EQ: How Do Changes in AD and SRAS Affect Real GDP, Unemployment, & Price Level?
|
|
- Brianne Potter
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect So, what happens when changes? Increases in Consumption (C), Investment (I), Government Spending (G), & Net Exports (X) will: Increase Total Expenditures ( TE) Increase Aggregate Demand ( ) Right shift of the Curve Decreases in Consumption (C), Investment (I), Government Spending (G), & Net Exports (X) will : Decrease Total Expenditures ( TE) Decrease Aggregate Demand ( ) Left shift of the Curve EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect (CPI) The curve started here. Aggregate Market The curve moved to here. TE = C + I + G + X TE = -If C, I, G, or X increase, then TE will increase. -If TE increases, then will increase. -The curve will shift right. Economic Output ( ) EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect (CPI) The curve moved to here. The curve started here. Aggregate Market Economic Output ( ) TE = C + I + G + X TE = -If C, I, G, or X decrease, then TE will decrease. -If TE decreases, then will decrease. -The curve will shift left. EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect What happens when changes? Increases in Factor s, Decreases in Factor Productivity, & Adverse Supply Shocks will: Increase Production Costs ( TC) Decrease Short Run Aggregate Supply ( ) Left shift of the Curve Decreases in Factor s, Increases in Factor Productivity, & Beneficial Supply Shocks will: Decrease Production Costs ( TC) Increase Short Run Aggregate Supply ( ) Right shift of the Curve
2 EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect (CPI) -Production costs decrease when: -Factor s decrease. -Factor Productivity increases. -Beneficial Supply Shocks. -When production costs decrease, increases. -The curve will shift right. Aggregate Market The curve started here. Economic Output ( ) The curve moved to here. EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect (CPI) The curve moved to here. Aggregate Market -Production costs increase when: -Factor s increase. -Factor Productivity decreases. -Adverse Supply Shocks. -When production costs increase, decreases. -The curve will shift left. Economic Output ( ) The curve started here. EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect When income increases for consumers in an economy: Total Expenditures increases, Aggregate Demand increases, The curve shifts to the right. When there is a beneficial supply shock: Production costs decrease, Short-Run Aggregate Supply increases, The curve shifts to the right. When utility costs for businesses increase: Production costs increase, Short-Run Aggregate Supply decreases, The curve shifts to the left. When government spending decreases: Total Expenditures decreases, Aggregate Demand decreases, The curve shifts to the left. EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect On the aggregate market graph: is represented on the vertical axis. is represented on the horizontal axis. What about unemployment? Okun s Law and unemployment are negatively related. We can assume: If goes up, unemployment will go down. If goes down, unemployment will go up. So, changes in all 3 macroeconomic indicators can be observed and predicted observing changes on an aggregate market graph. Let s see how!
3 EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect Here s a summary of how changes in and affect, Unemployment, and the : Change Unemployment Rate Increases Increases Increases Decreases Decreases Decreases Decreases Increases Increases Decreases Increases Decreases Decreases Increases Decreases Increases This table shows the four possible changes in Aggregate Demand and Short Run Aggregate Supply as well as the effects of each change on the,, and the Unemployment Rate. EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect Let s say we have an increase in spending (Consumption, Investment, Government, or Net Exports): This would: Increase Total Expenditures Increase Aggregate Demand Shift the curve to the right This is a: Shift in a curve for the curve. Movement along a curve for the curve. The economic impact of this change: Increase in the (inflation goes up) Increase in (economic growth) Decrease in Unemployment EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect PL e PL e 1. Spending increases 2. TE and both Increase 3. Curve shifts right 4. The intersection point of the and Curves moves along the Curve up and right 5. Increases 6. Increases 7. Unemployment Decreases EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect Let s say we have a decrease in spending (Consumption, Investment, Government, or Net Exports): This would: Decrease Total Expenditures Decrease Aggregate Demand Shift the curve to the left This is a: Shift in a curve for the curve. Movement along a curve for the curve. The economic impact of this change: Decrease in the (decrease in inflation) Decrease in (economic recession) Increase in Unemployment
4 EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect PL e PL e 1. Spending decreases 2. TE and both Decrease 3. Curve shifts left 4. The intersection point of the and Curves moves along the Curve down and left 5. Decreases 6. Decreases 7. Unemployment Increases EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect Let s say we have a decrease in production costs (change in factor price/productivity or supply shock): This would: Increase Short Run Aggregate Supply Shift the curve to the right This is a: Shift in a curve for the curve. Movement along a curve for the curve. The economic impact of this change: Decrease in the (decrease in inflation) Increase in (economic growth) Decrease in Unemployment EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect PL e PL e 1. Production costs decrease 2. Increases 3. Curve shifts right 4. The intersection point of the and Curves moves along the Curve down and right 5. Decreases 6. Increases 7. Unemployment Decreases EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect Let s say we have an increase in production costs (change in factor price/productivity or supply shock): This would: Decrease Short Run Aggregate Supply Shift the curve to the left This is a: Shift in a curve for the curve. Movement along a curve for the curve. The economic impact of this change: Increase in the (increase in inflation) Decrease in (economic recession) Increase in Unemployment
5 EQ: How Do Changes in and Affect PL e PL e 1. Production costs increase 2. Decreases 3. Curve shifts left 4. The intersection point of the and Curves moves along the Curve up and left 5. Increases 6. Decreases 7. Unemployment Increases When income increases for consumers in an economy, the curve shifts to the right. Increase in Increase in When there is a beneficial supply shock, the curve shifts to the right. Decrease in Increase in When utility costs for businesses increase, the curve shifts to the left. Increase in Decrease in When government spending decreases, the curve shifts to the left. Decrease in Decrease in EQ: What is the Difference between Short Run & Long Run Equilibrium? Short Run Equilibrium The balance between & determined by the forces of aggregate demand () and short run aggregate supply () at a particular level of capital stock in an economy. Short-Run Equilibrium is the actual values of the and determined by and. These values can cause the economy to be in a recessionary gap or an inflationary gap (Lesson 2-9). EQ: What is the Difference between Short Run & Long Run Equilibrium? Long Run Equilibrium The state of the economy in which the forces of and cause to equal Natural. Long Run Equilibrium is rarely achieved by the actual values of and, but the actual values tend to move toward long-run equilibrium, usually passing it after reaching it. When the economy is in long run equilibrium: The economy is experiencing neither an inflationary gap nor a recessionary gap.
6 EQ: What is the Business Cycle? EQ: What is the Business Cycle? In an economy, the Business Cycle is the fluctuation in the short-run equilibrium (i.e., changes in ) which forms a regular pattern and occurs around the long-run trend path of economic output in an economy. The business cycle follows this pattern: 1. Expansion increase in economic activity in an economy (i.e., economic growth). 2. Peak maximum level of economic activity in a business cycle (the switch from expansion to contraction). 3. Contraction decline in economic activity in an economy (i.e., an economic recession). A depression is a particularly severe contraction/recession. 4. Trough minimum level of economic activity in a business cycle (the switch from contraction to expansion). ($) Peak Short-Run Equilibrium Time-Series Graph Peak Trough Time (Months, Years, etc.) Trough Long-Run Trend (Long-Run Equilibrium) EQ: How is the Business Cycle related to Natural? Remember that Natural is the ideal level of economic output. Output that is lower than Natural results in cyclical unemployment and stagnant economic growth. By the way, cyclical unemployment refers to the business cycle (i.e., unemployment due to a contraction). Output that is higher than Natural results in rising inflation and an overheated economy that can promise more extreme unemployment during the next Contraction. EQ: How is the Business Cycle related to Natural? So, Natural is the level of economic growth that an economy would have if there were no fluctuations at all. On the business cycle graph, that is shown as the Long-Run Trend (i.e., Long-Run Equilibrium). On a business cycle graph, the Long-Run Trend is the same thing as Natural. ($) Time (Months, Years, etc.) Long-Run Trend = Natural
7 ? An economy is in a recessionary gap when short-run equilibrium ( ) is less than the long-run trend of economic activity (Natural ), resulting in unemployment higher than the natural rate (cyclical unemployment). is less than Natural : Stagnant economy Unemployment increases (greater than Natural Rate) Measures need to be taken to stimulate the economy and bring back up to be equal to Natural. EQ: What is an Inflationary Gap? An economy is in an inflationary gap when short-run equilibrium ( ) exceeds the long-run trend of economic activity (Natural ), exerting upward pressure on prices in the economy (growing inflation). is greater than Natural : Overheated economy Inflation increases Unemployment rate lower than Natural Rate Measures need to be taken to cool off the economy and bring down to be equal to Natural. Identifying gaps on a time-series graph: Time-Series Graph Inflationary Gap Short-Run Equilibrium is higher than the Long-Run Equilibrium trend line. is greater than Natural Recessionary Gap Short-Run Equilibrium is lower than the Long-Run Equilibrium trend line. is less than Natural ($) Inflationary Gap Recessionary Gap Long-Run Trend = Natural Time (Months, Years, etc.)
8 Difference between contraction & recessionary gap: A contraction is the direction of the Short-Run Equilibrium curve ( decreasing). A recessionary gap is the position of the Short-Run Equilibrium curve relative to the Long-Run Equilibrium trend ( less than Natural ). Difference between expansion & inflationary gap: An expansion is the direction of the Short-Run Equilibrium curve ( increasing). An inflationary gap is the position of the Short-Run Equilibrium curve relative to the Long-Run Equilibrium trend ( greater than Natural ). Identifying gaps on the aggregate market graph: Inflationary Gap Short-Run Equilibrium is higher than the Long-Run Equilibrium trend line. is greater than Natural Recessionary Gap Short-Run Equilibrium is lower than the Long-Run Equilibrium trend line. is less than Natural Long Run Equilibrium = Long Run Aggregate Supply = Natural Long Run Equilibrium = Long Run Aggregate Supply = Natural Inflationary Gap Q N
9 Long Run Equilibrium = Long Run Aggregate Supply = Natural Recessionary Gap Q N Closing gaps: Economic policy is generally focused on closing recessionary and inflationary gaps so that the economy is operating in Long-Run Equilibrium. Closing inflationary gaps is simply an effort to decrease : Left shift of the or curve. Closing recessionary gaps is simply an effort to increase : Right shift of the or curve.
EQ: What happens to equilibrium price and quantity when there is a change in supply or demand?
EQ: What happens to equilibrium price and quantity when there is a change in supply or demand? The main thing that affects Supply is production costs. Costs of factors of production affect supply: Employee
More informationEQ: What are the Assumptions of Keynesian Economic Theory?
EQ: How is Keynesian Theory Different from Classical Theory? Classical Theory Supply-Focused (SRAS) Say s Law Economy is self-regulating Laissez-Faire Wages can go up or down Businesses will borrow & invest
More informationMonetary Policy Tools?
EQ: What is the Federal Reserve System? In the U.S., the Federal Reserve System was established in 1913 to discharge the function of a central bank and provide a strengthened framework of regulatory control
More informationArchimedean Upper Conservatory Economics, October 2016
Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The marginal propensity to consume is equal to: A. the proportion of consumer spending as a function of
More informationMacro CH 29 sample questions
Class: Date: Macro CH 29 sample questions Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The relationship between real GDP and potential GDP over the
More information2.2 Aggregate demand and aggregate supply
The business cycle Short-term fluctuations and long-term trend Explain, using a business cycle diagram, that economies typically tend to go through a cyclical pattern characterized by the phases of the
More information1. The most basic premise of the aggregate expenditures model is that:
1. The most basic premise of the aggregate expenditures model is that: A. The total output produced in the economy depends directly on the level of total spending B. The level of employment in the economy
More informationEquilibrium in AD-AS Model Problem Set
Equilibrium in AD-AS Model Problem Set 1. Describe the short-run effects of each of the following shocks on the aggregate price level and on aggregate output. Illustrate using a properly-labeled graph.
More informationPutting AD and AS together to get Equilibrium Price Level and Output. Unit 3: Aggregate Demand and Supply and Fiscal Policy
1 Unit 3: Aggregate Demand and Supply and Fiscal Policy 1 Shifters of Aggregate Demand = C + I + G + X Change in Consumer Spending Change in Investment Spending Change in Government Spending Net EXport
More informationFebruary 03, Chapter 10 AD_AS_Business Cycle.notebook. Chapter 10: Economic Fluctuations Pages ,
Chapter 10: Economic Fluctuations Pages 261 284, 288 291 Aggregate Demand (AD) the relationship between general price level and total spending in the economy. Four components that make up total spending:
More informationSuggested Answers Problem Set # 5 Economics 501 Daniel
1. Use graphs of IS-LM-FE and AS-AD models to explain why RBC models with productivity shocks and money-supply shocks fail to explain the pro-cyclicality of money growth and inflation. Inflation falls
More informationName: Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory II, Fall 2009 Instructor: Dmytro Hryshko Final Exam (35 points). December 8.
Name: Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory II, Fall 2009 Instructor: Dmytro Hryshko Final Exam (35 points). December 8. 1. (5 points) Suppose that the only shocks in the economy are changes in the assessments
More informationQuestions and Answers. Intermediate Macroeconomics. Second Year
Questions and Answers Intermediate Macroeconomics Second Year Chapter2 Q1: MCQ 1) If the quantity of money increases, the A) price level rises and the AD curve does not shift. B) AD curve shifts leftward
More informationObjectives AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY
AGGREGATE DEMAND 7 AND CHAPTER AGGREGATE SUPPLY Objectives After studying this chapter, you will able to Explain what determines aggregate supply Explain what determines aggregate demand Explain macroeconomic
More informationEQ: How Does a Recessionary Gap Close According to Keynesian Economic Theory?
Remember that a recessionary gap is a situation where is less than Natural. Natural can be shown on a graph with the s curve. If the intersects the angle line at a point to the left of where Natural intersects
More informationRoyal School of Administration. Macroeconomics
Royal School of Administration Macroeconomics Chapter 9 By Group 6 1. Chum Chamreun 2. Sok Piseth 3. Kith Sothearith 4. Sreng Vichhay 5. Lay Piden 6. Chheang Damy IS-MP: A Short-Run Macroeconomic Model
More informationCosumnes River College Principles of Macroeconomics Problem Set 6 Due April 3, 2017
Spring 2017 Cosumnes River College Principles of Macroeconomics Problem Set 6 Due April 3, 2017 Name: Instructions: Write the answers clearly and concisely on these sheets in the spaces provided. Do not
More informationAggregate to add up, aggregation usually implies that the things being added up are similar, but not exactly identical
Macro Short-Run AS/AD Model Essentials Up to this point, our discussions of unemployment, inflation, output, and income have revolved around how we measure these indicators of economic performance. Now
More informationβ? For what values of β will the solution
1 Class 4. Aggregate Supply 1) Consider the following aggregate demand and supply model: a) Aggregate demand: Y = F 2P (1) b) Aggregate supply: Y = Y + β ( P P) (2) c) Find out the equilibrium level of
More informationINTI COLLEGE MALAYSIA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION PROGRAMME ECO 183 : FOUNDATION ECONOMICS (MACROECONOMICS) RESIT EXAMINATION : AUGUST 2002 SESSION
ECO 183 (R) / Page 1 of 9 INTI COLLEGE MALAYSIA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION PROGRAMME ECO 183 : FOUNDATION ECONOMICS (MACROECONOMICS) RESIT EXAMINATION : AUGUST 2002 SESSION Section A : Answer ALL questions.
More informationLecture 22. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply
Lecture 22 Aggregate demand and aggregate supply By the end of this lecture, you should understand: three key facts about short-run economic fluctuations how the economy in the short run differs from the
More informationAggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand
Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand ECO 301: Money and Banking 1 1.1 Goals Goals Specific Goals Be able to explain GDP fluctuations when the price level is also flexible. Explain how real GDP and the
More informationCHAPTER 5: AGGREGATE DEMAND AND SUPPLY
CHAPTER 5: AGGREGATE DEMAND AND SUPPLY CIA4U Unit 3 Aggregate Models Why do changes in the aggregate demand and aggregate supply bring about changes in the price level and real GDP? Change in Aggregate
More informationEconomics. Output Gap. Unit 12.2A: Macroeconomic equilibrium. Разрыв ВВП
Economics Unit 12.2A: Macroeconomic equilibrium Output Gap Разрыв ВВП Remember If the distance between Q1 and Qf is a positive - "inflationary" GDP gap If the distance between Q1 and Qf is a negative -
More information1. What was the unemployment rate in December 2001?
EC2105, Spring 2002 Weekly Quiz 1 (January 16, 2002) 1. What was the unemployment rate in December 2001? 2. When the Fed meets later this month and decides whether to lower interest rates, it is conducting:
More informationMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Aggregate Expenditures Model McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Assumptions and Simplifications Use the Keynesian aggregate expenditures model
More informationLecture 12: Economic Fluctuations. Rob Godby University of Wyoming
Lecture 12: Economic Fluctuations Rob Godby University of Wyoming Short-Run Economic Fluctuations Economic activity fluctuates from year to year. In some years, the production of goods and services rises.
More informationLECTURE 18. AS/AD in demand-deficient Ireland: Unemployment and Deflation
LECTURE 18 AS/AD in demand-deficient Ireland: Unemployment and Deflation THE AGGREGATE SUPPLY CURVE Aggregate supply curve Each possible price level Quantity of goods & services All nation s businesses
More informationChapter 10 AD_AS_Business Cycle.notebook. May 08, Jun 16 9:29 PM. Jun 16 9:38 PM. Jun 16 9:50 PM. Jun 16 9:46 PM
Chapter 10: Economic Fluctuations Pages 261 284, 288 291 Aggregate Demand (AD) the relationship between general price level and total spending in the economy. Four components that make up total spending:
More informationTextbook Media Press. CH 27 Taylor: Principles of Economics 3e 1
CH 27 Taylor: Principles of Economics 3e 1 The Building Blocks of Keynesian Analysis Keynesian economics is based on two main ideas: a) aggregate demand is more likely than aggregate supply to be the primary
More informationAggregate Demand & Aggregate Supply
Aggregate Demand The aggregate demand () curve shows the total amounts of goods and services that consumers, businesses, governments, and people in other countries will purchase at each and every price
More informationProblem Set #5 Due in hard copy at beginning of lecture on Monday, April 8, 2013
Name: Solutions Department of Economics Professor Dowell California State University, Sacramento Spring 2013 Problem Set #5 Due in hard copy at beginning of lecture on Monday, April 8, 2013 Important:
More informationThe Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model
CHAPTER 27 The Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model The Theory of Economics... is a method rather than a doctrine, an apparatus of the mind, a technique of thinking which helps its possessor to draw
More informationPhases of the Business Cycle. Business Cycle. Business Cycle
Phases of the Business Cycle Business Cycle Definition: alternating increases and decreases in the level of business activity of varying amplitude and length How do we measure increases and decreases in
More informationAggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply The Learning Objectives in this presentation are covered in Chapter 20: Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply LEARNING OBJECTIVES
More informationIntroduction to Economic Fluctuations
Chapter 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 0 In this chapter, you will learn facts about the business cycle how the short run differs from the long run an introduction to aggregate demand an
More information1. When the Federal government uses taxation and spending actions to stimulate the economy it is conducting:
1. When the Federal government uses taxation and spending actions to stimulate the economy it is conducting: A. Fiscal policy B. Incomes policy C. Monetary policy D. Employment policy 2. When the Federal
More informationECON 3010 Intermediate Macroeconomics Chapter 10
ECON 3010 Intermediate Macroeconomics Chapter 10 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations Facts about the business cycle GDP growth averages 3 3.5 percent per year C (consumption) and I (Investment) fluctuate
More information4: AGGREGATE D/S & FISCAL POLICY
4: AGGREGATE D/S & FISCAL POLICY VOCABULARY (with some additional terms) Aggregate Demand curve that shows the amounts of real output that buyers collectively desire to purchase at each possible price
More informationAP Macroeconomics. Scoring Guidelines
2018 AP Macroeconomics Scoring Guidelines College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. AP Central is the official online
More informationPrinciples of Macroeconomics December 15th, 2005 name: Final Exam (100 points)
EC132.01 Serge Kasyanenko Principles of Macroeconomics December 15th, 2005 name: Final Exam (100 points) This is a closed-book exam - you may not use your notes and textbooks. Calculators are not allowed.
More informationChapter 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations
Chapter 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations facts about the business cycle how the short run differs from the long run an introduction to aggregate demand an introduction to aggregate supply in the
More informationMacroeconomics CHAPTER 15
Macroeconomics CHAPTER 15 Labor Markets, Unemployment, and Inflation PowerPoint Slides by Can Erbil 2006 Worth Publishers, all rights reserved What you will learn in this chapter: The meaning of the natural
More information7 AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND* Chapter. Key Concepts
Chapter 7 AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND* Key Concepts Aggregate Supply The aggregate production function shows that the quantity of real GDP (Y ) supplied depends on the quantity of labor (L ),
More informationThe Aggregate Expenditures Model. A continuing look at Macroeconomics
The Aggregate Expenditures Model A continuing look at Macroeconomics The first macroeconomic model The Aggregate Expenditures Model What determines the demand for real domestic output (GDP) and how an
More informationAggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Chapter 31 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Test B 1. Recession refers principally to a. below average real GDP growth. b. negative real GDP growth. c. below average inflation. d. negative inflation.
More informationDisposable income (in billions)
Section 4 version 2 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. An increase in the MPC: A. increases the multiplier. B. shifts the autonomous investment
More informationEcon 102 Exam 2 Name ID Section Number
Econ 102 Exam 2 Name ID Section Number 1. Suppose investment spending increases by $50 billion and as a result the equilibrium income increases by $200 billion. The investment multiplier is: A) 10. B)
More informationChapter 10 Aggregate Demand I CHAPTER 10 0
Chapter 10 Aggregate Demand I CHAPTER 10 0 1 CHAPTER 10 1 2 Learning Objectives Chapter 9 introduced the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Long run (Classical Theory) prices flexible output
More informationAggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Chapter 19 Copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department,
More informationAfter studying this chapter you will be able to
30 Monetary Policy After studying this chapter you will be able to! Describe Canada s monetary policy objective and the framework for setting and achieving it! Explain how the Bank of Canada makes its
More informationIB Economics The Level of Overall Economic Activity 2.4: The Business Cycle Activity
IB Economics: www.ibdeconomics.com 2.4 THE BUSINESS CYCLE: STUDENT LEARNING ACTIVITY Answer the questions that follow. 1. DEFINITIONS Define the following terms: Business cycle Contraction Economic growth
More informationAggregate Supply and Demand
Aggregate demand is the relationship between GDP and the price level. When only the price level changes, GDP changes and we move along the Aggregate Demand curve. The total amount of goods and services,
More informationPrinciples of Macroeconomics November 11th, Answer Key Midterm 2
EC132.01(02) Serge Kasyanenko rinciples of Macroeconomics November 11th, 2005 I. Multiple Choice Section (30 points). Select one correct answer. Answer all questions. 1. A stable inflation can be achieved
More information1 Figure 1 (A) shows what the IS LM model looks like for the case in which the Fed holds the
1 Figure 1 (A) shows what the IS LM model looks like for the case in which the Fed holds the money supply constant. Figure 1 (B) shows what the model looks like if the Fed adjusts the money supply to hold
More informationMankiw Chapter 10. Introduction to Economic Fluctuations. Introduction to Economic Fluctuations CHAPTER 10
Mankiw Chapter 10 0 IN THIS CHAPTER, WE WILL COVER: facts about the business cycle how the short run differs from the long run an introduction to aggregate demand an introduction to aggregate supply in
More informationPrinciples of Macroeconomics December 17th, 2005 name: Final Exam (100 points)
EC132.02 Serge Kasyanenko Principles of Macroeconomics December 17th, 2005 name: Final Exam (100 points) This is a closed-book exam - you may not use your notes and textbooks. Calculators are not allowed.
More informationAggregate Demand in Keynesian Analysis
Aggregate Demand in Keynesian Analysis By: OpenStaxCollege The Keynesian perspective focuses on aggregate demand. The idea is simple: firms produce output only if they expect it to sell. Thus, while the
More informationShanghai Livingston American School Quarterly / Trimester Plan 2
Shanghai Livingston American School Quarterly / Trimester Plan 2 Concept / Topic To Teach: Specific Objectives: Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Unit 3 Module 16 INCOME AND EXPENDITURES Comprehend the nature
More informationThe aggregate supply curve shows the relationship between the aggregate price level and the quantity of aggregate output in the economy.
Chapter 32 The aggregate supply curve shows the relationship between the aggregate price level and the quantity of aggregate output in the economy. GDP Deflator can be used as a measure of the price level
More informationEconomics 1012A: Introduction to Macroeconomics FALL 2007 Dr. R. E. Mueller Third Midterm Examination November 15, 2007
Economics 1012A: Introduction to Macroeconomics FALL 2007 Dr. R. E. Mueller Third Midterm Examination November 15, 2007 Answer all of the following questions by selecting the most appropriate answer on
More informationBusiness Cycle Measurement
Goals/Reading Business Cycle Fluctuations GDP Fluctuations Goals / Reading 1/ 17 Specific Goals: Identify regularities (and irregularities) in macroeconomic activity. Identify comovement in macroeconomic
More informationChapter 19. What Macroeconomics Is All About. In this chapter you will learn to. Key Macroeconomic Variables. Output and Income
Chapter 19 What Macroeconomics Is All About In this chapter you will learn to 1. Describe the meaning and importance of the key macroeconomic variables, including national income, unemployment, inflation,
More informationChapter 9 Chapter 10
Assignment 4 Last Name First Name Chapter 9 Chapter 10 1 a b c d 1 a b c d 2 a b c d 2 a b c d 3 a b c d 3 a b c d 4 a b c d 4 a b c d 5 a b c d 5 a b c d 6 a b c d 6 a b c d 7 a b c d 7 a b c d 8 a b
More informationUnit 3: Aggregate Demand and Supply and Fiscal Policy
Unit 3: Aggregate Demand and Supply and Fiscal Policy 1 Aggregate Demand 2 What is Aggregate Demand? Aggregate means added all together. When we use aggregates we combine all prices and all quantities.
More informationBusiness Cycle Theory
Business Cycle Theory Changes in Business Activity Economics, Unit: 06 Lesson: 01 Objectives 1.Describe phases of business cycle 2.Identify and explain the factors that cause business cycles 3.Analyze
More information9. CHAPTER: Aggregate Demand I
TOBB-ETU, Economics Department Macroeconomics I (IKT 233) Ozan Eksi Practice Questions with Answers (for Final) 9. CHAPTER: Aggregate Demand I 1-) In the long run, the level of output is determined by
More informationFree Response Answers
Free Response Answers 1. (1998 #1) The increase in government spending leads to an outward shift in aggregate demand. Given that the economy is at full employment, the price level increases. The effect
More informationChapter 11 The Determination of Aggregate Output, the Price Level, and the Interest Rate
Principles of Macroeconomics Twelfth Edition Chapter 11 The Determination of Aggregate Output, the Price Level, and the Interest Rate Copyright 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 11-1 Copyright 11-2 Chapter
More informationChapter 23. The Keynesian Framework. Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives (Cont.)
Chapter 23 The Keynesian Framework Learning Objectives See the differences among saving, investment, desired saving, and desired investment and explain how these differences can generate short run fluctuations
More informationBusiness Cycle Measurement
Business Cycle Measurement ECO 305: Intermediate Macroeconomics 1 Introduction 1.1 Goals/Reading Goals / Reading Specific Goals: Identify regularities (and irregularities) in macroeconomic activity. Identify
More informationArchimedean Upper Conservatory Economics, October 2016
Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Figure 6-2: DVD Market 1. Use the DVD Market Figure 6-2. The figure shows the weekend rental market for DVDs
More informationWebnote 228. Aggregate demand (AD) U-tube. Item hl sl Must Know Must know very well! Here are the details of what you need to know.
Webnote 228 2.2 Aggregate demand and Big Questions: 1. What factors cause changes (shifts + movements) in AS and AD? 2. What can the AS/AD model show in the macro economy?. Draw + explain the 2 schools
More informationFINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
AP MACROECONOMICS-2018 Name: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Instructions: DUE: Day of FINAL EXAM => Friday 12/21 st (1 st & 2 nd Periods) Thursday 12/20 th (4 th period) Section 1: PRODUCTION POSSIBLITIES FRONTIER
More informationFINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
AP MACROECONOMICS-2017 Name: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Instructions: DUE: Day of FINAL EXAM => Friday 12/22 nd (1 st & 2 nd Periods) Thursday 12/21 st (4 th period) Section 1: PRODUCTION POSSIBLITIES FRONTIER
More informationAll the graphs (and some other stuff) you need to know for Macro
All the graphs (and some other stuff) you need to know for Macro IGNORE THE LAFFER CURVE! Correctly drawing and labeling graphs is critical in answering the free response questions (FRQs). For an interactive
More informationAssignment 2 Deadline: July 2, 2005
ECON 1010C Principles of Macroeconomics Instructor: Sharif F. Khan Department of Economics Atkinson College York University Summer 2005 Assignment 2 Deadline: July 2, 2005 Part A Multiple-Choice Questions
More informationAP Econ Practice Test Unit 5
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST! AP Econ Practice Test Unit 5 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The marginal propensity to consume is equal to:
More informationChapter 10 Aggregate Demand I
Chapter 10 In this chapter, We focus on the short run, and temporarily set aside the question of whether the economy has the resources to produce the output demanded. We examine the determination of r
More informationTHE AD (AGGREGATE DEMAND) / AS (AGGREGATE SUPPLY) MACRO MODEL
THE AD (AGGREGATE DEMAND) / AS (AGGREGATE SUPPLY) MACRO MODEL Again, we visit the supply and demand framework. However, when applied to Macroeconomics, we use the following terms in setting up our graph:
More informationUse the following to answer question 15: AE0 AE1. Real expenditures. Real income. Page 3
Chapter 10 1. An example of an autonomous consumption policy is a policy that A) lowers tax rates to stimulate additional consumer spending. B) makes credit more widely available to consumers in order
More informationChapter 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations
art IV Business Cycle Theory: Short Run Chapter 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations Zhengyu Cai h.d. Institute of Development Southwestern University of Finance and Economics All rights reserved http://www.escience.cn/people/zhengyucai/index.html
More informationSyllabus item: 113 Weight: 3
Macroeconomics - 2.4 Fiscal policy Syllabus item: 113 Weight: 3 113. Sources of government revenue IB Question Explain that the government earns revenue primarily from taxes (direct and indirect), as well
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Econ 105 Study Questions #2: The AD-AS model and Money and Banking From the Kennedy Text: Chapter 5 pp 95-96 Media Ex. #3, #5, #7 Chapter 6 pp 118 N1, N2, N3 Chapter 8 pp140-41 Media Ex. #2, #3, #7, #11,
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam - Version A Name 1) Full-employment output is: A) the level of output that is produced when there is no voluntary unemployment. B) the level of output that is produced when the unemployment rate is
More informationVII. Short-Run Economic Fluctuations
Macroeconomic Theory Lecture Notes VII. Short-Run Economic Fluctuations University of Miami December 1, 2017 1 Outline Business Cycle Facts IS-LM Model AD-AS Model 2 Outline Business Cycle Facts IS-LM
More informationE-322 Muhammad Rahman CHAPTER-3
CHAPTER-3 A. OBJECTIVE In this chapter, we will learn the following: 1. We will introduce some new set of macroeconomic definitions which will help us to develop our macroeconomic language 2. We will develop
More information6. The Aggregate Demand and Supply Model
6. The Aggregate Demand and Supply Model 1 Aggregate Demand and Supply Curves The Aggregate Demand Curve It shows the relationship between the inflation rate and the level of aggregate output when the
More informationEcon 102 Exam 2 Name ID Section Number
Econ 102 Exam 2 Name ID Section Number 1. In a closed economy government spending was $30 billion, consumption was $70 billion, taxes were $20 billion, and GDP was $110 billion this year. Investment spending
More informationRetake Exam in Macroeconomics, IB and IBP
Copenhagen Business School, Department of Economics, Birthe Larsen Question A Retake Exam in Macroeconomics, IB and IBP Answers 4hoursclosedbookexam 14th of August 2009 All questions, A,B,C and D are weighted
More informationIntermediate Macroeconomic Theory II, Winter 2009 Solutions to Problem Set 2.
Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory II, Winter 2009 Solutions to Problem Set 2. 1. (14 points, 2 points each) Indicate for each of the statements below whether it is true or false, or elaborate on a statement
More informationPrinciple of Macroeconomics, Summer B 2017 Exam one
Principle of Macroeconomics, Summer B 2017 Exam one Name: (Please write your answer in the last page) Pather ID: 1) When goods and services are produced at the lowest possible cost, occurs. A) allocative
More informationPrinciples of Macroeconomics Economics 202 Spring 2010
Principles of Macroeconomics Economics 202 Spring 2010 Dr. Stuart Allen 334-3166 Office Hours: Before Class Department Office 462 Bryan E-mail: stuart_allen@uncg.edu PURPOSE This course uses market analysis
More informationMacroeconomics, Spring 2007, Exam 3, several versions, Late April-Early May
Name: _ Days/Times Class Meets: Today s Date: Macroeconomics, Spring 2007, Exam 3, several versions, Late April-Early May Read these Instructions carefully! You must follow them exactly! I) On your Scantron
More informationgraphing ad & as 25 Points Total
graphing ad & as 25 Points Total 2 Points Each (1 pt. for the graph, 1 pt. for the results) 1. AD increases (shifts right), consumer spending, inflationary gap 2. AS decreases (shifts left), government
More informationChapter 10/9. Introduction to Economic Fluctuations 10/8/2017. The chapter covers: Facts about the business cycle
Chapter 1/9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations The chapter covers: facts about the business cycle and Okun s Law an introduction to aggregate demand an introduction to aggregate supply in the short
More informationECON 330: Money and Banking HW 14 Solution
ECON 330: Money and Banking HW 14 Solution Based on Steven Zhang, edited by Alan Yang 22.5 As labor productivity grows, the long-run aggregate supply curve shifts to the right. This is because the existing
More informationIntroduction to Economic Fluctuations. Instructor: Dmytro Hryshko
Introduction to Economic Fluctuations Instructor: Dmytro Hryshko 1 / 32 Outline facts about the business cycle how the short run differs from the long run an introduction to aggregate demand an introduction
More informationDunbar s Big Review Sheet AP Macroeconomics Exam Content Area [Hubbard Textbook pages] (percentage coverage on AP Macroeconomics Exam) I.
Dunbar s Big Review Sheet AP Macroeconomics Exam Content Area [Hubbard Textbook pages] (percentage coverage on AP Macroeconomics Exam) I. Basic Economic Concepts (8-12%) Three Fundamental Questions [8]:
More informationPrinciple of Macroeconomics, Summer B Practice Exam
Principle of Macroeconomics, Summer B 2017 Practice Exam 1) If real GDP in a small country in 2015 is $8 billion and real GDP in the same country in 2016 is $8.3 billion, the growth rate of real GDP between
More information