Electroic Commerce Defiitio of E-Commerce Use of electroic systems to egage i commercial activities 1
Goods ad services bought o-lie Travel tickets Holidays Books Cocert/festival tickets Clothes Electroic goods CDs DVDs Ciema tickets Music dowloads Isurace Toys Global access Advatages Efficiet 2
Disadvatages Dematerializatio Legal ucertaity E-Commerce Cotract law Privacy Market law E-Commerce Itellectual Property Taxatio Private iteratioal law 3
Types of E-Commerce Accordig to the object of commerce Goods Services Itagibles Accordig to the parties ivolved B2B, B2C, C2C Iteratioal Cooperatio Private sector goverace laissezfaire, practical, efficiet, competitive solutios Itergovermetal goverace backed by political legitimacy 4
UNCITRAL Uited Natios Commissio o Iteratioal Trade Law Ehacig legal security ad commercial predictability for iteratioal cotracts UNCITRAL Istrumets 1996 UNCITRAL Model Law o Electroic Commerce 2001 UNCITRAL Model Law o Electroic Sigatures 2005 UN Covetio o the Use of Electroic Commuicatios i Iteratioal Cotracts 1980 UN Covetio o Cotracts for the Iteratioal Sale of Goods (CISG) 5
UNCITRAL No-discrimiatio Techological eutrality Fuctioal equivalece WIPO World Itellectual Property Orgaizatio 1996 Copyright Treaty WPPT Performaces ad Phoograms Treaty Joit recommedatio o the protectio of marks ad other sigs o the Iteret 6
Hague Coferece o Private Iteratioal Law Itergovermetal orgaizatio Uify private iteratioal law rules 1999 Draft Hague Covetio o jurisdictio ad the effects of foreig judgemets i civil ad commercial matters 2005 Hague Choice of Court Covetio (Not yet i force) ICANN Iteret Corporatio for Assiged Names ad Numbers No-profit, private-sector corporatio Techical coordiatio body for the Iteret Uiform Domai Name Dispute Resolutio Policy 7
WTO World Trade Orgaizatio Iteratioal orgaizatio that deals with the rules of trade betwee atios Successor of the Geeral Agreemet o Tariffs ad Trade (GATT) Work programme o electroic commerce DOHA Miisteral Declaratio 2001 OECD Orgaisatio for Ecoomic Cooperatio ad Developmet Build strog ecoomies, improve market systems, expad free trade Actio Pla for Electroic Commerce Taxatio, cosumer protectio ad privacy 8
Iteratioal Chamber of Commerce (ICC) ICC eterms 2004 ICC Guide to ecotractig EU Istrumets E-Commerce Directive Directive o Electroic Sigatures Distace Sellig Directive Cosumer Rights Directive Distace marketig of cosumer fiacial services Ifosoc (Copyright) Directive Directive o privacy ad electroic commuicatios Directive o processig of persoal data 9
E-Commerce Directive 2000/31/EC Act o Electroic Commerce ad Iformatio Society Services (2002:562) (Swede) The Electroic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulatios 2002 (UK) E-Commerce Directive Aim: free movemet of Iformatio Society Services, i particular electroic commerce Approximates atioal provisios o ISP w/ respect to Iformatio requiremets Commercial commuicatios Electroic cotracts Itermediary liability 10
E-Commerce Directive Does ot apply to: Taxatio Questios o privacy ad electroic commuicatios ad o the processig of persoal data Cartel law Activities of iformatio society services cocerig Gamblig Notarial activities i coectio with the exercise of public authority Cliet represetatio before courts Defiitio of Iformatio Society Service Ay service ormally provided for remueratio, at a distace, by meas of electroic equipmet for the processig (icludig digital compressio) ad storage of data, at the idividual request of a recipiet of a service 11
Covered by defiitio Sellig goods or services o-lie Offerig o-lie iformatio or commercial commuicatios eve if ot remuerated by those who receive them Tools allowig for search, access ad retrieval of data Trasmissio, access, hostig services Provisio of commercial commuicatios by electroic mail Not covered by defiitio Delivery of goods as such or the provisio of services off-lie Televisio ad radio broadcastig Telefax/telex services E-mail by atural persos actig outside their trade, busiess or professio eve for coclusio of cotracts C2C Employmet cotracts Medical advice requirig the physical examiatio of a patiet 12
E-Commerce Directive No prior authorizatio eeded art 4.1 Without prejudice to authorizatio schemes which are ot specifically ad exclusively targeted at iformatio society services 4.2 Iteral market priciple Cotrol i member state of establishmet for all Commuity citizes - Art 3(1) - Receivig member state may ot restrict - Art 3(2) Derogatios for public policy, public health, public security, protectio of cosumers - Art 3(4) 13
Establishmet Pursuit of ecoomic activity Fixed establishmet Idefiite period Coordiated Field art 2(h) Iteral market rule oly applies to requiremets withi coordiated field Takig up of the activity of a ISSP qualificatios, authorizatio, otificatio Pursuit of the activity of a ISSP requiremets cocerig quality or cotet of service icludig advertisig ad cotracts or liability of a service provider 14
Coordiated Field art 2(h) NOT the goods themselves safety stadards, labelig obligatios, or liability for goods NOT the delivery of goods supply of cotact leses NOT services ot provided by electroic meas medical advice requirig the physical examiatio of a patiet Derogatios from the Iteral market priciple Itellectual property rights Freedom of the parties to choose the law applicable to their cotract Cotractual obligatios cocerig cosumer cotracts Permissibility of usolicited commercial commuicatios by electroic mail 15
Iteral market priciple Relatioship with private iteratioal law Iformatio requiremets - art 5 Name of service provider Geographical address of establishmet Details icludig e-mail which allow it to be cotacted rapidly ad commuicated with i a direct ad effective maer Orgaizatio umber, VAT registratio umber Supervisory authority if relevat If prices are give clear ad uambiguous idicate whether tax ad delivery costs are icluded 16
Commercial Commuicatio art 6 Idetifiable as such Natural or legal perso o whose behalf made clearly idetifiable Promotioal offers, competitios ad games must be clearly idetifiable as such ad their coditios easily accessible ad preseted clearly ad uambiguously Usolicited Commercial Commuicatios - art 7 Idetifiable as such Respect for opt-out registers Prior coset required for automatic callig machies, fax or electroic mail to atural persos uless existig customer Directive o privacy ad electroic commuicatios 2002/58/EC 17
Regulated professios - Art 8 Use of commercial commuicatios permitted subject to compliace with the professioal rules Ecourage codes of coduct at Commuity level E-cotracts art 9 E-cotracts must be possible Requiremets must ot create obstacles or result i such cotracts beig deprived of legal effectiveess ad validity Exceptios real estate trasfers, suretyship cotracts, family law cotracts, cotracts govered by law of successio 18
E-cotracts art 10 Iformatio to be provided clearly, comprehesibly ad uambiguously ad prior to the order beig placed Techical steps to coclude a cotract Whether or ot the cocluded cotract will be filed by the service provider ad whether it will be accessible Techical meas to idetify ad correct iput errors prior to order Possible cotract laguages E-mail cotracts excluded B2B may agree otherwise E-cotracts art 10 Ifo o codes of coduct ad how accessed electroically B2B may agree otherwise Cotract made available i way that it ca be stored ad reproduced 19
Placig the order art 11 Ackowledge receipt of order without udue delay ad by electroic meas E-mail cotracts excluded Order ad ackowledgemet deemed received whe addressed party is able to access Make available effective ad accessible techical meas to idetify ad correct iput errors, prior to the placig a order B2B may agree otherwise Placig the order art 11 Cotract law eutral Order Offer Ackowledgemet Accept Cotract formatio depeds o the applicable cotract law 20
Questios? 21