QUANTIFYING THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

Transcription

1 A Florida Scorecard Research Project QUANTIFYING THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE FOR WORKERS WITH DISABILITIES IN FLORIDA Released on January 6, 216 By: Jerry D. Parrish, Ph.D., Chief Economist and Director of Research, Florida Chamber Foundation

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As Florida prepares for its future workforce including the continuing retirement of baby boomers, each component of the potential workforce can contribute to the estimated two million additional jobs needed in Florida by 23. One component of the workforce analyzed here is the population of Floridians with disabilities. There is no regularly-published data on the employment and unemployment rates for Floridians with disabilities. Indeed, the only monthly data available is at a national level. To establish a starting point that can be used for future analysis of the effectiveness of programs designed to help Floridians with disabilities who want to work, this paper estimates both a state-wide unemployment rate for persons with disabilities (PWDs) in Florida as well as unemployment rates for individual counties. There are more than 1. million 1 Floridians with disabilities in the age range of 16 to 65 the typical age group looked at for potential workforce. Currently 62.9 percent of Floridians with disabilities are not in the workforce, therefore they are not counted in the calculation of the unemployment rate, because only those looking for work recently are included in the unemployed category. Whether they are not in the workforce because they have given up looking for work or for some other reason, this translates to more than 7, Floridians with disabilities who are not in the workforce according to the latest data available. Results show that during 214, the annual average overall unemployment rate was 6.3 percent in Florida. The calculated unemployment rate for Floridians with disabilities, using data for Florida s 4 mostpopulated counties, was 1.1 percent. When comparing the county-level distributions of unemployment rates for Florida s population with a disability and for those without disability, the unemployment rates for those without disability are concentrated in a smaller range around the statewide overall rate, with a relatively low standard deviation. Those county-level unemployment rates for Floridians with a disability have a much-wider range and are in most cases substantially higher. This variability could be due to multiple reasons such as difference in resources available to help find employment, differences in types of disabilities, and measurement error. This unknown variability calls for further research in order to find out what can explain the substantially higher variation. This newly-produced data will be used on The Florida Scorecard and will offer Florida policymakers a new tool to help quantify the amount of progress Florida makes over the next several years in utilizing Floridians with disabilities in the state s workforce. 1 This calculation uses data from the 4 most-populated counties in Florida that are reported in the American Community Survey (ACS) for 214. Therefore the statewide total would be higher. 2

3 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE FOR WORKERS WITH DISABILITIES As Florida prepares for the future, it will be faced with the retirement of substantial numbers of baby boomers, a changing economy, and the addition of up to 6 million new residents by 23. These future changes call for mobilizing and training workers for the expected additional 2 million jobs needed during that time. Therefore it is important to know as much as possible about each component of the current and future Florida workforce. One group of the workforce that may provide substantial opportunities for Florida employers is persons with disabilities who want to work. However, there exists no known regular reporting of the amount of workers and potential workers in Florida who have a disability. Indeed, there is no regularly-published data that quantifies statistics such as this group s unemployment rate at the state and county level in Florida. There is, however, monthly data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, which publishes a monthly national unemployment rate for individuals with a disability 2. The data series starts in June 2. The data shows that the unemployment rate for individuals with a disability is higher than the overall rate in the U.S. Both series include individuals 16 years and older 3, with the latest data included being the November 2 estimates. 2 Unemployment Rate: Overall (U3) versus Persons with a Disability Percent, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1 5 January 29 January 21 January 2 January 212 January 2 January 214 January 2 November 2 The data used to estimate both series are from the Current Population Survey (CPS), conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau. The questions used in the survey are shown in Appendix 1. The survey population is approximately 6, households nationwide. To be included in the numbers, the respondents must report 4 the presence of someone 16 or older in their household with a disability. 2 Data series is LNU474597, from FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data), Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 3 Note that these series use 16 years and older, while those used later in this paper use 16 to 65 years 4 Reporting is voluntary, therefore under-reporting could result in an underestimate of the actual number of individuals in the population who have a disability. In this paper, without a disability is equivalent to no reported disability. 3

4 EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES A useful tool for Florida policymakers would be a detailed, regularly-published unemployment rate for persons with disabilities (PWDs) in this state, so that analyzing the data could show where policies are making a difference in helping those persons with disabilities that want to work find jobs. To create a reliable estimate, the population of individuals with disabilities was analyzed. When it comes to employment, there are substantial differences between individuals with a disability and the group that do not have a disability. A large percentage of the PWD population is not in the labor force 5. In Florida, that percentage is 62.9 percent. This data comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which estimates data on persons with disabilities only in the 4 most-populated counties in Florida 6. The charts showing this group will be labeled 4-County Florida. Also of significance is the difference in percentage between the non-disabled population and the population with disabilities in the category Employed. Only 3.4 percent of the PWD population is employed, compared to 73.5 percent of the population without a disability in the 16 to 65-year-old category. This difference of 43.1 percentage points is substantial if the individuals with disabilities desire to work, it could be a potential source of workforce for Florida employers and could help fill some of the gaps left as large numbers of workers leave the workforce over the next few years for retirement. Percentage 6 Percentages Employed, Unemployed Not in Labor Force for 4-County Florida 73.5% 62.9% 4 3.4% With Disability Overall 2 2.6% 6.7% 5.9% Employed Unemployed Not in Labor Force The calculations show that 3.4 percent of PWDs are employed, 6.7 percent are unemployed, and 62.9 percent are not in the labor force. Compared to what we know about Florida s population in these same counties, Floridians with disabilities have a much smaller percentage employed, and a much higher percentage that are not in the labor force. Appendix 2 shows data by category. 4 5 The definition of not in the workforce is people who are neither employed nor unemployed and seeking employment. 6 This group of 4 counties accounts for approximately 96.4% of Florida s population.

5 Number of Floridians with Disability by Employment Category (4 Counties) 344,1 7, % EMPLOYED 62.9% NOT IN LABOR FORCE 6.7% 76,2 UNEMPLOYED Within this population of Floridians with disabilities, there are several different types of disabilities each with differing challenges for both employers and employees. The chart below shows the percentages employed by type of disability, as categorized by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This chart indicates percentages actually employed in the 16 to 65 age range. One can see that those with a hearing disability have the highest employment percentage, with more than half of those who want to work having employment. Appendices 3 through 5 show the details. Percent Employed by Type of Disability Hearing 5.2% Visual.6% Ambulatory 23.9% Cognitive 23.7% Independent Living.3% Self Care.2%

6 When dividing the group of individuals with disabilities by age and race, the below statistics indicate that although there are differences between the groups, each has an estimated percent employed within the range of 25.1 to 3.2 percent. Percent Employed by Select Groups Male 31.7% Female 29.9% Non-Hispanic 3.6% Hispanic 31.9% Native American or Alaskan 3.2% Black 25.1% White 31.6% The data also provides an opportunity to compare Florida to the U.S. and other large states. Note that in each of the categories, the state of Texas has higher employment percentages for individuals with disabilities than does the Florida, California, and the U.S. as a whole, and Florida has the lowest of any of this group in each of these categories. Percent Employed by Type of Disability All Visual Hearing Ambulatory Cognitive Self Care Independent Living US California Florida Texas 6

7 THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY (ACS) 4-COUNTY DATA The American Community Survey (ACS) data from the U.S. Census Bureau 7 provides information on Florida s 4 most-populous counties, although there is no detailed employment data for Florida s leastpopulated 27 counties. Using this info, found in Appendix 6, the unemployment rate in 214 for Floridians with disabilities was calculated for Florida s 4 most-populated counties and is shown in the following table. Percent Unemployed By County in Florida ALACHUA BAY BREVARD BROWARD CHARLOTTE CITRUS CLAY COLLIER COLUMBIA DUVAL ESCAMBIA FLAGLER HERNANDO HIGHLANDS HILLSBOROUGH INDIAN RIVER LAKE LEE LEON MANATEE MARION MARTIN MIAMI-DADE MONROE NASSAU OKALOOSA ORANGE OSCEOLA PALM BEACH PASCO PINELLAS POLK PUTNAM ST. JOHNS ST. LUCIE SANTA ROSA SARASOTA SEMINOLE SUMTER VOLUSIA 214 OVERALL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE 5.2% 6.3% 6.9% 5.% 6.7%.5% 5.7% 5.9% 6.5% 6.7% 6.3% 7.5% 7.9%.2% 5.% 7.% 6.4% 6.% 5.5% 5.7% 7.3% 6.1% 6.% 4.1% 5.% 5.1% 5.% 6.7% 5.9% 6.7% 5.% 7.1%.7% 4.7%.% 5.4% 5.% 5.6% 7.7% 6.7% 214 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE FOR FLORIDIANS WITH DISABILITIES 12.% 14.5% 2.7% 21.3% 21.% 24.4% 19.2% 6.2%.3%.1% 14.6% 21.3% 29.5% 29.7%.% 36.9% 2.7% 22.1% 16.%.3% 21.6%.% 1.% 3.% 21.6% 6.% 2.% 1.7% 17.% 17.6% 17.% 23.2% 1.1% 7.4% 17.3% 12.5%.7% 21.4% 2.6%.9% 7 Both the ACS and CPS use a similar set of six questions to identify persons with disabilities 7

8 Using both these estimates of unemployment rates for the 4 counties with data from ACS, the probability distribution functions for both these series were constructed and placed on the following chart. Distributions of 214 Unemployment Rates for Counties 4 F R E Q U E N C Y Probability Distribution of County Overall Unemployment Rates Probability Distribution of County Unemployment Rates for People with Disabilities 5 % 5% 1% % 2% 25% 3% 35% 4% UNEMPLOYMENT RATE PERCENTAGE What is very clear from this chart, using data for the highest-population Florida counties, is that the variability in unemployment rates for individuals with disabilities is many times higher than for the standard overall unemployment rate. One can see that the chart shows a substantially higher mean unemployment rate, as well as substantial variation in the county rates. Whether this means inconsistencies in programs to help individuals with disabilities around the state, or perhaps some other reason, the differences are very large. ESTIMATING THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE FOR FLORIDA S 27 LOWEST- POPULATION COUNTIES The percentage of Florida s population in the 4 most-populous Florida counties is 96.4 percent. Of the population in Florida during the 214 calendar year, the 27 counties without current data whose unemployment rate for persons with disabilities, which are estimated below, account for an estimated 712,9 people. Therefore, although this method may produce less precise estimates than ideal, the overall percentage of this area compared to the high population counties suggests that this would not be a large issue statewide. This estimate was created using the median ratio of unemployment rate for individuals with disabilities as a multiple of the published U-3 9 unemployment rate for that county. Note that these estimates at the county level could have wide confidence intervals. The estimates for the county unemployment rate for the population with disabilities are in the chart below, beside the official 214 overall unemployment rate 1 for each of Florida s 27 counties that are not covered by the ACS survey. The estimated population was 19.7 million in The U3 rate is the officially recognized rate of unemployment and is the most commonly-used measure 1 Bureau of Labor Statistics data. laucnty14 data set.

9 Percent Unemployed By County in Florida BAKER BRADFORD CALHOUN DESOTO DIXIE FRANKLIN GADSDEN GILCHRIST GLADES GULF HAMILTON HARDEE HENDRY HOLMES JACKSON JEFFERSON LAFAYETTE LEVY LIBERTY MADISON OKEECHOBEE SUWANEE TAYLOR UNION WAKULLA WALTON WASHINGTON 214 OVERALL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE 6.3% 5.6% 6.9% 7.1% 7.5% 5.5%.% 6.5% 7.2% 6.% 7.% 7.7% 1.6% 6.% 6.4% 6.5% 5.2% 6.9% 6.5% 7.4% 7.3% 6.2% 7.% 6.% 5.2% 5.3% 6.7% 214 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE FOR FLORIDIANS WITH DISABILITIES 17.3%.3% 1.9% 19.5% 2.6%.1% 21.9% 17.% 19.7% 16.4% 21.4% 21.1% 29.% 1.6% 17.5% 17.% 14.2% 1.9% 17.% 2.3% 2.% 17.% 19.2% 16.4% 14.2% 14.5% 1.4% FLORIDA S FUTURE As Florida s policymakers look to help Florida s individuals with disabilities, they will be able to use this data as a benchmark for future evaluation of their policies. There are policies that can directly help this population, and they are often the same policies that help other populations in Florida, including improving education, improving health, and reducing poverty in the state. The chart on the next page shows that Florida has made substantial progress in raising the percentages of high school graduation rates, especially for those with disabilities. High-school graduation rates by this calculation (See Appendix for data from Florida s Department of Education) have increased, but the percentage increase is substantially higher for students with disabilities. From 4. percent in the 29-1 school year to 55.1 percent in the most recent data available that s more than a 37 percent (and more than percentage-point) increase. Data is shown in Appendix 7. 9

10 Florida High School Graduation Rates % 44.4% 47.% 52.3% 55.1% 73.5% 74.4% 77.9% 7.% 79.% With a Disability Without a Disability Increased high school graduation rates can have substantial impacts on lifetime earning ability and therefore the ability to live independently. Another thing that can have a substantial impact on individuals with disabilities and Florida s future is the reduction of poverty in our state. There is a connection between poverty and disability, in that if you reduce poverty you reduce the incidence of disability. Also, if you reduce disability, you reduce the number of people in poverty. There are multiple reasons for the connection, including that those in poverty may not have adequate nutrition and health care to avoid some types of disability, and those who have one or more disabilities may not have the same earning potential as those without disabilities. Many studies confirm the correlation between poverty and disability. In a recent article reviewing the literature on the connection between poverty a having a disability published in the Journal of Disability Policy Studies, the author examines the links between having a disability and being in poverty. The Center for Poverty Research at the University of California at Davis indicates that the U.S. poverty rate for individuals with a disability was 29 percent in 214, compared to only 12 percent for those without a disability Disability and Poverty: A Conceptual Review. Journal of Disability Policy Studies. Palmer, Michael 21(4) (2) 12

11 CONCLUSION This report analyzes the employment and unemployment status of Floridians with disabilities. Using available data, state and county-level estimates were calculated for persons with disabilities in Florida s 4 most populated counties. Florida s calculated unemployment rate for individuals with disabilities was 1.1 percent during 214. Data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics indicate that Florida s 214 overall unemployment rate was 6.3 percent during the same time period. One of the most interesting results is that there is not only a higher unemployment rate for Floridians with disabilities, but the variability in rates (measured by range and by standard deviation) across counties is substantially higher for individuals with disabilities than for the overall rate. Using information from those 4 counties, an estimate for unemployment of persons with disabilities was created for Florida s 27 least-populated counties and information for all of Florida s 67 counties will be accessible for Florida policymakers through inclusion on The Florida Scorecard. The Florida Chamber Foundation will continue to research and report about policies that impact employment in Florida, helping Florida prepare for the future. This research was funded in part by a grant from The Able Trust. For information on the report findings, contact Jerry D. Parrish, Ph.D., Chief Economist and Director of Research, Florida Chamber Foundation at jparrish@flfoundation.org or Visit the Florida Chamber Foundation website at or call us at Report available for download at

12 APPENDIX 1. QUESTIONS USED IN THE SURVEY TO ESTIMATE DISABLED PERSONS BY U.S. CENSUS BUREAU ON CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY (CPS). The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify persons with disabilities. In the CPS, persons are classified as having a disability if there is a response of yes to any of these questions. The disability questions appear in the CPS in the following format: This month we want to learn about people who have physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause serious difficulty with their daily activities. Please answer for household members who are years old or over. --Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious difficulty hearing? --Is anyone blind or does anyone have serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses? --Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does anyone have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions? --Does anyone have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs? --Does anyone have difficulty dressing or bathing? --Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does anyone have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor s office or shopping? The CPS questions for identifying individuals with disabilities are only asked of household members who are age and older. Each of the questions ask the respondent whether anyone in the household has the condition described, and if the respondent replies yes, they are then asked to identify everyone in the household who has the condition. Labor force measures from the CPS are tabulated for persons age 16 and older. More information on the disability questions and the limitations of the CPS disability data is available on the BLS website at

13 APPENDIX 2 Categories and Percentages by County ALACHUA BAY BREVARD BROWARD CHARLOTTE CITRUS CLAY COLLIER COLUMBIA DUVAL ESCAMBIA FLAGLER HERNANDO HIGHLANDS HILLSBOROUGH INDIAN RIVER LAKE LEE LEON MANATEE MARION MARTIN MIAMI-DADE MONROE NASSAU OKALOOSA ORANGE OSCEOLA PALM BEACH PASCO PINELLAS POLK PUTNAM ST. JOHNS ST. LUCIE SANTA ROSA SARASOTA SEMINOLE SUMTER VOLUSIA EMPLOYED 3,55 5,492 1,9 32,594 3,46 2,59 4,62 5,56 1,16 24,54 5,335 2, 2, 1,299 24,29 1,767 7,,997 7,556 5,176 4,77 2,941 34,63 2,565 1,529 4,624 22,9 6,72 23,74 9,12 21,22,514 1,74 4,422 6,56 4,57 4,29 6,63 1,551 1,273 EMPLOYED PERCENT 26.7% 33.4% 27.% 34.% 25.7% 17.1% 32.7% 45.7% 3.3% 35.% 26.2% 25.2%.4% 19.% 33.7% 2.4% 34.1% 25.2% 46.3% 29.4% 19.2% 35.5% 29.6% 47.9% 25.7% 32.6% 33.5% 2.% 34.9% 24.1% 3.6% 26.% 25.% 42.3% 2.1% 31.2% 23.4% 26.3% 23.% 29.4% UNEMPLOYED 5, ,645, , , ,53 1,35 2,61 2,549 1, , , ,537 1,4 4,99 1,949 4,295 3, , ,7 42 1,937 UNEMPLOYED PERCENT 3.9% 5.7% 7.2% 9.2% 7.2% 5.5% 7.% 3.% 4.6% 6.3% 4.5% 6.% 6.5%.% 6.3%.9%.7% 7.1% 9.4% 3.7% 5.3% 4.4% 6.9% 1.5% 7.1% 2.4%.4% 6.6% 7.6% 5.2% 6.2%.1% 5.5% 3.4% 5.9% 4.4% 3.1% 7.2%.6% 5.5% NOT IN LABOR FORCE 9,2 1,3 23,72 54,379 9,9 9,349,521 6,25 3,91 41,19 14,142 5,637 1,695 4,9 43,34 5,62 1,52 24,163 7,241,743 1,7 4,9 74,336 2,7 3,9 9,227 3,4,625 3,9 26,745 43,479 27,944 5,25 5,667 16,,366,142 17,34 5,5 22,7 NOT IN LABOR FORCE PERCENT 69.4% 6.9% 65.% 56.% 67.1% 77.5% 59.5% 51.3% 65.1% 5.7% 69.4% 6.% 7.1% 72.9% 6.% 67.7% 52.1% 67.7% 44.3% 66.% 75.5% 6.1% 63.5% 5.7% 67.2% 65.% 5.1% 64.6% 57.5% 7.7% 63.2% 65.1% 69.5% 54.3% 66.1% 64.3% 73.5% 66.5% 76.4% 65.1% TOTAL,24 16,423 36,532 95,14,54 12,71 14,314 12,191 5,995 7,2 2,36,29,69 6,27 71,71,664 2,1 35,79 16,327 17,577 24,92,24 7,4 5,359 5,93 14,17 66,7 21,97 66,72 37,22 6,796 42,936 7,493 1,443 24,426,1 2,69 26,1 6,74 34,99

14 APPENDIX 3 Employed by Type of Disability, By County ALACHUA BAY BREVARD BROWARD CHARLOTTE CITRUS CLAY COLLIER COLUMBIA DUVAL ESCAMBIA FLAGLER HERNANDO HIGHLANDS HILLSBOROUGH INDIAN RIVER LAKE LEE LEON MANATEE MARION MARTIN MIAMI-DADE MONROE NASSAU OKALOOSA ORANGE OSCEOLA PALM BEACH PASCO PINELLAS POLK PUTNAM ST. JOHNS ST. LUCIE SANTA ROSA SARASOTA SEMINOLE SUMTER VOLUSIA HEARING 523 1,444 2,3,4 1, ,12 1, ,221 1,7 1, , ,42 3,253 1,529 1,627 1,14 1,16 7, ,565 5,371 1,556 6,973 2,33 5,91 3, 247 1,45 1,649 1,3 1,221 2, ,54 VISION 79 1,647 1,52 7, , , , ,271 1,957 1, ,25 2 1, ,31 1,497 6,22 2,96 4, 3, , , ,97 COGNITIVE 564 1, 4,559 7, ,19 1,57 2 5,46 2, ,9 33 2,416 1,775 2,771 2, , ,41 7,99 2,666 6,2 2,35 4,997 3, , , ,93 AMBULATORY 1,763 2,56 3,563 12,63 1, ,5 1, ,642 1, ,272 1,379 2,371 3,5 2, 1,42 2,316 1,7 12,345 1, ,4 6,4 1,799,29 3,47,377 3, ,921 2, ,932 1, ,44 SELF-CARE , , , , , , , , INDEPENDENT LIVING ,735 4, , , ,7 1,4 1, , , , 1,32 3,227 1, , 1, , ,57 NO DISABILITY,9 65,61 2,59 29,147 45,961 36,343 75,5 125,3 21,4 366,4 121,229 32,2 53,373 26, ,2 4,54 17,43 243, ,55 12,93 14,461 55,224 1,,55 33,73 2,574 74,3 56,69 121, ,3 16, ,32 221,633 2,69 7,431 9,32 5,665, ,52 17,145 11,4

15 APPENDIX 4 Unemployed by Type of Disability, By County ALACHUA BAY BREVARD BROWARD CHARLOTTE CITRUS CLAY COLLIER COLUMBIA DUVAL ESCAMBIA FLAGLER HERNANDO HIGHLANDS HILLSBOROUGH INDIAN RIVER LAKE LEE LEON MANATEE MARION MARTIN MIAMI-DADE MONROE NASSAU OKALOOSA ORANGE OSCEOLA PALM BEACH PASCO PINELLAS POLK PUTNAM ST. JOHNS ST. LUCIE SANTA ROSA SARASOTA SEMINOLE SUMTER VOLUSIA HEARING 1, , VISION , , , , ,6 26 1, COGNITIVE ,5 4, , , , , , , 959 2,6 1, , ,5 AMBULATORY , , , ,76 1, , , , ,646 1, SELF-CARE , INDEPENDENT LIVING , , , , NO DISABILITY 1,32 6,37 1,769 66,51 5,65 4,377,964,564 2,6 31,234 1,59 1,944 5,71 4,63 43,71 4,35,6 17,9 14,71,369 9,321 4,269 96, ,145 3,3 44,36 9,76 46,5 12,146 22,747 2,442 2,44 5,357 7,375 3,69 6,93,66 2,227 12,61

16 APPENDIX 5 Not in Labor Force by Type of Disability, By County ALACHUA BAY BREVARD BROWARD CHARLOTTE CITRUS CLAY COLLIER COLUMBIA DUVAL ESCAMBIA FLAGLER HERNANDO HIGHLANDS HILLSBOROUGH INDIAN RIVER LAKE LEE LEON MANATEE MARION MARTIN MIAMI-DADE MONROE NASSAU OKALOOSA ORANGE OSCEOLA PALM BEACH PASCO PINELLAS POLK PUTNAM ST. JOHNS ST. LUCIE SANTA ROSA SARASOTA SEMINOLE SUMTER VOLUSIA HEARING 1,9 2,169 4,42 6,931 1,76 1, ,44 1, , ,691 1,35 2,57 3, ,532 2,45 1,2, ,69 1,663 5,22 3,6 6,64 4, ,6 1,17 1,6 3,49 2,2 2,59 VISION 1,214 1,235 2,62, 997 1, , ,29 1, ,13 63, ,169 2, ,725 2,723 52, ,99 4,745 2,973 5,79 3,257 6,647 5, , ,491 3, ,645 COGNITIVE 5,4 5,144 1,653 27,365 4,626 3,963 5,4 2,544 2,523 1,4 5,3 3,257 5,62 2,195 2,974 2,16 5,761,599 4,36 6,21 9,72 2,374 37, 1,1 1,97 4,7 1,77 7,44 1,53, 21,531 12,27 2,22 2,3 6, 4,674 6,51 9,229 2,34 12,34 AMBULATORY 4,774 7,6 14,33 31,299 5,67 6,34 5,46 3,435 2,246 24,265 9,1 3,43 6,59 3,29 26,199 3,44 5,,973 3,527 7,365,2 2,42 4,523 1,56 2,3 5,576 23,346 7,564 23,263 16,432 2,1 17,11 3,15 3, 9,91 4, 9,124 7,3 2,751 14,3 SELF-CARE 2,2 2,244 5,757 14,91 3,3 2,43 2,67 1,477 72,65 3,316 1,445 2,257 1,24 9, ,44 4,43 1,6 2,573 3, , ,621,932 3,32 1,5 7,197,3 5,516 1, 1,2 4,29 2,3 3,191 3,99 1,17 6,5 INDEPENDENT LIVING 3,95 3,51,63 3,631 5,24 4,6 4,9 2,496 1,335 17,4 7,279 2,95 5,471 2,645 21,297 1,69 5,7,79 2,92 4,94 7,16 2,555 35, ,457 3,964 1,777 6,766 1,651 12,649 22,42,34 2,349 2,753,34 3,919 7,7 9,164 2,376,75 NO DISABILITY 46,517 19,9 6,29 1,94 16,7,56 2,941 35,319 6,74 94,965 31,61 12,367 21,, ,67,672 3,57 72,766 37,94 36,723 33,933, ,495 7,323,651 19,92 147,249,19 127,67 54,934 95,465 75,217 9,751 25,93 33,552 19,56 36,12 45,91 1,72 66,625

17 APPENDIX 6. DISTRIBUTIONS OF PERCENTAGES EMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED, AND NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH A DISABILITY To show the differences by county of these, each is shown in the Appendix. To summarize the statistics for each and to show the range, the percentages for each of the three categories of Employed, Unemployed, and Not in Labor Force are shown below with their summary statistics. Summary Statistics NOT IN EMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED LABOR FORCE Minimum.4%.6% 44.3% Maximum 47.9%.7% 7.1% Median 29.1% 6.3% 65.1% Mean 29.5% 6.1% 64.4% Standard Deviation 7.42% 2.54% 7.57% 9% CI 17.3% to 41.7% 1.5% to 9.4% 5.5% to 76.4% One can see that there are substantial differences in the estimates of unemployment by county. With a range from.6 percent to.7 percent and with 9 percent of the observations within the 1.5 percent to 9.4 percent range, this indicates substantial variability. Summary Statistics for Unemployment Rate for Floridians with Disabilities for 4-County Florida EMPLOYED Minimum 2.6% Maximum 36.9% Median 17.7% Mean 17.5% Standard Deviation 7.2% The 9% confidence interval is 6.% to 29. %. Florida s overall unemployment rate was 6.3 percent in 214, with an average of 63, unemployed. The 9-percent confidence interval was from 5.9 to 6.6 percent. Regional and State Unemployment 214 Annual Averages. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

18 APPENDIX 7. COHORT AND GRADUATION NUMBERS AND RATES BY COUNTY Data downloaded from the Florida Department of Education PK-2 Education Information Portal Graduation Rates by District ALACHUA BAKER BAY BRADFORD BREVARD BROWARD CALHOUN CHARLOTTE CITRUS CLAY COLLIER COLUMBIA DADE DESOTO DIXIE DUVAL ESCAMBIA FLAGLER FRANKLIN GADSDEN GILCHRIST GLADES GULF HAMILTON HARDEE HENDRY HERNANDO HIGHLANDS HILLSBOROUGH HOLMES INDIAN RIVER JACKSON JEFFERSON LAFAYETTE LAKE LEE LEON LEVY LIBERTY MADISON MANATEE MARION MARTIN MONROE NASSAU OKALOOSA OKEECHOBEE ORANGE OSCEOLA PALM BEACH PASCO PINELLAS POLK PUTNAM ST. JOHNS ST. LUCIE SANTA ROSA SARASOTA SEMINOLE SUMTER SUWANNEE TAYLOR UNION VOLUSIA WAKULLA WALTON WASHINGTON DEAF/BLIND WASH SPECIAL FL VIRTUAL FAU LAB SCH FSU LAB SCH FAMU LAB SCH UF LAB SCH , , , , , , ,43 1, Cohort , Grads 36.2% 36.1% 43.% 3.2% 4.3% 4.9% 64.% 55.4% 3.1% 53.6% 41.1% 1.6% 46.9% 24.5% 29.6% 22.1% 22.9% 2.% 45.5% 16.9% 53.2% 34.% 75.%.4% 43.1% 44.3% 43.2% 27.6% 36.% 4.7% 41.1% 32.% 16.7% 61.5% 3.% 35.1% 33.3% 43.% 2.% 21.6% 35.1% 29.% 52.3% 37.4% 51.7% 6.6% 2.9% 46.9% 4.5% 46.% 4.2% 37.% 32.4% 21.7% 51.9% 37.9% 42.9% 43.3% 53.% 36.% 14.% 33.3% 26.9% 34.1% 3.2% 41.2% 42.1% 54.3%.%.*.* Percent 2, , ,249 19,354 1,295 1,251 2,2 2, , ,9 3, ,627 65, , ,93 5,243 2, ,641 2,52 1, , ,97 3, 12,9 4,23 7,977 5, ,972 2,797 1,919 2,99 4, , Cohort 1, , ,496 14, , ,62 2, , ,7 1, , , ,29 3,946 1, ,9 1,96 1, , ,25 2,747 9,54 3, 5,56 4, 464 1,73 1,4 1,525 2,235 3, , Grads 6.5% 67.3% 72.9% 5.3% 5.7% 75.3% 7.5% 77.9% 75.3% 73.1% 74.9% 6.% 71.% 5.6% 6.% 63.3% 62.2% 76.% 61.% 4.4% 4.9% 63.9% 3.2% 6.3% 64.3% 73.2% 73.1% 64.2% 71.6% 2.% 71.% 75.9% 5.9% 5.1% 76.4% 75.3% 6.4% 66.3% 66.7% 62.6% 75.3% 69.% 79.1% 7.2%.% 9.2% 65.% 75.7% 1.% 7.9% 72.4% 69.% 6.% 67.2%.1% 67.4% 79.5% 77.1%.7%.3% 59.2% 63.% 7.5% 7.2% 7.1% 77.% 79.6%.% 1.% 97.1% 94.6% 97.2% Percent NO DISABILITY WITH DISABILITY , , , , , , , Cohort , Grads 3.9% 33.3% 42.1% 37.3% 54.% 43.% 5.% 5.7% 42.9% 5.7% 4.4% 25.6% 53.9% 3.6%.5% 29.1% 23.7% 36.7% 64.3% 3.4% 73.7% 2.% 65.5%.4% 44.4% 52.4% 45.6% 27.4% 41.2% 57.6% 47.2% 25.% 29.4%.* 45.% 3.3% 44.9% 52.% 33.3% 35.6%.3% 35.9% 6.5%.% 52.7% 63.1% 34.% 45.6% 49.3% 52.9% 4.4% 35.5% 37.% 26.% 61.% 36.% 4.4% 44.1% 54.5% 45.% 1.2% 2.2% 41.4% 36.2% 6.9% 5.9% 35.9% 64.3%.*.*.* Percent 1, , ,9 1, ,273 1,7 2,2 2, , ,457 2, , , , ,562 5,24 2, ,726 2,743 1, ,74 42,56 3,4,99 4,247 7,733 5, ,99 2,612 1,77 2,34 4, , Cohort 1, , ,12, ,175 2, , ,7 1, , , ,5 3, 1, ,91 2,6 1, ,637 29,74 2,719 9,261 3,1 5,46 4, ,767 1,1 1,44 2,2 3, , Grads 69.1% 6.2% 72.7% 67.3% 5.1% 74.1% 7.7% 7.1% 79.7% 77.1% 76.1% 7.3% 73.3% 67.% 56.% 6.2% 63.% 75.9% 5.2% 5.5% 1.7% 53.5%.1% 7.2% 7.6% 6.1% 76.1% 67.1% 73.5% 7.2% 74.9% 73.% 4.9% 69.4%.% 73.3% 71.9% 63.5% 5.9% 62.% 7.1% 75.4% 5.% 71.% 3.9% 7.4% 67.5% 75.3%.1% 77.2% 74.9% 69.9% 7.% 7.%.% 69.3% 1.4% 75.9% 1.9% 79.9% 5.3% 67.5%.3% 67.9% 77.7% 77.1% 74.1% 4.5% 1.% 9.4% 95.1% 96.2% Percent NO DISABILITY WITH DISABILITY , , , , , Cohort Grads 4.7% 5.% 52.% 44.7% 64.2% 51.6% 54.2% 65.1% 47.% 54.3% 51.5% 31.% 51.6% 46.4% 66.7% 35.6% 22.9% 51.5% 42.9% 23.9% 69.2% 3.5% 1.5%.* 32.% 49.2% 45.9% 2.7% 43.7% 45.7% 56.6% 34.7%.4% 4.% 49.2% 4.% 46.5% 5.% 4.% 52.4% 49.7% 42.7% 61.1% 4.6% 71.2% 62.3% 4.5% 49.4% 49.6% 54.5% 47.9% 42.1% 36.4% 31.7% 57.% 43.1% 4.4% 54.6% 55.5% 43.1% 36.1% 27.3% 35.7% 42.6% 66.7% 44.4% 63.4% 36.9%.* 1.%.* Percent 1, ,71 1 4,7 17,53 7 1,191 1,4 2,73 2, , ,63 2, , , , ,665 5,7 2, ,347 2,723 1, ,16 371,2 3,275,641 3,9 7,17 5, ,76 2,497 1,774 2,76 4, , Cohort 1, , ,32, ,5 2, , ,76 1, , , ,172 3,5 1, , 2,174 1, , ,797 2,655 9,2 3, 5,43 3, ,6 1,34 1,44 2,252 3, , Grads 72.% 75.5% 76.7% 6.3%.% 7.5% 2.1% 1.4% 2.% 77.4% 1.4% 7.5% 7.% 7.3% 7.7% 71.9% 67.% 7.1% 62.5% 67.% 9.4% 7.7% 5.3% 56.3% 7.5% 77.3% 7.2% 6.4% 76.6% 77.% 3.6% 75.1% 5.% 69.6% 1.5% 75.% 74.3% 79.2% 67.1% 6.3%.4% 79.%.1% 73.7% 9.% 6.1% 63.1% 77.2% 1.1% 79.% 1.2% 75.6% 72.4% 64.3% 9.6% 73.4% 1.2% 1.4% 3.3% 2.1% 61.7% 6.3% 77.3% 71.2% 71.3% 7.4% 72.5%.*.* 1.% 9.4% 1.% 94.4% Percent NO DISABILITY WITH DISABILITY 2-212

19 19 ALACHUA BAKER BAY BRADFORD BREVARD BROWARD CALHOUN CHARLOTTE CITRUS CLAY COLLIER COLUMBIA DADE DESOTO DIXIE DUVAL ESCAMBIA FLAGLER FRANKLIN GADSDEN GILCHRIST GLADES GULF HAMILTON HARDEE HENDRY HERNANDO HIGHLANDS HILLSBOROUGH HOLMES INDIAN RIVER JACKSON JEFFERSON LAFAYETTE LAKE LEE LEON LEVY LIBERTY MADISON MANATEE MARION MARTIN MONROE NASSAU OKALOOSA OKEECHOBEE ORANGE OSCEOLA PALM BEACH PASCO PINELLAS POLK PUTNAM ST. JOHNS ST. LUCIE SANTA ROSA SARASOTA SEMINOLE SUMTER SUWANNEE TAYLOR UNION VOLUSIA WAKULLA WALTON WASHINGTON DEAF/BLIND WASH SPECIAL FL VIRTUAL FAU LAB SCH FSU LAB SCH FAMU LAB SCH UF LAB SCH C , , , , , , Cohort , Grads 54.% 51.5% 46.% 34.1% 64.6% 52.% 66.7% 57.% 57.3% 55.2% 6.7% 42.% 64.1% 43.9% 51.7% 43.1% 31.7% 46.6% 72.2% 4.% 3.7% 45.5% 6.%.* 43.1% 4.2% 41.% 2.3% 5.4% 6.% 62.6% 44.%.%.* 56.% 46.7% 51.3% 63.% 23.5% 35.3% 51.% 51.9% 71.3% 45.7% 73.7% 61.7% 41.% 54.4% 54.5% 53.% 52.2% 4.% 42.% 2.9% 64.4% 41.1% 4.5% 52.% 64.% 4.% 24.4% 35.7% 6.% 43.2% 61.5% 37.3% 55.6% 43.2%.*.* 9.9% Percent 1, ,56 6 4,61 1,67 7 1,233 1,29 2,42 2, , ,57 2, , , , ,692 5,237 1, ,63 2,7 1, ,2 346,597 3,673 12,165 4,144 7,277 5, ,1 2,72 1,73 2,919 4, , Cohort 1, , ,39, ,34 2, , ,33 1, ,2 5 9, ,192 4,19 1, ,4 2,173 1, , , 2,9 9,67 3,32 5,553 4,294 1,963 1,976 1,431 2,323 3, , Grads 76.% 74.3% 77.3% 76.3% 9.3% 77.5% 3.9% 7.% 3.4% 2.% 4.3% 69.% 7.7% 64.3% 9.9% 75.6% 69.5%.% 54.% 61.5% 92.% 64.6% 9.3% 59.4% 69.9% 71.2% 7.3% 67.% 77.6%.7% 2.1% 76.5% 45.6% 91.7% 1.4% 7.5%.% 2.4% 79.5% 7.4% 1.1%.5% 9.% 76.% 93.2% 5.4% 69.4% 79.% 1.4% 79.6%.3% 76.3% 73.4% 63.9% 9.7% 71.% 2.3% 79.6% 6.1% 4.% 64.1% 66.9% 1.% 73.3% 2.5% 2.4% 73.5% 47.1%.*.* 1.% 97.5% 92.9% 95.4% Percent NO DISABILITY WITH DISABILITY , , , , , Cohort , , Grads 5.% 67.6% 47.2% 57.% 63.1% 52.5% 63.% 54.% 4.5% 62.% 65.2% 41.7% 64.% 51.6% 7.9% 52.6% 32.% 4.7% 7.6% 26.2% 7.1% 5.% 42.1% 54.5% 45.5% 62.5% 54.% 35.% 5.7% 36.4% 66.7% 49.1%.*.* 59.7% 52.3% 6.5% 55.2% 56.3% 56.5% 49.2% 56.3% 74.7% 51.4% 64.1% 56.7% 43.% 51.9% 59.2% 59.6% 62.6% 49.4% 42.1% 33.1% 63.% 57.9% 53.1% 63.2% 62.% 57.1% 29.% 26.3% 33.3% 47.2% 4.3% 54.3% 51.3% 31.6% 6.% 1.%.* Percent 1,76 1, ,675 17,59 1, ,622 2, , ,22 2, , , , ,553 5,19 1, ,54 2,61 1, ,7 359,49 3,771 12,19 4,15 6,52 5, ,246 2,61 1,747 2,67 4, , Cohort 1, , ,161,362 1,37 2,166 2, , ,544 1, , , ,21 4, 1, ,19 2,121 1, , ,2 3,32 9, 3,43 5,456 4,7 37 2,3 1,95 1,499 2,262 3, , Grads 76.% 76.1% 74.1% 75.% 9.% 76.3% 5.4%.% 2.5% 2.6% 4.6% 64.5% 7.% 62.2% 9.6% 76.7% 71.2% 1.7% 6.1% 6.% 97.2% 62.5% 3.6% 2.2% 67.6% 6.2%.2% 6.9% 76.% 75.7%.4% 73.% 63.% 2.4% 79.2% 7.4% 6.3% 72.7% 74.4% 7.4%.6% 1.5% 9.% 77.1% 93.% 5.% 65.2% 77.7%.4%.4% 2.2% 79.6% 72.7% 64.% 9.7% 75.3% 5.% 4.2% 7.% 7.5% 1.2% 54.5%.% 75.4%.7% 69.9% 6.7% 62.2%.* 75.1% 1.% 6.9% 76.7% 97.% Percent NO DISABILITY WITH DISABILITY 2-214

20 SECURING FLORIDA S FUTURE 6 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, FL