An ageing workforce in Greater Western Sydney

Transcription

1 An ageing workforce in Greater Western Sydney Author: Barbara Beard WESTIR LTD May 2017 WESTIR Limited A.B.N A.C.N This work is Copyright. Apart from use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part can be reproduced by any process without the written permission from the Executive Officer of WESTIR Ltd. All possible care has been taken in the preparation of the information contained in this publication. However, WESTIR Ltd expressly disclaims any liability for the accuracy and sufficiency of the information and under no circumstances shall be liable in negligence or otherwise in or arising out of the preparation or supply of any of the information aforesaid. WESTIR Ltd is partly funded by the NSW Department of Family and Community Services Location: Suite 402, Level 4, 146 Marsden Street, Parramatta NSW 2150 Postal address: PO Box 208, Parrramatta NSW 2124 Page 1 of 93

2 Phone: (02) Facsimile: (02) Page 2 of 93

3 Table of Contents Introduction... 4 Pensions... 5 Superannuation... 5 Ramifications of Retirement... 6 Industries of employment... 6 Industries of Employment with more older workers than younger workers...12 Administrative and Support Services...14 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing...18 Education and Training...22 Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services...27 Health Care and Social Assistance...32 Manufacturing...36 Mining...40 Other Services...43 Professional Scientific & Technical Services...47 Public Administration & Safety...50 Transport, Postal & Warehousing...59 Wholesale Trade...63 Industries that had more young employees than older employees...67 Accommodation and Food Services...68 Arts and Recreation Services...72 Construction...76 Financial & Insurance Services...80 Information Media and Telecommunication...83 Retail Trade...88 Conclusion...92 References...93 Page 3 of 93

4 Introduction The population of Greater Western Sydney and indeed much of the developed world is ageing. Life expectancy is increasing and birth rates are decreasing resulting in higher proportions of older people in the population. This has prompted WESTIR to examine the employment situation in Greater Western Sydney (GWS) using 2011 Census data with comparisons with 2006 Census Data when appropriate. Census data includes data for workers aged 15 years or more. This data includes the industry in which a person works and their occupation within the industry. To determine which industry and occupation for each person, the ABS uses The Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) and the Australian and New Zealand Classification of Occupations (ANSCO). There are nineteen industries, all of which are present to some degree in GWS, and 1,023 occupations. Industry and occupation data are then combined with demographic data for each of the 14 LGAs of GWS to provide a picture of industry and ageing. Some LGAs within GWS have populations with a higher median age than others. In 2011, the median age of GWS LGAs ranged from 31 years in Auburn up to 42 years in Blue Mountains LGA. The ageing population is of concern to Governments due to the possible effect of large numbers of people leaving the workforce relative to the number of younger people still in the workforce and contributing taxes towards paying age pensions and other services. If large numbers of people cease to work and pay income tax, how will the economy survive? Where will the workers come from to fill the vacant positions? How will the economy be able to support the increase in the number of people on the age pension and the increased health needs of an elderly population? This paper will look at which industries and occupations currently have the oldest workers as well as others factors which may impact the future workforce. In spite of the Federal Government suggesting that people will need to stay in the workforce for longer in the future, much has been written about age discrimination and the difficulty older people have in obtaining employment after a certain age. A British research team (Barnes, Smeaton & Taylor,2009), undertook research from the employer s point of view. Few organisations had a formal policy relating to age but if they did it was more likely to be a large unionised workforce but not male oriented. A lack of formal age related policies was not necessarily a reflection of poor age related practices. They found some employers were age blind and focused on suitability for the job not the person s age. They also found some Page 4 of 93

5 employers looked for particular traits that were often found in older employees. On the other hand, some smaller companies had identified their ageing workforce as a problem in the near future and were actively recruiting younger persons in order to future proof their business. Young people had an advantage when it came to internal recruitment processes due to being already within the company. However, Barnes, Smeaton & Taylor also found that older job applicants at times had to stand head and shoulders above younger candidates - comparing it to women who needed to be much better than men in order to be considered equal. Despite appearing to support the retention of mature age workers, the federal government abolished the mature age workers tax offset from 1 July 2014, a move that will save the Government $700 million dollars over 4 years ( Previously, the tax offset was available to tax payers born prior to 1 July 1957 who were still in the workforce, earning less than $63,000 and were an Australian citizen (ATO website, accessed 4 April 2016). Pensions The qualifying age for the age pension in Australia has been gradually increasing. Currently people born after 1 January 1957 will not qualify for the aged pension until they are 67 years old. This will come into full effect from 1 July 2023 (Human Services website, 2015). The first means tested age pension was introduced as a state pension in 1900 before a Federal scheme was introduced in Since then a range of changes have been implemented including changes to the eligibility age, means testing for different ages, removing the family home from the assets test, and indexing the pension in various ways. In the late 1960s approximately 70% of people who qualified for an age pension due to age were receiving the age pension (Parliamentary Library, 2010). Superannuation In 1972 only 32% of Australians were covered by superannuation. Mandatory superannuation was introduced in 1992 which means it will be the 2030s and 2040s before the scheme matures and the possibility of more people being able to fund their own retirement becomes a reality (Australian Government Productivity Research Paper, An Ageing Australia: preparing for the future Nov 2013). Projections by Treasury quoted in the research paper suggest that the Page 5 of 93

6 number of people relying totally on superannuation would only increase modestly with a greater chance of people still receiving at least a part pension. It is also thought that people may withdraw higher incomes from their superannuation early in retirement leading to them still require an age pension later in their retirement. Ramifications of Retirement A paper written by Ilene Wolcott in 1999 for Family Matters explored the ramifications of an ageing workforce as well as some solutions. The paper was written in a climate of an increasing tendency toward early retirement, whereas now people are being encouraged to stay in the workforce as long as possible. Wolcott s findings are still relevant today with similar questions being asked and solutions still being sought by Government which now sees early retirement as an impediment to economic prosperity. Wolcott s paper found many reasons for early retirement. These included a person s health; the health of their partner or family member; involuntary retirement due to a business downsizing ; making an older person s position redundant; while others may wish to pursue other activities (Family Matters 53, 1999). For many people a reduction in hours or more flexible working hours would help create balance in their life and allow them to remain in the workforce (Family Matters 53, 1999). Wolcott also discussed the ramifications of moving in the direction of increased family and community care for older and disabled family members (Briggs 1999) (p77 Family Matter 53) and the decreased availability of men and women for voluntary positions diminishing. A small pool of volunteers my be available as those who may have previously volunteered would still be participating in paid employment in the workforce. Wolcott also highlighted how remaining in the workforce with flexible conditions whilst caring for elderly persons can contribute to a positive experience and better relationship with the care recipient. Industries of employment The age range of GWS workers employed in various industries differed greatly with approximately half of all industries having more than 50% of workers aged under 40 years and the other half having more than 50% aged more than 40 years. The following graphs illustrate industry differences by using two age ranges of employees; those aged years and those aged 40 years or more. Figure 1 shows the number of GWS workers employed by industry and Figure 2 shows the proportion of GWS workers by age range. This clearly illustrates which Page 6 of 93

7 industries employed the most GWS workers and within those industries the comparative number of younger and older workers. This paper refers to workers aged 39 years or less as younger workers and workers aged 40 years or more as older workers. Retail Trade, Health Care and Social Assistance and Manufacturing were the major industries in GWS in 2011.Younger people dominated Retail Trade (61.2% under 40 years) but older people dominated the Manufacturing (58.6% over 40 years) and Health Care & Social Assistance (57.1% over 40 years) industries. 62.5% of workers in the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Industry were age 40 years or more, but this was a very small industry in GWS, employing just under 5,000 people compared to Manufacturing which employed almost 100,000 workers. Education & Training and Transport, Postal & Warehousing were also major employers of people aged 40 years or over with 58.6% and 59.6% respectively. Page 7 of 93

8 Figure 1: Industry by age ranges by number of persons, GWS, 2011 Page 8 of 93

9 Number of person in workforce by age ranges ,845 3,072 6,448 4,060 4,062 5,182 6,348 5,546 9,751 6,640 13,740 13,787 15,214 17,595 16,174 16,685 26,455 28,376 22,040 22,908 25,620 22,996 28,564 22,462 24,231 32,956 37,784 31,872 33,200 34,352 35,296 38,737 41,310 51,659 55,693 58,990 Industry of Employment by number of persons by age ranges for GWS, ,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, years 40+ years Industry of Employment Page 9 of 93

10 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Figure 2: Industry by age ranges by percentage, GWS, 2011 Page 10 of 93

11 Proportion of workforce by age ranges 31.6% 37.5% 40.4% 41.2% 41.4% 42.5% 42.9% 43.9% 44.6% 47.2% 49.9% 52.1% 53.4% 54.2% 56.3% 62.5% 59.6% 58.8% 58.6% 57.5% 57.1% 56.1% 55.4% 52.8% 50.1% 47.9% 46.6% 45.8% 43.7% 40.5% 38.8% 38.7% 38.6% 59.5% 61.2% 61.3% 61.4% 68.4% 80.0% Industry of Employment by percentage of persons by age ranges for GWS, % 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Industry of Employment years 40+ years Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 11 of 93

12 Industries of Employment with more older workers than younger workers This section provides a more in depth analysis of the Industries of employment. The data in this section comes from the ABS Tablebuilder Pro Place of Work Database which provides data based on the location people stated as their workplace when they completed their Census forms.. This profile is based on people who work in GWS. These workers may also live in GWS but these Tablebuilder tables do not provide this information. Data from two different tables from within Tablebuilder Place of Work has been used and this sometimes results in the totals of one table not agreeing with the total of another table. Industry tables have been used for The timeseries graphs showing 2006 and 2011 are based on just the industry in which people work while the 2011 graphs and tables are based on both industry and occupation. Differences may occur for example if someone has provided their industry of work but not their occupation. Of the 19 industries in GWS, not all industries employed large numbers of people. The smaller industries included Mining; Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Arts & Recreation Services; Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services; Rental Hiring and Real Estate Services; and Information Media and Telecommunications. Thirteen industries had more older workers than younger workers and nine industries had more younger workers than older workers. The thirteen industries with predominantly older workers were: Administrative & Support Services Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Transport, Postal and Warehousing Manufacturing Education and Training Mining Health Care and Social Assistance Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services Other Services Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Public Administration and Safety Page 12 of 93

13 Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services Wholesale Trade Page 13 of 93

14 Administrative and Support Services The Administrative and Support Services industry was quite small employing only 4% of Australia s workforce. The sub sectors of the industry were Administrative Services and Building Cleaning; Pest Control; and Other Support Services. At the national level the industry had a higher proportion of females and part-time work than the all industries average. VET qualifications were more common than university qualifications ( ). The proportion of workers in each age range in this industry in GWS remained reasonably static between 2006 and There were some decreases in the younger ranges and increases in the older ranges but these were at most a 2% difference (see Figure 3). Figure 3: Administrative and Support Services by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro In GWS, the Administrative and Support Services workforce was the 13 th largest industry, employing a total of 16,199 workers or 2.6% of the total workforce in The workforce age was reasonably balanced with 47% aged under the age of 40 and 53% aged over the age of 40. There was a fairly even spread of workers aged between 20 years and 59 years with around 20% of workers in each ten-year age range, the largest being workers aged years (24.2%). There was a low proportion of people aged less than 19 years and over the age of 60 years (see Figure 4). Page 14 of 93

15 Figure 4: Administrative & Support Services by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro There was, however, great variation in the age of workers in certain occupations within this industry. A total of 1,978 persons were working as commercial cleaners with 74.6% (1,475 persons) aged 40 years and over. In addition, 66.8% (524 persons) of cleaners & laundry workers and 71.5% (211 persons) of domestic cleaners were aged over 40 years. These positions are not highly qualified positions and could easily be filled by younger workers. Cleaning is one occupation that has been gendered and has often been the only option of employment for older women (Sheen, 2012). One report found that cleaning positions were gendered but did offer flexible employment to older women and younger women with children (Barnes, Smeaton & Taylor, 2009). The Construction & Property Services Industry Skills Council (CPSISC) suggests that demand for cleaners will come from Baby Boomers choosing to outsource chores allowing them to stay in their home for longer. Cleaners often include a high proportion of disadvantaged workers, including migrant and international students with poor English and literacy skills. Skills and training are often learned on the job (CPSISC, Cleaning Services Sector Snapshot 2014/15). Many occupations (such as accounting clerks, bookkeepers, truck drivers and retail managers) also had a higher proportion of older workers in These jobs may well be filled by older workers currently but should they become vacant they may be easily filled by younger workers already in the industry. The second most common occupation in this industry was Human Resource Professional which was predominantly younger people with 66.2% aged years. Page 15 of 93

16 Tourism and Travel Advisers were also younger with 62.6% aged years, as were 67.1% of Debt Collectors, 67.3% of Call or Contact Centre workers and 64.0% of Receptionists. There were only 90 ICT Support Technicians in GWS but 78.9% of them were aged years. Table 1 lists the occupations within the industry by proportion of older/younger workers. Table 1: Administrative & Support Workers occupations by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Page 16 of 93

17 Administrative and Support Workes by occupation and age ranges, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Commercial Cleaners % % 1978 Human Resource Professionals % % 1250 Cleaners and Laundry Workers nfd % % 785 Tourism and Travel Advisers % % 640 General Clerks % % 519 Packers % % 513 Storepersons % % 498 Gardeners % % 489 Garden and Nursery Labourers % % 365 Domestic Cleaners % % 297 Other Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers % % 296 Accounting Clerks % % 290 Office Managers % % 263 Forklift Drivers % % 259 Debt Collectors % % 249 Receptionists % % 216 Call or Contact Centre Workers % % 214 Secretaries % % 204 Keyboard Operators % % 197 Human Resource Managers % % 191 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers % % 186 Welfare Support Workers % % 185 Payroll Clerks % % 185 Other Miscellaneous Labourers % % 164 Bookkeepers % % 156 Other Cleaners % % 150 Inadequately described % % 145 Other Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers % % 143 Accountants % % 143 Handypersons % % 143 Sales Representatives % % 140 Inquiry Clerks % % 139 Conference and Event Organisers % % 130 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 119 Chief Executives and Managing Directors % % 114 Truck Drivers % % 113 Call/Contact Centre & Customer Serv. Managers % % 98 Registered Nurses % % 92 ICT Support Technicians % % 91 Managers nfd % % 90 Nursing Support and Personal Care Workers % % 90 All other occupations in industry % % 3670 Total % % Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 17 of 93

18 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing In 2011 this was a small industry in Australia which had decreased in numbers with 84% of positions based in regional Australia and more than half the workforce employed as Farmers or Farm Managers. Half the workers did not hold a post school qualification with most skills learned on the job. The number of people employed in the industry has been decreasing and is expected to continue decreasing in the future In 2011, 4,286 persons in GWS worked in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing comprising 0.7% of the GWS workforce. This was a decrease from 5,167 persons in The graph in Figure 4 perfectly illustrates an ageing workforce where the younger age ranges are generally decreasing in numbers and the older age ranges increasing. This is the only industry where there was not only a relatively high proportion of workers aged 60 years or more but the proportion had increased between 2006 and Figure 5: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro In 2011, 65.0% of workers in the industry were aged 40 years and over. The decrease in the number of workers between 2006 and 2011 has not been in all age ranges. There were slightly fewer people under 19 years in 2011 than in 2006 which may indicate fewer people entering the Page 18 of 93

19 industry from school. The proportion aged years remained very similar but there was a large drop in those aged years. Perhaps people aged years are more flexible in changing career paths and are seeking a different path before they are perceived as being too old. The other major drop was for those aged years who were aged years in 2006, an age at which career changes are not necessarily easy. The one thing that stands out is the increase in the proportion of people aged years and 70+ years, the very people who would often think about retirement in many other industries. This could be farmers who may be able to delay retirement or are waiting to either pass the property to their children or sell. One Government sponsored report found multiple reasons for the lack of younger entrants into farming including: amalgamation of farms reducing entry points for younger farmers; shrinking farm size creating unsustainable incomes, young people spending more time in education; competition for farms with older aspiring farmers with more capital who don t rely solely on a farm for income; and the increasing age at first marriage which particularly reduces the number of young women in farming who traditionally entered farming through marriage (RIRDC,February 2014). Not all of these reasons would be relevant in GWS but decreasing available farmland would be an issue. Figure 6: Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing age ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing was not a large workforce but some occupations within the industry had a very high proportion of older workers. In GWS in 2011, 71.6% of crop farmers, Page 19 of 93

20 81.0% of Livestock Farmers and 92.5% of Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmers were older than 40 years. There were only 17 Chief Executives and Managing Directors but all were aged 40 years or older. As in other industries, Bookkeepers and Secretaries were older with 88.5% of Bookkeepers and 76.7% of Secretaries aged 40 years or more. There were some occupations with a higher proportion of workers aged less than 40 years. There were only 18 Greenkeepers but 72.2% of those were aged years, as were 64.4% of Animal Attendants and Trainers, and 60.0% of Storepersons. Table 2: Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing occupations by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Page 20 of 93

21 Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing workers by occupation & age ranges, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No. % No. % Total Crop Farmers % % 1315 Livestock Farmers % % 589 Crop Farm Workers % % 481 Livestock Farm Workers % % 271 Garden and Nursery Labourers % % 158 Packers % % 96 Gardeners % % 70 Nurserypersons % % 68 Farmers and Farm Managers nfd % % 63 Truck Drivers % % 63 Animal Attendants and Trainers % % 45 Secretaries % % 43 Office Managers % % 41 Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmers 3 7.5% % 40 General Clerks % % 40 Storepersons % % 40 Other Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers % % 39 Retail Managers % % 36 Accounting Clerks % % 34 Forklift Drivers % % 30 Agricultural and Forestry Scientists % % 28 Sales Representatives % % 28 Inadequately described % % 28 Metal Casting, Forging & Finishing Trades Workers % % 27 Bookkeepers % % 26 Agricultural, Forestry & Hort. Plant Operators % % 25 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers % % 24 Food and Drink Factory Workers % % 22 Sales Assistants (General) % % 20 Managers nfd % % 18 Production Managers % % 18 Greenkeepers % % 18 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks % % 18 Chief Executives and Managing Directors 0 0.0% % 17 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 17 Other Specialist Managers % % 15 Farm, Forestry and Garden Workers nfd % 0 0.0% 15 All other occupations in industry % % 360 Total % % 4286 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 21 of 93

22 Education and Training Much has been said over the years about this industry being at risk of losing large numbers from its workforce as the baby boomers start retiring. Many of these, particularly males, will be on the old superannuation scheme which makes earlier retirement attractive. Women, with career breaks, are not as likely to have remained in this scheme for the whole of their working life and would be in a fund that does not provide an indexed pension. Office Workers and General Assistants in schools are generally as old, or older than the teachers, but their positions could be filled by younger people with minimum qualifications. Contrary to previous fears of a lack of replacements being available for retiring teachers, it would now appear there is an oversupply In trained teachers with new graduates encountering problems in gaining employment. Some problems involved in teacher training are discussed in an article by Field Rickards in The Conversation - Rickard s claims that uncapping the number of students in teacher training has led to oversupply with the major employer of graduates, NSW Department of Education, employing only 6% of graduates in This is supported by ABC.net.au which quoted Adrian Piccoli, the Minister for Education, as noting that universities have doubled entrants in the last ten years They should take fewer and do a better job [of training them]. According to ABC.net, a shortage of jobs means that graduate teachers who do not find adequate work within a three to five year period risk not qualifying to teach due to a requirement that they work for days in a three to five year period after graduation. To read the full article go to This indicates that the real risk may not be in having sufficient numbers of trained teachers but in ensuring they have been able to become fully qualified to be available when greater numbers of teachers actually retire. However, another article by Imogen Brennan, contends that there will be teacher shortages due to rapidly increasing student numbers and lower teacher/student ratios which leads to more classes and therefore teachers being needed than previously. Overall, it would seem the industry is facing problems but it is not clear what the problem will be or exactly what the solution will be: will there be a teacher oversupply or an undersupply? Page 22 of 93

23 The following graph does not present evidence of an ageing workforce. There was an increase in the proportion of people aged 60 years or more but this was more than balanced by increased in the ranges 19 years or less, years and years. Rather than seeing an increase in the number of people aged 40 years or more, there was a 4% decrease in the years age range and a very small decrease for those aged years. Overall, it would appear that any deceases due to older teachers retiring were being addressed by increases in the younger age ranges. Figure 7: Education and Training by age ranges, GWS, Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The following graph shows 60.2% of people working in Education and Training were over the age of 40 years in 2011, with 36.1% being over the age of 50 years. Only 18.1% of workers were aged 29 years or under. The largest age group was workers aged years. One point to note is the sudden drop in numbers between the years age range and the years age range. This most likely illustrates the retirement age of many of these workers who may have the choice to retire from the age of 55 years and onwards. There were 417 people (0.8%) aged 70 years or more. Further investigation revealed these people to be employed in a variety of occupations such Teachers, Lecturers, Secretaries and Page 23 of 93

24 Drivers. Some were employed in more physical positions such as Gardeners, Commercial Cleaners and Early Childhood Teachers. Page 24 of 93

25 Figure 8: Education & training workers by aged ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Table 3 shows the various occupations included within the Education and Training industry category. Primary School Teachers had a higher proportion of people aged 39 years or less (52.0%) than the more specialised teaching positions such as Vocational Education Teachers (18.6%), Special Education teachers (33.6%), Principals (20.2%) and Librarians 22.2%). It would be expected that Principals would be older (79.8% were aged 40+years) but that was not the only occupation with a very high proportion of older workers. A total of 124 people identified as Handypersons with 113 (91.1%) of those people being aged 40 years or over. It could be that increasingly positions such as Handypersons, caretakers and cleaners would be outsourced to external companies. Therefore, the figures may not accurately reflect the industry these people work in with a person seeing themselves as working in the service industry rather than the Education and Training industry and mark their census sheet accordingly. Page 25 of 93

26 Table 3: Occupation of Education & Training workers by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Education & Training by occupation & age ranges, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Primary School Teachers % % Secondary School Teachers % % Education Aides % % 3465 Voc. Ed. Teachers (Aus) /Polytech. Teachers (NZ) % % 2359 General Clerks % % 2346 School Principals % % 1691 Private Tutors and Teachers % % 1561 Special Education Teachers % % 1452 University Lecturers and Tutors % % 1410 School Teachers nfd % % 1239 Child Carers % % 985 Early Childhood (Pre-primary School) Teachers % % 980 Sports Coaches, Instructors and Officials % % 747 Office Managers % % 659 Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages % % 522 Other Education Managers % % 508 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 343 Professionals nfd % % 321 Counsellors % % 316 Driving Instructors % % 314 Caretakers % % 310 Secretaries % % 308 Education Advisers and Reviewers % % 305 Receptionists % % 289 ICT Support Technicians % % 273 Fitness Instructors % % 236 Commercial Cleaners % % 232 Accounting Clerks % % 218 Psychologists % % 217 Inadequately described % % 214 Training and Development Professionals % % 210 Personal Assistants % % 194 Library Assistants % % 188 Science Technicians % % 186 Bookkeepers % % 184 Librarians % % 171 All other occupations in industry % % 5596 Total % % Source: ABS Census 2011, Table Builder Pro Page 26 of 93

27 Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services The Master Plumbers Association (MPA) in their 2010 industry snapshot stated that this was one of the smallest industries in Australia but growth in was expected to exceed the all-industry average. The MPA also predicted that the occupations in this industry will become more qualified in the future. A summary of the industry found: most people in the industry were employed in companies with 200 or more employees, the majority (68%) of workers were employed in regional and remote areas, a majority (71%) of workers were male and 91% of the workforce were employed fulltime. The percentage of people with a Certificate III or IV higher (26%) was higher than in all industries. The full snapshot report can be found online at: Figure 9 shows a workforce that had a higher proportion of older workers but increased its proportion of younger workers. The proportion of workers aged 19 years or less and years increased from 2006 to 2011 while the proportion of workers aged years decreased over the same time. However, the proportion of people aged 60 years or more increased from 5.6% in 2006 to 7.8% in Figure 9: Electricity, Gas, Water & Waste Services by age ranges, GWS 2006 & 2011 Page 27 of 93

28 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Only 17% of workers in the industry were aged 19 years or less which indicates a low level of apprenticeship or entry level positions. Half of all workers in the industry (50.1%) were aged between 30 and 49 years and just over a quarter (25.1%) were aged years. A further 14.9% of workers were aged years and 7.9% were aged 60 years or more. Overall the industry had 59.6% of workers aged 40 years or more and 40.4% aged 39 years or less. Figure 10: Electricity, Gas, Water & Waste Services by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The occupation table (Table 4) shows many of the occupations in the Electricity, Gas, Water & Waste Services Industry having one third of workers aged below 40 years and two thirds aged above 40 years. The occupation with the highest proportion of workers aged under 40 years was Electricians (66.3%), Electrical Distribution Trades Workers (64.1%), Electrical Engineers (52.8%), Management & Organisational Analysts (50.5%) and Environmental Scientists (50.5%). Engineering Managers had the highest proportion (80.0%) of workers aged 40 years or more but this would be expected of people in higher positions who may be replaced by Civil Engineering Professionals which had one of the higher proportions (39.1%) of people aged less than 40 years. Page 28 of 93

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30 Table 4: Electricity, Gas, Water & Waste Services occupations by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Electricity, Gas, Water & Waste Services by occupation & age ranges, GWS, years 40 years or more Occupation Total No % No % Truck Drivers % % 692 Electricians % % 546 Electrical Distribution Trades Workers % % 404 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 383 Electrical Engineers % % 337 General Clerks % % 255 Other Specialist Managers % % 211 Other Stationary Plant Operators % % 210 Inquiry Clerks % % 208 Civil Engineering Professionals % % 192 Accounting Clerks % % 169 Building and Plumbing Labourers % % 142 Accountants % % 140 Inadequately described % % 122 Management and Organisation Analysts % % 111 Office Managers % % 111 ICT Managers % % 107 Environmental Scientists % % 101 Sales Representatives % % 101 Plumbers % % 100 Electrical Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians % % 96 Metal Fitters and Machinists % % 96 Keyboard Operators % % 94 Engineering Managers % % 90 Other Factory Process Workers % % 86 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers % % 83 Engineering Professionals nfd % % 83 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks % % 82 Supply and Distribution Managers % % 81 Software and Applications Programmers % % 80 Human Resource Managers % % 79 Chemical, Gas, Petroleum & Power Gen. Plant Operators % % 78 Other Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers % % 77 Managers nfd % % 74 Construction Managers % % 70 Specialist Managers nfd % % 65 Call or Contact Centre Workers % % 64 Recycling and Rubbish Collectors % % 61 ICT Business and Systems Analysts % % 60 All other occupations in industry % % 2534 Total % % 8675 Page 30 of 93

31 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 31 of 93

32 Health Care and Social Assistance Health Care and Social Assistance had a workforce of just over 1.5 million people nationally in November The workforce is growing but also ageing with few young people in the workforce already who could replace older workers as they leave. In many areas of health services, particularly community services and aged care, the rates of pay are too low to attract young people into the sector and there is a lack of progression. Some people from the private sector and government may migrate to this sector later in their careers when job satisfaction becomes more attractive and takes precedence over high pay. In 2011, an article appeared in the Sun Herald (11/12/2011) raising the issue of the problem faced by nurses wishing to return to nursing after taking a break, often to raise children. It was claimed that a $10,000 refresher course was required to re-enter nursing after a specified period out of the workforce. On top of the actual course cost, out of town nurses also need to pay for accommodation if they do not live close to where the course is held. The Australian government describes this as a strong and growing industry on They also state that four in five workers have completed post school study with a large proportion holding a Bachelor degree or higher, 45% of workers were part-time workers and four in five workers were female. In GWS, the Health Care and Social Assistance industry employed a total of 73,895 workers in The industry employed a very small percentage of workers aged 19 years or less and this decreased from 2.4% in 2006 to 2.1% in The proportion of workers aged years increased from 18.0% in 2006 to 19.5% in 2011 while the workers aged years decreased from 22.1% to 21.2%. In the older ranges the proportion of year olds decreased from 27.8% to 24.6%, year olds remained static but there was a large increase in the proportion of workers aged 60 years or more from 6.6% to 9.4%. The changes in proportions is illustrated in Figure 11 and the proportions for 2011 alone are shown in Figure 12. Page 32 of 93

33 Figure 11: Health Care & Social Assistance by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Figure 12: Health Care & Social Assistance by age ranges GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Registered nurse (12,103 workers) was by far the most numerous occupation in this industry in GWS. Almost two thirds (59.7%) of nurses were aged 40 years or more. The next most common occupation was Receptionist (4,367 workers) followed by Aged and Disabled Carers (3,861 workers) and Nursing support and personal care workers (4,127 workers). The occupation with the greatest proportion of workers aged 40 years or more was Commercial Cleaner (86.0%) Page 33 of 93

34 followed by Nurse Manager (76.9%), Health and Welfare Services Managers (76.5%) and Kitchen Hands (74.3%). The following table provides information for occupations in this industry and highlights that only a few of the listed occupations had a majority proportion of younger workers in Figure 13: Health Care & Social Assistance occupations GWS, 2011 Page 34 of 93

35 Health Care and Social Assistance by occupation & age ranges, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Registered Nurses % % Child Carers % % 5841 Receptionists % % 4367 Nursing Support and Personal Care Workers % % 4127 Aged and Disabled Carers % % 3860 Generalist Medical Practitioners % % 3377 Welfare Support Workers % % 2232 General Clerks % % 1771 Dental Assistants % % 1199 Kitchenhands % % 1089 Medical Imaging Professionals % % 1060 Medical Technicians % % 1017 Health and Welfare Services Managers % % 979 Physiotherapists % % 941 Commercial Cleaners % % 929 Psychologists % % 900 Midwives % % 882 Enrolled and Mothercraft Nurses % % 811 Social Workers % % 796 Dental Practitioners % % 792 Practice Managers % % 778 Nurse Managers % % 768 Welfare, Recreation & Community Arts Workers % % 726 Early Childhood (Pre-primary School) Teachers % % 697 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 655 Ambulance Officers and Paramedics % % 627 Other Medical Practitioners % % 610 Medical Laboratory Scientists % % 576 Child Care Centre Managers % % 568 Occupational Therapists % % 568 Counsellors % % 548 Secretaries % % 530 Packers % % 521 Specialist Physicians % % 507 Office Managers % % 507 Cooks % % 469 Keyboard Operators % % 456 All other occupations in industry % % Total % % Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 35 of 93

36 Manufacturing Fagan and O Neill (2015) described the industrialisation and de-industrialisation of GWS starting with the 1950s as manufacturing jobs moved west, the peak years of the 1960s, changes in the 1970s to 1990s resulting in the loss of ten thousand jobs between just 1981 and 1996), until 2015 when the manufacturing sector was still experiencing accelerated job losses. Fagan and O Neill also state that job losses in manufacturing have been felt most by older males, people born overseas and unskilled youth as the sector veers more to jobs with specific technical skills or specialist trades. Although there is still room for unskilled jobs, the number of positions in the industry is shrinking overall. Although in overall decline, the manufacturing industry in GWS has increased in some LGAs. An URBIS report (2013) argued this was due to some industries adapting to economic condition or moving into the production/creation of niche products. They felt manufacturing would remain a key part of Western Sydney for the next decade due to lower land prices, availability of employment land and access to an aligned workforce (page 50). In 2011, the Manufacturing industry in GWS employed a total of 92,712 workers. In each of the age ranges up to the age of 49 years, the proportion of workers decreased, but the proportion of workers in both years and 60 years or more increased. The proportion of workers aged 60 years or more increased from 6.0% in 2006 to 8.5% in Figure 14: Manufacturing by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Page 36 of 93

37 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The largest group of workers were those aged years (27.8%) followed by those aged years (23.5%) and years (22.8%). There were few workers aged less than 20 years (2.2%) or over 70 years (0.7%). Figure 15: Manufacturing by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The table below provides additional information on the occupations within the manufacturing industry and shows which occupations have high or low numbers of older workers. Chief Page 37 of 93

38 Executives and Managing Directors had the highest proportion of workers over the age of 40 years (87.2%) but this would most likely be due to people taking time to reach the highest levels of a company. Sewing Machinist was another occupation with a high proportion of workers aged 40 years or more (85.6%) ahead of Manufacturers (72.9%). Only a few occupations had a majority of workers aged years. The occupation with the highest proportion of younger workers was Carpenters and Joiners (61.0%) ahead of Sales Assistants (General) (58.7%) and Cabinetmakers (54.0%). The most common occupation in the manufacturing industry was Production Manager with 3,563 workers, 69.0% of them aged 40 years or more. This was followed by Packers and Storepersons (3,220 workers, 63.7% over the age of 40 years) and Storepersons (3,121 workers, 56.0% over the age of 40 years). Page 38 of 93

39 Table 5: Manufacturing occupations by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Manufacturing by occupation & age ranges, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Production Managers % % 3563 Packers % % 3220 Storepersons % % 3121 Metal Fitters and Machinists % % 2781 Forklift Drivers % % 2616 Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers % % 2614 Sales Representatives % % 2411 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks % % 2128 Product Assemblers % % 2100 Accounting Clerks % % 2038 Advertising, Public Relations & Sales Managers % % 2025 Food and Drink Factory Workers % % 2023 Machine Operators nfd % % 2021 Engineering Production Workers % % 1766 Manufacturers % % 1698 General Clerks % % 1602 Carpenters and Joiners % % 1315 Accountants % % 1308 Printers % % 1286 Factory Process Workers nfd % % 1280 Cabinetmakers % % 1130 Sales Assistants (General) % % 1067 Plastics & Rubber Production Machine Operators % % 1056 Inadequately described % % 1031 Electricians % % 1028 Truck Drivers % % 995 Office Managers % % 954 Meat, Poultry and Seafood Process Workers % % 915 Bakers and Pastrycooks % % 886 Industrial, Mechanical & Production Engineers % % 875 Sewing Machinists % % 874 Metal Engineering Process Workers % % 816 Other Specialist Managers % % 811 Chief Executives and Managing Directors % % 789 Technical Sales Representatives % % 770 Product Quality Controllers % % 702 All other occupation in industry % % Total % % Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 39 of 93

40 Mining Nationally, the Mining industry was a small industry employing 225,800 workers in November Jobs were concentrated mainly in Western Australia and Queensland. After an increase in the number of jobs in mining from 2010 to 2015, a decrease has now begun and is expected to continue decreasing through to at least 2020 ( In GWS only 1,994 people in 2011 worked in the Mining Industry; the majority aged between 30 and 59 years. The number people in this industry in GWS increased from 1,509 persons in 2006 but if predictions are correct then this may be reflected in the 2016 Census. The age ranges of workers in the Mining industry in GWS did change between 2006 and Although there was an increase in the proportion of people aged 60 years or more from 6.0% to 8.8% but this was balanced by increases in the ranges years and years. The proportion of workers aged years and years also decreased during this period. Figure 16: Mining by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro In the GWS workforce, there were very few Mining workers aged 19 years or less or 70 years or more. Less than ten percent (8.6%) of workers were aged years, an age range that Page 40 of 93

41 includes people aged 65 years, the age at which the age pension can be accessed. The largest group of workers were those aged years (26.7%) ahead of years (24.1%). Figure 17: Mining by age ranges GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro As stated previously, this was a very small industry in GWS which means the occupations within the industry had quite small numbers of people. The occupation with the highest number of workers was Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers with a total of 696 workers. What was surprising was the number of occupations with 100% of the workers aged 40 years or more (some of these can be seen in Table 6). Overall, this was a very mature aged workforce. However, several occupations had a majority of people aged 39 years or less including Metal Fitters and Machinists (60.5%), Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers (52.2%), Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers (66.7%) and Other Construction and Mining Labourers (66.7%). These were occupations which involve manual work. There were eleven Civil Engineering Professionals and all of them were aged years. The white-collar occupations with more young workers than older workers included Mining Engineers (55.8%), Accountants (51.7%) and Human Resource Managers (60.0%). The table below lists Mining occupations with the number and proportion of workers aged under 39 years and over 40 years. Page 41 of 93

42 Table 6: Mining occupations by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Mining workers by occupation & age ranges, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No. % No. % Total Drillers, Miners and Shot Firers % % 696 Metal Fitters and Machinists % % 200 Electricians % % 150 Other Building and Engineering Technicians % % 135 Production Managers % % 62 Truck Drivers % % 58 Mining Engineers % % 54 Earthmoving Plant Operators % % 47 Accountants % % 29 Industrial, Mechanical & Production Engineers % % 29 Other Stationary Plant Operators % % 27 Machinery Operators and Drivers nfd % % 24 Other Construction and Mining Labourers % % 24 Electrical Engineers % % 22 Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers % % 21 General Clerks % % 21 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks 0 0.0% % 19 Inadequately described % % 18 Chief Executives and Managing Directors 0 0.0% % 15 Human Resource Managers % % 15 Engineering Managers % % 15 Technical Sales Representatives % % 15 Geologists and Geophysicists % % 15 Other Specialist Managers 0 0.0% % 14 Motor Mechanics % % 14 Surveyors and Spatial Scientists % % 13 Accounting Clerks 0 0.0% % 13 Storepersons % % 13 Occupational & Environ. Health Professionals % % 12 Civil Engineering Professionals % 0 0.0% 11 Electrotech. & Telecom. Trades Workers nfd 0 0.0% % 11 Construction Managers % % 10 Safety Inspectors 0 0.0% % 10 Secretaries 0 0.0% % 10 All other occupations in industry % % 152 Total % % 1994 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Legend >50% aged years Page 42 of 93

43 Other Services Other Services covered an eclectic array of occupations from Funeral Workers, Motor Mechanics, and Beauty Therapists through to Fitness Instructors, Religious Services and Brothel Keepers and Prostitution Services. More than half of the workers in the industry were classed as Technicians and Trades workers with more than half holding a Certificate III or higher VET (Vocational Education Sector) qualification. The industry comprises three subdivisions: Repair & Maintenance, Personal & Other Services and Private households employing staff & undifferentiated goods & service-producing activities of households for own use. The full list can be found on the ABS site 3D22?opendocument. In GWS, the workforce had 52.1% of Other Services workers aged years and 47.9% aged 40 years and over. The largest group were workers aged years (24.2%), followed by years (22.7%) and workers aged years (22.0%). The proportion of workers aged years (8.0%) was quite similar to most other industries with the exceptions of Accommodation & Food Services (4.3%) and Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing (13.5%). Figure 18: Other Services by Age Ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 43 of 93

44 This was one industry that displayed signs of an ageing workforce. Although the proportion of workers aged years remained static, this was counteracted by decreases in the proportion of workers aged 19 years or less and years. The proportion of workers aged years also remained static from but once again this was counteracted by increases in the proportion of workers aged years and 60 years or more. Figure 19: Other Services by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Motor Mechanics were the largest group by occupation in Other Services (3,550 persons) with more than half (56.3%) aged years and the remaining 43.7% aged 40 years or more. The next largest group were Hairdressers (2,989 workers) with 67.4% ages years and 32.6% aged 40 years or more. Beauty Therapists had a very high proportion of workers aged years (72.6%) compared to those aged 40 years and over (274%). Workers aged 40 years and over made up 74.7% of Funeral Workers, 77.7% of Secretaries and 85.8% of Chief Executives and Managing Directors. Page 44 of 93

45 Table 7: Other services by occupation & age ranges, GWS, 2011 Other Services by occupation & age ranges, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Motor Mechanics % % 3550 Hairdressers % % 2989 Beauty Therapists % % 1196 Ministers of Religion % % 1124 Panelbeaters % % 885 Metal Fitters and Machinists % % 672 Vehicle Painters % % 639 General Clerks % % 583 Airconditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics % % 568 Electronics Trades Workers % % 525 Secretaries % % 467 Laundry Workers % % 410 Office Managers % % 396 Accounting Clerks % % 345 Electricians % % 338 Retail Managers % % 319 Car Detailers % % 315 Bookkeepers % % 303 Animal Attendants and Trainers % % 290 Automotive Electricians % % 289 Receptionists % % 257 Other Personal Service Workers % % 236 Call/Contact Centre & Customer Service Managers % % 231 Fitness Instructors % % 231 Funeral Workers % % 225 Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Fitters % % 205 Welfare Support Workers % % 178 Technicians and Trades Workers nfd % % 157 Human Resource Professionals % % 154 Other Miscellaneous Labourers % % 149 Chief Executives and Managing Directors % % 148 Other Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers % % 145 Accountants % % 142 Sales Assistants (General) % % 138 Inquiry Clerks % % 137 Inadequately described % % 133 Storepersons % % 127 Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers % % 122 Other Cleaners % % 122 Precision Metal Trades Workers % % 121 Vehicle Body Builders and Trimmers % % 118 Panelbeaters, and Vehicle Body Builders, Trimmers a % % 113 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks % % 113 Managers nfd % % 110 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 108 All other occupations in industry % % 4774 Total % % Page 45 of 93

46 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 46 of 93

47 Professional Scientific & Technical Services Professional Scientific & Technical Services includes legal and accounting services, veterinary services and computer system design. Australia wide it is the fourth largest industry. Four in five workers have post school qualifications and 57% hold a Bachelor degree or higher which means more than half in jobs in the industry are for Professionals. Jobs are mainly located in capital cites. The time taken to obtain these qualifications means there are few workers years. In GWS the industry was the tenth largest, perhaps indicating that jobs are not only located in Capital cities but in the CBD of that city. This profile is based on where people work not where they live. The age profile does reflect that of the industry in Australia with only 2.0% aged 19 years or less but 43.5% aged years in Figure 20: Professional, Scientific & Technical Services by Age Ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro It was difficult to gauge if this industry was experiencing an ageing workforce. While there were decreases in the proportion of younger workers and an increase in workers aged 60 years or more, there was quite a large increase in the proportion of workers aged from 25.8% in 2006 to 28.1% in The proportion of workers aged years remained relatively static Page 47 of 93

48 but there were small increased in the proportion of workers 19 years or less (3.3% in 2006 to 2.1% in 2011) and years (27.8% in 2006 to 26.1% in 2011). Figure 21: Professional, Scientific & Technical Services, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Accountant was the most common occupation of workers in this industry (3,179 workers). Just over half (56.4%) were aged 40 years or more and 43.6% were aged years. There were 1,336 Solicitors (57.5% aged 40 years or more, 42.5% aged years). A further 1,125 workers were Software and Applications Programmers with just over half (51.1%) aged years and 48.9% aged 40 years or more. The majority (81.7%) of Veterinary nurses were aged years with the remaining 18.3% aged 40 years or more. Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators also had a majority (70.7%) aged years compared to 29.3% aged 40 years or more. As in all other industries, Chief Executives and Managing Directors had a much higher proportion of workers aged 40 years or more (77.9%) than years (22.1%). Page 48 of 93

49 Table 8: Professional, Scientific & Technical Services by occupation, GWS, 2011 Professional, Scientific & Technical Services by occupation & age ranges, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Accountants % % 3179 Solicitors % % 1336 Software and Applications Programmers % % 1125 Bookkeepers % % 1105 Secretaries % % 1060 General Clerks % % 851 ICT Support Technicians % % 825 Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators % % 727 ICT Managers % % 668 Office Managers % % 615 Accounting Clerks % % 599 ICT Professionals nfd % % 532 Receptionists % % 448 Architectural, Building & Surveying Technicians % % 441 Conveyancers and Legal Executives % % 434 Civil Engineering Professionals % % 431 Management and Organisation Analysts % % 419 Veterinary Nurses % % 387 Photographers % % 357 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers % % 355 Veterinarians % % 340 Other Clerical and Office Support Workers % % 324 Computer Network Professionals % % 321 Database & Syst. Admin., & ICT Security Specialists % % 312 Inadequately described % % 300 Engineering Professionals nfd % % 294 Advertising and Marketing Professionals % % 293 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 291 ICT Business and Systems Analysts % % 289 Signwriters % % 282 Chief Executives and Managing Directors % % 276 Keyboard Operators % % 262 Architects and Landscape Architects % % 251 Surveyors and Spatial Scientists % % 230 Sales Representatives % % 203 Construction Managers % % 195 Social Professionals % % 186 Electronics Trades Workers % % 179 Civil Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians % % 178 Personal Assistants % % 178 Science Technicians % % 176 Engineering Managers % % 161 All other occupation in industry % % 7544 Total % % Page 49 of 93

50 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Public Administration & Safety The following quote from the myfuture website explains what this industry is responsible for in Australia: The public administration (government) and safety industry looks after the needs of the Australian public and assists people to access government services. It also maintains public order and safety. The sector includes Commonwealth, State and Territory and local government.. In GWS the industry employed 51,560 persons accounting for 6.1% of the workforce, the same as the national proportion (6.1%). The Australian Jobs 2016 website predicted that the industry will increase by 7% over the next five years at the national level. The industry was described as highly skilled with a high proportion of workers with post school qualifications, particularly at bachelor level or higher. The industry also had a lower proportion of part-time workers (19%) when compared to the all industries average (31%). The industry was made up of 49% female workers and had a relatively older age profile with 46% of workers aged 45 years and over The following graph shows a decrease in the younger age ranges and an increase in the older ranges indicating this is indeed an ageing workforce in GWS. The proportion of workers aged 60 years or more, increased from 4.8% to 7.2% which is relatively large. Figure 22: Public Administration & Safety by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Page 50 of 93

51 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro In GWS in 2011, 55.4% of workers were over the age of 40 years which would roughly equate with the national figure of 46% over the age of 45 years. In GWS, most workers (72.8%) were aged between years. The table below shows the workforce by age range and clearly shows the very low proportion of workers aged less than 19 years or more than 70 years. Figure 23: Public Administration & Safety by age ranges GWS, 2011 Page 51 of 93

52 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Police were the largest occupation group with a total of 3,951 workers made up of 68.1% aged 39 years or less and 31.9% aged 40 years or more. The occupation with the highest proportion of workers aged years was Defence Force Members Other Ranks (84.8%), ahead of Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (83.9%) and Electronics Trades Workers (71.7%). The occupations with the highest percentage of workers aged 40 years or more were Librarians (80.8%), Registered Nurses (71.4%), Office Managers (70.9%) and Truck Drivers (71.0%). Page 52 of 93

53 Table 9: Public Administration & Safety Workers occupations by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Public Administration & Safety Workers by occupation & age, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Police % % 3951 General Clerks % % 2359 Inspectors and Regulatory Officers % % 2042 Security Officers and Guards % % 1731 Defence Force Members - Other Ranks % % 1489 Prison Officers % % 1308 Inquiry Clerks % % 1191 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 943 Welfare Support Workers % % 799 Fire and Emergency Workers % % 799 Welfare, Recreation & Community Arts Workers % % 680 Keyboard Operators % % 671 Inadequately described % % 639 Other Miscellaneous Labourers % % 572 Accounting Clerks % % 552 Child Carers % % 536 Commissioned Officers (Management) % % 526 Civil Engineering Professionals % % 486 Other Specialist Managers % % 463 Aircraft Maintenance Engineers % % 454 Office Managers % % 422 Call or Contact Centre Workers % % 415 Truck Drivers % % 407 Accountants % % 400 Auditors, Company Secr. & Corporate Treasurers % % 378 Other Information & Organisation Professionals % % 344 Urban and Regional Planners % % 333 ICT Support Technicians % % 283 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks % % 279 Court and Legal Clerks % % 277 Registered Nurses % % 269 Payroll Clerks % % 247 Training and Development Professionals % % 246 Human Resource Professionals % % 245 Other Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers % % 239 Occupational 7 Environ. Health Professionals % % 236 Librarians % % 235 Senior Non-commissioned Defence Force Memb % % 234 Debt Collectors % % 234 Architectural, Building & Surveying Technicians % % 223 Electronics Trades Workers % % 223 Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers % % 223 All other occupations in industry % % Total % % Page 53 of 93

54 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 54 of 93

55 Rental, Hiring & Real Estate Services The Rental, Hiring & Real Estate Services industry is involved in the lease or hire of assets such as bicycles, machinery, costumes or other goods available for use by others, as well as the sale, lease or management of real estate. The workforce was relatively old; had a slightly higher proportion of females than the all industries average; and a high proportion of post school qualifications with workers more likely to hold a Certificate III or higher VET qualification than a Bachelor degree. In GWS in 2011, this industry employed 9,293 workers making it the 14th largest industry. Of these workers, 44.1% of workers in the industry were aged years with a further 4.8% aged 19 years or less. 51.1% of all workers were aged 40 years or more and only 1.7% were aged 70+ years. Figure 24: Rental, Hiring & Real Estate Services by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The Rental, Hiring & Real Estate Services industry displayed signs of an ageing workforce. There was an increase of workers aged years from 22.7% in 2006 to 24.3% in 2011 but this was counteracted by decreases of workers aged 19 years or less (7.3% to 4.8%) and years (25.8% to 24.3%). There was a fractional decrease in the proportion of workers aged 40- Page 55 of 93

56 49 years of age (21.2% to 20.7%) but larger increases in the proportion of workers aged 60 years or more (6.5% to 9.1%) and years (16.4% to 16.8%). Figure 25: Rental, Hiring & Real Estate Services by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The types of occupations involved in this industry ranged from the people at the sales end of the industry through all the support staff needed such as administration, people maintaining the goods or in the case of real estate, the people doing valuations and other services supporting the industry. The most common occupation in GWS in 2011 was Real Estate Sales Agent (3,254 workers) with 51.3% aged 40 years or more and 48.7% aged years. The next largest group was Other Sales Assistants & Salespersons (512 workers) made up of 67.8% aged years and 32.2% aged 40 years or more. Receptionist had the highest proportion of workers aged years with 72.5%, followed by Advertising and Marketing Professionals (70.0%), Timber and Wood Process workers (64.7%) and Call or Contact Centre workers (62.2%). Most Chief Executives and Managing Directors were aged 40 years of more (86.7%) as were 85.7% of Managers nfd, 84.6% of Handypersons, and 79.3% of Bookkeepers. Page 56 of 93

57 Table 10: Rental, Hiring & Real Estate Services by Occupation, GWS, 2011 Rental, Hiring & Real Estate Services by Occupation GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Real Estate Sales Agents % % 3254 Other Sales Assistants and Salespersons % % 512 Receptionists % % 466 General Clerks % % 448 Other Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers % % 295 Office Managers % % 253 Accounting Clerks % % 217 Land Economists and Valuers % % 199 Inquiry Clerks % % 189 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers % % 157 Secretaries % % 140 Inadequately described % % 130 Retail Managers % % 116 Metal Fitters and Machinists % % 116 Bookkeepers % % 116 Truck Drivers % % 113 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks % % 98 Accountants % % 94 Personal Assistants % % 88 Motor Mechanics % % 77 Welfare Support Workers % % 77 Keyboard Operators % % 64 Chief Executives and Managing Directors % % 60 Forklift Drivers % % 59 Call or Contact Centre Workers % % 58 General Managers % % 57 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 57 Finance Managers % % 50 Call or Contact Centre & Cust. Serv. Managers % % 49 Transport Services Managers % % 47 Storepersons % % 46 Commercial Cleaners % % 45 Other Specialist Managers % % 43 Financial Investment Advisers and Managers % % 43 Managers nfd % % 42 Construction Managers % % 41 Advertising and Marketing Professionals % % 40 Handypersons % % 39 Timber and Wood Process Workers % % 34 Crane, Hoist and Lift Operators % % 33 Car Detailers % % 32 Human Resource Managers % % 29 Road and Rail Drivers nfd % % 29 Other Miscellaneous Labourers % % 29 All other occupations in industry % % 1112 Total % % 9293 Page 57 of 93

58 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Legend >50% aged years Page 58 of 93

59 Transport, Postal & Warehousing The title of this industry describes what it does very well as its activities are mainly transporting people and freight by road, rail, water and air. Less than one in four workers were employed in postal and warehousing activities. The skill level of this industry is quite low but one in three workers has a Certificate III or higher VET qualification. Nationally, it has an older age profile with one of the lowest proportions of workers aged years and the second highest proportion of workers aged 45 years or more. Jobs in the industry are projected to increase in the five years from 2015 to In GWS the age ranges in 2006 & 2011 show decreases in the proportion of workers in each age range from years along with increases in the two older age ranges. Even though the number of jobs nationally is predicted to grow, this graph suggests that the industry is ageing with fewer young people already in the industry. Figure 26: Transport, Postal & Warehousing by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro In GWS in 2011, the industry employed 35,278 workers and was the eighth largest industry in the region. More than half (61.0%) of workers were aged 40 years or more with only 1.2% aged Page 59 of 93

60 19 years or less. Only 0.7% of workers were aged 70 years or more but 10.1% were aged years. Workers aged years made up the largest age group with 27.1% ahead of those aged years with 23.3%. Figure 27: Transport, Postal & Warehousing by age ranges GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The most common occupation in the industry in GWS was Truck Driver with 8,069 workers. Of those, 65.5% were aged 40 years or more and 34.5% were aged less than 40 years. Courier and Postal Deliverers were the second largest group with 61.3% aged 40 years or more and 38.7% aged years. Bus and Coach Drivers were the fourth largest occupation group with 82.4% of drivers aged 40 years and over. Mail Sorters were mostly older with 78.5% aged 40 years or more. There was a total of 202 Retail Managers of whom 76.7% were aged 40 years or more. In the following table, which shows the most common occupations in the industry, few occupations had a higher proportion of younger people. Those which did have a higher proportion were a mix of office based and manual occupations. Nearly two thirds (65.2%) of Freight and Furniture Handlers were aged years and 55.5% of Inquiry Clerks were in this age range. Page 60 of 93

61 Table 11:Transport, Postal & Warehousing by occupation & age ranges, GWS, 2011 Transport, Postal & Warehousing by occupation & age ranges, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Truck Drivers % % 8069 Couriers and Postal Deliverers % % 2305 Storepersons % % 2280 Bus and Coach Drivers % % 1762 Forklift Drivers % % 1635 Automobile Drivers % % 1508 Transport and Despatch Clerks % % 1029 Delivery Drivers % % 951 Mail Sorters % % 913 Transport Services Managers % % 863 General Clerks % % 832 Supply and Distribution Managers % % 822 Freight and Furniture Handlers % % 635 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks % % 589 Accounting Clerks % % 481 Train and Tram Drivers % % 455 Sales Assistants (General) % % 407 Keyboard Operators % % 378 Other Miscellaneous Labourers % % 371 Office Managers % % 334 Road and Rail Drivers nfd % % 325 Ticket Salespersons % % 316 Motor Mechanics % % 307 Sales Representatives % % 289 Secretaries % % 285 Inquiry Clerks % % 265 Bookkeepers % % 243 Security Officers and Guards % % 212 Advertising, Public Relations & Sales Managers % % 202 Retail Managers % % 202 Metal Fitters and Machinists % % 202 Accountants % % 182 Electricians % % 181 Receptionists % % 177 Railway Track Workers % % 172 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 166 Managers nfd % % 152 All other occupation in industry % % 4469 Total % % Page 61 of 93

62 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 62 of 93

63 Wholesale Trade The myfuture website describes Wholesale Traders as intermediaries in the business of distribution of merchandise as they tend not to deal with the public or advertise. Australian jobs described the industry as having a relatively low skill profile with about 41% holding no postschool qualifications. It was also male dominated with nearly two thirds of the workforce being male with most positions full-time work The following graph shows the change in age ranges for the Wholesale Trade industry in GWS from 2006 to It shows the two age ranges of years and years remaining quite static over five years. However, there were decreases in the younger two age ranges and increases in the older two age ranges. With half the workforce remaining static over two censuses it is unclear if the industry as a whole is ageing. Figure 28 Wholesale Trade by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro In GWS the industry employed 41,523 persons and was the 6th largest industry in There were 18,079 workers aged 39 years or less (43.5%) and 23,444 (56.5%) aged 40 years or more. Just over half (51.0%) of the workforce were aged between years. Page 63 of 93

64 Figure 29: Wholesale Trade by age ranges GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The most common occupation in Wholesale Trade was Storeperson (4,068 workers) with 46.7% aged 39 years or less and 53.3% aged 40 years or more. The next most common occupation was Sales Representative (3,515 workers) with 43.4% aged 39 years or less and 56.6% aged 40 years or more. There were 324 Chief Executives and Managing Directors but 90.7% (293 workers) of them were aged 40 years or more. There was a total of 1,919 Importers, Exporters and Wholesalers and 75.1% were aged 40 years or more. General managers were mostly aged over the age of 40 years (74.4%) as were Secretaries (73.4%), Specialist Mangers nfd. (77.6%) and Finance Managers (72.8%). Almost all (90.7%) of the 323 Chief Executive and Managing Directors were aged 40 years or more. Many of the jobs with a very high proportion of older workers were office based. ICT Support Technicians had the youngest profile with 68.0% age years, as did Advertising and Marketing Professionals (62.4%), Keyboard Operators (57.3%) and Sales Assistants (General) (57.4%) Page 64 of 93

65 Table 12: Wholesale trade occupations by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Wholesale trade by occupation & age ranges, GWS, years 40 years or more Occupation Total No % No % Storepersons % % 4068 Sales Representatives % % 3515 Advertising, Public Relations & Sales Managers % % 2127 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks % % 2083 Importers, Exporters and Wholesalers % % 1919 Accounting Clerks % % 1625 Forklift Drivers % % 1268 General Clerks % % 1246 Technical Sales Representatives % % 1146 Accountants % % 994 Sales Assistants (General) % % 992 Truck Drivers % % 742 Office Managers % % 673 Advertising and Marketing Professionals % % 598 Delivery Drivers % % 591 Packers % % 580 Retail Managers % % 563 Supply and Distribution Managers % % 545 Inquiry Clerks % % 525 Motor Vehicle and Vehicle Parts Salespersons % % 501 Finance Managers % % 438 General Managers % % 430 Keyboard Operators % % 415 Receptionists % % 414 Motor Mechanics % % 389 Call or Contact Centre & Customer Service Managers % % 372 Bookkeepers % % 372 Metal Fitters and Machinists % % 361 Transport and Despatch Clerks % % 334 Chief Executives and Managing Directors % % 323 Secretaries % % 305 Managers nfd % % 293 Production Managers % % 289 Electronics Trades Workers % % 239 Other Specialist Managers % % 225 ICT Support Technicians % % 225 ICT Managers % % 223 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 205 Human Resource Managers % % 199 Personal Assistants % % 197 Garden and Nursery Labourers % % 197 Specialist Managers nfd % % 196 All other occupation in industry % % 8263 Total % % Page 65 of 93

66 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 66 of 93

67 Industries that had more young employees than older employees The previous sections have shown industries with predominantly older workers. These are generally industries in which employees have qualifications and/or significant experience and have worked in the industry for many years. The industries in the following section have a different set of circumstances where a high proportion of positions within the industry are able to be filled with workers who participate in on the job training and become productive employees within a short time. These positions may be filled by students who are also studying to gain qualifications and work in other industries. With an ongoing supply of students and others looking for short-term employment rather than a career, it may be assumed that there is an unlimited supply of future candidates for these positions, unless current policies or the requirements of the positions change. The six industries with younger workers were: Accommodation and Food Services Arts and Recreation Services Construction Financial and Insurance Services Information, Media and Telecommunication Retail Trade Page 67 of 93

68 Accommodation and Food Services The Australian Jobs website describes the industry overall as an attractive option for youth (15-24 years) who want to combine work and study and gain important workplace skills. At the national level, the industry had a high proportion of females (54%); more than half the workers had no post school qualifications; 58% were employed part-time, and the industry was predicted to have strong growth over the next five years. The Accommodation and Food Services workforce in GWS mirrors the makeup of the national workforce with just over one quarter (25.2%) of workers being aged years. A further 28.0% are aged years meaning 53.2% of all workers in Accommodation and Food Services in GWS in 2011 were aged less than 30 years of age. There was a steep drop down to those aged years (15.3%) and a further steep drop in the two oldest age ranges with only 4.4% of people aged 60 years or over. Figure 30: Accommodation & Food Services by age Ranges GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The following graph with figures for 2006 and 2011 shows large proportions of younger workers in both years. The figures for this graph come from a different table so the figures are slightly different to the previous graph. The proportion of workers aged years increased from Page 68 of 93

69 26.3% in 2006 to 28.0% in There was in increase in older workers in both the years age range and the 60 years or more age ranges but a decrease in those aged years. Overall the industry had a young workforce in 2006 and again in Figure 31: Accommodation & Food Services by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The top five occupations in this industry were overwhelmingly filled by workers aged years. 90.5% of Sales Assistants (General) were in this age range along with 81.1% of Waiters, 79.5% of Bar Attendants & Baristas, 73.1% of Kitchenhands and 86.6% of Fast Food Cooks. Occupations that need qualifications or experience tended to be filled by older persons with 55.3% of Café & Restaurant Mangers aged 40 years or more, 59.5% of General Managers, 59.2% of Bookkeepers and 67.4% of Office Managers. Throughout this paper, a trend has appeared for occupations associated with maintenance, such as Handypersons, Cleaners and Laundry workers to be filled by workers aged 40 years or more. The Accommodation and Food Services industry is no different with 63.7% of Housekeepers, 64.9% of Commercial Cleaners and 74.8% of Handypersons the majority being aged 40 years or more. Page 69 of 93

70 Table 13: Industry occupations, GWS, 2011 Accommodation & Food Services occupations by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Sales Assistants (General) % % 3924 Waiters % % 3784 Bar Attendants and Baristas % % 3651 Kitchenhands % % 3507 Fast Food Cooks % % 2338 Chefs % % 2209 Cafe and Restaurant Managers % % 1917 Retail Managers % % 1499 Cooks % % 1464 Cafe Workers % % 1124 Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers % % 1022 Hotel and Motel Managers % % 560 Receptionists % % 488 Commercial Cleaners % % 476 Licensed Club Managers % % 454 Housekeepers % % 421 Delivery Drivers % % 364 Hospitality Workers nfd % % 342 Vending Machine Attendants % % 319 General Clerks % % 187 Bakers and Pastrycooks % % 183 Hotel Service Managers % % 167 Retail Supervisors % % 166 Conference and Event Organisers % % 159 Storepersons % % 141 Accounting Clerks % % 121 Other Hospitality Workers % % 117 General Managers % % 111 Handypersons % % 111 Greenkeepers % % 104 Not stated % % 104 Accountants % % 103 Other Accommodation & Hospitality Managers % % 102 Security Officers and Guards % % 101 Bookkeepers % % 98 Office Managers % % 95 Call/Contact Centre & Customer Serv. Managers % % 84 Advertising, Public Relations & Sales Managers % % 82 Inquiry Clerks % % 77 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks % % 77 Human Resource Managers % % 68 All other occupations in industry % % 2184 Total % % Page 70 of 93

71 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 71 of 93

72 Arts and Recreation Services The Arts & Recreation Services industry accounts for 2% of Australia s workforce. The industry covers a diverse range of activities including the operation of casinos, museums, parks and gardens, creative and performing arts, and professional and recreational sports with jobs in the Sport & Recreation sub industry accounting for more than half the total jobs in the industry The Arts & Recreation industry workforce is relatively young and has a high incidence of part-time work. In 2011 in GWS the industry employed a total of 10,508 workers (1.2% of the GWS workforce). It was the fourth smallest industry out of the nineteen industries counted in the census. The age group with the largest number of workers (30.5%) were those aged years. People aged years of age accounted for 61.3% of all workers in this industry. A further 17.7% were aged years. The remaining 21% were aged 50 years or over. Figure 32: Arts & Recreation Services by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro This may be one industry that is not experiencing an ageing workforce. There was a slight increase in the proportion of workers aged 19 years or less and years. At the same time the proportion of workers aged years decrease by between one and two percent. However, there was an increase in the proportion of workers aged 60 years or more. Page 72 of 93

73 Figure 33: Arts & Recreation Services by age ranges, GWs, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Sports related occupations filled four of the five most common occupations in this industry Sports Coaches, Instructors and Officials were at the top of the list (534 workers) with 76.6% of them aged years. Most Fitness Instructors (76.6%) were aged years and 92.5% of Sportspersons were aged years. The third most common occupation was Amusement, Fitness and Sports Centre Managers with only slightly more workers aged years (52.6%) than those aged 40 years or more (47.4%). Betting Clerks were the fourth most common occupation and had a higher percentage of workers over the age of 40 years (57.6%) than under the age of 40 years (42.4%). Although this was a relatively young workforce, many of the positions held by a higher proportion of workers aged 40 years and over were generally those requiring higher levels of qualifications or experience. Page 73 of 93

74 Table 14: Arts & Recreation Services occupations by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Arts & Recreation Services by occupation and age GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Sports Coaches, Instructors and Officials % % 535 Fitness Instructors % % 401 Amusement, Fitness & Sports Cent. Managers % % 293 Betting Clerks % % 278 Sportspersons % % 254 Greenkeepers % % 235 Receptionists % % 235 Bar Attendants and Baristas % % 221 Sales Assistants (General) % % 211 Livestock Farm Workers % % 183 Animal Attendants and Trainers % % 161 Music Professionals % % 147 General Clerks % % 142 Waiters % % 132 Other Specialist Managers % % 131 Child Carers % % 116 Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers % % 111 Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals % % 105 Other Hospitality Workers % 7 6.7% 105 Conference and Event Organisers % % 100 Inquiry Clerks % % 93 Advertising, Public Rel. & Sales Managers % % 90 Other Miscellaneous Labourers % % 90 Inadequately described % % 89 Retail Managers % % 77 Kitchenhands % % 77 Authors, and Book and Script Editors % % 75 Gardeners % % 73 Accounting Clerks % % 73 Journalists and Other Writers % % 61 Cafe Workers % 4 6.7% 60 Licensed Club Managers % % 59 Chief Executives and Managing Directors % % 58 Office Managers % % 58 Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers % % 56 Commercial Cleaners % % 55 Chefs % % 53 Other Hospitality, Retail & Serv. Managers % % 52 General Managers % % 51 All other occupations in industry % % 1954 Total % % 7350 Page 74 of 93

75 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 75 of 93

76 Construction As the third largest industry in Australia, Construction accounts for around 9% of the workforce. It is an industry that is predominantly male, with only 11% female workers and is characterized by full-time work. Around 52% of workers hold a Certificate III or higher VET qualifications, only 9% hold a Bachelor degree or higher but there are around 54,000 trainees or apprentices in the industry. The workforce also tended to be younger with 35% of the workforce aged 45 year or over ( ). In GWS, Construction was the 7 th largest industry employing 39,521 workers (6.3%). Just over half (54.2%) of workers were aged years. It also employed the third highest number of young people in GWS with 3,575 workers aged 19 years or less. Only Retail Trade, and Accommodation and Food services employed more young people than Construction. Figure 34: Construction by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The following graph illustrates changes in the age makeup of the construction industry over two censuses. It shows decreased in the proportion of young people in the industry and increases in the proportion of older workers. Workers aged 60 years or more increased from 5.2% in 2006 to 6.7% in The proportion of workers aged 19 years or less stayed quite static. The increases and decreases were quite small but it does indicate a young industry that could be considered young but shows signs of ageing workforce. Page 76 of 93

77 Figure 35: Construction by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Electricians were the largest occupation group (3,198 workers) with 66.2% aged years and 33.8% aged 40 years or more. There were nearly as many Construction Managers (2,491 workers) but these were older with 56.8% aged 40 years or more. Gardeners (70.9%) and Airconditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics (70.3%) were mostly aged years. Once again Chief Executives & Managing Directors (76.0%), Managers nfd (68.9%), Handypersons (76.0%) and Secretaries (69.6%) were overwhelmingly aged 40 years or more. Page 77 of 93

78 Table 15: Construction occupations by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Construction by occupation & age ranges, GWS, years 40 years & over Occupation Total No % No % Electricians % % 3198 Construction Managers % % 2491 Plumbers % % 2438 Carpenters and Joiners % % 2380 Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians % % 1501 General Clerks % % 1360 Building and Plumbing Labourers % % 1181 Accounting Clerks % % 999 Secretaries % % 945 Office Managers % % 939 Concreters % % 930 Painting Trades Workers % % 901 Earthmoving Plant Operators % % 827 Bookkeepers % % 699 Gardeners % % 622 Truck Drivers % % 578 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 552 Plasterers % % 550 Civil Engineering Professionals % % 526 Airconditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics % % 522 Insulation and Home Improvement Installers % % 504 Bricklayers and Stonemasons % % 492 Sales Representatives % % 492 Handypersons % % 445 Structural Steel Construction Workers % % 426 Wall and Floor Tilers % % 358 Receptionists % % 342 Accountants % % 333 Other Miscellaneous Labourers % % 323 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers % % 294 Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers % % 293 Roof Tilers % % 287 Electronics Trades Workers % % 276 Metal Fitters and Machinists % % 266 Chief Executives and Managing Directors % % 258 Managers nfd % % 254 Crane, Hoist and Lift Operators % % 249 Floor Finishers % % 247 Fencers % % 240 All other occupation in industry % % 9003 Total % % Page 78 of 93

79 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 79 of 93

80 Financial & Insurance Services Financial & Insurance Services is a highly-qualified industry with more than half of the workforce holding a Bachelor degree or higher and a further 21% holding a Certificate III or higher VET qualification. This results in a low percentage of the workforce being young due to the extra time taken to gain qualifications. However, 51% of the workforce is female which is higher than the all industries average of 46% In GWS in 2011, the industry employed 21,240 workers, making it the 12 th industry by size with 3.4% of the total workforce. 61.3% of the Finance & Insurance Services workforce was aged years. Only 1.5% were aged less than 19 years. Workers age years 28.4%) were the largest group followed by those aged years (24.5%). The proportion of people in the industry began to drop dramatically for workers aged years and again for those aged years. Only 5.5% of workers were aged 60 years or more. Figure 36: Financial & Insurance Services by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Although more than half the Financial and Insurance Services workforce was aged years, the proportion of workers years and years decreased between 2006 and All the age ranges from 30 years of age onwards experienced an increase in proportions. This Page 80 of 93

81 points towards an ageing workforce and may mean in the next census we see this in the section on industries with more older workers than younger workers. Figure 37: Financial & Insurance Services by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The most common occupation in this industry was Bank Worker with a total of 4,321 workers made up of 54.7% aged years and 45.3% aged 40 years or more. Insurance, Money Market & Statistical Clerks were the next most common occupation, with of 64.0% aged years and 36.0% aged 40 years or more. Financial Brokers tended to be older with 60.4% aged 40 years or more. 75.7% of Secretaries and 71.0% of General Managers were aged 40 years and over. The vast majority (90.4%) of Telemarketers were aged years, as were Call or Contact Centre Workers (75.7%) and Human Resource Professionals (85.2%). Page 81 of 93

82 Table 16: Financial & Insurance Service occupation by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Financial & Insurance Services by occupation, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Bank Workers % % 4321 Insurance, Money Market and Statistical Clerks % % 1674 Credit and Loans Officers (Aus) / Finance Clerks (NZ) % % 1545 Financial Brokers % % 1075 Other Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers % % 955 Financial Investment Advisers and Managers % % 923 General Clerks % % 643 Call or Contact Centre Workers % % 575 Insurance Agents % % 564 Inquiry Clerks % % 527 Financial Dealers % % 393 Accounting Clerks % % 391 Management and Organisation Analysts % % 371 Accountants % % 370 Software and Applications Programmers % % 345 Finance Managers % % 343 ICT Managers % % 305 ICT Business and Systems Analysts % % 299 Keyboard Operators % % 254 Insurance Invest., Loss Adjusters & Risk Surveyors % % 254 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers % % 251 Debt Collectors % % 249 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 220 Office Managers % % 205 Personal Assistants % % 179 Call or Contact Centre and Customer Service Managers % % 164 ICT Professionals nfd % % 152 ICT Support Technicians % % 148 Database & Systems Admin., & ICT Security Specialists % % 140 Receptionists % % 140 Other Specialist Managers % % 136 Training and Development Professionals % % 121 Secretaries % % 111 Human Resource Professionals % % 108 Human Resource Managers % % 102 General Managers % % 93 Auditors, Company Secretaries & Corp. Treasurers % % 93 Managers nfd % % 91 Professionals nfd % % 88 Telemarketers % 8 9.6% 83 Computer Network Professionals % % 79 Bookkeepers % % 76 Storepersons % % 75 All other occupation in industry % % 1900 Total % % Page 82 of 93

83 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Information Media and Telecommunication The Information Media and Telecommunication industry covers businesses involved in newspaper and Internet publishing, radio, broadcasting and telecommunications infrastructure and networks. A total of 220,000 (2% of national workforce) people were employed. People working in the industry tend to be male and hold post school qualifications more likely to be a Bachelor Degree or higher as although two thirds of workers hold a qualification, the proportion with a Cert III or higher VET qualification (24%) was much lower than the all industry average of 32%. The proportion of women in the industry was slightly lower than the all industry average and workers tended to be aged between 25 and 45 years. ( In GWS in 2011 this was the 17th largest industry with 6,811 workers (1.1% of the GWS workforce). Just over half (51.8%) the workers were aged years and 48.2% were aged 40 years or more. The largest single age group were those age years (23.9%) ahead of those aged years (22.4%) and years (22.2%). Only 6.9% of workers were aged 60 years or more. Figure 38: Information, Media & Telecommunications by Age Ranges, GWS, 2011 Page 83 of 93

84 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro This industry did not appear to be experiencing an ageing workforce. Although the proportion of workers aged 19 years or less decreased between 2006 and 2011, this was compensated for by an increase in the proportion of workers and years and no change occurring in the year age range. The proportion of workers aged years decreased slightly in the same time period and there was a small increase from 3.5% to 4.8% for workers aged 60 years or more. Figure 39: Information, Media & Telecommunications by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Page 84 of 93

85 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The most common occupation in this industry was Telecommunications Trades Worker with 549 workers, 55.9% of those aged 40 years or more. Young people aged years, tended to be employed as Ticket Salespersons (95.4%); ICT Sales Assistants (87.2%); and Other Miscellaneous Labourers (71.9%) which are generally lower level positions not requiring postschool qualifications. One exception was Advertising and Marketing Professionals with 78.2% aged years. Page 85 of 93

86 Table 17: Information, Media & Telecommunications by occupation, GWS, 2011 Information, Media & Telecommunications by occupatio, GWS, 2011 Occupation years 40 years or more No % No % Total Telecommunications Trades Workers % % 549 Journalists and Other Writers % % 331 Printers % % 295 Ticket Salespersons % % 240 ICT Sales Assistants % % 219 Sales Representatives % % 208 Other Miscellaneous Labourers % % 192 Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators % % 170 Telecommunications Engineering Professionals % % 154 General Clerks % % 150 Telecommunications Technical Specialists % % 148 Advertising, Public Relations and Sales Managers % % 130 General Managers % % 124 Accounting Clerks % % 120 ICT Managers % % 114 Printing Assistants and Table Workers % % 108 Film, Television, Radio and Stage Directors % % 103 Inquiry Clerks % % 102 Storepersons % % 99 Performing Arts Technicians % % 98 Keyboard Operators % % 93 Other Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers % % 92 Sales Assistants (General) % % 92 Artistic Directors, & Media Producers & Presenters % % 79 Retail Managers % % 78 Contract, Program and Project Administrators % % 71 Purchasing and Supply Logistics Clerks % % 71 Other Machine Operators % % 71 Inadequately described % % 71 Library Assistants % % 70 Office Managers % % 68 Production Managers % % 66 Accountants % % 65 Librarians % % 63 Graphic Pre-press Trades Workers % % 62 Gallery, Library and Museum Technicians % % 58 Authors, and Book and Script Editors % % 57 ICT Support Technicians % % 57 Advertising and Marketing Professionals % % 55 Packers % % 55 Machine Operators nfd % % 54 Chief Executives and Managing Directors % % 52 Bookkeepers % % 52 Receptionists % % 49 Call/Contact Centre & Customer Service Managers % % 48 All other occupations in industry % % 1508 Total % % 6811 Page 86 of 93

87 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Page 87 of 93

88 Retail Trade Retail trade was the second largest industry in Australia in 2010 and although it experienced lower than average growth over the previous five years, it is projected to have strong growth over the next five years. It is an industry with 55% females; a young workforce; and more than half the jobs being part-time, making it compatible with study and carer responsibilities. Many workers do not have post school qualifications. It was also the second largest industry in GWS, behind Manufacturing and slightly ahead of Health Care and Social Services. The largest group of workers were those aged years (26.2%). Overall, 59.1% of workers were aged 39 years or less and 40.9% aged 40 years and over. Only 6.6% of workers were aged 60 years or more. Figure 40: Retail Trade by age ranges, GWS, 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro Although Retail Trade was dominated by younger workers there were indications that the industry is experiencing ageing. The proportion of workers aged 19 years or less decreased from 15.8% to 12.3% while the proportion of workers aged years increased by only 28.5% and the proportion of year olds from 19.5% to 20.4%. The proportion of workers aged years decreased from 19.3% in 2006 to 18.4% in 2011 but this was counteracted by Page 88 of 93

89 increases in the proportion of year olds (13.4% to 14.4%) and those aged 60 years or more (4.3% to 6.0%). Figure 41: Retail Trade by age ranges, GWS, 2006 & 2011 Source: ABS Census 2011, Tablebuilder Pro The most common occupation in the Retail Industry was Sales Assistant with 21,154 workers which was 29.24% of the total Retail workforce. More than two thirds (64.0%) of Sales Assistants were aged years. The next most common occupation was Retail Manager (8,692 workers) with slightly more people aged 40 years or more (525%) than those aged 39 years or less (47.5%). Checkout Operators and Office Cashiers (5,934 workers) were the third largest group and had more than three quarters of workers (76.3%) aged years. There was a total of 399 ICT Sales Assistants (who sell computing & telecommunication related goods) in GWS and 81.0% of those workers were aged years. Although the workforce appears to be younger than many, this is due to large numbers of young people in entry level and unqualified positions but the proportion workers over the age of 40 years increased in line with the level of qualification, experience or skills required for a position. Page 89 of 93