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1 ! "# $ %& ' ()! *.!! " (" ,/.!, $ :8! ' 56 % '.; <= ( >2 '" " = 2 8 ' ".,A ' B = & >2 ". &" " ". $ ' & >2 C.6)A 1. & ' ()! "# $ % 2. ' * +. ' * + 3 &$ % 65

2 !!, -./ &0 :& * "# -./ 23! "# 1! 4 -./ &8 9: 9 "# % ' * -<! = A % /' B ;'./ -4%!! D - - C C # 9. * 4 <./ F$ D # G + H$ $!.' "# 23 4 K/ & K/ K/ ) :!.,, 4B 2.( K/ /- K/ # 9< ;' M : % * " K0 MA % ' - - O '.# *' #, 38 : F8 2-1 &-4 : &-4./ K0!! -./ < : &-4./ (P./ Q&#./ Q./ Q4 %./ %Q-R3../ Q*./ Q'.8 + S- :&-4 :./ : 3-1 ' (1) + 9#!! -./, 2T; : (A + (? 4!! (? 4 & D 66

3 (1 %; ) % ( F* :(1) %; ( % F = %; 6# = A & %;! = 6J %; * %; 2#A! :!8 = :. ;4 <./ ;! :-./ &0 3. D ( H$! K.; & *- 0! H! -./ &0! H. O* H #?4.# :K0, 67

4 !!, -./ &0 : * ' : * (2) %; ( 8 68

5 :(2) %; ( B 69

6 !!, -./ &0 H$ -./ D <! % 7#? ' &; K0 MA ;! < B Q@% 4 '! = #!,4.< 4 B #Q./ 3 &#./ % ' Q! K./ F$." * 9 +; K0 MA ' 0 9 % 9# -./ ;! *- (3) + :!!.(3 %; ) 8 3= * :(3) %; ( 7=) K $ * K ' F $ (= =8 K $ (= =8 K, $ $ 9 %L! <. ( %! '; ( %. 3= 2 ; $ B (= * ; # = B9 %, 3&, =8 K *8 K K8 8 =! 3= ' = B9 %, ' 8 K 3 6 K ;= K N 8 K =.. M9 70

7 : (& 3 :(4) +!!! -./ <. (&. :(4) %; ( 67 & & + ' + P (& &! $ O! $ (! (& $ % A B (& B (& 3& =? 3 (& (A 0 %;A ' 0 ' 6 3!' 3! 4 -./ < C% 7#? & <! K/ >4 % Q!7 K 6-4 ' 6?3! Q./, - B ' -:3.$ 7!# 71

8 !!, -./ &0./ 9 D.- # % & H K -4 ; QH$,4.! 4 -./ < ' % 9..-./ < % K0 ; -:3 &! >4 : '*! -./ ;4,4 '%!! B ;4 '% 4 '.(/- K/ ) < Q' % B % /? + M# './ <.3 "# 6< 6 & ' % 9.# Q( +-?:8 '# : -./ '% % 7# ' M% 0, K/ =3 # 3 D.7!# + < O 72

9 K 3 9 /, 9# (.+- (5) + :;4 ' (13 %; ) K8 $ 6 ; :(5) %; ( ; O2 $9 6# P98 6J 6# =) 8... ( ),! : ( #),! : (* 6# = 8 = 8 8 : " <- 4B :! % % &-4 -./ ' # 0 ' # -./ ;/ + <! $ Q 9./ ' # Q(6) +! ' Q%!! #' & K/ 4 / 4 K/ +% &, - :(1) + '! ' O*.' 73

10 !!, -./ &0 $ %;8 ' 0! (6) %; ( 74

11 "# / !"# $!% &'% () *+)+-. /!-. 01 $# %&' "()*. $ %;8! :(1) %; ( : P O./U' 3000=;! './ ' < 1 H$ //U' 1.33 # 6WX- -./ ' < ! F$! &YX % K // U' ' &-4./ < 3 %25 =; -./ 0 &-4./ < 4 6/U' 700 =;! F$ &-4./ ' < 5 &-4 -./ K%./ ' 6 75

12 !!, -./ &0 : " +#! #!! -./ 6=; +# )! & K/ 7!# :(7) +! ' K/ +#! -./. = (7) %; ( %; = P S % '! ;= ( ;= (M ;= M ( $ ( B B (= 3 %3 T 1988 = ( ' %15 ';= ' = A ( B B (= 3 %3 ( T 3 %3 T T = ( ' %10 = %! & ; = ) ;= + 3& = = 3 (? ;= = M T ;= = = (A H$', 4 # F$ + 7#?.;R >4 K0 MA & K/ +# 3/4 &# 4 ' 2T; 3 # F$ 6?3! Q'. 76

13 P.V.C. H? K &-4 -./ = #B 67 K0 MA./ F$ # )! Q< ' K #.'. B.;:?-! -./ +# K.%. 4 O* - Z (8) + Q< -! < ;' < 1999?.<! & ;.' 3. 2% H$' )1999 % ) ;= ' &, ' * :(8) %; (.(6 %; 5 Mn Cr Zn Cu Pb Ni Co Cd Hg :(6 %; )-./ # Benzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro- (SIM) Benzene, 1,2,3,5-tetrachloro- (SIM) Benzene, 1,2,3-trichloro- (SIM) Benzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro- (SIM) Benzene, 1,2,4-trichloro- (SIMt Benzene, 1,2-dichloro- (SIM) Benzene, 1,3-dichloro- (SIM) Benzene, 1,3-dimethyl-Benzene, l,4-dichloro-(sim) Benzene, chloro- (SIM) Benzene, ethyl- Benzene, hexachloro- (SIM) Benzene, pentachloro- (SIM) 77

14 !!, -./ &0 <,.< +#?:).% < 7 % H$.* &#.B! < -./ # (2) + '.2003 K # ' GHI JKL (10 %; ) 8 = :(2) %; ( :! =& & : # <-!! &-4 -./ 0 : Z 95 6*. 4 ' 2; 3! 1./ # # ' < " > *' < '.' K % &, M # 78

15 &-4 -./ *- < [3 (9) + 79

16 !!, -./ &0 :% 7#? # < '0 Q./ 2% 7 O Q.;: O B :(?' K0 > # B 3/4 R =8 /' QC0!!3)./.# 9# / 4.! C% '., R,4. -./ 2% D O M# M# # <- )! H$' # 3.;: O *; K # % &-4 :(10) +! 7 ' 6* G 8,.P.A. A. 3= U,T = :(10) %; (?= (= & M-100 * ',T $!T B & :(PYROLYSIS-OXIDATION) (8 %; ) Total Dioxins / Furans US PA mission Limits for New Small HMIWI Units M100 Bio-Oxidizer Tested February 1999 Units M100 Bio- Oxidizer as % of US PA ng/dscm ng/dscm 4.99% Cadmium mg/dscm mg/dscm 0.4% Lead mg/dscm mg/dscm 0.7% Mercury mg/dscm < mg/dscm 0.1% Particulate mg/dscm 3.23 mg/dscm 4.7% HCl ppmdv ppmdv 20.0% CO ppmdv 7.60 ppmdv 19.0% NOx ppmdv 98.1 ppmdv 39.2% SO ppmdv 0.80 ppmdv 1.5% 80

17 !! &-4 -./ ' C% O 6* 3! (?' M# M# # ' +# :.<.! F$ 9 8 ;' &#! F$ - 3/. :;= # & * T * ' ; & R /' ( ' ; + ; ) =8 /' : /' 3. B % M;' ' (?' +# : < /' 9# $0!.%. 9# (11) +! O* )! M;'. "? +% ;' /' % 2000! ' &#.B.(11 + ) ;'? /' 81

18 !!, -./ &0 %; ) 6)A & *T * ' ; & :(11) %; ( / ABCDZ[GH AIGJKFGH LMNOPGH QMGJRST UHVJFWPXYH MN QP 90 $ $ / $ 1.00 $ $ ikr' ( Sw i' l*h M op]) HmZ$n - orr - d rw - ji (uv el - ecr.(12 / ABCDFGH AIGJKFGH LMNOPGH QMGJRST UHVJFWPXYH MN QP 550 $ $ / $ 0.52 $ $ Sw ikr' ( i' l*h M d op]) HmZ$n q^t - ) I' - dlj - "Jr gs] (uv el - typ 2.99 $ $ 8271 $ $ $ $ $ $ :^' XY&] RV V` abc`uad') XY&] J#'- (de^ ah e W' fm ]- M gmy]- &e RV- /XR /h XY&Z ijk(' XRV gn] $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ :^' XY&] RV V` abc`uad') XY&] J#'- (de^ ah e M W' fm ]- gmy]- XY&Z &e RVijk(' /XR /h XRV gn] $ $ %12) HJU RV + XY&Z M W' (W'\] 0.17 $ $ W' %12) HJU RV (W'\] + XY&Z M 4.51 $ $ R STU 1.43 $ $ R STU # ' ' C3/4 ' : ' /' D/ % :7=).(%20 ] # K. ) ] ' :@= V. :_$X0!! -./ &0! 4 H., 9# % 9# -./ ;! B -1. # &8 &# '? '%!./ D -2.6#% 6 Q[#, : ' K/ 4 -./ < &-4 -./ ;4,4 '% H. -4. # 82

19 $ #! -./ =; -5 H$ K 9 D, 4 6 3/4 &#.* 3% P.V.C. H? 9 K # &-4 -./ # * 6-4 ' *;. / /U' 1.33 ' -./ ' -7. / /U' 0.33 &-4 -./ ' -8 # (?' ' * <, *- -./ ' -9.M#. "? # 6/' +% M;' ' &-4 -./ /' -10.M;' : ' /' : * 4 K #, -./ &8 ' 7 D3 : P "# -./ &0 -! D O - 1. Z 9.##, *-, -./ ;! % K 'P 2,4.0 %.$ Q,4.# '% 4 K 'P 3. # K ;4 ' - '! -./ # ;4 '% &3 4 # 9 ' 6; ' % K K/ = >4 M;'../ F$.* <, *- # <- 5.-./! M# # <- (?' <- 6.6' 63/4 -./ ;' 7 83

20 !!, -./ &0 Reference 1.Avogadro,A. and C., Ragaini (1994). Medical waste Treatment, Brussels and Luxembourg: Technologies for nvironmental cleanup, Toxic and Hazardous waste Management, Netherland, New York, U.S.A., P British Standard 2646 Autoclaves for Sterilization in Laboratories, Port 1, 1993, Lomdon; ISBNO X. 3. Collins, H., Kennedy, A. (1994). The Treatment and Disposal of Clinical Waste, HHSC Handbook No. 13,P Gwyther, J. (1990). "Sharps Disposal Containers and Their Use", Journal of Hospital Infection, 15, Joosten, T., Zschernack, P.; Boldt, R.: ntsorgung infektiöser Kranlenhausabfälle. In: Ali M fit G RTUNA (2000).Das Krankenhaus 4/1994, S Labunska, I., Stephenson, A., (2000) "Heavy Metals and other Contaminants in Bottom and Fly Ash Generated by incinerators at Phuket, Thailand".Greenpeace Research Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, University of xeter, xeter X4 4PS, UK, P OSHA, Standard for Alternative Treatment Technologies for Disposal of Medical Waste, BSR/UL 2334, OXID-TCH, 9. Pruss, A, Giroult, and P, Rush brook (1999). Safe Management of wastes from Health-care Activities. WHO,Genev, Printed in HongKong, P angri, N. (2003), Waste Incineration: A Dying Technology, nvironmental Defense Fund, Washington, D.c: Island Press. 11. Tickell, O. and Watson, A. (1992). Hospital Waste: a case for treatment, Journal of Hospital Infection, 3, U.S. Medical Waste management and Disposal Markets. "Huge Impact on Alternate Sites Due To Stringent Regulatory nvironment", Frost Sullivan, Mountain View, California, Q1999 Q! -./ &8-13.* A &;.2005/1/2: K0 "# S 84