Paper 1: Question, mark scheme and assessment of answers

Transcription

1 NSSC Geography 23 Highland Paper 1: Question, mark scheme and assessment of answers (a) Figure 1 below shows three possible sites, A, B and C, available a planning committee for the construction of a coal-powered thermal power station. C Prevailing Winds Coal Mines A B Y Town D River Mineral Line Port Sea Figure 1 (i) Which site, A, B or C, is the most suitable for a coalfired power station in your opinion? Explain why the site you have chosen meets the siting requirements. (3) (ii) Another site is available at D. Would the people living in the wn at Y have any objections if the power station were built there? If so, list a few of these objections. (2) (b) (i) Coal is a non-renewable source. What does this mean? (1) (ii) Which renewable power source can be seen in Figure 1? Explain how this renewable power source could be used for the benefit of wn Y. Mark scheme (a) (i) Site B is the best site for the coal-fired thermal power station. It is close the coal mines, reducing the cost of transport. Transport costs would be higher at Site C, because it is situated on the highland. Site B is also near the river, and it is extremely important for power stations have access water for the cooling process. Site A has no accessibility water. Site B is preferred because it is on flat land, near the coal mines and near the river. (3)

2 24 Teacher s Guide (ii) If Site D were chosen, the people of wn Y would have objected the following: The burning of coal produces huge amounts of smoke and pollutants. The pollution would have an extremely negative affect on the people of Town Y. The prevailing winds, blowing the pollutants over the wn, would only make things worse. (2) (b) (i) A non-renewable source, such as coal, is a source of energy of which there is a limited quantity. Once it is used up, it cannot be replaced. (1) (ii) The renewable source of energy in Figure 1 is water. Hydro-electric power could be generated in the river where it falls down from the highland, producing a lot of energy. The people in wn Y would benefit from using hydro-electric power and also because there would be no atmospheric pollution. (2) Assessment of answers (a) (i) Three marks were awarded for the following facrs: Site chosen, advantages of the site chosen, reason for not choosing the other two sites. (ii) For two marks, a well-developed assessment identifying possible objections was required, such as the reference the effects of the prevailing winds, pollution in the wn or other types of pollution. (b) (i) Credit was given a reference which conveyed the idea of continuous exploitation leading the exhaustion of resources. (ii) For either hydro-electric power or the use of wind, one mark was given. A second mark was awarded for an explanary statement relating a benefit brought the wn, such as the cost of production once the installation had been developed.

3 NSSC Geography 25 Paper 2: Question, mark scheme and assessment of answers Figure 2 is a graph of birth rate placed against death rate for 12 countries in Kenya 5 Bangladesh Nigeria Gambia Nepal Birth rate (per thousand) Peru Brazil China Russia USA 1 Netherlands Sweden Death rate (per thousand) Figure 2 (a) Give a short explanation of: (i) birth rate (ii) death rate. (2) (b) Which country has: (i) the highest birth rate? (Give the birth rate by thousands.) (ii) the highest death rate? (Give the death rate by thousands.) (2) (c) What is the rate of increase of the population of China? (1) (d) Suggest one reason why some countries have high birth rates. (1) (e) Suggest one reason why some countries have high death rates. (1)

4 26 Teacher s Guide 5 4 Birth rate RATE (per thousand) Death rate Figure (f) Figure 3 shows changes in birth and death rates in India between 196 and (i) On Figure 2, plot the birth rate against the death rate for India in 1986 and label the point. (1) (ii) Describe the changes in India s birthrate and death rate between 1926 and (4) (iii) Suggest three reasons why these changes have taken place. (3) Mark scheme (a) (i) Birth rate is the number of births per 1 of the population in one year. (ii) Death rate is the number of deaths per 1 of the population in one year. (b) (i) Kenya has the highest birth rate, namely 55 per thousand. (ii) Gambia has the highest death rate, namely 23 per thousand. (c) China: Birth rate = Death rate = 1 Therefore the rate of increase is: 14 per 1 = 14 1 = 1,4% Rate of increase is 1,4%

5 NSSC Geography 27 (d) Some countries have high birth rates because of cultural and traditional barriers, for example traditions that prohibit the use of contraceptives and birth control. (e) Some countries have high death rates because of lack of medical facilities and hospitals and many people die of frequent illnesses. (f) (i) 6 Kenya 5 Bangladesh Nigeria Gambia Nepal Birth rate (per thousand) India Peru Brazil China Russia USA 1 Netherlands Sweden Death rate (per thousand) Figure 4 (ii) Between 1926 and 1986, the birth rate has decreased, but there were several fluctuations, for example a decrease in birth rate from , but an increase in birth rate from The last period ( ) saw a decrease in birth rate with the actual rate of decrease increasing. The death rate during this period has increased drastically, especially from From 1936 onward the death rate has decreased. (iii) The decrease in the birth rate can be attributed birth control measures taken by the Indian government, educating people about the disadvantages of a high birth rate and encouraging people use contraceptives. Also, India has since been industrialised, which means that industrial machinery reduced the demand for a large labour force, thereby also reducing the family s need for producing many children. The decreasing death rate is because of improved medical services.

6 28 Teacher s Guide Assessment of answers In (a), one mark was given for each of the two terms, but for a mark be awarded at all, reference per thousand was required for each term. Half a mark was awarded for naming each country correctly in (b) (i) and (ii). Half a mark was awarded in each part of the question for stating the rule. Credit was given for a figure from inclusive for Kenya and for Gambia. In (c) credit was given for stating either a rate of 12 or 13 or alternatively an equivalent rate as a percentage. In (d) and (e), one mark was awarded for a relevant answer which was clearly developed. Reference cultural or traditional facrs was credited in (d) and limited medical facilities in (e). Religious facrs were also accepted in (d) and likewise in (e). Credit was given a long war or period of drought. In (f) (i) one mark was awarded for the correct position on Figure 4. In (f) (ii) one mark was awarded for each relevant descriptive statement. These statements should be clearly stated with reference changes in both the birth rate and the death rate. In (f) (iii) one mark was awarded for each explanary statement. Credit was also given references food, nutrition and hygiene.

7 NSSC Geography 29 Paper 3: Question, mark scheme and assessment of answers Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 give information about a park on the northern edge of a wn. Figure 5 is a plan of the park and the facilities available. Figure 6 shows the percentage of visirs entering the park every hour over a period of five days, Monday Friday. Figure 7 shows where the visirs come from, and Figure 8 shows how long visirs stay in the park. N Open countryside Open countryside North end of market wn 1 2 metres KEY Entrance The Park Boundary The Park Road Car Park Bird garden with viewing hides Pond Woodland Open grassland Main paths (Note: There is a regulation that people using The Park must keep the paths.) Figure 5

8 3 Teacher s Guide 25 All visirs 2 Percentage of visirs for each hour Hourly opening times Male and female 25 Percentage of male and female visirs for each hour Male Female Hourly opening times Figure 6

9 NSSC Geography 31 From the villages N K 2 A 8 H I 3 F16 J 2 12 C 4 G 2 B 6 E 8 5 km 1 km KEY 15 km Letters (A-K) : identify villages Numbers (2) : number of visirs from a village From the market wn The Park KEY Road Railway Bridge River 123 : Number of visirs park from each secr of the wn Figure 7

10 32 Teacher s Guide Percentage of visirs (a) (i) Look at Figure 7. The details for one village are not shown. This is Village D, which is 12 km from the park. From this village, eight people visited the park. Using the same information as for the other villages, insert the information for Village D, which is north of the park. (3) (ii) Using the information in Figures 6, 7 and 8 only, describe the main patterns of the visits made the park. 1 less than 1 hour 1 2 hours 2 3 hours Length of visit over 3 hours (b) The data on which the diagrams in Figures 6, 7 and 8 is based, was collected many years ago. On their field studies in the market wn, Geography students were asked collect data show the same information for the present time. This information was be collected by interviewing visirs in the park. The authorities would not allow interviews be held at the entrances the Park or within 1 metres of an entrance. Figure 8 (i) Pretend you are one of the students taking part in the field survey. Explain which location you would have recommended for the interview take place. Use the plan of the park, Figure 5, show your recommendation. (6) (ii) At the time of the survey, the number of visirs the park was considerably more than the number of visirs during the previous survey. Describe and justify the method you have recommended for selecting visirs be interviewed at the location you have stated in (b) (i). (5) (iii) List details which, in your opinion, should have been recorded at each interview with visirs the park. Also, state the questions which visirs were asked obtain the information required. (6)