41,5. Abstract. The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0306-8293.htm IJSE 41,5 362 Received 17 January 2013 Revised 8 July 2013 Accepted 16 July 2013 Does minimum
More informationThe Local Government Pension Scheme. Liability for combined benefits - Regulations 29, 48 and 126
The Local Government Pension Scheme Liability for combined benefits - Regulations 29, 48 and 126 1. Regulation 29 of the Local Government Pension Scheme Regulations 1997 (the LGPS Regulations ) provides
More informationThe contribution and benefit preferences of active members of the Ontario Teachers Pension Plan
The contribution and benefit preferences of active members of the Ontario Teachers Pension Plan Prepared for: by: June 2007 IV. Level of awareness and understanding among plan members about the current
More informationOman. Country coverage and the methodology of the Statistical Annex of the 2015 HDR
Human Development Report 2015 Work for human development Briefing note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report Oman Introduction The 2015 Human Development Report (HDR) Work for Human Development
More informationCoping with Population Aging In China
Coping with Population Aging In China Copyright 2009, The Conference Board Judith Banister Director of Global Demographics The Conference Board Highlights Causes of Population Aging in China Key Demographic
More informationDaniel Fernández Kranz IE Business School Núria Rodríguez-Planas Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Daniel Fernández Kranz IE Business School Núria Rodríguez-Planas Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona In the light of the low fertility trends in many industrialized countries, and Given the increased relevance
More informationSocial pensions in the context of an integrated strategy to expand coverage: The ILO position
Social pensions in the context of an integrated strategy to expand coverage: The ILO position Krzysztof Hagemejer Social Security Department 1 The context: Social security is a human right Universal Declaration
More informationThe labour force participation of older men in Canada
The labour force participation of older men in Canada Kevin Milligan, University of British Columbia and NBER Tammy Schirle, Wilfrid Laurier University June 2016 Abstract We explore recent trends in the
More informationCORRELATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC- ECONOMIC EVOLUTIONS IN ROMANIA AFTER THE 2008 ECONOMIC CRISIS
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Vol. 6 (55) No. 2-2013 Series V: Economic Sciences CORRELATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC- ECONOMIC EVOLUTIONS IN ROMANIA AFTER THE 2008 ECONOMIC CRISIS Adriana Veronica
More informationEUROPEAN SOCIAL CHARTER. on the 11th national report on the implementation of the European Social Charter THE GOVERNMENT OF FINLAND
25/01/2016 EUROPEAN SOCIAL CHARTER Comments by the Confederation of Finnish Industries (EK), the central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK), the Finnish Confederation of Professionals (STTK), and
More informationBudget 2012 What Does it Mean for Women s Economic Equality?
Budget 2012 What Does it Mean for Women s Economic Equality? Budgets are about choices, prioritizing one spending item over another. Funding tax cuts rather than public services, or flashy F-35s rather
More informationMonitoring the Performance of the South African Labour Market
Monitoring the Performance of the South African Labour Market An overview of the South African labour market for the Year ending 2011 5 May 2012 Contents Recent labour market trends... 2 A labour market
More informationMontenegro. Country coverage and the methodology of the Statistical Annex of the 2015 HDR
Human Development Report 2015 Work for human development Briefing note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report Montenegro Introduction The 2015 Human Development Report (HDR) Work for Human
More informationMinistry of Health, Labour and Welfare Statistics and Information Department
Special Report on the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century and the Longitudinal Survey of Adults in the 21st Century: Ten-Year Follow-up, 2001 2011 Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
More informationFamily and Work. 1. Labor force participation of married women
Family and Work 1. Labor force participation of married women - why has it increased so much since WW II? - how is increased market work related to changes in the gender wage gap? 2. Is there a time crunch?
More information