Methodologies for the Crisis states in the Czech Republic

Transcription

1 Methodologies for the Crisis states in the Czech Republic MARTIN ŠUSTR MATĚJ PLUHAŘ RADOVAN SOUŠEK PAVEL FUCHS Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1203/5, Liberec 1, Czech Republic EVA NEDELIAKOVÁ Department of Railway Transport, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 1, Žilina, Slovakia ABSTRACT All human activities are realized with certain risk. However the crisis occasionally occurs. After crisis situation is necessary to confront with the coordinated approach. For coordination of aproachech is suitable Methodologies for crisis situation. Keywords: railway transport, crisis situation, threat, methodologies, law regulation 1 INTRODUCTION In the modern human society, all human activities are doing with a certain risk. Furthermore, all human activity is controlled by conditions. These conditions are usually laws and regulations. Transport is managed by laws and regulations, too. On the other hand, not only in transport, are regulations reduced occasion of a crisis situation. In an event of a crisis situation is a risk that too many regulations can make the slower flow of an aid or slower recovery to the situation for normal transport functioning. The same problem can be with a lot of subject in a process of crisis situation solving. The aim is to show, how (in current legislative conditions in the Czech Republic) could accelerate and simplify the procedure for the renewal of transport infrastructure LAWS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC FOR CRISIS STATES The analyzation plan if it a possible acceleration of the crisis situation solving. This analyses should be based on applicable laws (with an emphasis on the critical infrastructure). Analyse is based on laws: Constitutional law no. 110/1998, about security of the Czech Republic; law no. 222/1999, about defence of the Czech Republic; law no. 241/2000, Sb., about economic measures for crisis situations and about changing of related laws; law no. 240/2000, about crisis management and about changing of laws; law no. 239/2000, about integrated rescue system and about changing of related laws. These laws are primary deal with the problem of defence, safety and security and access to the crisis state. These laws establish the basic concepts and create the legal framework for solving of the crisis situations. The laws of the Crisis States is set of the planning measures for dealing with crisis situations and set responsibility of the solution of that. These laws are not complication for crisis situation solution. Moreover in the respecting of those laws, they are good starting point for solving of crisis situations and for simplifying the recovery process. The direction of the national legislative process and following accepted legal regulations which are conditioned by the National Transport Policy. The

2 basic objectives of transport policy are affected by many factors. The basic classification of rules which are affected by railway transport can be divided into four basic groups: international agreements and regulations; Law of the European Union; Law of the Czech Republic; Standards and regulations based on national laws and regulations which are related to railway transport. In the Czech Republic is necessary to deal with laws from the European Union (not only national laws). These laws regulate the legal framework for crisis situation in railway transport. The important law which dealing railway transport with crisis state relation include: Directive of the European Parliament and the Council no. 2004/49/ES from 29th April 2004 inter alia about railway safety of union members; Directive of the European Parliament and the European Council no. 2001/14/ES from 26 th February 2001 inter alia about safety certification; Conclusion of chapter All documents and regulations are still live documents which are based on new findings and development. The document is at regular intervals renew and regulate. This process (it could be sometimes lengthy), secures application of the new trends. Nowadays is possible to draw from currently valid laws and regulations. [4], [5], [8] 3 STATE METHODOLOGY FOR NON-MILITARY THREATS State methodology for non-military threats is a utility for identifying requirements and other details related to the processing of the Ministers Crisis Plans or Crisis Plans from Central Administrative authorities (including regions and municipals with extended powers). Last not least the Crisis plans are created by the Ministry of Transport for threat in the transport branch. Meaning of the word methodology is related with providing of unified and coordinated procedure during the Crisis Plans creating. The methodology is a utility for a Crisis Management. The Crisis plans from ministries and the Crisis plans from Central Administrative authorities (Regional Crisis plans, Crisis plans from municipals) are the basic planning documents. This document contains a summary of measures and procedures for the Crisis situations. These Crisis plans are designed for the formulation of condition to ensure preparedness on the Crisis situation and the Crisis situation solutions for the 243 Crisis management authorities (or other affected subjects). State methodology creates conditions for crisis measures and procedures which are set in the Crisis plans. It is used for Crisis management in the competence of Authority (or in intendancy territory). Moreover, every crisis can arise with a certain probability. The responsibility of those state methodologies is ensuring of normative guide for other levels of state management. This normative guide shows how to identify possible risk and how to analyse the threats which can cause a crisis situation (only in the intendancy territory). Structure of the typical plan, syllabus, and content of the plan arising from the state methodology Syllabus of the typical plan is created that it can cover all types of non-military threats. The fixed syllabus doesn t limit the creator but allows predetermined numbering skip or in more detail divide. This procedure is suitable for creating the methodology for typical threats in transport branch. Syllabus of typical plan is a follows: A summary description of the Crisis situation and possibilities of that occurrence in the State area of the Czech Republic; Impacts of the Crisis situation; A condition (requirements) for the Crisis situation solves; Limitation for the Crisis situation solves; Recommended typical procedures and measures for the Crisis situation solves; Documents including typical plan; Identification data about the processor. Methodology of typical non-military threats at the Ministry of Transport level with emphasis on the Critical Infrastructure The Objective of the typical plans is a sorting and unification of information about various types of non-military threats (kind of Crisis situations). It is a source of information for Crisis management, creating databases for information systems and data segmentation of reaction scenarios for the Crisis management authorities in the Czech Republic. The Object of the typical plan which is created by the Ministry of Transport is typical threat called Disruption of the functionality on the transport system in the large scale. The objective of the typical plan is not an evaluation of all Crisis situation types and their consequences on the transport network. But it wants for the Crisis (Operational) plans processors give the basic information for a crisis situation evaluating and provide guidance on the general types measures during the Transport network disruption caused by any Crisis situation. The emphasis of Crisis plans in terms of the needs of coordination procedures efficiency and effectiveness of

3 the proposed and standardised procedures for dealing with various types of a crisis situation is given by Synergies. From Specifications of the responsibilities for the development of typical plans for crisis situations follow that synergy between the Ministry of Transport and other central administrative authorities are required for this type of crisis: large-scale flooding and other large-scale natural disasters; radiation accidents and other accidents caused by selected hazardous chemical substances; other technical and technological large-scale accidents (fires, explosions, destruction of aboveground or underground parts of buildings,... ); disruption of food (drinking water or medical and pharmaceutical supplies) delivery in large-scale; etc. Conclusion of chapter In a planning is necessary cooperation of the individual processors which proceed crisis plans. Each processor can prepare plans with different access (despite the overseeing of the Ministry of Transport). There is necessary the final roofing from the Ministry of Transport. The ministry of Transport direct the individual steps of processors. [5], [6], [7], [8], [10], [12], [13] 4 DRAFT OF RESPONSIBILITY OF CREATING METHODOLOGY ON RAIL NETWORK Most of the railways in the Czech Republic are maintained and serviced by the Czech state national railroad operator and manager (SŽDC, s. o.). This organization can t be (by the European law) a train carrier (train operating company). In the case of recovery of the damaged railway infrastructure, it planned use services of other private companies. Future recovery must be pre-contracted. For the National, railroad operator must be created typical plan and Synergies, too. This typical plan and synergies could use the pre-contracted companies. Draft plan for the creation of the typical plan on a measures for general situations As an already mentioned there, the typical plan must be simple and understandable to all participants. The specific typical plan is based on already mentioned typical plan: 1. A summary description of the Crisis situation and possibilities of that occurrence in the State area of the Czech Republic. 2. Impacts of Crisis situation: 2.1. Damage of property: - evaluation how much in rail network disturbed Economic impacts: - there will evaluate the effect on freight transport (national economy); - later will be solved the financial loss of infrastructure manager and personal carrier (train operation company) loss Social impacts: - impact on passenger transport (especially on basic transport services in regions); - in the case of passenger rail transport, it is only unique cases (only lines with the very strong frequency of passengers); - there is the very important judgement of the solver Impacts on maintaining the necessary range of essential state functions during the Crisis situation on so-called critical rail network; 2.5. Other impacts. 3. Conditions (requirements) for solving the Crisis situations Legal conditions; 3.2. International conditions; 3.3. National conditions Other conditions Limitation for solving the Crisis situation. 4. The recommended type of procedures polices and measures to solving the Crisis situation. - Desired final state and focus of activity; 4.2. Responsibility of solving of the Crisis situation; 4.3. Principles of monitoring, information transfer, notification of the threat of the Crisis situation and ways of warning; 4.4. Type procedures and measures implemented at threat of the Crisis situation; 4.5. Type procedures and measures implemented during the Crisis situation; 4.6. Type procedures and measures implemented during the solving of the Crisis situation; 4.7. Type procedures and measures implemented in the stage of liquidation of consequences; 4.8. Requirement on extra forces and means; 244

4 4.9. Requirements on extra sources. - this part will be individually adapted to specific situations. 5. Support document for creating the type plan Expert data; 5.2. Technical data; 5.3. Organizational data. 6. Identification data about processor of that plan. 4.1 Conclusion of chapter The draft of the typical plan for disturbtion on railway network will be in some part different from the draft of the typical plan for authorities (Regional authorities, Municipalities, etc.). Very important is the fact that stay the idea for a simple and understandable document for solving the crisis situations. [3], [4] 5 POSSIBILITY OF THE METHODOLOGIES REPLACEMENT Replacement of the Methodologies in transport for Crisis situation look like an illogical step. But after depth analysis could be found, that methodology could be replaced by an information system which works with bound and branch algorithm. Bound and branches algorithm method are specific for linear (integer) programming. This algorithm will be work in the same steps like methodologies (steps which are write in 3.1 subchapter). Specification of new system The task is a continuous problem. There must be found the tree diagram which solution is a continuous mathematical problem, this continuous mathematical problem creates an upper limit, too. The lower limit is created by the approximated value. If all parameters integer number, it is optimal. That first step could create a problem because transport problems could not be described as a continuous mathematic problem in every time. In these cases, the algorithm could keep the process of that algorithm, too. In the second step is chosen the largest integral value and by that is chosen other two subtasks like a possible sequent (new branches). The one of the chosen subtasks is chosen like a branching vertex and the algorithm work anew to the end. The end of the algorithm is in the situation when is found integral number solution with continuous structure and another branching (in integral numbers and better solutions) is not acceptable. Working of algorithm After finding out of optimal option the result must be validated. Validation must be in accordance with experience and knowledge. This step is necessary due to specific nature during every crisis situation process. 245 The crisis situations are described very difficult. Unfortunately, the describing and changing of crisis situation process into mathematic models must be really precious. Very suitable for the exact description of crisis situations process is the fuzzy logic. Furthermore, the fuzzy logic is not suitable for the exact description of inputs in the crisis process. Moreover, any law which is presented in this paper doesn't know the possibility of using an algorithm for solving crisis situation (without methodologies). [6] 6 CONCLUSION To simplify and accelerate the removal of crisis there is no need to change existing processes. A necessary part of solving the crisis situation is a typical plan. The typical plan is a normative guide for solving a crisis situation. This guide must be simple and understandable in all levels of a crisis situation solving. The creation of algorithm for crisis situation solving seems to be very precious mean, but the input of another situation is different and the creation of automatic system is very difficult. All around the word is a problem with methodics (plans) for a crisis situation. The plans are precious (too wide) and unpractical for using during a crisis situation. Another extreme, it is too simple and it is not such helpful like more precious plans. The proposed solution could be suitable not only for the Czech Crisis Management but for another government all around the world. It will be suitable, that solving of crisis situations (even today) will be faster. The faster process could be ensured by the better organization without automatized approach. Automatized approach (with the high precision in the process) is a better solution (better that actual very good condition). 7 REFERENCES [1] Soušek R., Kasal R.: Automated complex information system for remote management of crisis the situation in rail transport, with emphasis on critical infrastructure; Normative guidance by Czech National Government; 58 p. (data mining) [2] Soušek R.: Transport in Crisis Situation; Pardubice: Institut Jana Pernera, 2008; 249 p.; ISBN (data mining) [3] Methodology of economic measures for Crisis situations: [online]; Available at: aspx; [ ] [4] Matuška, J.: The methodology for designing accessible public transportation; journal:

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