Measuring Domestic Output and National Income

Transcription

1 Chapter 27 Measuring Domestic Output and National Income

2 Assessing the Economy s Performance National income accounting measures economy s overall performance Bureau of Economic Analysis compiles National Income and Product Accounts Assess health of economy Track long-run course Formulate policy LO1 27-2

3 Gross Domestic Product Measure of aggregate output Monetary measure Avoid multiple counting Market value final goods Ignore intermediate goods Count value added LO1 27-3

4 Monetary Measure LO1 27-4

5 Gross Domestic Product Continued (1) Stage of Production (2) Sales Value of Materials or Product (3) Value Added $ 0 Firm A, sheep ranch 120 Firm B, wool producer 180 Firm C, coat manufacturer 220 Firm D, clothing wholesaler 270 Firm E, retail clothier 350 ] $120 (= $120 - $ 0) ] (= ) ] (= ) ] (= ) ] (= ) Total Sales Value $1140 Value Added (total income) $350 LO1 27-5

6 Gross Domestic Product Concluded Exclude financial transactions Public transfer payments Private transfer payments Stock market transactions Exclude second hand sales Sell used car to a friend LO1 27-6

7 Two Approaches to GDP Income approach Count income derived from production Wages, rental income, interest income, profit Expenditure approach Count sum of money spent buying the final goods Who buys the goods? LO1 27-7

8 Two Approaches to GDP Cont d LO1 Expenditures or Output Approach Consumption by Households + Investment by Businesses + Government Purchases + Expenditures By Foreigners G = D = P Income or Allocations Approach Wages Rents Interest Profits Statistical Adjustments 27-8

9 Expenditures Approach Personal consumption expenditures (C) Durable goods Nondurable goods Consumer expenditures for services Domestic plus foreign goods produced LO2 27-9

10 Expenditures Approach Continued Gross private domestic investment (I g ) Machinery, equipment, and tools All construction Positive and negative changes in inventories Creation of new capital assets Noninvestment transactions excluded LO

11 Expenditures Approach: Investment - = Gross Investment Depreciation Net Investment Gross Investment Net Investment Depreciation Stock of Capital Consumption, government expenditures, and net exports Stock of Capital LO2 January 1 Year s GDP December

12 Expenditures Approach Concluded Government purchases (G) Expenditures for goods and services Expenditures for publicly owned capital Excludes transfer payments Net exports (X n ) Add exported goods Subtract imported goods X n = exports (X) - imports (M) GDP = C + I g + G + X n LO

13 Accounting Statement for the U.S. Economy, 2015 LO

14 Comparative GDP LO

15 The Income Approach Compensation of employees Rents Interest Proprietor s income Corporate profits Corporate income taxes Dividends Undistributed corporate profits Taxes on production and imports LO

16 The Income Approach Continued From national income to GDP Subtract net foreign factor income Statistical discrepancy Consumption of fixed capital Other national accounts Net domestic product (NDP) National income (NI) Personal income (PI) Disposable income (DI) LO3, LO

17 U.S. Income Relationships 2015 LO

18 Circular Flow Revisited LO

19 Nominal GDP vs. Real GDP GDP is a dollar measure of production Using dollar values creates problems Nominal GDP Based on prices that prevailed when output was produced Real GDP Reflect changes in the price level Use base year price LO

20 GDP Price Index Use price index to determine real GDP Price Index In Given Year Price of Market Basket in Specific Year = 100 Price of Same Basket in Base Year Real GDP = Nominal GDP Price Index (in hundredths) LO

21 GDP Price Index Continued Calculating Real GDP (Base Year = Year 1) Year (1) Units of Output (2) Price of Pizza Per Unit (3) Price Index (Year 1 = 100) (4) Unadjusted, or Nominal, GDP (1) (2) (5) Adjusted, or Real, GDP 1 5 $ $ 50 $ LO

22 Real World Considerations 27-22

23 Shortcomings of GDP Nonmarket activities Leisure Improved product quality The underground economy GDP and the environment Composition and distribution of output Noneconomic sources of well-being LO

24 Underground Economy LO

25 Gross Output Sum of Resource Extraction Production Distribution Final Output (GDP) Larger than GDP Better reflection of productive side of economy LO

26 Sources of BEA Data Consumption Census Bureau s Retail Trade Survey Census Bureau s Survey of Manufacturers Census Bureau s Service Survey Industry trade sources 27-26

27 Sources of BEA Data Continued Investment All consumption data sources Census Bureau s Housing Starts Survey and Housing Sales Survey Retail Trade Survey Wholesale Trade Survey Survey of Manufacturing 27-27

28 Sources of BEA Data Concluded Government Purchases Office of Personnel Management Construction surveys Census Bureau s Survey of Government Finance Net Exports U.S. Customs Service BEA surveys and analysis 27-28