MACROECONOMICS - CLUTCH CH GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) AND CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI)
|
|
- Jeffery Riley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 !!
2 CONCEPT: CALCULATING GDP Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value of the final goods and services produced by a country during a year GDP as a statistic is used to measure growth in an economy and the well-being of the citizenry > Economists tend to rationalize that higher output means happier citizens! GDP can be calculated by adding up all the expenditures during the year and has main components > Note that GDP can also be calculated by adding up all the income during the year (less common) Consumption spending by on goods and services > Excludes the household purchases of Investment spending on capital equipment, inventory, and structures > Think of this generally as businesses spending on their long-term growth > Includes the household purchases of Government Purchases spending on goods and services by local, state, and federal > Paying teacher salaries, building highways, buying military equipment > Does not include transfer payments, such as welfare (does not result in production) Net Exports = Exports imports > Exports goods produced but sold > Imports goods produced but sold GDP = C + I + G + NX Nominal GDP uses prices when calculating the value of goods Real GDP uses prices when calculating the value of goods A few extra technicalities worth mentioning regarding GDP: Final goods and services are purchased by the final user à included in GDP > Intermediate goods are purchased to be used in another product (i.e. paper to create a greeting card) Second-hand sales are not included in GDP > The purchase of a TV from Walmart is included in GDP, but when you sell it used on Craigslist it is not Financial transactions are not included in GDP (i.e. transfer payments and stock market transactions) Page 2
3 CONCEPT: DETAILED EXPLANATION OF GDP COMPONENTS Consumption spending by on goods and services Services An (intangible) act or use for which a consumer, firm, or government is willing to pay. > In the United States, consumer spending on services is greater than spending on goods Nondurable Goods products with less than years of expected life Durable Goods products with more than years of expected life Examples of Services: Examples of Nondurable Goods: Examples of Durable Goods: Investment spending on capital equipment, inventory, and structures Business Fixed Investment spending by firms on new factories, buildings, and equipment to produce goods Residential Investment spending by households and firms on homes (single family or multi-unit) > Note that the resale of previously constructed homes are NOT included in investment Changes in Inventories changes in the supply of goods produced but not yet sold > The change in inventory can be positive or negative January 1: Sony had $100M of unsold televisions December 31: Sony had $20M of unsold televisions January 1: Sony had $100M of unsold televisions December 31: Sony had $160M of unsold televisions The in inventory would investment The in inventory would investment Financial transactions (sale of stocks/bonds) are included in Investment Government Purchases spending on goods and services by local, state, and federal > Does not include transfer payments, such as welfare (does not result in production) Net Exports = Exports imports Exports goods produced but sold Imports goods produced but sold Page 3
4 CONCEPT: VALUE-ADDED METHOD FOR MEASURING GDP Remember: GDP is the value of the final goods and services produced by a country during a year The normal approach takes the market value of these final goods (i.e. a Chevy Malibu) > However, there are many intermediate steps in producing a final product Value added the market value that a firm adds to a product EXAMPLE: Mining Company Corporation extracts iron ore from its deposits and is able to sell the ore for a price of $5,100 per ton. The Refinery Company Corporation refines iron ore and sells the refined ore for $7,800 per ton. Steel Company Corporation purchases refined iron ore and produces steel, which it sells for $11,200 per ton. Chevrolet purchases steel to produce a Malibu, which it sells to consumers at a price of $16,900. What is the increase in GDP for each Malibu produced? Stage of Production Sales Value of Material Value Added Mining Company Corporation: Iron ore extracted The Refinery Company Corporation: Iron ore refined Steel Company Corporation: Steel produced Chevrolet: Chevy Malibu produced Total PRACTICE: A cotton farmer produces raw cotton, which it can sell to a processor at a price of $2. The processor weaves the cotton into fabric and sells it for $3. A clothing company purchases the fabric and creates a crappy t-shirt, which it can sell for $7. Urban Outfitters buys crappy t-shirts and resells them for $45. What is the value added by the clothing company? a) $3 b) $4 c) $7 d) $38 Page 4
5 CONCEPT: NOMINAL GDP AND REAL GDP Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value of the final goods and services produced by a country during a year Nominal GDP uses prices when calculating the value of goods Real GDP uses prices when calculating the value of goods GDP = C + I + G + NX C = I = G = NX = Nominal GDP = (Quantity 1 Current Price 1 ) + (Quantity 2 Current Price 2 ) + Real GDP = (Quantity 1 Base Price 1 ) + (Quantity 2 Base Price 2 ) + EXAMPLE: The simple economy of Clutchtopia produces three final goods and services necessary for the survival of its citizens, the Clutchtopians: Pizza, Caffeine Pills, and Exam Reviews. Use the information in the following table to compute nominal GDP and real GDP for Assume that the base year is Product Quantity Price Quantity Price Pizza 250 $8 220 $10 Caffeine Pills 1,200 $5 1,500 $4 Exam Reviews 90 $ $20 Since Real GDP holds prices, it is seen as a better measure of changes in production of goods and services Drawback: over time, prices may change relative to each other > Price of HDTVs have fallen since 2006, while the price of milk has stayed relatively constant Solution: use chain-weighted prices a adjusted average price, rather than a constant base year price > Calculation beyond scope of this course Page 5
6 Inflation refers to a state of the economy where are rising from one year to the next We can use nominal GDP and real GDP to monitor inflation and general price levels in the economy The GDP deflator is a statistic that measures only the prices of goods and services: GDP deflator = Nominal GDP Real GDP 100 Inflation Rate = GDP deflator in Year 2 GDP Deflator in Year 1 GDP deflator in Year 1 In the base year, the GDP deflator = > This is because Nominal GDP Real GDP in the base year PRACTICE: The United States of Barbeque produces two goods: Hot Dogs and Hamburgers. Use the following information to calculate the GDP Deflator for 2012, assuming the base year is Year Price of Quantity of Price of Quantity of Hot Dogs Hot Dogs Hamburgers Hamburgers 2010 $1 400 $ $ $ $ $ PRACTICE: Using the information above, calculate the inflation rate for 2012 in the United States of Barbeque. Page 6
7 CONCEPT: SHORTCOMINGS OF GDP GDP is a variable used to measure (1) total in the economy and (2) the of its citizens. Goods and services are produced but do not contribute to the GDP calculation, though they arguably should: Household Production the value of goods produced for > A carpenter produces bookshelves for a living, but also produced one to use at home > The services of a homemaker (stay-at-home parent) compared to a hired nanny or maid service Underground Economy buying and selling of goods that is from the government > Illegal goods and services, such as drugs and prostitution > Avoiding taxes on income earned > Avoiding government regulations Does the exclusion of household production and underground economy significantly affect GDP s usefulness? > In the short run, the changes in GDP from year to year from these sources is generally constant > In the long run, social changes can have drastic effects on these sources - Example: In the 1970s, the number of women in the workforce increased dramatically - This led to artificial increases to GDP: Previously unmeasured production was now included GDP per capita can be used to signify the well-being of the citizens, but a measure of well-being should arguably include: Value of Leisure: GDP would be higher if everyone worked 80 hours a week Environmental effects: GDP would be higher without environmental regulations > Example: As a measure of well-being, GDP should arguably be reduced for health hazards from pollution Crime and Social Problems: More crime means more government spending on police, but is that actually good? Equity in GDP: GDP measures the size of the pie, but not how it is divided > Even if GDP is increasing, consumption may not increase equally per person Page 7
8 CONCEPT: CALCULATING GDP USING THE INCOME APPROACH Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value of the final goods and services produced by a country during a year GDP can be calculated by adding up all the expenditures during the year and has main components > Note that GDP can also be calculated by adding up all the income during the year (less common) > They produce the same result because all the income earned is equal to all the expenditures made The income approach starts by adding up all components of national income: Compensation of Employees: wages and salaries paid by businesses and government to employees > The largest part of national income Rents: income received by landlords on rented properties (residential and business) > Net rental income = Gross Rental Receipts Depreciation of Rental Property Interest: income earned on loans by banks and depository savings by households Proprietors Income: profits earned by sole proprietorships, partnerships, and other unincorporated businesses Corporate Profits: profits earned by corporations > Corporate income taxes are part of GDP because they are earned by the government > Dividends are profits paid out to stockholders > Undistributed Corporate Profits are retained earnings used to re-invest in the corporation Taxes on Production and Imports: any general taxes levied by the government > Taxes are included in GDP Income because Government Purchases are included in GDP Expenditures National income is then adjusted to reflect GDP: Net Foreign Factor Income: GDP measures domestic income > We must remove income earned by Americans for supplying resources abroad > We must add income earned by foreigners for supplying resources to the United States Consumption of Fixed Capital: Depreciation on long-term assets (such as equipment that lasts several years) Statistical Discrepancy: basically an error adjustment made by the accountants ($209 billion in 2009!) Page 8
9 2009 Accounting Statement for the U.S. Economy (in billions) Gross Domestic Product: Expenditures Approach Gross Domestic Product: Income Approach Sum of: Sum of: Personal consumption expenditures (C) $10,089 Compensation of employees $7,792 Gross private domestic investment (Ig) 1,628 Rents 268 Government purchases (G) 2,931 Interest 788 Net exports (Xn) (392) Proprietors income 1,041 Corporate profits 1,309 Taxes on production and imports 1,090 Equals: National Income $12,288 Adjustments: Less: Net foreign factor income (105) Plus: Consumption of fixed capital 1,864 Plus: Statistical Discrepancy 209 Equals: Equals: Gross Domestic Product $14,256 Gross Domestic Product $14,256 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Page 9
10 CONCEPT: OTHER MEASURES OF TOTAL PRODUCTION AND TOTAL INCOME Gross Domestic Product (GDP) focuses on the value of goods and services produced domestically Gross National Product (GNP) focuses on the value of goods and services produced by the country s citizens GNP includes goods and services produced by US-owned facilities abroad GNP excludes goods and services produced by foreign-owned facilities in the US GDP is used because developing countries tend to have many foreign-owned investments > These foreign-owned investments would not be included in GNP and thus make production seem smaller Net Domestic Product (NDP) is GDP adjusted for depreciation National Income is the flip side of total production We calculated GDP using an expenditures approach (C + I + G + NX), but expenditures = income The total value spent on expenditures must be, on the other hand, earned by the sellers Generally, beyond the scope of this course Personal Income is the income received by households Excludes the earnings of corporations Includes transfer payments received from the government (i.e. welfare, interest on financial investments) Disposable Personal Income is the income received by households, less required taxes This represents the amount of money households actually have available to spend Disposable Income can be used for Consumption or Savings Page 10
11 CONCEPT: CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI) Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of the average change in prices of a typical family s basket of goods Step 1: The government surveys households to see what kind of goods are typically purchased the basket A typical family in Simple Land purchases these items during a given year: 50 jugs of Water and 75 pounds of Food Step 2: The prices of the goods in the basket are determined Step 3: The total cost of the basket is computed 2017 Cost of Basket = 2018 Cost of Basket = 2019 Cost of Basket = Year Price of Water Price of Food 2017 $5 $ $5.05 $ $5.20 $25 Step 4: The cost of the basket is compared to the chosen base-year CPI is calculated Formula CPI for 2017 CPI for 2018 CPI for 2019 CPI CY = Basket Cost CY Basket Cost BY 100 Step 5: The CPI is used to calculate inflation rate (changes in prices over time) Formula Inflation for 2017 Inflation for 2018 Inflation for 2019 Inflation CY = CPI CY CPI PY CPI PY 100 The typical family s spending habits used to construct the basket of goods comes from a government survey of 14,000 households. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Page 11
12 CONCEPT: USING CPI TO ADJUST FOR INFLATION The Consumer Price Index (CPI) can be a useful tool for measuring purchasing power at different points in time Formula for converting dollars from Year T to today s dollars: Amount in CY dollars = Amount in Year T dollars CPI CY CPI T This formula can help you adjust worker wages or prices for goods at different points in time EXAMPLE: Billy the Millennial and Gen X Johnny are caught in a heated dispute. Billy the Millennial exclaims, My student loans are enormous! I can barely afford to go to college! Gen X Johnny haughtily retorts, Ha! You make me sick! Your generation is so lazy! Back in 1975, I worked my way through college making $4.00 an hour at my part-time job at a movie theatre! You just want everything handed to you for free! Not only that, when I left college I worked my butt off 40 hours a week for just $14,000 annual salary and purchased my 3 bedroom home for $42,000. Your generation will never have the work ethic that I put in! Knowing that the CPI was 53.8 in 1975 and 240 in 2016, calculate the following: (a) Gen X Johnny s part-time wage in 2016 dollars (b) Gen X Johnny s annual salary in 2016 dollars (c) Gen X Johnny s home price in 2016 dollars Page 12
13 CONCEPT: PROBLEMS WITH THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX The Consumer Price Index (CPI) as a measure of inflation can run into biases that tend to overstate inflation: Substitution Bias CPI assumes that the same amount of each product is purchased each month > However, customers are likely to buy fewer of products that increase in price (and vice versa) > Example: Apple prices rise significantly, orange prices rise slightly Substitute apples with oranges > Since the CPI assumes apple purchases remain constant, the CPI will overstate the actual basket price Quality Bias Over time, items in the basket improve in quality > Example: faster computers; safer cars > Higher quality items will have these quality improvements embedded into the price > Thus, although prices may have increased by inflation, they may have increased due to quality as well New Product Bias New products introduced since the last basket will not be included in the basket > Example: Cell phones were not included in CPI until the late 1990s, though millions were in use > Price decreases tend to happen in years following new technology (i.e. DVD players, HDTVs) > If the technology is not included in the basket, then these price decreases will not reflect in CPI Outlet Bias The way people shop has changed over the years > CPI was consistently calculated at full-retail prices available in stores > However, consumers also purchased at discount chains (Costco, Sam s Club) and online > The prices used could overstate the actual prices paid by consumers depending on the chosen outlet Page 13
Chapter 8- Measuring Total Production & Income. Distribution of GDP
Chapter 8- Measuring Total Production & Income Distribution of GDP 1 Keeping Tabs on the Economy You must be able to measure and track the economy in order to understand what is going on and react appropriately.
More informationECON 3010 Intermediate Macroeconomics. Chapter 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
ECON 3010 Intermediate Macroeconomics Chapter 2 The Data of Macroeconomics IN THIS CHAPTER, YOU WILL LEARN: the meaning and measurement of the most important macroeconomic statistics: gross domestic product
More informationMeasuring the Aggregate Economy
CHAPTER 25 Measuring the Aggregate Economy The government is very keen on amassing statistics... They collect them, add them, raise them to the n th power, take the cube root and prepare wonderful diagrams.
More informationCHAPTER 2: MEASUREMENT OF MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES
Additional Questions Problems and/or essay questions: CHAPTER 2: MEASUREMENT OF MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES 1. What impact do you think that the movement of women from working in the household to working in
More informationMeasuring a Nation s Production and Income
Chapter Summary 5 Measuring a Nation s Production and Income In this chapter, we learned how economists and government statisticians measure the income and production for an entire country and what those
More informationChapter 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
Chapter 2 The Data of Macroeconomics slide 0 Learning Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the Consumer Price Index (CPI) the Unemployment Rate slide 1 GROSS DOMESTIC
More informationFull file at
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Problems and/or Essay Questions: CHAPTER 2: MEASUREMENT OF MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES 1. What impact do you think that the movement of women from working in the household to working in
More informationfile:///c:/users/moha/desktop/mac8e/new folder (2)/CourseCompas... Creation Settings
1 of 24 12/8/2012 11:32 م COURSES > BA121 > CONTROL PANEL > POOL MANAGER > POOL CANVAS P Add, modify, and remove questions. Select a question type from the Add drop-down list and click Go to add questions.
More information1. The economic statistic used to measure the level of prices is the: A) GDP. B) CPI. C) GNP. D) real GDP.
1. The economic statistic used to measure the level of prices is the: A) GDP. B) CPI. C) GNP. D) real GDP. 2. The statistic used by economists to measure the value of economic output is the: A) CPI. B)
More informationEXPENDITURE APPROACH: The expenditures on all final goods and services made by all sectors of the economy are added to calculate GDP. Expenditures are
Chapter 1 MEASURING GDP AND PRICE LEVEL MEASURING EONOMIC ACTIVITY Macroeconomics studies the aggregate (or total) concept of economic activity. Its focus is on the aggregate output, the aggregate income,
More information1. The economic statistic used to measure the level of prices is: A) GDP. B) CPI. C) GNP. D) real GDP.
1. The economic statistic used to measure the level of prices is: A) GDP. B) CPI. C) GNP. D) real GDP. 2. The statistic used by economists to measure the value of economic output is: A) the CPI. B) GDP.
More informationChapter 2: The Measurement and Structure of the National Economy
Chapter 2: The Measurement and Structure of the National Economy Yulei Luo SEF of HKU January 22, 2014 Luo, Y. (SEF of HKU) ECON2220: Macro Theory January 22, 2014 1 / 26 Chapter Outline National Income
More informationEconomic Performance. Sherif Khalifa. Sherif Khalifa () Economic Performance 1 / 39
Sherif Khalifa Sherif Khalifa () Economic Performance 1 / 39 People earning higher income levels enjoy higher living standards. To judge economic well being, we consider the total income in an economy.
More informationMEASURING NATIONAL OUTPUT AND NATIONAL INCOME. Chapter 18
1 MEASURING NATIONAL OUTPUT AND NATIONAL INCOME Chapter 18 national income and product accounts Data collected and published by the government describing the various components of national income and output
More informationGross Domestic Product. How Is The GDP Calculated? Net investment equals gross investment minus depreciation.
Chapter 23: Measuring GDP, Inflation and Economic Growth Gross Domestic Product applegross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value of aggregate or total production of goods and services in a country during
More informationMeasuring Domestic Output and National Income
Chapter 27 Measuring Domestic Output and National Income Assessing the Economy s Performance National income accounting measures economy s overall performance Bureau of Economic Analysis compiles National
More informationNational Income. Sherif Khalifa. Sherif Khalifa () National Income 1 / 28
National Income Sherif Khalifa Sherif Khalifa () National Income 1 / 28 People with higher incomes enjoy higher standards of living. To judge whether the economy is doing well, we look at the total income
More informationMACROECONOMICS. The Data of Macroeconomics MANKIW. In this chapter, you will learn. Gross Domestic Product: Expenditure and Income.
C H A P T E R 2 The Data of Macroeconomics MACROECONOMICS N. GREGORY MANKIW 2008 Worth Publishers, all rights reserved SIXTH EDITION PowerPoint Slides by Ron Cronovich In this chapter, you will learn the
More informationEconomic Performance. Sherif Khalifa. Sherif Khalifa () Economic Performance 1 / 55
Sherif Khalifa Sherif Khalifa () Economic Performance 1 / 55 People earning higher income levels also enjoy higher living standards. To judge economic well being, we consider the total income of an economy.
More informationTopic 2: Macroeconomic Data. (chapter 2) revised 9/15/09. CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics slide 0
Topic 2: Macroeconomic Data (chapter 2) revised 9/15/09 CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics slide 0 Learning objectives In this chapter, you will learn about how we define and measure: Gross Domestic
More informationChapter 25 - Measuring domestic output and national income. National Income Accounting - measures the economy s overall performance
Chapter 25 Chapter 25 - Measuring domestic output and national income Assessing the Economy s Performance National Income Accounting - measures the economy s overall performance Gross Domestic Product
More informationPART 6 The macroeconomic environment
PART 6 The macroeconomic environment 1 of 38 Economy s Income & Expenditure Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Measures the total income of everyone in the economy Measures the total expenditure on the economy
More informationIntermediate Macroeconomics, Sciences Po, Answer Key to Problem Set 1
Intermediate Macroeconomics, Sciences Po, 2014 Zsófia Bárány Answer Key to Problem Set 1 1. Production and expenditure approaches to GDP: Consider three firms: firm A, a mining enterprise; firm B, a steelmaker;
More informationMacroeconomic Data. Two definitions: In this chapter, you will learn about how we define and measure: Gross Domestic Product
Topic 2: Macroeconomic Data (chapter 2) revised 9/15/09 CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics slide 0 Learning objectives In this chapter, you will learn about how we define and measure: Gross Domestic
More informationmacro macroeconomics The Data of Macroeconomics N. Gregory Mankiw CHAPTER TWO 6 th edition
macro CHAPTER TWO The Data of Macroeconomics macroeconomics 6 th edition N. Gregory Mankiw Learning objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the Consumer Price Index
More informationLearning objectives. Gross Domestic Product
Learning objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the Consumer Price Index (CPI) the Unemployment Rate The Data of Macroeconomics slide 1 Gross Domestic Product Two
More informationText transcription of Chapter 5 Measuring a Nation s Income
Text transcription of Chapter 5 Measuring a Nation s Income Welcome to the Chapter 5 Lecture on the Measuring a Nation s Income. We are going to start working with statistics to measure the size of economies
More informationWilliam A. McEachern Macro3 ECON
William A. McEachern Macro3 ECON 6 1 The Product of a Nation 17 th and 18 th century Mercantilism 1758 Economic prosperity: stock of precious metals Circular flow of output and income National income accounting
More information"Data, data, data: how can I make bricks without clay?".
1 Measurement As explained in the previous chapter, measurement is a key component of the scientific method and is necessary to develop and validate theories. Sherlock Holmes, one of the masters of (investigative
More informationLecture 1 Endogenous variables: Exogenous variables: Pizza example:
Lecture 1 Behavior of the whole is greater than the sum of individual actions and market outcomes Paradox of thrift: expectations of possible hardship in economy by families/businesses will cause them
More informationCh 2. National Income Accounting ECO 402
Ch 2. National Income Accounting ECO 402 Key Words The circular flow Three approaches to measuring national income Production Income Expenditure Value added Final goods and intermediate goods Gross domestic
More informationMacroeconomic Analysis Econ 6022 Level I
1 / 37 Macroeconomic Analysis Econ 6022 Level I Lecture 2 Fall, 2011 2 / 37 Overview Let s start our tour in macroeconomics by introducing a few building blocks, which will be used repeatedly later on.
More informationW8- GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT MEASURES TOTAL PRODUCTION BSB113
W8- GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT MEASURES TOTAL PRODUCTION BSB113 Gross Domestic Product (GDP): the market value of all final goods and services produced in a country during a period. In measuring GDP, we include
More informationThe Data of Macroeconomics
C H A P T E R 2 MACROECONOMICS SIXTH EDITION N. GREGORY MANKIW PowerPoint Slides by Ron Cronovich 2008 Worth Publishers, all rights reserved In this chapter, you will learn the meaning and measurement
More informationMeasuring National Output and National Income. Gross Domestic Product. National Income and Product Accounts
C H A P T E R 18 Measuring National Output and National Income Prepared by: Fernando Quijano and Yvonn Quijano Gross Domestic Product Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total market value of all final
More information01 Measuring a Nation s Income Econ 111
01 Measuring a Nation s Income Econ 111 Measuring a Nation s Income (Chapter 10) Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole. Its goal is to explain the economic changes that affect many households,
More informationECO 209Y MACROECONOMIC THEORY AND POLICY LECTURE 2: NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING
ECO 209Y MACROECONOMIC THEORY AND POLICY LECTURE 2: NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING Gustavo Indart Slide1 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value of all final goods and services produced
More informationChapter 2: The Data of Macroeconomics
Chapter 2: The Data of Macroeconomics 0 IN THIS CHAPTER, YOU WILL LEARN: the meaning and measurement of the most important macroeconomic statistics:! gross domestic product (GDP)! the consumer price index
More informationChapter 2: The Data of Macroeconomics*
Chapter 2: The Data of Macroeconomics 1/40 *Slides based on Ron Cronovich's slides, adjusted by Marcel Bluhm for lecture in Macroeconomics at the Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics at Xiamen
More informationMEASURING A NATION S INCOME
23 MEASURING A NATION S INCOME WHAT S NEW IN THE FOURTH EDITION: There is a new In the News box on The Underground Economy. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this chapter, students should understand:
More informationUnit 4: Measuring GDP and Prices
Unit 4: Measuring GDP and Prices ECO 120 Global Macroeconomics 1 1.1 Reading Reading Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Module 11 Real vs Nominal GDP: Module 12 1.2 Goals Goals Specific Goals: Understand how
More informationChp 23 pre-test. Answer the next question(s) on the basis of the following data. All figures are in billions of dollars.
1. The agency responsible for compiling the National Income Product Accounts for the U.S. economy is the: A. Council of Economic Advisers B. Bureau of Economic Analysis C. National Bureau of Economic Research
More informationIndicators of National Econmoy. Ing. Mansoor Maitah Ph.D. et Ph.D.
Indicators of National Econmoy Ing. Mansoor Maitah Ph.D. et Ph.D. Circular Flows in the Market Economy Describes the flow of resources, products, income, and revenue among the four decision makers (Households;
More informationNational Income. Sherif Khalifa. Sherif Khalifa () National Income 1 / 44
National Income Sherif Khalifa Sherif Khalifa () National Income 1 / 44 People with higher incomes enjoy higher standards of living. To judge how the economy is doing, we look at the total income of everyone
More informationAGENDA Tues 1/26. QOD #8: GDP Calculations HW Review ( P #4,5,7) Partner Practice
AGENDA Tues 1/26 QOD #8: GDP Calculations HW Review (494-500 P #4,5,7) Partner Practice Study for CH 23-24 Assessment Parent Syllabus review LO1 24-1 QOD #8: GDP Calculations-Part 1 Suppose that annual
More informationMACROECONOMIC OUTPUT. Economy performance measurement
MACROECONOMIC OUTPUT Economy performance measurement GDP Gross Domestic Product measures the monetary value of final goods and services that is, those that are bought by the final user produced in a country
More informationChapter 8 GDP: # Measuring Total Production and Income
Macroeconomics 6 th edition # Chapter 8 GDP: # Measuring Total Production and Income Modified by Yulin Hou For Principle of Macroeconomics Florida International University Summer 2017 pyright 2017 Pearson
More informationECON 201. Learning Objectives. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 9/25/2009. Chapter 5 GDP & Economic Growth
ECON 201 Chapter 5 GDP & Economic Growth Learning Objectives How GDP is Defined and Measured. How economists distinguish between nominal GDP & real GDP. Long term trend of U.S. economic growth. Generalingredientsofeconomicgrowth
More informationGross Domestic Product. National Income Determination. Topic 9: 10/7/2016
The Economy s Income and Expenditure Topic 9: National Income Determination When judging whether the economy is doing well or poorly, it is natural to look at the total income that everyone in the economy
More informationProduction, Income and Employment
CAPTER 6 Production, Income and Employment Sasan ayazmanesh Summary Summary: This chapter deals with the following macroeconomic concepts: 1) National income accounting: how to measure the value of goods
More informationDecision Makers and Markets
Decision Makers and Markets Households S FINANCIAL Wages Rent Interest Profit T Budget C I Factors M. (Capital Labor) Government G Goods & Services Rest of world Firms Decision Makers and Markets Households
More informationLECTURE NOTES ON MACROECONOMIC PRINCIPLES
LECTURE NOTES ON MACROECONOMIC PRINCIPLES Peter Ireland Department of Economics Boston College peter.ireland@bc.edu http://www2.bc.edu/peter-ireland/ec132.html Copyright (c) 2013 by Peter Ireland. Redistribution
More informationmacroeconomics The Data of Macroeconomics N. Gregory Mankiw CHAPTER TWO PowerPoint Slides by Ron Cronovich fifth edition
CHAPTER TWO The Data of Macroeconomics macroeconomics fifth edition N. Gregory Mankiw PowerPoint Slides by Ron Cronovich 2002 Worth Publishers, all rights reserved Learning objectives In this chapter,
More information8 THE DATA OF MACROECONOMICS
8 THE DATA OF MACROECONOMICS Measuring a Nation s Income 23 Measuring a Nation s Income Microeconomics Microeconomics is the study of how individual households and firms make decisions and how they interact
More informationMacroeconomics, 6e (Williamson) Chapter 2 Measurement. 2.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
Macroeconomics, 6e (Williamson) Chapter 2 Measurement 2.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) NIPA means A) New Income and Price Accounting. B) National Investment and Productivity Approach. C) Neutral Increase
More informationOndřej Krčál Department of Economics
Macroeconomics II Ondřej Krčál Department of Economics Office 611 Consultation hours: Tuesday 16:30 18:00 E-mail: krcalo@mail.muni.cz slide 0 Literature MANKIW, G. (2010): Macroeconomics. 7th edition.
More informationWeek 1. H1 Notes ECON10003
Week 1 Some output produced by the government is free. Education is a classic example. This is still viewed as a service and valued at the cost of production which is primarily the salary of the workers
More informationECF2331 Final Revision
Table of Contents Week 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics... 5 What Macroeconomics is about... 5 Macroeconomics 5 Issues addressed by macroeconomists 5 What Macroeconomists Do... 5 Macro Research 5 Develop
More informationNotes II: Measuring the Economy
Notes II: Measuring the Economy Julio Garín Intermediate Macroeconomics Spring 2018 Intermediate Macroeconomics Notes II - Measuring the Economy Spring 2018 1 / 72 Preliminaries While the GDP and the rest
More informationInflation. Chapter Summary and Learning Objectives
CHAPTER 9 Unemployment and Inflation Chapter Summary and Learning Objectives 9.1 Measuring the Unemployment Rate, the Labor Force Participation Rate, and the Employment-Population Ratio (pages 268 277)
More informationMacroeconomic Measurement and Business Cycles
Macroeconomic Measurement and Business Cycles Economics 4353 - Intermediate Macroeconomics Aaron Hedlund University of Missouri Fall 2015 Econ 4353 (University of Missouri) Measurement and Business Cycles
More informationECON 120 -ESSENTIALS OF ECONOMICS
Name ECON 120 -ESSENTIALS OF ECONOMICS CH 21 Measuring National Inome MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The total market value of
More informationMacroeconomic Measurement and Business Cycles
Macroeconomic Measurement and Business Cycles Economics 3307 - Intermediate Macroeconomics Aaron Hedlund Baylor University Fall 2013 Econ 3307 (Baylor University) Measurement and Business Cycles Fall 2013
More informationECON 1102: MACROECONOMICS 1 Chapter 1: Measuring Macroeconomic Performance, Output and Prices
ECON 1102: MACROECONOMICS 1 Chapter 1: Measuring Macroeconomic Performance, Output and Prices 1.1 Measuring Macroeconomic Performance 1. Rising Living Standards Economic growth is the tendency for output
More informationFull file at Macroeconomics, 11e (Gordon) Chapter 2 The Measurement of Income, Prices, and Unemployment
Macroeconomics, 11e (Gordon) Chapter 2 The Measurement of Income, Prices, and Unemployment 1) Job openings are plentiful when the A) actual real GDP is above the natural real GDP. B) natural real GDP is
More informationMany of life s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. Thomas Edison
Many of life s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. Thomas Edison National-income accounting is the system used to measure the aggregate income and
More informationFull file at
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The accounting framework used in measuring current economic activity is called 1) A) the flow of
More informationMacroeconomics EC1001
Macroeconomics EC1001 Lecturer: Professor James Mitchell Room: 107 Astley Clarke Building Email: jm463@le.ac.uk Office hours: Thursday 9.30am-11.30am Module website: www.le.ac.uk/economics/teach/ec1001/ec1001.html
More informationMacroeconomics, 12e (Gordon) Chapter 2 The Measurement of Income, Prices, and Unemployment
Macroeconomics, 12e (Gordon) Chapter 2 The Measurement of Income, Prices, and Unemployment 2.1 Why We Care About Income 1) Job openings are plentiful when the A) actual real GDP is above the natural real
More information7. a. i. Nominal GDP is the total value of goods and services measured at current prices. Therefore, ( ) ( Q burgers ) ( Q hotdogs ) + P burgers
Macroeconomics ECON 2204 Prof. Murphy Problem Set 1 Answers Chapter 2 #2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11 (on pages 44-45) 2. Value added by each person is equal to the value of the good produced minus the amount
More informationMacroeconomics. Part 1: Issues in Macroeconomics. Chapter 1: Measuring macroeconomic performance - output and prices
Macroeconomics Part 1: Issues in Macroeconomics Chapter 1: Measuring macroeconomic performance - output and prices A macroeconomy is performing well if it meets the following criteria: o Rising living
More informationMEASURING A NATION S INCOME
10 MEASURING A NATION S INCOME LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this chapter, students should understand: why an economy s total income equals its total expenditure. how gross domestic product (GDP)
More informationChapter 5. Measuring a Nation s Production and Income. Macroeconomics: Principles, Applications, and Tools NINTH EDITION
Macroeconomics: Principles, Applications, and Tools NINTH EDITION Chapter 5 Measuring a Nation s Production and Income During the recent deep economic downturn, economists, business writers, and politicians
More informationIntroduction to Macroeconomics
Week 1: General notes: o Macroeconomics studies the aggregate impact of individual decisions. Microeconomics studies decision-making by individual economic agents o In the study of macroeconomics, an economist
More informationBEFORE YOU BEGIN Looking at the Chapter
Name Date Period MEASURING ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE Chapter 12 BEFORE YOU BEGIN Looking at the Chapter Fill in the blank spaces with the missing words. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced
More informationFull file at
MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 1) Gross domestic product is defined as 1) A) the total market value of the final goods and services
More informationPRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS Lecture 2: Measuring a Nation s Income & the Cost of Living
PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS Lecture 2: Measuring a Nation s Income & the Cost of Living Instructor: Chi Man Yip DEFINITION: GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) GDP: the market value of all final goods & services
More informationMacro CH 20 - multiple choice 80
Class: Date: Macro CH 20 - multiple choice 80 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. GDP is measured by a. adding units of all goods and services.
More informationECON 10020/20020 Principles of Macroeconomics Problem Set 2
ECON 10020/20020 Principles of Macroeconomics Problem Set 2 Dennis C. Plott University of Notre Dame Department of Economics February 2, 2015 Email: dennis.plott@gmail.com 1 Name: 1. Due: Tuesday 10 th
More informationChapter 02 National Income Accounting
Chapter 02 National Income Accounting Multiple Choice Questions 1. In calculating this year's GDP, national income accountants a. Include any increase in stock values b. Include an estimate for income
More informationChapter 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
Chapter 2 The Data of Macroeconomics Zhengyu Cai Ph.D. Institute of Development Southwestern University of Finance and Economics All rights reserved http://www.escience.cn/people/zhengyucai/index.html
More informationMacroeconomics, 8e (Abel/Bernanke/Croushore) Chapter 2 The Measurement and Structure of the National Economy
Macroeconomics 8th Edition Abel Test Bank Full Download: http://testbanklive.com/download/macroeconomics-8th-edition-abel-test-bank/ Macroeconomics, 8e (Abel/Bernanke/Croushore) Chapter 2 The Measurement
More informationEcon 522: Intermediate Macroeconomics, Spring Chapter 2 Practice Problems - Solutions
Econ 522: Intermediate Macroeconomics, Spring 2018 Chapter 2 Practice Problems - Solutions 1. Production, Value Added, and Income Based GDP. The following activities occur during a given year: 1. A mining
More informationEastern Mediterranean University Department of Economics Spring Semester Econ 102 Midterm Exam. Duration: 90 minutes
Eastern Mediterranean University Department of Economics 2016-2017 Spring Semester Econ 102 Midterm Exam EXAM BOOKLET: A 13th April 2017 Name: Student No: Group: Duration: 90 minutes Part I: Multiple Choice
More informationEcon 102 Discussion Section 2
Econ 102 Discussion Section 2 GDP: Definition and Calculations Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the market value of all goods and services produced within a country over a given period, typically a year.
More informationCH.3 Output and Prices: Evaluating Macroeconomic Performance Measuring National or Aggregate Output
CH.3 Output and Prices: Main focus: 1. Indicators of macroeconomic 2. Measuring output (GDP) 3. Measuring Prices and inflation Evaluating Macroeconomic Performance 1. Rising Living standards Economic growth
More informationMacroeconomic Theory and Policy
ECO 209Y Macroeconomic Theory and Policy Lecture 2: National Income Accounting Gustavo Indart Slide1 Gross Domestic Product Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value of all final goods and services produced
More informationChapter 5: Production, Income and Employment
Chapter 5: Production, Income and Employment We will take our first look at production and employment, focusing on two key variables: Gross Domestic Product and Unemployment Rate The nation s Gross Domestic
More informationPart V: Introduction to Macroeconomics 19. The Wealth of Nations: Defining and
Part V: Introduction to s 19. 20. Aggregate Incomes 1 / 56 Chapter 19 Defining and 2017.8.9. 2 / 56 1 2 3 4 3 / 56 Chapter 19 Q: In the United States, what is the total market value of annual economic
More informationChapter 1: The Data of Macroeconomics
Chapter 1: The Data of Macroeconomics Econ206 - Francesc Ortega August 31, 2011 Outline 1. The GDP 2. The inflation rate 3. The unemployment rate Reading: Mankiw 7e, chapter 2 Definition The Gross Domestic
More information1 of 33. Measuring a Nation s Production and Income. 2 of 33
1 of 33 2 of 33 The methods our government uses today to measure our economy, which we will study in this chapter, were developed in the 1930s. P R E P A R E D B Y FERNANDO QUIJANO, YVONN QUIJANO, AND
More informationIntroduction. Learning Objectives. Chapter 8. Measuring the Economy s Performance
Chapter 8 Measuring the Economy s Performance Introduction For a number of years, measured U.S. business investment spending on capital goods has declined relative to total national expenditures on goods
More informationEcon COURSE 2 (Chapter 21) MEASURING NATIONAL OUTPUT AND NATIONAL INCOME
COURSE 2 (Chapter 21) MEASURING NATIONAL OUTPUT AND NATIONAL INCOME Outline of today s lecture: 1. Gross Domestic Product 2. Calculating GDP A) Expenditure Approach B) Income Approach C) Output Approach
More informationUnemployment Rate = 1. A large number of economic statistics are released regularly. These include the following:
CHAPTER The Data of Macroeconomics Questions for Review 1. GDP measures the total income earned from the production of the new final goods and services in the economy, and it measures the total expenditures
More informationLecture Investment and Saving
Lecture 3-1 4. Investment and Saving Investment is the portion of final product that adds to the nation s stock of income-yielding physical assets or that replaces old, worn-out physical assets. The goods
More informationEconomics is the study of decision making
TOPIC 1 - INTRODUCTION TO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY WHAT IS ECONOMICS Economics is the study of decision making Every time we take a decision, we are choosing between at least two possibilities How do you take
More informationChapter 2. The Measurement and Structure of the Canadian Economy. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education Canada
Chapter 2 The Measurement and Structure of the Canadian Economy Copyright 2009 Pearson Education Canada National Income Accounting The national income accounts is an accounting framework used in measuring
More informationMacroeconomic Measurement Revised: January 9, 2008
Global Economy Chris Edmond Macroeconomic Measurement Revised: January 9, 2008 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is our primary measure of macroeconomic performance: the total value of output produced by a
More informationAnswer Key to Problem Set 1. Fall Total: 15 points 1.(2.5 points) Identify the variables below as a flow or stock variable :
Answer Key to Problem Set 1 Fall 2011 Total: 15 points 1.(2.5 points) Identify the variables below as a flow or stock variable : (a) stock (b) stock (c) flow (d) flow (e) stock 2.(4 points) a. i. Nominal
More informationName (Please print) Assigned Seat. ECO202: PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS FIRST MIDTERM EXAM SPRING 2010 Prof. Bill Even FORM 3.
Name (Please print) Assigned Seat ECO202: PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS FIRST MIDTERM EXAM SPRING 2010 Prof. Bill Even FORM 3 Directions 1. Fill in your scantron with your unique id and form number. Doing
More information