Paired Sample t-test

Transcription

1 Paired Sample t-test The table reveals that beneficiaries average monthly income has been increased after starting their project since we may say that borrowers, financial position have been improved after getting the loan. (See paired t test Statistics) The paired samples t test can be used to determine whether two means are significantly different from each other or not, when the two values for each sample are collected from the same individuals. In this study paired t test has been applied to examined whether the monthly average income before and after the loan are significantly different or not. In this connection following are the hypotheses and significant level are taken for the t -test. (i) H 0 : Income before loan = H 1: Income after loan (Null Hypothesis) (ii) H 0 : Income before loan H 1: Income after loan (Altr. Hypothesis) (iii) α=.05 (significant level) In this analysis SPSS (17 ver.) software is used and following results are obtained from each block. 223

2 Paired t-test statistics Blocks No of Std. df t Sig (p) Average monthly income borrowers deviation Bhabanipur Before Loan After Loan Gobardhana Before Loan After Loan Paka Betbari Before Loan After Loan Rupshi Before Loan After loan In the above paired t-test statistics, it is found that in every block, borrowers mean income have been increased after the loan and 'p' value is found less than the 'α' value. Following are the block wise comparison of 'p' value with α i.e (i) Bhabanipur : p(0.025)< α(.05) (ii) Gobardhana : p(0.031) < α(.05) (iii)paka Betbari: p(0.002) < α(.05) (iv) Rupshi : p(0.020) < α(.05) Since p value is less than the 'α' value, we reject our null hypothesis. Hence we may conclude that borrowers average income before the loan is significantly different with average income after the loan. 224

3 Table Self Opinion on repayment of loan, Amount of till date of survey. Number /Percent Bhawanipur Gobardhana Paka Betbari Rupshi Total 1.Opinion on Repayment of loan a) Satisfactory % b) Irregular % c) Defaulter % 58% 90% 58% 48% 63.5 % Total of Beneficiaries If Irregular and Defaulter a) Redemption of old debt % b) Unwillingness to repay % c) Higher family consumption % d) Inadequacy of income % Total of Beneficiaries Amount of loan a) 100% % b) 99% - 91% % c) 90% -76% % d) 75% - 51% % e) 50% - 26% % f) Up to 25% % g) No % Total of Beneficiaries

4 Regarding self opinion on repayment of loan, 58 %, each borrower from Bhabanipur and Pakabetbari, 90% of Gobardhana, and 48% of Rupshi block are defaulter. Redemption of old debts and higher family consumptions are the main reasons for the non repayment of loan. It also observed that 68% borrower of Gobardhana, 28% of Bhabanipur, 24% of Pakabetbari and 18% of Rupshi block have shown hundred percent till the date of survey. Table Opinion on services rendered by the Bank. 1.Opinion on service rendered by SBI Number /Percent Bhawanipur Gobardhana Paka Betbari Rupshi Total Poor % Satisfactory % Good % Very good % Total of Beneficiaries Opinion on Bank loan a) Period of repayment should extended b) Loan should be adequate and timely c) Procedure should be simplified d) Loan should be available as early as possible Total of Beneficiaries % % % %

5 The opinion on SBI is listed in the above table. About 72% beneficiaries of Pakabetbari, 60% of Rupshi, 42% of Bhabanipur and 36% of Gobardhana block said that services of the SBI is good. Regarding opinion on bank loan, different type of opinion of the borrower listed in table no However there is a maximum demand for extending the period for repayment of loan which is found in the Rupshi (88%) block. Table Block wise frequencies of non borrowers with bank account status. Blocks Non Borrowers have Bank Account Non borrowers have not Bank account Total no. of Non borrowers Bhabanipur 20 (80%) 5 (20%) 25 Gobardhana 18 (72%) 7 (28%) 25 Paka Betbari 16 (64%) 9 (36%) 25 Rupshi 16 (64%) 9 (36%) 25 Grand Total Table indicates that 80% non borrowers of Bhabanipur block have at least one bank account followed by Gobardhana (72%) and 64% each from Paka Betbari and Rupshi block respectively. As a whole it is about 70% of non borrower have bank account in selected blocks of Barpeta district. 227

6 Table: Frequencies of non borrowers who have plan for loan in future with bank account status Blocks Non Borrowers have Bank Account Interest for loan in future (A) Bhabanipur 20 (100%) Gobardhana 16 (88.9) Paka Betbari 15 (93.8%) Rupshi 14 (87.5%) Grand Total 65 (92.9%) Not Interest for loan in future (B) Total Non borrowers have not Bank account Interest for loan in future (C) Not Interest for loan in future (D) Total (60%) 2(40%) 5 2 (11.1% ) 1(6.3% ) 2 (12.5% ) 5 (7.1%) 18 3(42.9) 4(57.1%) (22.2%) 7(77.8%) (33.3%) 6 (66.7%) (36.7%) 19(63.3% ) 30 Among the non borrowers it is found with at least one bank account of SBI, in Bhabanipur Block 100% of them given interest for loan in future followed by Paka Betbari (93.8%), Gobardhana (88.9%), and Rupshi (87.5%) respectively. As a whole it is 92.9% of non borrower with bank account given interest for loan in future. Again among the non borrowers, who have not any bank account it is found that in Bhabanipur Block 40% non borrower given interest for loan in 228

7 future, followed by Gobardhana (42.9%), Rupshi (33.3) and Paka Betbari (22.2%) respectively. However, as a whole it is only 36.7% of non borrower who have not any bank account given interest for loan in future. 229

8 5.5 Calculation of Outreach: It is a sum of non borrowers who have given interest for loan in future. Outreach = Column (A+C) [Ref. table ) The following table shows the block wise outreach persons. Table: Block wise calculation of outreach Blocks OUTREACH = Interested for loan in future ( Both Bank a/c holder and non a/c holder) Not Interested for loan in future ( Both Bank a/c holder and non a/c holder) Total no. of Non- Borrowers Bhabanipur 23 (92%) 2 (8%) 25 Gobardhana 19 (76%) 6 (24%) 25 Paka 17 (68%) 8 (32%) 25 Betbari Rupshi 17 (68%) 8 (32%) 25 Grand Total 76 (76%) 24 (24%) 100 Table shows the block wise calculation of outreach. It is found that highest percentage of outreach found in Bhabanipur (92%) block followed by Gobardhana (76%) and 68% each from Paka Betbari and Rupshi block. As a whole, 76% outreach found in the selected blocks of the district. 230

9 Diagram 5.5.1(A) Pie diagram of outreach of the non beneficiaries of the selected blocks. Not Outreach 24% Outreach 76% 5.6 Bank Management View As stated earlier in this chapter the bank personnel of the Howly ADB was interviewed. A questionnaire was put before him to get the information in connection with the policy execution and different problems faced in management of the branch. The information revealed that the ADB of SBI in respect of management by no means few or simple. During the discussion with the bank personnel he reported satisfactory view on the position of deposits and the prospects of the existing structure of SBI are excellent. Again in connection with the infrastructure, transport, communication, 231

10 coordination among the employees of the bank is satisfactory as informed by the bank personnel. However, question was raised as to why the bank takes much time in sanctioning and disbursement of loan to the customer; he informed no reason other than understatement of particulars of the borrower. On the other hand, the bank management is also facing the problems with regards to sanction and disbursement of loan to them and also recovery of the same as well. As the information revealed by the bank personnel that the loan amount cannot used by the borrower due to wrong selection of project and also ill intention of the borrower. Again the recovery of loan is also not so much to the expectation either for misutilisation of credit or interference by the influencing person in the locality. 232