JSC Microfinance Organization Credo Financial statements. Year ended 31 December 2016 together with independent auditor s report

Transcription

1 Financial statements Year ended 31 December 2016 together with independent auditor s report

2 Financial statements Contents Independent auditor s report Statement of financial position... 1 Statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income... 2 Statement of changes in equity... 3 Statement of cash flows... 4 Notes to the financial statements 1. Principal activities Basis of preparation Summary of accounting policies Significant accounting judgments and estimates Cash and cash equivalents Derivative financial instruments Loans to customers Property and equipment Intangible assets Income tax Other financial assets Other non-financial assets Loans from banks and other financial institutions and subordinated loans Other liabilities Equity Commitments and contingencies Fee and commission income Fee and commission expense Net (losses)/gains from foreign currencies Other operating income Personnel expenses Other general administrative expenses Risk management Fair value measurements Related party disclosures Capital adequacy Events after the reporting period... 31

3 Independent auditor s report To the Shareholders and the Supervisory Board of JSC Microfinance Organization Credo Opinion We have audited the financial statements of JSC Microfinance Organization Credo (the Company) which comprise the statement of financial position as at 31 December 2016, and the statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as at 31 December 2016 and its financial performance and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). Basis for opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA Code), and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the IESBA Code. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Responsibilities of management for the financial statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with IFRSs, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the Company s financial reporting process. A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited

4 Auditor s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company s internal control. Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management. Conclude on the appropriateness of management s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern. Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. We communicate with the Audit Committee regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. Ruslan Khoroshvili On behalf of EY Georgia LLC 28 April 2017 A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited

5 Financial statements Statement of financial position As at 31 December 2016 (Thousands of Georgian Lari) Note Assets Cash and cash equivalents 5 67,815 44,102 Derivative financial assets 6 12,415 12,024 Loans to customers 7 443, ,875 Intangible assets 9 3,152 2,002 Property and equipment 8 7,155 7,050 Deferred income tax assets 10 2, Current income tax asset 139 Other financial assets 11 5,115 3,988 Other non-financial assets 12 2,362 2,183 Total assets 543, ,847 Liabilities Derivative financial liabilities 6 82 Current income tax liabilities 568 Promissory notes issued 578 Other liabilities 14 8,541 6,286 Loans from banks and other financial institutions , ,496 Subordinated debt 13 8,418 10,863 Total liabilities 428, ,727 Equity Share capital 15 4,400 4,400 Retained earnings 110,939 84,720 Total equity 115,339 89,120 Total liabilities and equity 543, ,847 Signed on behalf of the Management Board of the JSC Microfinance Organization Credo Zaal Pirtskhelava Chief Executive Officer David Natsvaladze Chief Financial Officer 28 April 2017 The accompanying notes on pages 5 to 31 are an integral part of these financial statements. 1

6 Statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income For the year ended 31 December 2016 (Thousands of Georgian Lari) Financial statements Note Interest income Loans to customers 125, ,170 Cash and cash equivalents 2, , ,551 Interest expense Loans from banks and other financial institutions (30,464) (23,896) Subordinated loans (893) (893) Promissory notes issued (32) (31,389) (24,789) Net interest income 96,179 83,762 Impairment charge for loan losses 7 (9,689) (6,332) Net interest income after allowance for impairment 86,490 77,430 Fee and commission income 17 18,285 19,191 Fee and commission expense 18 (5,074) (4,977) Net fee and commission income 13,211 14,214 Net (losses)/gains from foreign currencies 19 (2,472) 1,477 Other operating income 20 1, Other operating expense (149) (117) Net non-interest income 11,788 15,725 Personnel expenses 21 (46,522) (41,601) Depreciation and amortization 8,9 (3,276) (2,394) Other general administrative expenses 22 (18,501) (17,302) Non-interest expenses (68,299) (61,297) Profit before income tax expense 29,979 31,858 Income tax expense 10 (3,760) (5,683) Profit for the period 26,219 26,175 Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income 26,219 26,175 The accompanying notes on pages 5 to 31 are an integral part of these financial statements. 2

7 Financial statements Statement of changes in equity For the year ended 31 December 2016 (Thousands of Georgian Lari) Share capital Retained earnings Total equity 31 December ,365 65,939 70,304 Profit and total comprehensive income for the period 26,175 26,175 Change in charter capital 35 (35) Dividends (7,359) (7,359) 31 December ,400 84,720 89,120 Profit and total comprehensive income for the period 26,219 26, December , , ,339 The accompanying notes on pages 5 to 31 are an integral part of these financial statements. 3

8 Financial statements Statement of cash flows For the year ended 31 December 2016 (Thousands of Georgian Lari) Note Cash flows from operating activities Interest received 129, ,584 Interest paid (30,252) (25,469) Fees and commissions received 17,908 18,382 Fees and commissions paid (5,074) (4,954) Realized gains from dealing in foreign currencies 2,122 3,265 Other income received Personnel expenses paid (45,733) (41,228) Other operating expenses paid (17,858) (17,457) Cash flows from operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities 50,977 39,260 Net (increase)/decrease in operating assets Derivative financial assets 439 (761) Loans to customers (33,090) (62,089) Other assets (1,025) (1,758) Net increase in operating liabilities Other liabilities 1,022 1,228 Promissory notes issued 550 Net cash flows from (used in) operating activities before income tax 18,873 (24,122) Income tax paid (5,114) (6,968) Net cash from (used in) operating activities 13,759 (31,092) Cash flows used in investing activities Purchase of property, equipment and intangible assets (4,532) (4,447) Net cash used in investing activities (4,532) (4,447) Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from borrowings and subordinated loans 145, ,659 Repayment of borrowings and subordinated loans (137,784) (107,213) Dividends paid (7,359) Net cash from financing activities 7,600 59,087 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 16,827 23,548 Effect of exchange rates changes on cash and cash equivalents 6,886 4,407 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning 5 44,102 16,147 Cash and cash equivalents, ending 5 67,815 44,102 The accompanying notes on pages 5 to 31 are an integral part of these financial statements. 4

9 1. Principal activities Organization and operations Microfinance Organization Credo LLC (the Company ) was established in 2007 to provide sustainable lending services to those individual entrepreneurs who are not able to access credit facilities through the conventional banking system. The Company supports the development of the private economy of Georgia by providing credit and related services to micro, small and medium-sized entrepreneurs and companies. In 2016, the Company reorganized from a limited liability company (LLC) to a joint stock company (JSC). Shareholders Shareholding structure of the Company as at 31 December 2016 and 2015 was as follows: Shareholder Ownership % Joint Stock Company Access Microfinance Holding AG 60.20% Triodos SICAV II (Triodos Microfinance Fund) 9.90% Triodos Custody B.V., Triodos Fair Share Fund 9.90% ResponsAbility Participations AG 9.34% ResponsAbility SICAV (Lux) responsability SICAV (Lux) Microfinance Leaders Fund 1.87% ResponsAbility Management Company S.A., responsability Global Microfinance Fund 8.79% Ownership, voting and dividend rights among partners are allocated in proportion to their ordinary shares held in the Company. As at 31 December 2016 and 2015 the Company s parent and ultimate controlling party with 60.2% of the voting rights is Joint Stock Company Access Microfinance Holding AG, Germany. The supreme governing body of the Company is the General Meeting of Shareholders. The supervision of the Company s operations is conducted by the Supervisory Board, members of which are appointed by the General Meeting of Shareholders. Daily management of the Company is carried out by the Management Board appointed by the Supervisory Board. The Company was registered as a microfinance organization by the National Bank of Georgia on 6 December The legal address of the Company is 9, Asatiani street, Tbilisi, Georgia. Business environment The Company s operations are located in Georgia. Consequently, the Company is exposed to the economic and financial markets of Georgia which display characteristics of an emerging market. The legal, tax and regulatory frameworks continue development, but are subject to varying interpretations and frequent changes which together with other legal and fiscal impediments contribute to the challenges faced by entities operating in Georgia. The financial statements reflect management s assessment of the impact of Georgian business environment on the operations and the financial position of the Company. The future business environment may differ from management s assessment. 2. Basis of preparation General These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ). The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except as disclosed in the accounting policies below. Derivative financial instruments have been measured at fair value. Company s functional and presentation currency is the Georgian Lari (GEL). Financial information is presented in GEL rounded to the nearest thousands, unless otherwise indicated. Reclassifications Current income tax asset in amount of GEL 139 thousand was presented separately in the statement of financial position as at 31 December 2015 to conform to 2016 presentation. 5

10 3. Summary of accounting policies Changes in accounting policies No new or revised IFRS that became effective during the reporting period had any impact on the Company s financial position or performance. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, call deposits, unrestricted current accounts and short-term deposits held with banks, with maturities of three months or less from the acquisition date that are subject to insignificant risk of changes in their fair value. Fair value measurement The Company measures financial instruments, such as derivatives, at fair value at each balance sheet date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either: In the principal market for the asset or liability; or In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest. A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use. The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets Financial assets in the scope of IAS 39 are classified as either financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, loans and receivables, held-to-maturity investments, or available-for-sale financial assets, as appropriate. Company determines the classification of its financial assets upon initial recognition, and subsequently can reclassify financial assets in certain cases as described below. Date of recognition All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognized on the settlement date. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation or convention in the marketplace. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Derivatives are included in the category financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and are classified as held for trading unless they are designated and effective hedging instruments. Gains or losses on financial assets held for trading are recognized in profit or loss. All trading derivatives in a net receivable position (positive fair value), as well as options purchased, are reported as assets. All trading derivatives in a net payable position (negative fair value), as well as options written, are reported as liabilities. Management determines the appropriate classification of financial instruments at the time of the initial recognition. The Company classifies non-derivative financial assets into loans and receivables category, which consists of loans to customers and cash and cash equivalents. The Company classifies non-derivative financial liabilities into the other financial liabilities category. Other financial liabilities comprise loans and borrowings and other payables. 6

11 3. Summary of accounting policies (continued) Loans and receivables Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market, other than those that the Company: Intends to sell immediately or in the near term; Upon initial recognition designates as at fair value through profit or loss; Upon initial recognition designates as available-for-sale; or May not recover substantially all of its initial investment, other than because of credit deterioration. Measurement of financial instruments at initial recognition When financial instruments are recognized initially, they are measured at fair value, adjusted, in the case of instruments not at fair value through profit or loss, for directly attributable fees and costs. The best evidence of the fair value of a financial instrument at initial recognition is normally the transaction price. If the Company determines that the fair value at initial recognition differs from the transaction price, then: The fair value is evidenced by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability or based on a valuation technique that uses only data from observable markets, the Company recognizes the difference; In all other cases, the initial measurement of the financial instrument is adjusted to defer the difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price. After initial recognition, the Company recognizes that deferred difference as a gain or loss only when the inputs become observable, or when the instrument is derecognized. Amortized cost The amortized cost of a financial asset or liability is the amount at which the financial asset or liability is measured at initial recognition, minus principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization using the effective interest method of any difference between the initial amount recognized and the maturity amount, minus any reduction for impairment. Premiums and discounts, including initial transaction costs, are included in the carrying amount of the related instrument and amortized based on the effective interest rate of the instrument. Fair value measurement principles Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal, or in its absence, the most advantageous market to which the Company has access at that date. The fair value of a liability reflects its non-performance risk. When available, the Company measures the fair value of an instrument using quoted prices in an active market for that instrument. A market is regarded as active if transactions for the asset or liability take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. When there is no quoted price in an active market, the Company uses valuation techniques that maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The chosen valuation technique incorporates all the factors that market participants would take into account in these circumstances. The best evidence of the fair value of a financial instrument at initial recognition is normally the transaction price, i.e., the fair value of the consideration given or received. If the Company determines that the fair value at initial recognition differs from the transaction price and the fair value is evidenced neither by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability nor based on a valuation technique that uses only data from observable markets, the financial instrument is initially measured at fair value, adjusted to defer the difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price. Subsequently, that difference is recognized in profit or loss on an appropriate basis over the life of the instrument but no later than when the valuation is supported wholly by observable market data or the transaction is closed out. Gains and losses on subsequent measurement A gain or loss on a financial instrument classified as at fair value through profit or loss is recognized in profit or loss. For financial assets and liabilities carried at amortized cost, a gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss when the financial asset or liability is derecognized or impaired, and through the amortization process. 7

12 3. Summary of accounting policies (continued) Derecognition The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset. Any interest in transferred financial assets that qualify for de recognition that is created or retained by the Company is recognized as a separate asset or liability in the statement of financial position. The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire. The Company writes off assets deemed to be uncollectible, usually after 180 days past due. Derivative financial instruments In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various derivative financial instruments including foreign currency forwards and cross currency swaps (back to back loans) in the foreign exchange and capital markets. The counterparties are mostly local banks. The fair values are estimated based on quoted market prices or pricing models that take into account the current market and contractual prices of the underlying instruments and other factors. Derivatives are carried as assets when their fair value is positive and as liabilities when it is negative. Gains and losses resulting from these instruments are included in the statement of profit or loss within net gains/(losses) from foreign currencies. Although the Company has derivative instruments for risk hedging purposes, these instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting. Offsetting of financial instruments Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The right of set-off must not be contingent on a future event and must be legally enforceable in all of the following circumstances: The normal course of business; The event of default; and The event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the entity and all of the counterparties. These conditions are not generally met in master netting agreements, and the related assets and liabilities are presented gross in the statement of financial position. Impairment of financial assets The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is deemed to be impaired if, and only if, there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (an incurred loss event ) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or the group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. Evidence of impairment may include indications that the borrower or a group of borrowers is experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization and where observable data indicate that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults. 8

13 3. Summary of accounting policies (continued) Loans to customers For amounts due from credit institutions and loans to customers, the Company first assesses individually whether objective evidence of impairment exists individually for financial assets that are individually significant, or collectively for financial assets that are not individually significant. If the Company determines that no objective evidence of impairment exists for an individually assessed financial asset, whether significant or not, it includes the asset in a group of financial assets with similar credit risks characteristics and collectively assesses them for impairment. Assets that are individually assessed for impairment and for which an impairment loss is, or continues to be, recognized are not included in a collective assessment of impairment. If there is an objective evidence that an impairment loss has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the assets carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future expected credit losses that have not yet been incurred). The carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account and the amount of the loss is recognized in profit or loss. Interest income continues to be accrued on the outstanding principal based on the original effective interest rate of the asset. Loans together with the associated allowance are usually written off when the respective loan becomes overdue for more than 180 days. If a future write-off is later recovered, the recovery is credited to the statement of profit or loss. For the purpose of a collective evaluation of impairment, financial assets are grouped on the basis of the Company s internal credit grading system that considers past-due status. Future cash flows on a group of financial assets that are collectively evaluated for impairment are estimated on the basis of historical loss experience for assets with credit risk characteristics similar to those in the group. Historical loss experience is adjusted on the basis of current observable data to reflect the effects of current conditions that did not affect the years on which the historical loss experience is based and to remove the effects of conditions in the historical period that do not exist currently. Estimates of changes in future cash flows reflect, and are directionally consistent with, changes in related observable data from year to year (such as payment status, or other factors that are indicative of incurred losses in the group or their magnitude). The methodology and assumptions used for estimating future cash flows are reviewed regularly to reduce any differences between loss estimates and actual loss experience. Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities Financial assets A financial asset (or, where applicable a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is derecognised where: The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset, or retained the right to receive cash flows from the asset, but has assumed an obligation to pay them in full without material delay to a third party under a pass-through arrangement; and The Company either (a) has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset. Financial liabilities A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. Where an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in profit or loss. 9

14 3. Summary of accounting policies (continued) Borrowings Issued financial instruments or their components are classified as liabilities, where the substance of the contractual arrangement results in the Company having an obligation either to deliver cash or another financial asset to the holder, or to satisfy the obligation other than by the exchange of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of own equity instruments. Borrowings are included in Loans from banks and other financial institutions and Subordinated loans and represent amounts due to the local banks, foreign financial institutions and international financial institutions. After initial recognition, borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the borrowings are derecognized as well as through the amortization process. If the Company purchases its own debt, it is removed from the statement of financial position and the difference between the carrying amount of the liability and the consideration paid is recognized in profit or loss. Leases Operating Company as lessee Leases of assets under which the risks and rewards of ownership are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Lease payments under an operating lease are recognized as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term and included into other general administrative expenses. Taxation The current income tax expense is calculated in accordance with the regulations of the Georgian tax code. Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items of other comprehensive income or transactions with shareholder recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized within other comprehensive income or directly within equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated in respect of temporary differences using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are provided for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying values for financial reporting purposes. A deferred tax asset is recorded only to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (applicable to undistributed profits) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Property and equipment Property and equipment is carried at cost, excluding the costs of day-to-day servicing, less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of equipment when that cost is incurred if the recognition criteria are met. The carrying values of property and equipment are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Depreciation of an asset begins when it is available for use. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives: Years Buildings 20 Furniture, fixtures and equipment 2-5 IT and computer equipment 5 Motor vehicles 10 The asset s residual values, useful lives and methods are reviewed, and adjusted as appropriate, at each financial year-end. Costs related to repairs and renewals are charged when incurred and included in other general administrative expenses, unless they qualify for capitalization. 10

15 3. Summary of accounting policies (continued) Intangible assets Intangible assets include licenses, core banking software and other software. Licenses represent rights of usage of various software. Core banking software represents cost of accounting and loan portfolio management software. Other software includes internally developed software and other purchased software. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed to be either finite or indefinite. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic lives of 2 to 5 years and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. Amortization periods and methods for intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are reviewed at least at each financial year-end. Provisions Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation can be made. Share capital Ordinary shares are classified as equity. External costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares, other than on a business combination, are shown as a deduction from the proceeds in equity. Any excess of the fair value of consideration received over the par value of shares issued is recognised as additional paid-in capital. Dividends Dividends are recognized as a liability and deducted from equity at the reporting date only if they are declared before or on the reporting date. Dividends are disclosed when they are proposed before the reporting date or proposed or declared after the reporting date but before the financial statements are authorized for issue. Contingencies Contingent liabilities are not recognized in the statement of financial position but are disclosed unless the possibility of any outflow in settlement is remote. A contingent asset is not recognized in the statement of financial position but disclosed when an inflow of economic benefits is probable. Recognition of income and expenses Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized: Interest and similar income and expense For all financial instruments measured at amortized cost, interest income or expense is recorded at the effective interest rate, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability. The calculation takes into account all contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example prepayment options) and includes any fees or incremental costs that are directly attributable to the instrument and are an integral part of the effective interest rate, but not future credit losses. The carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability is adjusted if the Company revises its estimates of payments or receipts. The adjusted carrying amount is calculated based on the original effective interest rate and the change in carrying amount is recorded as interest income or expense. Once the recorded value of a financial asset or a group of similar financial assets has been reduced due to an impairment loss, interest income continues to be recognized using the original effective interest rate applied to the new carrying amount. 11

16 3. Summary of accounting policies (continued) Fee and commission income The Company earns fee and commission income from a diverse range of services it provides to its customers. Fee income can be divided into the following two categories: Fee income earned from services that are provided over a certain period of time Fees earned for the provision of services over a period of time are accrued over that period. These fees include commission income from life insurance and annual service. Loan commitment fees for loans that are likely to be drawn down and other credit related fees are deferred (together with any incremental costs) and recognized as an adjustment to the effective interest rate on the loan. Fee income from providing transaction services Fees arising from separate transactions done by customer are recognized on completion of the underlying transaction. Fees or components of fees that are linked to a certain performance are recognized after fulfilling the corresponding criteria. Foreign currency translation The financial statements are presented in Georgian Lari, which is the Company s functional currency. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded in the foreign currency and same time in functional currency converted at the rate of transaction date exchange rate of National Bank of Georgia. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the functional currency exchange rate existing at the reporting date. Gains and losses resulting from the translation of foreign currency transactions are recognized in the statement of profit or loss within net gains/(losses) from foreign currencies. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates as at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Differences between the contractual exchange rate of a transaction in a foreign currency and the National Bank of Georgia exchange rate on the date of the transaction are included in Net gains/losses from foreign currencies. The official National Bank of Georgia exchange rates at 31 December 2016 and 31 December 2015 were GEL and GEL to 1 USD, respectively. Standards issued but not yet effective The standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of the Company s financial statements are disclosed below. The Company intends to adopt these standards, if applicable, when they become effective. IFRS 9 Financial Instruments In July 2014, the IASB issued the final version of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments which reflects all phases of the financial instruments project and replaces IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement and all previous versions of IFRS 9. The standard introduces new requirements for classification and measurement, impairment, and hedge accounting. From a classification and measurement perspective, the new standard will require all financial assets, except equity instruments and derivatives, to be assessed based on a combination of the entity s business model for managing the assets and the instruments contractual cash flow characteristics. The IAS 39 measurement categories will be replaced by: fair value through profit or loss (FVPL), fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI), and amortised cost categories. IFRS 9 will also allow entities to continue to irrevocably designate instruments that qualify for amortised cost or FVOCI instruments as FVPL, if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency. Equity instruments that are not held for trading may be irrevocably designated as FVOCI, with no subsequent reclassification of gains or losses to the income statement. The accounting for financial liabilities will largely be the same as the requirements of IAS

17 3. Summary of accounting policies (continued) Standards issued but not yet effective (continued) IFRS 9 will also fundamentally change the approach to loan impairment. The standard will replace IAS 39 s incurred loss approach with a forward-looking expected credit loss (ECL) approach. The Company will be required to record an allowance for expected losses for all loans and other debt financial assets not carried at FVPL, as well as for loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts. The allowance is based on the expected credit losses associated with the probability of default in the next twelve months unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk since origination, in which case the allowance would be based on the probability of default over the life of the asset. IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018, with early application permitted. Retrospective application is required, but restatement of comparative information is not required; the effect on the transition date 1 January 2018 would be recorded in retained earnings. The adoption of IFRS 9 is expected to have an effect on the classification and measurement of the Company s financial assets, but no impact on the classification and measurement of the Company s financial liabilities. The Company will need to perform a more detailed analysis which considers all reasonable and supportable information, including forward-looking elements, to determine the impact of transition to IFRS 9. IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, effective for periods beginning on 1 January 2018 with early adoption permitted. IFRS 15 defines principles for recognising revenue and will be applicable to all contracts with customers. However, interest and fee income integral to financial instruments and leases will continue to fall outside the scope of IFRS 15 and will be regulated by the other applicable standards (e.g., IFRS 9, and IFRS 16 Leases). Revenue under IFRS 15 will need to be recognised as goods and services are transferred, to the extent that the transferor anticipates entitlement to goods and services. The standard will also specify a comprehensive set of disclosure requirements regarding the nature, extent and timing as well as any uncertainty of revenue and corresponding cash flows with customers. The Company does not anticipate early adopting IFRS 15 and is currently evaluating its impact. IFRS 16 Leases The IASB issued the new standard for accounting for leases IFRS 16 Leases in January The new standard does not significantly change the accounting for leases for lessors. However, it does require lessees to recognise most leases on their balance sheets as lease liabilities, with the corresponding right of-use assets. Lessees must apply a single model for all recognised leases, but will have the option not to recognise short-term leases and leases of lowvalue assets. Generally, the profit or loss recognition pattern for recognised leases will be similar to today s finance lease accounting, with interest and depreciation expense recognised separately in the statement of profit or loss. IFRS 16 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January Early application is permitted provided the new revenue standard, IFRS 15, is applied on the same date. The Company does not anticipate early adopting IFRS 16 and is currently evaluating its impact. Amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes In January 2016, through issuing amendments to IAS 12, the IASB clarified the accounting treatment of deferred tax assets of debt instruments measured at fair value for accounting, but measured at cost for tax purposes. The Company does not anticipate that adopting the amendments would have a material impact on its financial statements. Amendments to IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows In January 2016, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows with the intention to improve disclosures of financing activities and help users to better understand the reporting entities liquidity positions. Under the new requirements, entities will need to disclose changes in their financial liabilities as a result of financing activities such as changes from cash flows and non-cash items (e.g., gains and losses due to foreign currency movements). The amendment is effective from 1 January The Company is currently evaluating the impact. 13

18 4. Significant accounting judgments and estimates Judgments The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRSs requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Estimation uncertainty In the process of applying the Company s accounting policies, management has used its judgments and made estimates in determining the amounts recognized in the financial statements. The most significant use of judgments and estimates are as follows: Fair value of financial instruments Where the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the statement of financial position cannot be derived from active markets, they are determined using a variety of valuation techniques that include the use of mathematical models. The input to these models is taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Please refer to Note 24. Allowance for loan impairment The Company regularly reviews its loans and receivables to assess impairment. The Company uses its experienced judgment to estimate the amount of any impairment loss in cases where a borrower is in financial difficulties and there are few available sources of historical data on similar borrowers. Similarly, the Company estimates changes in future cash flows based on the observable data indicating that there has been an adverse change in the payment status of borrowers in a group, or national or local economic conditions that correlate with defaults on assets in the group. Management uses estimates based on historical loss experience for assets with credit risk characteristics and objective evidence of impairment similar to those in the group of loans and receivables. The Company uses its experienced judgment to adjust observable data for a group of loans or receivables to reflect current circumstances. Please refer to Note 7 for the amounts of the allowance for loan impairment recognized as at 31 December Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise: Cash on hand 7,316 2,375 Current accounts with banks 23,497 41,727 Time deposits with credit institutions up to 90 days 37,002 Cash and cash equivalents 67,815 44,102 None of cash and cash equivalents are impaired or past due. Most of current accounts are placed with BB- rated banks as at 31 December 2016 and Time deposits comprise of deposits in USD placed with a local commercial bank with no international rating. 14

19 6. Derivative financial instruments The Company aggregates non-derivative transactions of back to back loans from banks guaranteed by foreign currency deposits placed at the same banks as derivative instruments (foreign currency contracts), due to the fact that the transactions (placement of deposit and taking of loan) result, in substance, in a derivative The conclusion is based on the following indicators: They are entered into at the same time and in contemplation of one another; They have the same counterparty; They relate to the same risk; There is no apparent economic need or substantive business purpose for structuring the transactions separately that could not also have been accomplished in a single transaction; There is an initial net investment that is smaller than would be required for other types of contracts that would be expected to have a similar response to changes in market factors, and future settlement. The table below shows the fair values of derivative financial instruments, recorded as assets or liabilities, together with their notional amounts. The notional amount, recorded gross, is the amount of a derivative s underlying asset and is the basis upon which changes in the value of derivatives are measured. The notional amounts indicate the volume of transactions outstanding at the year end and are not indicative of the credit risk. Notional amount Fair values Notional Fair value Asset Liability amount Asset Liability Foreign currency contracts Cross-currency swaps 96,943 12, ,313 12, Total derivative assets/ liabilities 12,415 12,