The Relevance of Economics in Economics in Health and Medical Care U.S. Medical Care: Crisis or Conundrum p. 1 Historical Developments in the

Transcription

1 The Relevance of Economics in Economics in Health and Medical Care U.S. Medical Care: Crisis or Conundrum p. 1 Historical Developments in the Delivery of Medical Care p. 2 The Nature of Medical Care as a Commodity p. 12 Ten Key Economic Concepts p. 13 Summary and Conclusions p. 15 Questions and Problems p. 17 References p. 18 The Medical Care Price Index p. 20 Using Economics to Study Health Issues p. 26 The Relevance of Economics in Health Care p. 26 Economic Optimization p. 31 Demand and Supply p. 34 The Competitive Model p. 50 Summary and Conclusions p. 57 Profile: Kenneth J. Arrow p. 58 Questions and Problems p. 59 References p. 61 Graphing Data p. 63 Statistical Tools p. 69 Analyzing Medical Care Markets p. 76 The Medical Care Marketplace p. 76 The Competitive Market Model p. 84 Market Failure p. 86 Market Failure in Medical Markets p. 95 Government Intervention in Medical Markets p. 105 Summary and Conclusions p. 111 Questions and Problems p. 112 Profile: Mark V. Pauly p. 113 References p. 114 The Economics of Consumer Choice p. 116 Production and Cost in the For-Profit Sector p. 121 Demand-Side Considerations Demand for Health and Medical Care p. 130 The Demand for Health p. 130 The Demand for Medical Care p. 145 Summary and Conclusions p. 163 Questions and Problems p. 164 Profile: Paul J. Feldstein p. 165 References p. 166 The Market for Health Insurance p. 170

2 Historical Setting p. 170 Private Insurance Demand p. 176 The Provision of Health Insurance in the United States p. 187 Medical Care for the Uninsured p. 190 Summary and Conclusions p. 198 Profile: Uwe E. Reinhardt p. 199 Questions and Problems p. 200 References p. 201 Supply-Side Considerations Managed Care p. 204 History of Managed Care p. 205 Types of Managed Care Plans p. 206 The Theory of Managed Care Cost Saving p. 212 Evidence of Managed Care Cost Savings p. 218 Evidence of Quality Differences Between Managed Care and Fee-for-Service Care p. 219 Managed Care and Its Public Image p. 220 Summary and Conclusions p. 222 Profile: William B. Schwartz p. 223 Questions and Problems p. 224 References p. 225 The Market for Health Care Professionals p. 228 The Theory of Labor Markets p. 228 The Market for Physicians' Services p. 235 Models of Physician Behavior p. 249 Controlling Physician Behavior p. 252 The Market for Nursing Services p. 256 The Market for Dental Services p. 258 Summary and Conclusions p. 261 Questions and Problems p. 263 Profile: Gary S. Becker p. 264 References p. 265 The Market for Hospital Services p. 269 A Brief History of American Hospitals p. 269 The U.S. Institutional Setting p. 275 The Role of the Not-for-Profit Organization in the Hospital Industry p. 284 Alternative Models of Hospital Behavior p. 288 The Trend Toward Multihospital Systems p. 291 Profile: Frank A. Sloan p. 294 Summary and Conclusions p. 295 Questions and Problems p. 296 References p. 296

3 Confounding Factors--SALT Sociocultural Considerations p. 299 The Nature of Societal Problems p. 299 AIDS in America p. 300 Consequences of Drug Abuse p. 308 The Economic Impact of Tobacco and Alcohol Abuse p. 313 Social Pathology p. 317 Summary and Conclusions p. 327 Questions and Problems p. 327 Profile: The U.S. Surgeon General p. 328 References p. 330 The Aging of the Population p. 333 The Aging Population p. 333 Medical Care Costs for the Elderly p. 337 Summary and Conclusions p. 345 Profile: Victor R. Fuchs p. 348 Questions and Problems p. 350 References p. 350 The Legal System and Medical Malpractice p. 352 Tort Law in the United States p. 353 The Function of Medical Malpractice Law p. 354 The Growth in Medical Malpractice Claims p. 355 Tort Reform p. 364 Summary and Conclusions p. 376 Profile: Patricia M. Danzon p. 377 Questions and Problems p. 378 References p. 379 Valuing Life in the Case of Wrongful Death p. 382 Technology in Medicine p. 385 The Diffusion of New Technology p. 386 The Case of Organ Transplantation p. 393 The Pharmaceutical Industry p. 401 Summary and Conclusions p. 418 Profile: Joseph P. Newhouse p. 419 Questions and Problems p. 420 References p. 421 Public Policy in Medical Care Delivery Policies That Enhance Access p. 424 Medicare: Medical Care for the Elderly p. 424 Medicaid: Medical Care for the Poor p. 433 Other Government Programs p. 442

4 Summary and Conclusions p. 446 Profile: John K. Iglehart p. 447 Questions and Problems p. 448 References p. 449 A Note on "Projections" p. 451 Policies to Contain Costs p. 453 Policy Options p. 453 Cost-Containment Strategies in the United States p. 460 Managed Care Strategies p. 472 Market Alternatives p. 472 Summary and Conclusions p. 475 Questions and Problems p. 475 Profile: John C. Goodman p. 476 References p. 477 Medical Care Systems Worldwide p. 478 International Comparisons p. 478 Canadian National Health Insurance: Medicare p. 483 France: Equality, Liberty, Fraternity p. 490 Germany: Sickness Funds p. 494 Japan: The Company Is People p. 498 United Kingdom: National Health Service p. 505 Summary and Conclusions p. 513 Profile: Anthony J. Culyer p. 516 Questions and Problems p. 517 References p. 518 Medical Care Reform in the United States p. 522 The Push for Reform p. 522 The Moral Issues: Is Medical Care a "Right"? p. 524 The Goals of Reform p. 526 Individual State Initiatives p. 529 Health Insurance Mandates p. 533 U.S. Policy Alternatives p. 540 Summary and Conclusions p. 557 Profile: Alain Enthoven p. 558 Questions and Problems p. 559 References p. 560 Lessons for Public Policy p. 563 Scarcity and Choice p. 563 Opportunity Cost p. 563 Marginal Analysis p. 564 Self-Interest p. 565

5 Markets and Pricing p. 566 Supply and Demand p. 566 Competition p. 567 Efficiency p. 567 Market Failure p. 568 Comparative Advantage p. 569 Final Reflections p. 569 Glossary p. 571 Index p. 579 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.