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2 ... * * ( -* %./.," ') The Influence of Cetain Stesses on Body Tempeatue Respiatoy Rate, and Pulse Rate in Awassi Sheep Nejes G, S. Moussa and Y. Masi ABSTRACT Ts study was conducted in Al-Shoola sheep Reseach Station wch located at the Syian stiff 40 km west Di Alzoo city in the peiod of Tty adult ewes 2.5 yeas old, 54 kg aveage weight, wee taken to detect the effect of heat and walking stess factos on body tempeatue, espiatoy ate, and pulse ate in Awassi sheep. Ewes wee andomly and eually divided into thee goups (A, B and C). Animals goup A was kept in the station unde a shade. They wee povided with feeds, wate and an assess to walk aound feely. Animals of goup B and C had a daily assess to the neaby, medium uality pastue. They used to walked fo about 5 k m (goup b) and 10 km (goup c) daily without any shade. The esults showed that a daytime and season significantly influenced (p80.05) in the studied paametes. The aveage body tempeatue in summe was 39.2±0.28, 39.5±0.25and 39.9±0.17 in A, B, C goups espectively. The espiation and pulse ates had the same esponses at noon peiod. The walking fo the long distance significantly (p80.05) affects on the studied paametes at the same time. In conclusion, it is necessay to an moe studied to estimate the negative influence of gh tempeatue and long distance walking on Awassi sheep poductivity. Key wods: Awassi Sheep, Pulse ate, Respiation, Body tempeatue, Seasonal vaiations. Dept. Anima. Pod., Fact. Agic., P.O. Box , Damascus Univ. Damascus, Syia. 342

3 D ( +, 23* ( 4,.'5 % ( % + 10 & =* ( ; <; 49 %*!..* (:.( *%&3) % ) >9 -%?@ =A*B = %* =*.(1985 ') > )%&.%?@: (.B *# % =* %* %!3 <&# (3 * )& ) 5 %& % ( >% %# - -%! %%$% - = E;.(2006 7?BD*$ C$ C* &%3 - * 5 % * = 2.%' %*: =* (' 3 CB%! * F3 G H <; CB% F* I' =# 4. Abi Saab) =A% *'.(1998 =$) % 2 %J* >9 ( +& )&2 * ( 4%./ % *& = (1995 7Sleiman * ( 4H 4 M: = 9. # %K L* >&J% ( -%K =.(1990?BD*$ Khalil) &J* % -# L* +% L* + M@ &!/ ) JN <; +# =* >&J * McDowell) =* ',.(2003 7?BD*$ Sikandakuma) 3%* O% ( %K C = <; (19827El-Banna Shebaita) 7(1976 7?BD*$ P5 9* # ( F5 L <; CB% %O* 2* )* C = <; (2000Q1999 7C*),.%% =3! ( *&* O J <; CB% <#* ( &%3 - * % 9 )3H R'& % % "J -% =$ J.*% 5 =% =$ J & %& J J :# >3.5 + P * ( *%,* % * %& %*% -%K. * <;?@: -: M@. ( )&2 * ' * * ( VD+2 3 3* ( < =% * *' # DJ?@: -@ O%& $ % ) ' 40 * <&# L2 ( =% E, * 23* $%* %%. S ; %#$ %*& S& * U3 =# # % * 4% * 130?! C3* 3: *# 3 * K S; =* 4 30 J. 255.V' 54 =$ 3 *

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7 =' F, >% (& ( 49 * =/ (1990 7?BD*$ Khalil)? O + *'.%* %&* 5 ( ( <&# 2%!/' =%3 & ( ( (1985 7Epstien.)? * L* # ', * L* % ao + *'.ZF, 4HJ* 4% 4* =' * = = <;, =%@ + ( =D* ( (1977 7?BD*$ Younis)? *,, - 2%!/' 98Q85 4% %9 ( =' * (c1963 7Eyal)? ** % (! ao -'.% * =,*, - >% ( # * V& S% =%3 & (.2%!/' ( 2%!/' ,* *, %* 5 +# =% 2* # (2003 7?BD*$ Sikandakuma) * = * (Meino) %* =*# 3& ( %&* ( & ( %2 =*! =' (* + # 1.3±65 O% ( 2%!/' 1.2±34 (* + # * V& * =* %! -' =% (.%, -% F. ( 2%!/' ( 2%!/' 2.5±128 2%!/' 2.1±50 K %* #.( <&# =%O%.' -' = (1993 7Sleiman Abi Saab) dj % =* % * =# a <&# -*&!/ % 5 =* %O% >9& *2* *9 -#. % * % ( - 5 =.' 2.4 * L* 42 ;.% LH L* FD% (&J (%$% * -3! ( -%& %9 # * %O* ( -%K =% ( () ()) #** =% %14 =' >% ( [ 9D C <&# -*&!/ 5 = C ( ) ()) =%#** =% %2 $.' 5 * 3! % * :$ % SD. -#** ( * ( %* + ao -9 4%* 4! M: = (3) 9%. =% % =* &J* -!5 ( DJ F * 9 g =% #** =*H * (0.05>P) * DJ 4% ( ).. #** ( & * <&#.&' #** ( & * < =% ( 2%! ( H 3.99±123 % ±61.4 -K& ( F, >%J (& ( g DJ () <5 (& =% %* + M: ='.( <&# 2%! ( H 4.93±

8 ... * * ( -* %./.," ') ao?@: +.()) () =%#** &' # F * g ( F, >%J S% ( Bhaat Meino # (2004 7?BD*$ Navi)? * L*! 3 * =' 49 >% ( [ d * <&# :# * O -'.2%! ( H 1.3±96.8 V& S% #? ** =% g C@ =%3 & ( # C@ * =* %!.(b1963 Eyal) 2%! ( H (SD ± X ) $ % 2"! -P (3) % KI" JF J 7 10 (A) %F 9.17± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±72.2 n l ik no gh 8.86±71.4 gh 8.86± ±103 p 4.62±68.9 efg 7.89± ±92.7 m 3.10±65.3 ed 3.83±65.9 def 7.69±83.2 l 8.53±101.5 op 12.31±96.8 n 7.61±89.9 m 8.16±89.3 m 9.11±78.7 k 9.46±78.4 k 9.10± ± ±96.7 n 4.89±60.7 ab 7.69±62.7 abcd 8.26±91.7 m 4.08±62.1 abc % 4.25±65.6 cde > 3.13±61.4 ad >0 6.39± ±59.8 bcd a I! 5.60± ±69.2 k fg G * 3 (! F (0.05>P) d * <&# C* + <; %, &J* >5 * ( %$ <; # ', %, #$ M: = ao -9 *' * 3 * V& 2 % * * %$ L* 49 % P L* 13±110 12±88 12±90 11±112 %9 * ( 4* SD. -#**& %* + -' ( <&# L% F, >%J >% ( 2%!/H 9 #** = (3) =* 9D%.% -! %2 L* 2* (0.05>P) =# 4DH -#** %2 L* 2* (0.05>P) 4%* 4# %9 * DJ %9 DJ =% #**?@ [ %* d * -! L32 *# 4%2 %14 % * L* %$% * = 9.4H% Abi Saab)? * L* ao?@: +.( ) ()) =%#** # ' 5 * ' 5.6 * % * = = ( # (1995 7Sleiman ( H 161 V?D C@ * =' % * %$ <; CB% 2%! ( H 123 K % ( -& *%! ' =* <&# =' 2%! ( P2 C 23* %3 ( >DJD M@ % * 49 >% ( Macathu) ao L* O + M@'.E, 23* % ( %& = 348

9 ( (' 3, L* $% & * = -b% ( (1979 F. ( % (!3 %$ M@ 3 %' Bighon <&# '% (* ( A%K C = *&# (!3 2* <&#.(2003 7?BD*$ Sikandakuma) -,B*.(2005 7?BD*$ Finoccao) [%@K ( =% '& %!!$!"1 * ) * %%$ -,B* = + ** a % F. ( * %./ - %K ( ( * =% * %&!D <; 49.>% ( %9 -! *A% E % * %2 S * =* E M@ [%; d * =% [* (%! C@ O% * 3, H % %; ( d*.%; ( (&.5 >%J O9 ( <#* ( %@K a* 349

10 ... * * ( -* %./.," ') REFERENCES G 5F.(2006).O %"8 X -* X X"< X 9..6 A!$8 -* '( ) % * # $)* A$ I*.329:(%E ) 1. $ $)E.12 A " 62.-/Q 3/"7*.' -2 '( $ & ".(1985)."7* # A$ '( '"$! IE, '$21 YD! (.(2003).. -" X-" 96".9381 :(1).(19). 3.'"$! % %0 J$5 $! > &$.'$ A!$T '( >!.(2000).-" /.,E #. U"* $.!" % '( $)E! 2! Q.$)E, ;! '+ T.(1999).-" /."7*.( 2$ '( $)E %..155 /Q 3/"7*. $)E ".(1996).-( 92.. & " 7.-7 G< $!.1998.Q@ 9- Al-Haiday Ahmed A. (2004). Physiological esponses of Naimey Sheep to heat stess challenge unde semi-aid envionments. Intenational Jounal of Agicultue and Biology.6: Abi Saab. S, and F. T. Sleiman. (1993). Effect of envionmental on pefomance adoption and duability of defeent sheep beed. Hanon: Abi Saab. S, and F. T. Sleiman. (1995). Physiological esponses to stess of filial cosses compaed to local Awassi sheep. Small Ruminant Reseach. 16: Epstein. h. (1985). The Awassi sheep with special efeence to the impoved daiy type. FAO.ome Eyal. E. (1963a). Shon and un shon Awassi sheep. Body tempeatue. J. Agic. sci. 60: Eyal. E. (1963b). Shon and unshon Awassi sheep.ii. pulse ate. J. Agic. sci. 60: Eyal. E. (1963c). Shon and unshon Awassi sheep. Respiation ate. J. Agi. Sci. 60: Finoccao R., 1 J. B. C. H. M. van Kaam, B. Potolano and I. Misztal. (2005). Effect of Heat Stess on Poduction of Mediteanean Daiy Sheep J. Daiy Sci. 88:

11 Khalil. M. H, H. H. khalifa, H. M. El-Gabbas, and M. Sh. Abdel-Fattah. (1990). The adaptive esponses to wate depivation in local and cossbed sheep. Egypt. J. Anim. Pod. 27: Macathu R. A., R.H. Johnson, and V.Geist. (1979). Factos influencing heat ate in fee-anging Bighon sheep. Can. J. Zool. 57: McDowell. R. E, N. W Hooven and J. K Camoens. (1976). Effects of climate on pefomance of Holsteins in fist lactation. J. Daiy. Sci. 59: Navi S. M. K, V. P. Mauya, R. Gulyani, A. Jos. J. P. Mittal. (2004). The effect of themal stess on supeovulatoy esponse and embyo poduction in Bhaat Meino ewes. Small uminant eseach. 55: Shebaita, M. K. and I. M. El-Banna. (1982). heat load and heat dissipation in sheep and goats unde envionmental heat stess. In: Poc. 6 th Int. Conf. On Animal and Poulty Poduction, held at Univesity of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt,21-23 Septembe.vol. 2. Egyptian Society of Animal Poduction, pp: Sikandakuma. A, E. H. Johnson and O. mahgoup. (2003). Effect of heat stess on espiatoy ate, ectal tempeatue and blood chemisty in Omani and Austalian meino sheep. Small Ruminant Reseach 49: Younis. A. A, F. Almahmoud, E. A El-Tawil and A. S. El-Shobokshy. (1977). Pefomance of heat toleance of Awassi lambs as affected by ealy sheaing. J.Agic. Sci. 89: Received 2008/05/ 28 3 U8 Accepted fo Publ. 2009/02/ 26 $ 3 %< 351

Education Assistance In your opinion is the cost to a student of a university education a good long-term investment or not?

Education Assistance In your opinion is the cost to a student of a university education a good long-term investment or not? In your opinion is the cost to a student of a university education a good long-term investment or not? Proportions/Means: Columns Tested (5% risk level) - A/B/C/D/E/F - G/H - I/J - K/L/M/O - N/O REGION