Sec 5.2. Mean Variance Expectation. Bluman, Chapter 5 1

Transcription

1 Sec 5.2 Mean Variance Expectation Bluman, Chapter 5 1

2 Review: Do you remember the following? The symbols for Variance Standard deviation Mean The relationship between variance and standard deviation? Bluman, Chapter 5 2

3 5-2 Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Expectation MEAN: X P X VARIANCE: X P X Bluman, Chapter 5 3

4 Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Expectation Rounding Rule The mean, variance, and standard deviation should be rounded to one more decimal place than the outcome X. When fractions are used, they should be reduced to lowest terms. Bluman, Chapter 5 4

5 Chapter 5 Discrete Probability Distributions Section 5-2 Example 5-5 Page #260 Bluman, Chapter 5 5

6 Example 5-5: Rolling a Die Find the mean of the number of spots that appear when a die is tossed.. X P X Bluman, Chapter 5 6

7 Chapter 5 Discrete Probability Distributions Section 5-2 Example 5-8 Page #261 Bluman, Chapter 5 7

8 Example 5-8: Trips of 5 Nights or More The probability distribution shown represents the number of trips of five nights or more that American adults take per year. (That is, 6% do not take any trips lasting five nights or more, 70% take one trip lasting five nights or more per year, etc.) Find the mean.. Bluman, Chapter 5 8

9 Example 5-8: Trips of 5 Nights or More X P X Bluman, Chapter 5 9

10 Chapter 5 Discrete Probability Distributions Section 5-2 Example 5-9 Page #262 Bluman, Chapter 5 10

11 Example 5-9: Rolling a Die Compute the variance and standard deviation for the probability distribution in Example X P X , Bluman, Chapter 5 11

12 Chapter 5 Discrete Probability Distributions Section 5-2 Example 5-11 Page #263 Bluman, Chapter 5 12

13 Example 5-11: On Hold for Talk Radio A talk radio station has four telephone lines. If the host is unable to talk (i.e., during a commercial) or is talking to a person, the other callers are placed on hold. When all lines are in use, others who are trying to call in get a busy signal. The probability that 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 people will get through is shown in the distribution. Find the variance and standard deviation for the distribution. Bluman, Chapter 5 13

14 Example 5-11: On Hold for Talk Radio , Bluman, Chapter 5 14

15 Example 5-11: On Hold for Talk Radio A talk radio station has four telephone lines. If the host is unable to talk (i.e., during a commercial) or is talking to a person, the other callers are placed on hold. When all lines are in use, others who are trying to call in get a busy signal. Should the station have considered getting more phone lines installed? Bluman, Chapter 5 15

16 Example 5-11: On Hold for Talk Radio No, the four phone lines should be sufficient. The mean number of people calling at any one time is 1.6. Since the standard deviation is 1.1, most callers would be accommodated by having four phone lines because µ + 2 would be (1.1) = = 3.8. Very few callers would get a busy signal since at least 75% of the callers would either get through or be put on hold. (See Chebyshev s theorem in Section 3 2.) Bluman, Chapter 5 16

17 Expectation The expected value, or expectation, of a discrete random variable of a probability distribution is the theoretical average of the variable. The expected value is, by definition, the mean of the probability distribution. E X X P X Bluman, Chapter 5 17

18 Chapter 5 Discrete Probability Distributions Section 5-2 Example 5-13 Page #265 Bluman, Chapter 5 18

19 Example 5-13: Winning Tickets One thousand tickets are sold at $1 each for four prizes of $100, $50, $25, and $10. After each prize drawing, the winning ticket is then returned to the pool of tickets. What is the expected value if you purchase two tickets? Gain X Probability P(X) $98 $48 $23 $8 - $ E X $98 $48 $ $8 $2 $ Bluman, Chapter 5 19

20 Example 5-13: Winning Tickets One thousand tickets are sold at $1 each for four prizes of $100, $50, $25, and $10. After each prize drawing, the winning ticket is then returned to the pool of tickets. What is the expected value if you purchase two tickets? Alternate Approach Gain X Probability P(X) $100 $50 $25 $10 $ E X $100 $50 $ $10 $0 $2 $ Bluman, Chapter 5 20

21 On Your Own: Technology Step by Step page 269 Exercises 5-2 Page 267 # 3,9,13 and 15 Bluman, Chapter 5 21