U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner. WHOLESALE PRICES SERIES: No. 4 WHOLESALE PRICES 1890 TO 1914

Transcription

1 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES \ BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS/ jwhole 1Q 1 # (NUMBER 101 WHOLESALE PRICES SERIES: No. 4 WHOLESALE PRICES 1890 TO 1914 OCTOBER, 1915 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1915

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3 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction Prices of commodities in 1914 and in preceding years Explanation of tables Table I. Wholesale s of commodities from January to December, &-109 Table II. wholesale s of commodities for each year, 1890 to 1914, and for each month of Appendix I. Index numbers of wholesale s compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics Appendix II. Tables of weights used in computing index numbers of wholesale s in the United States for 1913 and 1914, by groups of commodities Appendix III. Index numbers of wholesale s, 1860 to Appendix IV. Wholesale s in Canada* 1890 to

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5 BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. WHOLE NO WASHINGTON. OCTOBER, 1915 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO INTRODUCTION. This bulletin on Wholesale Prices for 1914 is the fourteenth in the wholesale s series published annually by the Bureau of Labor Statistics since It will be noticed that the list of commodities1 earned in the general index* has been revised since the report for 1913 was issued, 41 distinct articles having been dropped and 31 new articles added, while the number of quotations for several of the more important commodities has been increased by including s from all the larger cities for which reliable data could be obtained. These changes were necessary in order to make the list represent more accurately the bulk of commodities exchanged and the great markets where exchanges are effected at wholesale in the United States at the present time. Besides these changes in the list of commodities and the quotations carried, important changes have been made in the method of calculating index numbers from the money s quoted. The old and new methods of calculating relative s or index numbers are described and discussed in some detail in Appendix I, pages 239 to 256, and the reasons for adopting the new method are there set forth. A brief summary of the changes made is given here in order to make the statistical tables of the report more intelligible. The base period from which changes are measured has been shifted from the period to the last completed year, 1914, in this bulletin. As explained in Appendix I, this change was made for the purpose, first, of utilizing the latest and most trustworthy quotations as the base from which fluctuations are to be measured and, second, to permit of the addition of new articles to those formerly included in the index number. For practically all articles which it was desired to add to the index 110 s were obtainable for the period i Previous wholesale reports of the Bureau are Bulletins Nos. 39,45,51,57,63,69,75.81,87,93,99, 114, and 149. * See Appendfcc II, pp. 257 to 263 of the present bulletin.

6 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OP LABOB STATISTICS. The former method of averaging the relative s of individual commodities to obtain group and general index numbers has also been superseded in the present report by the method of constructing these index numbers from the aggregate value of all commodities exchanged year by year from 1890 to The of each article in 1914, the base year, has first been multiplied by the quantity of the article marketed in the last census year, The products thus obtained have then been summed, giving the approximate value in exchange in 1914 of all articles in the group or in the total list of commodities. Similar aggregates have likewise been computed for each year from 1890 to 1913 and for each month of 1913 and With the aggregate for 1914 as the base, or 100, the index number for each year prior to 1914 and for each month of 1913 and 1914 has been obtained by comparing the aggregate value for such month with that for 1914 in the manner explained on page 254. To ascertain the quantities of the various commodities marketed in 1909, every available source, official and private, has been drawn upon. In the case of articles consumed to a large extent by the producer, as com, oats, hay, etc., only the portion actually marketed has been included. A similar plan has been followed to semi-manufactured articles, such as cotton and worsted yarns, pig iron, and steel billets, which are used to a large extent in establishments where produced. Concerning the classification of commodities adopted in this report, which is the same as that used in previous bulletins of the bureau, it may be said that the general plan followed with respect to raw commodities has been to group such articles according to their origin rather than according to the ultimate use to which they are put. Thus, cotton, wheat, and leaf tobacco are all classed with farm products, although in their finished state they enter into the groups designated as cloths and clothing, food, and miscellaneous, respectively. Also, certain manufactured articles, as nails and structural steel, are grouped with metals and metal products rather than with building materials. Wool, which is quoted in the scoured state, is included with cloths and clothing instead of farm products. Tallow, being used in the manufacture of certain foods, is included in the food group, although its principal use is in tho manufacture of commodities not consumed as food. While the classification adopted may thus appear to be to some extent arbitrary, the great amount of labor involved in a rearrangement of the groups for back years in order to make the data comparable with, the present makes any revision, even if desirable, impossible at this time. In the case of commodities of great importance, as has already been stated, more than one series has been included in the present bulletin. In no case, however, has an article of a particular

7 WHOLESALE PEICES, 1890 TO 7 description been represented by more than one series of quotations from the same market. With few exceptions the articles for which s are shown are of the same description as those included in the preceding bulletins on wholesale s, though a number of new commodities were introduced in 1908 and still others have been added in the present report. In the selection of commodities it has been the aim of the bureau to choose only important and representative articles in each group. To this end, in addition to utilizing all available information from official sources, a careful inquiry was instituted in the principal market centers to determine which articles within the general class or group enter to the largest extent into exchange from year to year. The sources from which quotations have been drawn are as follows: Standard trade journals, 188 series; leading manufacturers or their selling agents, 142 series; officials of boards of trade, etc., 8 series; and Government bureaus, 2 series. As far as possible the quotations for the various commodities have been secured in their primary markets. For example, the s quoted for live stock and most animal products are those for Chicago, wheat and flour s are mainly for Minneapolis and Kansas City, pig iron and nails for Pittsburgh, hops for New York City and Portland, Oreg., tar for Wilmington, N. C., etc. In the case of all articles subject to frequent fluctuations in, such as butter, eggs, grain, live stock, meats, cotton, etc., weekly quotations have been secured, while for articles whose s are more stable, only monthly quotations have been taken. These details are clearly brought out in the table appearing on pages 38 to 109 of the present bulletin. PRICES OF COMMODITIES IN 1914 AND IN PRECEDING YEARS. The slight decline in wholesale s which manifested itself toward the close of 1913 continued through the first six months of In July, however, s again assumed an upward tendency, the rise becoming more pronounced in August and September. From October to the end of the year there was a drop that carried the general level to a point somewhat below that prevailing at the close of By reference to the weighted index numbers appearing in the table on pages 12 to 16 of the present bulletin, it is seen that the most marked fluctuations during 1914 occurred in the s of articles belonging to the farm products, food, metals, and fuel and lighting groups. Farm products increased in from January to August, after which they steadily declined until the end of the year. In the food group s were lowest in March, April, and May, increasing to their maximum in September, while in the metals and metal products group, and also in that of fuel and lighting materials, s were highest in the first three months of the year and lowest in the

8 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. last three. Drugs and chemicals were lowest during the first eight months and highest during the last four months of the year. In the remaining groups, taken as a whole, s showed a rising tendency during the earlier part and a falling tendency during the latter part of While no attempt has been made to investigate the causes of the rise and fall of s in 1914, it is obvious that the present European war has influenced to a pronounced extent the market value of many commodities. This is particularly true of foodstuffs, for which there is now a greatly increased demand abroad, and of a few articles classed as drugs or chemicals. Thus, comparing the highest with the lowest monthly within the year, wheat in Minneapolis advanced 36 per cent; contract com in Chicago advanced 32 per cent; oats, 31 per cent; rye, 79 per cent; choice to prime beef steers, 15 per cent; granulated sugar, 83 per ccnt; opium, 63 per cent; alum, 57 per cent; and glycerin, 37 per cent. On the other hand, owing to disturbed market conditions attributable in large measure to the war, cotton in New Orleans declined 50 per cent in ; crude petroleum, 42 per cent; iron ore, 16 per cent; ingot copper, 21 per cent; pig lead, 16 per cent; steel billets, 10 per cent; structural steel, 13 per cent; linseed oil, 25 per cent; and cottonseed oil, 31 per cent. Comparing 1914 with 1913, the group of commodities showing the greatest in yearly s was that of metals and metal products, the in the group as a whole being slightly more than 13 per cent. In the fuel and lighting group the between the two years was 8.3 per cent. Three other groups show a varying from 2 to 3.8 per cent, while four of the nine groups into which the commodities have been classified show an increase. In all four of the groups showing an increase in 1914 over 1913, the rate was approximately 3 per cent. The following table shows for each of the nine groups the number of articles for which wholesale s were obtained and the number which increased or d in in 1914 as compared with 1913:

9 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1914, 9 CHANGES IN AVERAGE PRICES FOR 1914 AS COMPARED WITH 1913, BY GROUPS OF COMMODITIES. Group. Number of commodities or series. Increase. Number showing No change. Decrease. i Farm products Food, otc Cloths and clothing Fuel and lighting Metals and metal products Lumber and building materials Dru^s and chemicals House-furnishing goods...1 Miscellaneous...' Total...! From the above table it is seen that a majority of the commodities which increased in between 1913 and 1914 belong to the farm products and food groups. Within these two groups 72 commodities out of 124, or 58 per cent, increased in ; 44 commodities, or 36 per cent of the number, d in ; and 8 commodities, or 6 per cent, were unaffected by change. The articles showing the greatest increase were com, oats, rye, wheat, flaxseed, hops (New York State), calfskins, peanuts, tobacco, canned com, rye flour, wheat flour, fresh and evaporated apples, prunes, raisins, com meal, sugar, cabbage, onions, potatoes, and vinegar. Some of the articles in these two groups which d in were cotton, butter, canned tomatoes, coffee, lemons, and oranges. In each of the four groups of cloths and clothing, fuel and lighting, metals and metal products, and lumber and building materials, more than half of the commodities d in from 1913 to Decided s occurred in the yearly s of cotton yarns, print cloths, storm serge, Sicilian cloth, worsted yams, coke, gasoline, crude petroleum, bar iron, copper ingots, sheet copper, copper wire, iron ore, pig lead, lead pipe, pig iron, cast-iron pipe, steel billets, steel tank plates, steel sheets, structural steel, pig tin, wood screws, brick in New York City, plate glass, Douglas fir, rosin, and cedar shingles. Increases in were reported for cotton blankets, boots and shoes, leather, 10-4 bleached sheeting, quicksilver, linseed oil, turpentine, and a few other articles in the four groups named. Of 10 commodities classed as drugs or chemicals, 5 increased in, 4 remained stationary, and 1 d in in 1914 compared with The 5 articles showing an increase were alum, glycerin, grain alcohol, opium, and quinine. The article which d in was wood alcohol.

10 10 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Taking as a whole the 340 commodities for which the bureau secured s for 1913 and 1914, an increase in between these two years is shown for 122 articles, or 36 per cent of the total number, a is shown for 154 articles, or 45 per cent of all commodities, while no change in occurred in the case of 64 articles, or 19 per cent of the total. The per cent or in the wholesale in 1914, as compared with 1913, is shown for each of the 340 commodities in Table II, pages 110 to 238 of this bulletin. Index numbers of the several groups for the period are given in the table which follows. Four series of index numbers for each group of commodities are presented. Two of these are primary and two are derivative series. The first series is based on the s of the different articles in the group for the 10 years from 1890 to This is the unweighted index number appearing in all previous bulletins of the bureau on wholesale s. The series included in the second column of the table is obtained by striking the for the 10 years of the weighted index numbers published in the fourth column and dividing this into the index number for each year of the period 1890 to 1914 and for each month of 1913 and In effect, this operation reduces the old and the new indexes to a common base period, that of the decade The third series is computed from the first by dividing the 1914 index into the index for each preceding year and for each month of 1913 and The fourth series of index numbers, as explained elsewhere, is constructed by computing the aggregate value in exchange of all commodities in the group for each year of the period and then reducing these aggregate values to percentages of the aggregate value for 1914, carrying the computation back year by year, the comparison between any two consecutive years being restricted to identical commodities. To the reader who undertakes to compare the index numbers in the first or third column with those in the second or fourth column a word of caution should be given. The differences observed between the weighted and the unweighted index numbers for the several groups of commodities and for all commodities combined may be ascribed to two causes. In the first place, a small number of commodities included in the unweighted index for which satisfactory weights could not be obtained have been omitted from the weighted index. A more important reason for the differences between the two index numbers, however, appears to be the fact that, as explained elsewhere,1 the unweighted figures have been obtained by averaging the relative s of individual commodities, while the weighted index is built upon aggregates of money values. Under the former 1 Appendix I, pp. 239 to 256.

11 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 11 plan all commodities represented by a single quotation have equal influence upon the result, but in cases where an important commodity is represented by several series of quotations the influence of such commodity upon the group or general index is proportionate to the number of quotations used. In other words, the quotation and not the commodity is the unit of influence. Thus it can readily be seen that in computing the unweighted index numbers for the several groups of commodities published herewith some articles may have exerted an influence upon the result very disproportionate to the real importance of such articles as measured by their actual value in exchange. In the weighted index numbers, on the other hand, each commodity has an influence entirely commensurate with its importance with respect to the other commodities. The unweighted index numbers for all commodities combined have been computed from the relative s of individual commodities and not from the group index numbers previously ascertained. The effect produced by assigning too great or too little importance to particular commodities is therefore probably less pronounced in the case of the index number for all commodities combined than in the case of the group indexes, since the number of commodities included in the result is much larger and errors of weighting (by inclusion of a disproportionate number of quotations representing an article or a group) in one direction tend to offset those in another. This, in substance, appears to be the real explanation of the apparent discrepancies observed when the differences between the weighted and unweighted index numbers for the several groups are compared with similar differences in the index numbers for all commodities taken together.

12 12 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. IN D E X NUMBERS OF WHOLESALE PRICES, B Y GROUPS OF COMMODITIES, 189QTO (For explanation of method used in computing these index numbers, see p. 10.] Farm products. Food, etc. Year or Unweighted: s in S99= 100. i Weighted: aggregate value in exchange in 18CQ- 1S99 (on 1914 base)= Unweighted: in 1914 (on base)= Weighted: valuem exchange in 1914= Unweighted: s in = Weighted: aggregate value in exchange in (on 1914 base)= Unweighted: in 1914 (on base)= Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in 1914= C S S J> m * *J ICOu January February March A pril M ay July... 1C August September ICO October ICO November December 172 ICO January February March A pril lt M ay ICO S July August September:.. 1S Oc.ober (, November December Number of commodities varied from 16 in 1S90 to 30 in 2 Number of commodities varied from 53 in 1890 to 94 in 3 Number of commodities varied from 40 in 1890 to 87 in

13 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1800 TO 13 INDEX NUMBERS OF WHOLESALE PRICES, B Y GROUPS OF COMMODITIES, 1S90 TO 1914 Continued. [For explanation of method used in computing these index numbers, see p. 10.] Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Year or Unweighted: s in = Weighted: aggregate value in exchange in (on 1914 base)= Unweighted: in 1914 (on base)= Weighted: value in exchange in 1914= Unweighted: s in = Weighted: aggregate value in exchange in (on 1914 base)= Unweighted: in 1914 (on base)= Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in 1914= January February March April May July August September October November December January February March April May July August September October November December i Number of commodities variod considerably from 1890 to 1914, being G3 in 1913 and 76 in 8 Number of commodities varied from 56 in 1890 to 72 in s Number of commodities was 13 from 1S90 to 1913, inclusive, and 15 in 1

14 14 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. INDEX NUMBERS OF WHOLESALE PRICES, B Y GROUPS OF COMMODITIES, 1890 TO 1914 Continued. [For explanation of method used in computing these index numbers, see p. 10.] Metals and metal products. Lumber and building materials. Year or Unweighted: s in Weighted: aggregate value in exchange in (on 1914 base) 100.* Unweighted: in 1914 (on base) ioo.» Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in * Unweighted: s in * Weighted: value in exchange in (on 1914 base) Unweighted: in 1914 (on base) Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in « Ill no January February March April May July August September October N ovem ber J December C1 January February S March April May !) July August September October November December » Number of commolities varied from 37 in 1890 to 44 in s Numb9r of commolities varied from IS in 1890 to 25 in * Number of commolities varied from 26 in 1890 to 33 in * Number of commodities varied from 22 in 1890 to 30 in

15 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 15 INDEX NUMBERS OF WHOLESALE PRICES, B Y GROUPS OP COMMODITIES, 1890 TO 1914 Continued. [For explanation of method used in computing these index numbers, see p. 10.] Drugs and chemicals. House-furnishing goods Year or Unweighted: s m Weighted: aggregate value in exchange in (on 1914 base) Unweighted: in 1914 (on base) Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in Unweighted: s in * Weighted: aggregate value in exchange in 18C (on 1914 base) 100.* Unweighted: in 1914 (on base) Weighted: value?!! exchange in * Ill : / January... February March... April May July August September October November December January February... March April... May July August... September October November... December i Number of commodities varied from 9 in 1890 to 10 in * Includes 14 commodities from 1890 to * Includes 6 commodities (earthen and glass tableware) from 1890 to

16 16 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. IN D EX NUMBERS OF WHOLESALE PRICES, B Y GROUPS OF COMMODITIES, 1890 TO 1914 Concluded. [For explanation of method used in computing these index numbers, see p. 10.] Miscellaneous. All commodities. Year or Unweighted: s in Weighted: aggregate value in exchange in (on 1914 base)= Unweighted: in 1914 (on base)= Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in 1914= Unweighted: s in = Weighted: aggregate value in exchange in (on 1914 ba^e)** Unweighted: in 1914 (on base)= 100.* Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in 1914= January February March April May July August September October November December January February March April May July August September October November December i Number of commodities varied from 13 in 1890 to 24 in * Number of commodities varied from 12 in 1H90 to 22 in s Numbor of commodities varied from 251 in 1890 to 340 in * Number of commodities varied from 192 in 1890 to 297 in To assist in the comparison afforded by the figures in the foregoing table, there is shown herewith the per cent or in s for each year from 1891 to 1014 and for each month subsequent to January, 1913, as compared with the s for the pre

17 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 17 ceding The increases and s shown in this table have been computed in the case of each group from the unweighted and the weighted index numbers appearing in the first and fourth columns, respectively, of the preceding table. CHANGES IN WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO I l er cent ( + ) or ( ) for each year subsequent to 1890 and for each month subsequent to January, 1913, compared with the preceding ] Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothinir. Year cr Unweighted: s in = 100. Weighted: vaiu^in exchange in 1914= 100. Unweighted: s in = 100. Weighted: valucfin exchange in 1914= 100. Unweighted: s in ** 100. Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in 1914= e.i l.« i January...! February...!! March i <9 -.3 April... ; : (>) August i September October (1) +.3 November December January February C1) March April o August September October November December Bull Index number unchanged.

18 18 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. CHANGES IN WHOLESALE PRICES, 1S90 TO 1914 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Metals and metal products. Lumber and building materials. Year or Unweighted: s in = 10C. Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in 1914= 100. Unweighted: s m = 100. Weighted: vaiu^ui exchange in 1914= 100. Unweighted: pricos m = 100. Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in 1914= i , L C January... February... 0) L I March April ) L August September October L2 -.4 November O) -.1 December O) January L L0 0 ) February ) L March April L July August S e p t e m b e r October ) -.5 November December i Index number unchanged.

19 W H O L E S A L E P B IC E S, 1890 T O 19 CHANGES IN WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 1914 Concluded. ' Drugs and chemicals. House-furnishing goods. Miscellaneous. All commodities. Year or Unweighted: s in = 100. Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in 1914= 100. Unweighted: s in * 100. Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in Unweighted: s m Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in 1914= 100. Unweighted: s in = 100. Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in 1914= <»> r ) e w ) January... February March... April... May <*> Si Vf +.9 < > July August v ) v ) September October sij n Novem ber w V/ v ) December +.2 O) w M January February W March ) W W April Yl sl> May (1 <l>, Yl ll) 0 ) July... 0) -.5 m August V 3 W ) September $.8 +.9?ii October (!> iii N ovem ber h?ii December - 2, (*) Index number unchanged. 1 i eo«dj

20 20 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. In reviewing the course of wholesale s of all commodities as a whole during the 25-year period since 1890, it is seen from the weighted index numbers in the last column of the table on page 16 that, except for 1893, a downward trend was manifested during the first 8 years, or until 1897, after which s rose rapidly until 1910, with slight recessions in 1901 and 1905 and a more decided one in In 1911 s receded sharply, advancing again in 1912 to the highest point reached during the entire 25 years. Since 1912 s have slowly declined. Within the 25-year period the most marked fluctuations occurred in the groups of farm products, fuel and lighting, and metals and metal products, all of which contain a large percentage of raw materials. Farm products were lowest in 1896 and highest in 1910 and The lowest point for fuel and lighting was recorded in the years 1894, 1897, and 1898, and the highest point in In the group of metals and metal products, which showed the widest extremes of s within the period, the lowest level was reached in 1897 and 1898 and the highest in The group of commodities least affected by changes during the period was the one comprising drugs and chemicals. In this group the lowest s were reported in 1894 and the highest in 1911 and The course of wholesale s during the 25 years from 1890 to 1914 for all commodities taken as a whole is shown in the following chart. Both the weighted and the unweighted index numbers, reduced to the common-base period , have been charted in order that a ready comparison of the two may be made. It should be borne in mind, however, that the comparison is not an exact one, since in addition to differences inherent in the methods of construction, the weighted index is built on a somewhat smaller number of commodities than is used in the case of the unweighted index. Notwithstanding these differences, the two curves are strikingly similar.

21 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO M U. 2 1 COURSE OF WHOLESALE PRICES, 191S TO [ for 1890 to 1899=100.].WEIGHTED INDEX NUMBER UNWEIGHTED INDEX NUMBER'

22 22 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. The following chart shows the course of wholesale s of all commodities by months, from January, 1913, to December, Only the weighted s have been used in drafting this chart. COURSE OF W HOLESALE PRICES B Y MONTHS, 1913 AND [Aggregate value in exchange in 1914=100.] In addition to the classification of articles into the nine groups named in the preceding tables, they have been divided into two groups designated as raw commodities and manufactured commodities, respectively. A clearly defined classification of this character can not be made, but the commodities here designated as raw may be said to be such as are marketed in their natural state and such as have been subjected only to a preliminary manufacturing process, thu3 converting them into a marketable condition but not to a suitable form for final consumption. The commodities designated as manufactured are such as have been subjected to more than a preliminary factory manipulation, in which the manufacturing labor cost constituted an important element in the In the group designated as raw are included all farm products, beans, coffee, eggs, fresh fruits, milk, pepper, rice, tea, fresh vegetables, raw silk, wool, coal, crude petroleum, copper ingots, iron ore, pig iron, pig lead, pig tin, bar silver, spelter, sulphur, jute, rubber, and wood pulp a total of 78 series of quotations. All the other articles are classed as manufactured commodities. In this table, as in the one appearing on pages 12 to 16, the comparison afforded by the figures denoting the unweighted and the weighted index numbers, respectively, can not be considered exact, since the weighted index includes fewer commodities than the unweighted index and, as explained elsewhere, is constructed in a different manner from the latter.

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24 24 BULLETIN 0 V THE BUREAU 01' LABOR STATISTICS. W HOLESALE PRICE INDEXES OF RAW AND [For explanation of method used in com Raw commodities. Y «ir <;r Unweighted: s m = 100. Weighted: aggregate value in exchange in (on 1914 base)= 100. Unweighted: in 1914 (on base) 100. Weighted: Aggregate vajue in exchange in 1914= , January... February... March... April... May July... August... September... October... November... December ICO , January... February... March... April... May July... August... September... October... November... December

25 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO rured COMMODITIES, 1890 TO index numbers, see page 10.] Manufactured commodities. All cojnmodities. Unweighted: s m = 100. Weighted: aggregate value in exchange in (on 1914 ba se)-100. Unweighted: in 1914 (on base)= 100. Weighted: Aggregate value in - exchange in 1914= 100. Unweighted: s m i = 100. i Weighted: Unweighted: aggregate value in exchange in 1914 (on in (on S99 base)= base)= Ill ; ! i j j ; ' id: n?e

26 26 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. Probably a fairer comparison of fluctuations between raw and manufactured commodities is contained in the next table. In this presentation the index numbers have been computed in the one case from the s of 20 important commodities, representing 27 series of quotations, in their raw state and in the other case from the s of 71 articles manufactured from those same 20 raw commodities. The list of raw and manufactured commodities, arranged in pairs, is as follows: Barley and malt, cattle (2 quotations) and beef products (3 quotations), copper ingots and copper wire, com and com meal (2 quotations), cotton and cotton textiles (21 quotations), flaxseed and linseed oil, hides and leather (4 quotations), hogs (2 quotations) and hog products (5 quotations), milk and milk products (butter, 3 quotations, cheese, 1 quotation), petroleum (crude) and refined petroleum (2 quotations), pig iron (4 quotations) and iron products (6 quotations), pig lead and lead pipe, pig tin and tin plate, rye and rye flour, sheep (2 quotations) and mutton, spelter and sheet zinc, sugar (96 centrifugal) and granulated sugar, sulphur and sulphuric acid, wheat and wheat flour (2 quotations), wool (2 quotations) and wool textiles (12 quotations).

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28 28 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. WHOLESALE PRICE INDEXES OF IDENTICAL COMMOD [For explanation of method used in com Raw commodities. Year or Unweighted: s in * 100. Weighted: ^afueln exchange in (on 1914 base)= 100.! Unweighted: in 1914 ( base)= 100. Weighted: vaiu<fin exchange in 1914= January February March August September October November December January February July August September October November December Tho weighted index numbers included in tlio foregoing table show that, in the main, fluctuations in the s of manufactured commodities during the 25 years from 1890 to 1914 synchronized closely with fluctuations in the s of raw commodities. Compared with their 1914 base, manufactured articles maintained a higher level throughout the period prior to 1913 than did raw commodities. In

29 W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 29 ITIES IN RAW AND MANUFACTURED STATE, 1800 TO puting these index number, see page 10.] Manufactured commodities. All commodities. Unweighted: s m = Weighted: ^ J fu fin exchange in (on 1914 b a se)-100. Unweighted: in 1914 (on b a se)-100. Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in Unweighted: s in = 100. Weighted: ^ahaein exchange in (on 1914 b a se)-100. Unweighted: in 1914 (on base) 100. Weighted: Aggregate value in exchangein & both groups stood at the same level, 99. In the following chart the weighted index numbers for raw commodities and for manufactured commodities havo been reduced to the base period , in order that their fluctuations may more readily be compared:

30 30 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. COURSE OF W HOLESALE PRICES OF IDENTICAL COMMODITIES IN RAW AND MANUFACTURED STATE, 1890 TO ( aggregate value in exchange in 1890 to ] RAW COMMODITIES... MANUFACTURED. COMMODITIES

31 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 31 During 1913 and 1914 s in the two groups, while following the same general trend, did not correspond so closely in their movements from month to From January to July, 1913, as measured by the aggregate value exchanged in 1914, the level of manufactured goods was on a parity with or above that of raw commodities. Between July and August, however, raw materials increased in while manufactured articles d. From August, 1913, to July, 1914, the s of manufactured commodities remained at a lower level, as compared with their base, than did the s of raw commodities, the widest divergence being in April. Between July and August, 1914, both groups advanced to the highest point thus far attained during the two years, manufactured goods making the greater gain and continuing to advance until September. From August to the end of the year raw commodities steadily declined in, the level for December being below that for any other month of the two-year period. After September manufactured commodities likewise declined in, but the level reached in December was still above that for any other month of the period prior to August, These facts are brought out in the chart which follows. COURSE OF W HOLESALE PRICES OF IDENTICAL COMMODITIES IN RAW AND MANUFACTURED STATE, BY MONTHS, 1913 AND [Aggregate value in exchange in ] The table which follows shows the per cent or in s for these two groups for each year, 1891 to 1914, and for each month after January, 1913, as compared with the preceding

32 32 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. CHANGES IN WHOLESALE PRICES OF IDENTICAL COMMODITIES IN RAW AND MANU FACTURED STATE, 1890 TO [Per cent ( + ) or ( ) for each year subsequent to 1890 and for each month subsequent to January, 1913, compared with the preceding j Raw commodities. All commodities. Year or Manufactured commodities. Unweighted: s in = 100. Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in Unweighted: s m = 100. Weighted: Aggregate value in exchange in Unweighted: s in = 100. Weighted: tolufhi exchange in < January... February March April ) August ) September October November b ) December January February... <*>, March... 0 ) April ) ' July August September October November December i Less Ilian one-tenth of 1 per cent change.

33 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 33 The articles composing the group of farm products have been classified into two subgroups animal products and vegetable products in order that a comparison of movements during 1913 and 1914 in these two classes of raw commodities may be had. It is seen from the table which follows that the variation between the yearly s of animal products in 1913 and 1914 was somewhat greater than the corresponding variation in vegetable products. In both cases there was an increase in s between the two years. VARIATIONS IN THE WHOLESALE PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS, CLASSIFIED INTO ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE PRODUCTS, BY MONTHS, 1913 AND Animal products (12 series of quotations). Vegetable products (18 series of quotations). All products (30 series of quotations). Year or Weighted index (aggregate value in exchange in ). higher than lower than ( ) in preceding Weighted index (aggregate value in exchange in 1914 = 100). higher than lower than ( ) in preceding Weighted index (aggregate value in exchange in ). Per cent higher than lower than ( ) in preceding January February March April... May July August September October November December ; January February March April May ) July August September October November December Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent change. The greatest fluctuations from month to month occurred during the second half of 1914, when chaotic market conditions existed as a result of the war in Europe. Within this period both groups of commodities attained their highest level for the two years, the index number for vegetable products reaching 106 in August and that for animal products 107 in September. By December, however, both index numbers had dropped to 96, the lowest point reached by either group in 3889 Bull

34 34 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. EXPLANATION OF TABLES. The detailed statistical tables of this report are two in number, entitled as follows: I. Wholesale s of commodities from January to December, II. wholesale s of commodities for each year, 1890 to 1914, and for each month of Table 1. Wholesale s o f commodities from January to December, pages 38 to 109. This table shows in detail the actual s from January to December, 1914, as obtained for the 340 commodities, or series of quotations, included in the present report. The net cash s are given for textiles and all articles whose list s are subject to large and varying discounts. In the cases of plain wire and cut and wire nails, however, the s of which are subject to a small discount for cash within 10 days, no deduction has been made. In collecting s for inclusion in the report, the aim has been to secure quotations on those particular grades or qualities of an article that represent the bulk of sales within the class. Thus, in the case of commodities for which s were taken from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter, the lower quotations were selected where a range of s was found, because of the fact that in that publication these are believed to represent the s of large lots, while the higher quotations represent the s of smaller lots. For the same reason eggs classed as firsts are now quoted instead of the new laid grade formerly carried, since it has been ascertained that the latter kind is less important in the market. In the case of butter, the quotations have been enlarged by the addition of several lower-d grades not included hitherto but which have been found to constitute a considerable part of the volume of butter sales. In Table I the prefatory notes to the quotations state the date of the quotations and, if weekly, whether they are for some particular day of the week, the for the week, or the range for the week. The majority of the weekly quotations show the on Tuesday, but if for any reason the was not obtainable on the particular day stated, the first available thereafter has been taken. The quotations from trade and other journals, when credited to the first of each month, are not in all instances the for the exact day stated. They are, however, the earliest s for the month published in the journal to which the article is credited. The following table shows the number of commodities, or series of quotations, in each group, classified as to frequency:

35 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1SIHJ TO 35 NUMBER OF COMMODITIES, OR SERIES OF QUOTATIONS, CLASSIFIED AS TO FRE QUENCY OF QUOTATIONS, Frequency of quotations. Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Metals and metal products. Lumber and building materials. Drugs and chemicals. HousefurnisLing goods. Miscellaneous. Total. Weeklv Monthly Total i The prefatory note to each series of quotations in Table I states also in most instances the market in which the s have been obtained. In the case of textiles and a few articles belonging to other groups, however, the s shown are those for the general distributing markets, such as Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. Where no market is mentioned in the prefatory note, therefore, it should be understood that the s are for the general market. The different markets represented and the number of commodities in each market, classified into groups, are shown in tabular form, as follows: NUMBER OF COMMODITIES, OR SERIES OF QUOTATIONS, CLASSIFIED BY MARKETS, FOR WHICH PRICES W ERE SECURED, 340 Market. Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Metals and metal products. Lumber and building materials. Drugs and chemicals. Housefurnishing goods. Miscellaneous. Total. Ansonia, Conn... Boston... Chicago... Cincinnati... Cleveland... Elgin, Gloucester, Mass... Kansas City, Mo... La Salle, Louisville... Mahoning, Pa Minneapolis... New Orleans... New York... Norfolk, V a... Peoria, Philadelphia... Pittsburgh... Portland, Oreg... St. Louis... San Francisco... Trenton, N. J... Washington, D. C... Wilmington, N. C... Distillery, factory, wells, etc.. General market Total I

36 36 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. In many localities the of bread per loaf is not affected by changes in the of flour, but the weight of the loaf is changed instead. For this reason the relative s of bread published in Table II are based on the pound of dough before baking and not on the baked loaf. Table I shows the loaf and, in the prefatory note, the pound before baking computed from the weight for the year. The of 8-penny nails quoted in this report is by the established nail card of the trade, uniformly 10 cents per 100 pounds higher than the base, the given in market quotations. For an explanation of the nail card the reader is referred to Bulletin No. 39, page 226. The closing of the New York and New Orleans cotton exchanges following the outbreak of hostilities in Europe made it impossible to obtain satisfactory quotations for this staple during a part of The yearly s reported for cotton in 1914 are. therefore somewhat higher than would have been the case had they included quotations for the period of business demoralization during which the exchanges were closed. The s for the two quotations of wool appearing in this report were, obtained as for washed wool and then reduced to the scoured basis by increasing the in proportion to the amount of shrinkage. For all commodities the for the year was obtained by dividing the sum of the quotations by the number of quotations. Where a range of s was shown the mean for each date was found and the sum of such means was divided by their number to give the for the year. For example, the sum of the 52 mean s of barley on Tuesday during 1914 (shown on page 39) was found to be $31,985. This total divided by 52 gives $ as the for the year. It is obvious that in order to arrive at a strictly scientific for the year one must know the precise quantity marketed and the at which each unit of quantity was sold. It is manifestly impossible to obtain such detail, and even if it were possible the labor and cost involved in such a compilation would be prohibitive. The method adopted here, which is the one usually employed in computing s, is believed to vield results quite satisfactory for all practical purposes. Table II. wholesale s of commodities for each year, 1890 to 1914, and for month of 1914, pages 110 to 288. This table shows, in addition to the s, the relative s for each month; that is, the per cent that the s in each month is of the for the 10 years from 1890 to'.

37 WHOLESALE PBIGES, 1890 TO In the line above the for 1890 is given the for the 10-year period taken as the basis of comparison. For the 10 articles that do not show s for the entire period of 10 years, the base in each case is the of the years prior to and including The per cent or in the for each year or month, as compared with the preceding month, is shown by the figures in the third column of the table. It was impossible to secure quotations during all of the months of 1914 for 16 of the 340 articles, viz: Cotton at New Orleans and at New York, fresh apples, canned com, buckwheat flour, cabbage, chrome calf leather, oak harness leather, hemlock sole leather, oak sole leather, Italian raw silk, bar silver, brick at Chicago, window glass (AA and B grades), and opium. For the 9 articles quoted for the first time in 1908 and also for the 88 series covering 1913 and 1914 that have been added in the present report, no relative s on the base could be computed. However, these commodities have been included in the unweighted index numbers appearing on pages 12 to 16 of this report. The method used in such instances is the one described on page 244 of Appendix I of the present bulletin. In the record of s from 1890 to 1914, 233 series of quotations (including cases of substitution) have been presented for the entire period and an additional 128 for some portion of the period. Of the latter number, 21 articles have been discontinued; as follows: No quotations are shown for imported tin plate since 1898; for Ashton s salt since 1903; for beaver overcoatings since 1905; for sun-dried apples, nutmegs, cotton and wool blankets, split boots, men s 84- needle hose, linen thread, all-wool chinchilla overcoatings, shawls, Atlantic brown sheetings, Hope bleached sheetings, and indigo 16- ounce suitings since 1907; for cotton-'w arp chinchilla overcoatings since 1908; for Vienna loaf bread and 89 refining sugar since 1911; for salt beef hams and Atlantic bleached sheetings since 1912; and for horses and mules since The s of these 21 articles are not shown in any tablo of this report, but may be found in preceding bulletins on wholesale s.

38 38 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, FARM PRODUCTS. COTTON: Upland, middling, at New Orleans. [Price per pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Times-Picayune.) Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar SO J.13 12tl.12* $ 13* Apr May......S w w w w u u cow u w w u w July... A ug... Sept... $0.13* *13* -13* 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) ' ' : 9 : Oct,....9 S S 3 3 S S 3 3 S S ~ a - \. $ COTTON: Upland, middling, at New York. [Price per pound on Tuesday of each week; quotation from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $ Apr $ J u ly... $ Oct C1) flj rli Feb.1275 May A ug Nov... m M $ Mai* Sept... b ) ) ) $ FLAXSEED: No. 1, cash. [Price per bushel of 56 pounds, at Minneapolis, on the first of each month; quotations from the Daily Market Record.] Jan... Feb Mar... $1.45 -$1.48J ft- 1.39} Apr... May... $1.55 -$ fh 1.55$ 1.58.}- 1.61ft j July...! Aug... ; Sept... $1.56ft-$l. 59ft ft Oct, N ov... Dec... $1.38 -$1.42ft J- 1.46ft. $ i No quotation.

39 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1800 TO 39 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. GRAIN: Barley, fair to good malting, by sample. [Price per bushel of 48 pounds, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Month.. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. J a n Apr July Oct Feb May Aug Nov fc Mar ,.61 Sept , , \ GRAIN: Corn, contract grades, cash [ Price per bushel of 56 pounds shelled, or 70 pounds in the ear, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin^ Jan $ Apr $0.68$-$0 69 July $ $.67$ $.64-64$ $ $.66-66$.74$ $ Feb $ M ay $ A ug ,.74$ *.61J $.83$ $ ; $ ,.83$ J.63.71$- 71* Mar...,63j f- 71 S ep t ,.79* Deo ] $ ,80$ J $ $ * $ *-, ? $.68$- 68* ?. SO.6953 GRAIN: Corn, No. 3, mixed, cash. (Price per bushel of 56 pounds shelled, or 70 pounds in the ear, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan. Feb.. Mar.. SO $ $ $ $ $ 64$-.65 Apr M a y $.66J-.66$.63$ $ } $ *.70$-.70* f *-.69$.68i- -68$ July... Aug... S ep t $-$0.68 Oct. Nov... Dec... $0.72j $-30.72* :.72: : 75 68j , $.64$ *.61^.62*

40 40 BULLETIN OP THE BUBEAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T ab l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. GRAIN: Oats, contract grades, cash. Price per bushel of 32 pounds, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin. J Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan Apr I0.39 July... S0.3ftf Oct $0.46}.39}.37].36* t.37].36*.47}-.47f,38f.37; Feb....38* M ay A ug * j.42*.48.39$.42] Mar....39$ S ep t ! #.39] I 4?I.36 I 1i GRAIN: Rye, No. 2, cash. :3. SO (Price per bushel of 56 pounds, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... SO. 614 Apr SO. 63 Tuly... SO. 55 SO. 92 -$0.92} } $ } } Feb...62 May..,..63 A ug... SO Nov $ } } S } 1.06}- 1.07} Mar.61.65} Sept....96} } } }- 1.08} }.65} } 1.10} }. SO GRAIN: Wheat, No. 1, northern spring, cash, at Chicago. (Price per bushel of 60 pounds on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... S0.90Z-S0.9U Apr S0.94i-S0.945 ' July... SO. 90 -SO. 91} Oct,. Sl.08-Sl.09f } :S! J r! 96 - : Feb ) May....97*-.98 A u g Nov } f. 92*.93).9 8 -, } } } } } } Mar Sept }. 95} } } r } SI. 0412

41 WHOLESALE FRICES, 1890 TO 4 1 T a b l e ^W H O LESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. GRAIN: Wheat, No. 2, red winter, cash, at Chicago. [Price per bushel of 60 pounds on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... S0.96M0.98* J!%! } * } *-.94* Apr M ay,... $0.92f-40.93* }-.94*.94*-.95*.95*-.96* *-.99* ;.94f * * July... Aug S ept... SO. 81 -SO. 82* }-.81* }.85*-.87}.94*-.95* *- 1.06} 1.12* *- 1.18J 1.03} *- 1.11ft 1.07*- 1.08} Oct... Nov... Dec... SI. 06*-Sl. 06} i. m 1.13}- 1.14ft * } 1.15}- 1.16* 1.14*- 1.15} * 1.23}- 1.25* *. SI GRAIN: Wheat, No. 2, hard winter, cash, at Kansas City. [Weekly bushel of 60 pounds; quotations from the Price Current-Grain Reporter.] Jan... SO. 81*-$0.89 Apr SO. 87 -SO.91*.8 3 -,.89.84*-, * * * *-,.90 Feb....84*-.89* May * J-, * * M ar..:... le f: :.90*.88*-,.90*.8 8 -,.92 92*.86} , *.90-1,.00 July.. Aug.. Sept * } * $-.91$ *.81* * Oct. Nov., Dec. 96*-$l. 97* GRAIN: Wheat, No. 1, northern spring, cash, at Minneapolis. [Weekly bushel of 60 pounds; quotations from the Price Current-Grain Reporter.]

42 42 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES PROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. GRAIN: Wheat, bluestem, cash, at Portland, Oreg. [Price per bushel of 60 pounds on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Morning Oregonian.J Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar... $ $ J Apr M a y... $1.00 -* J u ly... Aug S ept... $ $ } 1.03* 1.05 $ } }. $ HAY: Timothy, No.! [Price per ton of 2,000 pounds, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Price Current- Grain Reporter.) Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ Ju ly... Aug S ep t... $ Oct... $ ) $ HIDES: Calfskins, No. 1, country hides, 8 to 15 pounds. [Price per pound, at Chicago, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ J- -22* Apr M S y... $ * *211 J u ly... A u g... Sept... $ Nov... Dec... $ $ HIDES: Green, salted, packers*, heavy native steers. [Price per pound, at Chicago, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $0.18 $ * Apr M a y... $0.18 $ J u ly... A u g... Sept... $0.19Ht0-191 '.21 Oct... $ $ i No quotation.

43 WHOLESALE PKICES, 1890 TO 4 3 T able I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES PROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. HIDES: Green, salted, packers*, heavy Texas steers. [Price per pound, at Chicago, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar... SO. 17? SO * Apr M a y... SO. 19 :3 Ju ly... A ug... S ep t... S0.18J &.20 S0H9MO.2O.19*-. 19$.20. SO HOPS: New York State, prime to choice. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations front the New York Journal of Commerce.) Jan... Feb... Mar... S0.45-S Apr M ay... SO Ju ly... A ug... S ep t... S0.36-t S0.45-S i j. SO HOPS: Pacific Coast. [Price per pound, at Portland, Oreg., on the first of each month; quotations from the Morning Oregonian.] Jan... Feb... Mar... S0.20H>0.21i * Apr M a y... S0.17-S J u ly... A ug... S ep t... SO * O ct... Dec... SO. 10-S $ $ LIVE STOCK: Cattle, steers, choice to prime, heavy beeves. (Price per 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan... S8.85-S9.35 Apr---- $ J u ly... $ Oct... S10.00-SU Feb M ay A ug ) Mar *i6-*9*75 ' S ep t S No quotation.

44 44 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b lk I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. LIVE STOCK: Cattle, steers, good to choice, corn fed. jl'ricv p. r 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan. Feb Mar $8.35-S * *8.*60-*9.*0<j & Apr M a y... S8.40-S **8.* July. Aug.. Sept.. S8.85-S Oct... Nov... Dec.... S8.65-S A *^ S LIVE STOCK: Hogs, heavy (range of quotations for44selected 260 to 300 pounds packing * and fair to fancy heavy shipping* ). (Price per 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan... Feb, Mar... S i~ S * } } V i. 1 1 s s & s s i s s s s QOOOOOQOQO Apr M ay... S g - S I J u ly } J : A ug j } * i } ; : } ! } : } S.4 7 i i S } } } S e p t Oct,... Nov... Dec... S $ $ } S LIVE STOCK: Hogs, light (range of quotations for 44common to choice, light bacon,** and 44fair to fancy, selected butchers**). [Price ppr 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan. Feb. Mar. S8.05-S $ } J S A pr... May.. June.. S8.75-S8.87 ^ } * 90^*8.67 j J u ly... A ug... Sept... S8.20-S Oct. Nov. Dec.. S8.30-S ^ S8.3S16 1 No quotation.

45 WHOLESALE PBICES, ' T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY T O DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Continued. LIVE STOCK: Sheep, ewes, fed, poor to best. [Price per 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the (liicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.].lonth. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... $ Mar Apr M ay... $ July... $4.10-$ A ug S ept Oct... Nov $4. :15-$ ) J $ LIVE STOCK: Sheep, lambs, range, good to prime. [Price per 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan... $7.90-$8.30 Apr $7.65-$8.25 July $9.00-$9.25 O c t...;. $7.30-S Feb M ay A ug M * Mar Sept $ LIVE STOCK: Sheep, wethers, fed, common to best. [Price per 100 pounds, live weight, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.) Jan... $5.25-$ Apr $5.90-$ July... $5.35-$ $ Feb May A u g Nov, ) Mar S ep t M ) i No quotation.. $5.8301

46 46 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FARM PRODUCTS Concluded. PEANUTS: No. 1 grade. [Price per pound, at Norfolk, on the first of each month; quotations from the Virginian-Pilot.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.03} Apr $0.04} July... $0.04i Oct.... $0.04 -$0.01* Feb... Mar May * A ug... S ep t....04* $ * }. $ POULTRY: Live fowls, at Chicago. [Price per pound on Friday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Tribune.] Jan... $0.15 Apr $0.17 -$0.18 July... $0.15*-$0. 16 O ct.... $0.14*-$0115 $0.13* * * ; 15*.12*-.13*.14* * * 14* *.10*-.11* Feb M ay A ug * i i o t 17 :.16 Nov : S *. 15* * * *.15* *-.15 Mar....14* * Sept....15* * *. 14* l l { *.15.14* * *.10*-.11*. $ POULTRY: Live fowls, choice, at New York. [Price per pound on Friday of each week; quotations from the National Provisioner.] Jan. Feb Mar Apr May SO. July Aug Sept *-.17 O ct.. Nov.. Deo.. I0.17M * *.12* H i * G.13* i *.13i $ TOBACCO: Burley, dark red, good leaf. [ Price per 100 pounds, at Louisville, on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Western Tobacco Journal.] Jan... $ Feb Mar... 'iio o l ikoo* Apr $ May July... $13.00-$ A ug... ii oo^iefoo Sept Oct... $ $

47 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1914, 47 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. BEANS: Medium, choice. [Price per 100 pounds, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar... $3. G0-$ CO 3.50 Apr M ay..,. $3.65 $ July A ug... Sept... $3.70 $ $4.65-$ $ BREAD: Crackers, oyster, puff, in boxes. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0,061 Apr $0.06} July... $0.06} $0.06} Feb... M ay....06} A ug....06}.06} Mar... ioef.06} S ept....0 *.06}. $ BREAD: Crackers, soda, in boxes containing 3 dozen each. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each Jan... $0.06} Apr $0.06} July... $0.06} Oct... $0.06} Feb....06} May.06} A ug....06} Nov....06} Mar....06}.06} Sep t....06}.06}. $ BREAD: Loaf, at New York. [Price per loaf on the first of each weight before baking, 141 ounces. pound (before baking), $ ] Jan... $0.04 Apr $0.04 July... $0.04 Oct... $0.04 Feb May.04 A ug Mar Sept Dec $ BREAD: Loaf, at Washington, D. C. [Price per loaf oil the first of each Weight before baking, 16 ounces. Price per pound (before baking), $ ] I Jan... $0.04 Apr $0.04 July... $0.04 Oct... $0.04 F e b May.04! A ug Mar ; Sept Dec i. $0.0400

48 48 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. BUTTER: Creamery, extra, at Boston. (Price ]>er pound on Wednesday of each week; quotations from the weekly report of the Boston Chamber of Commerce.] BUTTER: Creamery, firsts, at Boston. (Price per pound on Wednesday of each week; quotations from the weekly report of the Boston Chamber ofcommerce.] Jan. Feb. Mar. $0.30-S Apr M ay... SO. 23-SO $ $ $! :5»i July... A ug... Sept... SO. 25$-$0.26$ $-.28$ $ $ $ Oct... Nov... Dec... S0.27-S SO BUTTER: Creamery, seconds, at Boston. Prioe per pound on Wednesday of each week; quotations from the weekly report of the Boston Chamber ofcommerce. J Jan... SO. 26 Apr S0.21-S0.22 J u ly... $0.23-$0.24 Oct... $0.25-$ , , Feb... $ M ay A ug : Mar June Sept $0.2451

49 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 49 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. BUTTER: Creamery, extra, at Chicago. IPrice per pound on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Dairy Produce. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan. Feb. Mar *.27.28$ $.26.24$ Apr.. May. S $-.26$- SO $ Ju ly... A ug... Sept... SO. 2 SO *.27$-.28 2*.28.29$ $ O ct.., Nov.. D e c - SO $- SO $. S BUTTER: Creamery, extra firsts, at Chicago. [ Price per pound on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Dairy Produce.] Jan.. Feb. Mar.. SO. 32-SO.33 Apr SO. 23 -SO.23*.2 8 -, ! 24$ , $ M ay....26$ :Sfc: $ $ ;.24$ , , ,.25$.2 5 -,.26 24$ $- : $ July.. Aug.. Sept.. SO 25 -SO $ 26$ : , ,.29.29$ ^!.28$ Oct., Nov., Dec.. S0.28-S $ $ $ $. SO BUTTER: Creamery, firsts, at Chicago. IPrice per pound on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Dairy Produce.] Jan... SO. 25-SO ; Feb $ Mar... a t : $.23$ Apr M ay... SO. 21 -SO $.21 -,.22$ $-,.22$ $.21$ , ,.23$ $ ,.24 J u ly... A ug... Sept... SO. 22-SO $ } J.23$ }.25$ $ : * * * Oct. Nov. Dec... SO. 26-SO $ $.26$ $-.29$ $ $.27$ ,.23$ $. SO Bull

50 50 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS* T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. BUTTER: Whole milk, extra, at Cincinnati. [Price per pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Price Current.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.39 Apr $0.28} J u ly... $0.30 $ } } }.32.35} Feb.30} M ay A u g stt.30} }.34" } Mar Sep t....34} } }.31}.34}.36.30} } $0,327# BUTTER: Creamery, centralized firsts, at Cincinnati. [Price per poimd on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Price Current.] Jan... $0.33} Apr $0.22}-$0.24} July... $0.23}-$0.21A $0.26!b$0.27}.31} ].28}.31. 2U-.23} i.28}.27}.21}-.23} _.30 Feb,...23} M ay A ug Nov....20!-.30}.23} } }-.28}.29l.30} }- 28}.29j _! 30} Mar... $ Sept ! 30} }-.28}.29] _.30}.24* }.24* }-.27} } } A verage. $ BUTTER: Creamery, centralized seconds, at Cincinnati. [Price per pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Dally Price Current.] Jan... $0.29} Apr $0.171-S0.18} July... $0.19}-$0.20} $0.22 -$ } }-.21} }.16}-,.17}.20}-.21} }-.17}.21}-.24}-.25} Feb....18} M ay A ug....21}- 22f } } $ Mar Sept....23}-.24 Deo } }-.24} } s $0.2215

51 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1914, 51 T able I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. BUTTER: Creamery, Elgin, at Elgin, 111. [Price per poimd on Monday of each week; quotations from the Elgin Dairy Report.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... $ }.28} 130*.30 Mar }.26f.25* Apr M a y }.25.23} (5}.28$.27}.27.$ July... $ }.27}.28 A ug }.30.30}.31 S ep t Oct... $ s* Dec $ BUTTER: Creamery, fancy, at New Orleans. [Price per pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Times-Picayune.] Jan... $0.3 8 * Apr $ $ } ; I Ju ly... $ } Oct... Feb $ J ; }. 3 8 } : $. 3 2 }.35} }. 3 3 May... A ug $ : l } }.33 Mar....32$ Sept *.33.34}.35.29J } } } !.29}.30.31}.37 i j. 3 0 } } } } $0. 3l<>2 BUTTER: Creamery, choice, at New Orleans. [Price per pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Times-Picayune.] Jan... $0.37} Apr $0,261 ; July... $0.27 $0.30} }.37} } Feb May j A ug $ } i }.31*.32 Mar }.Sept i }.28} }.28} }.28}.30} $0.3019

52 52 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b lk I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. BUTTER: Creamery, extra, at New York. [Price per pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.) Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. - Price. Jan... S0.36M0.374 Apr S0.259-S0.26l July... S0.264-S0.27 Oct SO. 30$.33.33* J _ , * $ $ Feb j M ay Aug Nov.34.27$ ] SO Mar....31} Sept Dec $- 26f i.26.27J $.26Jr $-.31 '.34$ * $ j $. SO BUTTER: Creamery, firsts, New York. [Price per pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.) Jan... SO. 29-SO. 35 Apr SO. 24$-S<). 25] Ju ly... SO. 24$-S0.26 SO. 27$-S0.29$.2 8 -, $-.24] , $ f.24) $.28$-.32$ Feb :S M ay Aug Nov $ $ Mar $-.261 Sept $ $ $ * $ $ $ $ j! BUTTER: Creamery, seconds, at New York.. SO [Price per pound on Tuesday of cach week; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... S0.24$-S0.28 Apr SO. 22 -SO. 24 J u ly... SO. 22 -$0.24 Oct... $0.25 -SO $ $-.28$ $ $ $-.24$ Feb $-. 25 M ay $ Aug.23$-.25$ Nov $ $ $.26$ $ $' Mar June Sept $ J $ $.25J-.27$ $ SO. 2506

53 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 3 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. BUTTER: Creamery, extra, at Philadelphia. [Price per pound on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Philadelphia Record.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month.* Price. Jan... * Feb } Mar Apr $ May } } i J u ly... $ }.29 A u g $ }.32 1 Sept } }.31 O ct... $ $ BUTTER: Creamery, extra firsts, at Philadelphia. [Price per pound on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Philadelphia Record.] Jan... * Feb }-.31 Mar....3i -.3 i} Apr---- $ May } f J u ly... $0.27-$0.27} A u g Sept $0.28}-S } $ BUTTER: Creamery, firsts, at Philadelphia. [Price per pound on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Philadelphia Record.] Jan... $ } Feb } } Mar Apr $ M ay $ h.23}-.24".23}-.24 J u ly... $0.26 -$0.26} A ug $0.27-$ } } Sept }-.30}.29}-.30}.28}-.29} } $0.2759

54 54 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. BUTTER: Creamery* extra, at San Francisco. [Price per pound on Thursday of each week; quotations from the Pacific Dairy Review.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... JO $ Apr SO $ Ju ly... SO $ SO $ $ $.32.23$ F eb M a y....23$ A ug.... 2!V\ Nov } $.29.33$ $ Mar Sept $ $ $ *.28. SO BUTTER: Creamery, firsts, at San Francisco. [Price per pound on Thursday of each week; quotations from the Pacific Dairy Review.] Jan... SO. 28$ A p r... SO. 22$ J u ly... SO. 23 SO * $ Feb M a y Aug.22 Nov $ $ Mar....21$.22$.23$ S ep t SO CANNED GOODS: Corn, No. 2, fancy. [Price per dozen cans (can contains 20 ounces net), at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... SI. 00 Apr SI. 00 Ju ly... SI. 25 $1.10 Feb... Mar M a y... 0 ) 1.25 A ug... Sept N ov i CANNED GOODS: Peas, No. 2, sifted.. SI [Price per dozen cans (can contains 19 ounces net), at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... SI. 50 Apr SI. 50 J u ly... SI. 50 Oct... SI. 50 F eb, M ay A uk 1.50 Nov Mar S ept SI CANNED GOODS: Tomatoes, standard New Jersey, No. 3. [ Price per dozen cans (5-inch can containing 34 ounces net), at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb Si Apr M a y... SI Ju ly... Ausr SI O ct.... Nov... SI Mar Juno Sept j i 1 No quotation*. SI. 0083

55 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 55 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. CHEESE: Whole milk, American twins, at Chicago. [Price per pound on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Dairy Produce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb.... SO.155-SO.16}.16} } Mar } } } } } Apr M ay... S0.15}-$ } } } } } July... Aug... Sept.. SO.13}-S } } } } } O ct.. Nov.. Dec. SO. 13 -SO. 13}. 12} } } -, ,13} } ,13} } V } }. SO.1438 CHEESE: State, whole milk, colored,, fancy, at New York. (Price per pound on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan. Feb, Mar SO Apr M ay... SO. 14}-S }.13}-.13} } is }-. m. 13] } j *. 13-f.14 July A ug... Sept... SO. SO ].15}.15 if-.15} Oct. Nov.. Dec. SO. 15 -SO.15}.14}.14}.14#.14 j l r-.14?. 14;.14i.14* ' : ; -. 14f. 14; } SO.1518 CHEESE: California flats, fancy, at San.Francisco. [Price per pound on Thursday of each week; quotations from the Pacific Dairy Review.] Jan... SO. 18} A p r... SO. 15} July... SO. 12} O ct.,,, SO } }.13}.13 Feb }.14.16}.18} May.13} A ug } }.13} Mar } Sept }.13}. 13}.16.15} }.14}.14.13* i l l!. SO COFFEE: Rio, No. 7, Brazil grades. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... F eb... Mar... SO. 09}.09*.09} Apr M ay... S0.08i-S } July A ug... Sept S0.08$-S }.07 Dec... SO.OG5-SO.Oi*. «* l o o t. SO.0816

56 56 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. -WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. EGGS: Firsts, western, at Boston. [Price per dozen on Wednesday of each week; quotations from the weekly report of the Boston Chamber of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan. Feb. Mar Apr M a y... $0.19*.20 $ *.20* * *.20$ } * Ju ly.. Aug.. Sept. I0.20-S * * Oct. Nov. Dec. SO. 24 SO , I. SO EGGS: Firsts, fresh, at Chicago. [Price per dozen on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Dairy Produce.] Jan. Feb. Mar. S0.31J-S *.31* }.27* }.25J- *25$.26? }- -26] Apr May... $0.18 -SO 17S~.19 - :i8.i= J u ly... A ug... Sept... $0.18J-S * *-.21* * 22.}-.23*.22* * *.20* Oct. Nov.. Dec. S0.2ii >.2i -S0.22* 21*.22*.22 r *.26J * * }. SO EGGS: Firsts, fresh, at Cincinnati.

57 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1690 TO 57 T a b le I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. EGGS: Candled, western, at New Orleans. [ Price per dozen on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Times-Picayune.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... SO.3 3 Apr SO Ju ly... SO. 2 1 $ $ Feb May !.1 7 $ A ug Nov $ 0, J -, J } $ , Mar * -.20 Sept * f $ EGGS: Firsts, fresh gathered, at New York. (Price per dozen on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $0.34 -$0.35 Apr $0.19H&D.204 July... $0.204-$0.214 Oct... $0.24-$ Feb May A u g * Mar Sept....at: :S $ EGGS: Extra firsts, western, at Philadelphia.

58 58 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD* ETC. Continued. EGGS: Fresh, selected, pullets', at San Francisco. [Price per dozen on Thursday of each week; quotat ions from the Pacific Dairy Review.] Month. Prieo. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... S0.40A Apr $0.18 July... $0.21 Oct... $ * * m * Feb M ay A ug n j.27 h Mar S ept ? } J.32J S0.2S7S Jan. Feb Mar FISH: Cod, large, shore (pickled, cured). [Price per 100 pounds, at GMouccwler, Mass., on the first of each ] $ A pr... May.., June.. $ ! July... $7.00 Oct... $7.00 A ug Nov 7.00 Sept $ FISH: Herring, pickled, Newfoundland, split, large No. 1. [Price per barrel of pounds, at New York, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the Fishing Gazette.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ July A ug... Sept... $ Oct... $ $ I FISH: Mackerel, salt, large No. 3s. [Price per barrel, 200 pounds nel. at Boston, on the first of each ] Jan... $11.00 Apr $11.00 Julv... $10.00 O c t... $9.50 Feb May Aug Mar Sept ! i i. FISH: Salmon, canned, Columbia River, tails Is (Chinook fancy). $ [Price per dozen 1-pound cans, at New York, on the first of each month; ouotai ons from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $2.20-$2.25. A p r... $ July... $ Oct... S2.20-S2.25 Feb M ay Aug ; n?>v Mar i Sept j Doc ii

59 WHOLESALE pr ices, 1890 TO Table I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES PROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. FLOUR: Buckwheat. [Price per 100 pounds, in bulk, at New York, on the first of eaeli 1 Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $2.85 Apr <l> Ju ly... Oct $2.65-S2.75 Feb 2.85 M ay Mar 2.85 h Sept... 0) $2.82!K) FLOUR: Rye, pure, medium straight. [Price per barrel of 190 pounds, at Minneapolis, in each week; quotations from the Northwestern Miller.] Jan... $3.00-$3.10 Apr $3.09-$3.10 J u ly... $3.00--$3.10 O c t.. $3.50-$ CO 3.CO Feb M ay Aug Nov CO Mar S ep t D ec CO CO $ FLOUR: Wheat, winter patents, at Kansas City. [Price per barrel of 194 pounds, in jute,f. o. b. at Kansas City, in each week: quotations from the Northwestern Miller.] Jan... $3.90-$ Feb Mar Apr---- $3.90-$ M ay Ju ly... $3.40-$ A ug Sept O c t... $4.95-$ $ No quotation.

60 60 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. FLOUR: Wheat, winter straights, at Kansas City. (Price per barrel of 193 pounds, in jute, f. o. b. at Kansas City, in each week; quotations from the Northwestern Miller, j Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $ Feb Mar Apr $ May SO July... $ Aug Sept Nov... $ $ FLOUR: Wheat, second patents, at Minneapolis. (Price per barrel of 196 pounds, in wood, f. o. b. at Minneapolis, in each week; quotations from the Northwestern Miller.] Jan... $ Apr $ July... $ $ Feb M ay Aug N ov Mar Sept i $ FLOUR: Wheat, standard patents, at Minneapolis. [Price per barrel of 196 pounds, in wood, f. o. b. at Minneapolis, in each week; quotations from the Northwestern Miller.] Jan... $4.35-$4.60 A p r... $4.40- $4.65 Ju ly... $ Oct... $5.45-$ Feb M a y V ir i Nov M oi June Sept Dec ! i i. $5.0962

61 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 61 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. FRUIT: Apples, evaporated, choice. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.l Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb.,. Mar.... $0.09J-$0.09i.09$-.09 } * Apr M ay... *0.10i- 0.10? $ $ July... A ug... Sept... * $.10$ $-.101 Nov... < $ $.0»J-.06$. * FRUIT: Apples, fresh, Baldwin, No. 1. [Price per barrel, at Chicago, on Tuesday of cach week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... * Apr * July... 0) O ct... * (i) (v (1) Feb May A ug... flj ill ) (v Mar Sept... (i) ) (i) (ii <*) <>) ( * FRUIT: Bananas, Jamaica, 8s. [Price per bunch, at New York, ex dock f. o. b., oil the first of each month; quotations from tho New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb.... Mar. * * July... Aug... Sept * Oct... * * FRUIT: Currants, uncleaned, in barrels. [Pr ce per pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jon... Fob... Mar... $ J-.06$ $ Apr May... *0.06}-*0.06$.06*-.06$ $ July... Aug... Sept... * $ $ O ct.... *0.07 -SO.07$.06}-.06$ $. * >No quotation.

62 62 BULLETIN OF THE BUKEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued, FRUIT: Lemons, California, extra choice. [Price per box, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... S3.00-S3.25 Apr S3.25-S3.50 July... S4.25-S4.50 S3.75-S Feb M ay A ug Mar S ep t $ FRUIT: Oranges, California (Valencias from second week in June through November; navels, extra choice, during remainder of year). [Price per box, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... S2.50-S2.75 Apr $ July... S2.50-S3.00 Oct. S2.75-S Feb May A ug Mar S ep t $ FRUIT: Prunes, California, 60s to 70s, in 25-pound boxes. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb. Mar... 1S0.08f-S % *-.08f Apr M ay... SO. 10 -SO } July... A ug... Sept... S0.09H Oct... Nov... $ *-.07f.07*-.07$ FRUIT: Raisins, California, London layer. [Price per box of 20 pounds net, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb... Mar... SI SI Apr M ay S0 July... A ug... Sept... S1.75-S Oct i In 50-pouml boxes.

63 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1800 TO 1914, 63 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. GLUCOSE: 42 mixing. (Price per 100 pounds, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $2.01 Apr $2.06 July $2.16 $2.36 Feb 2.01 May 1.96 A ug Mar Sept Dec $2.1G00 LARD: Prime, contract. [Price per pound, at New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the statistician of the New York Produce Exc)iange.] Jan... $ Apr $ $ July... $ $ S , , , ,.1080 Feb M ay A ug , , Mar Sept , , $ MEAL: Corn, line white. [Price per 100 pounds, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr---- M ay... $1.45-$l July... Aug S ep t... $ $1.80-$ $ MEAL: Corn, fine yellow. [Price per 100 pounds, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $1.45-$l July... Aug... Sept... $ Oct.. $1.80-$ $1.5708

64 64 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. MEAT: Bacon, short clear sides, smoked, loose. [Price per pound, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan. Feb. Mar S0.12H0.12i , i.12 t-.12*. 12 r :. 12; ' Apr M ay... June.. July.. Aug... S ept.. $0.13J SC1.14 A S f-.1% 113ft- 13*. 13 -! $-.12 Dec : 8 t MEAT: Bacon, rough sides (short rib), smoked, loose. [Price per pound, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... Feb... Mar... Apr M ay... SO. 12^ $.12f i ?-.12* J-. 12$.12$ J * July... Aug Sept... SO. 13 -SO ;. 13$.13} V loi $ ! * { O ct.. Nov.. Dec... SO. 13f-$ $ $-. 13J J &Z 2-.12$. 1 Ilf I lf * !. SO MEAT: Beef, fresh carcass, good native steers. [Priceper pound, at Chicago, on Friday of each week; quotations from the National Provisioner.] Jan. Feb. S0.12$-S0.12f ; $ $- A p r... May.. July.. Aug.. S0.13}-S O ct.. Nov.. 4$-$0. ] M ar... June. S ep t... Dec... 13i, SO. 1364

65 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 65 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. MEAT: Beef, fresh, native sides. [Price per pound, at New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Daily Tribune.l Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan. Feb. Mar. * i :li , * $ * 13} Apr M ay... $0.11H 0-13].ll -.13] * July. A ug J-I0.14] Oct. Nov, Dec. $0.12 -$0.15* * * *-.15* * *-.15*.11* *-.15 * $ MEAT: Beef, salt, extra mess. [ weekly barrel of 200 pounds, at New York; quotations furnished by the statistician of the 3 New York eproduce r Exchange.] Jan... $17.00-$ Apr $17.00-$ July... $17.00-$ Oct $23.00-$ Feb May A ug ? Mar Sept $ MEAT: Hams, smoked, loose. [Price per pound, at Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan. Feb. Mar. $0, ! * *.16.15*-.16 Apr M ay... June.. July A ug... S ep t... $0.17 -$0.17* * J-.19* [ ? [ r.18* *-.19 Oct... $0, } } <*.16.16f-.16* *t $ Bull No quotation.

66 6 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e L WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. MEAT: Lamb, dressed, round. [Price per pound, at Chicago, on Friday of each week; quotations from the National Provisioned] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.14* Apr SO. 14* July... SO. 17 Oct., SO $.14*.17.13*. 14*.14* Feb May * A ug....17*.17 Nov....15* * * Mar....13*.18 S ep t... 13*.15* *.13.13* SO MEAT: Mutton, dressed. [Price per pound, at New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Daily Tribune.] Jan... SO. 08}-$0. 11 Apr SO. 09*40. 12* July... SO. 08 -SO. 12 SO. 08 -S ,} * * Feb * M ay Aug *.OSJ }.085- < V ,12* Mar * Sept Dec * *-. 11*.08 -, * *.08*-. 1U * n i * 08* *-.11. SO MEAT: Pork, salt, mess, old to new. [Price per barrel of 200 pounds, at New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the statistician of the New York Produce Exchange.] Jan... $23.25-S23.75 A p r... $ ; July... $22.50-$23.00 $ Feb M ay A ug Mar S ept d- 22. / o $

67 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 67 T a b l e X. WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. MEAT: Poultry, dressed fowls. Iced. [Price per pound at Chicago on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. * Prico. Jan... *0.13$-S0.14 Apr SO. 17 -SO. 17$ July... SO.16 Oct... SO. 14 -SO $ ,17$ $ $ $ , Feb....14$-.15 M ay A ug....16$ $,17$ sai5$ $.16 $-! $.16$.15$ Mar $.14$ Sept $ ;,15$ $.15$ $ $.16,15$ $ $-.12. SO MEAT: Poultry, fresh-killed dressed fowls, western, dry packed, dry picked, 48 to 55 pounds to the dozen. [Price per pound, at New York, on Friday of each week; quotations from the National Provisioner.] Jan... SO. 17 Apr---- SO. 18V-S0.19 July SO. 18$ Oct... SO. 19$ } SO. 18$ $ $ $ $.19"-.19$.19 Feb....17*.17$ M ay A ug $ $ $.17.18$ $.18$ Mar $ S ep t....19$ $.18.19$.16$ $.18.18$.19$.16. SO MEAT: Veal, city dressod, good to prime. [Price per pound, at New York, on Friday of each week; quotations from the National Provisioner.] Jan... SO. 19 Apr SO. 18 J u ly... SO. 17$ Oct... SO SO $ $ $ Feb.19 M a y A u g $.17$ $ $ Mar S ept....19$ * $ S9.1848

68 6 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. MILK: Fresh, at Chicago (vicinity). [Price per quart each month; net at shipping station, computed from the ft-gallon can, delivered on the Chicago platform with the freight of 10$ cents per can prepaid; quotations from the Milk News*] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar Apr M ay J u ly... A u g... Sept... $ N ov Dec... $ $ MILK: Fresh, at New York (vicinity). [Price per quart each month: net at shipping stations subject to freight rate of 2G cents per can of 40 quarts; computed from quotations from the Milk Reporter.] Jan..... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M a y... $ J u ly... A ug... Sept... $ N ov $ $ MILK: Fresh, at San Francisco (vicinity). [Price per quart each month; net at farmers shipping station; quotations furnished by the Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of Agriculture.] Jan... Fob... Mar.... $ Apr M a y... $ Ju ly... A ug... Sept... $ Oct... Nov $ $ MOLASSES: New Orleans, open kettle. [Price per gallon, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ Apr M ay... $0.35-$ Ju ly..... $ A u g Sept $ $ OLEOMARGARINE: Standard quality, uncolored, in 1-pound cartons. [Price per pound, f. o. b. at Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.18 Apr $0.17 Ju ly... $0.17 Oct... $0.18 Feb M a y A ug N ov.18 Mar Sept $ OLEO OIL: Extra. [Price per pound, at Chicago, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the National Provisioner.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ $-.09 A p r... M a y... Ju ne... $0.09 J $ Ju ly... A u g... S ep t... $0.09« $-.09# $ Oct... Nov Dec... $0.12$-$ $-.13$ $. $0.1087

69 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 69 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. OLIVE OIL: French, bulk. [Vricc per gallon, at New York, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb.. Mar $ Apr M a y... * J u ly... A ug... Septt.. $1.55-$ Oct $ $ OLIVE OIL: Italian. [Price per gallon, at New York, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.) Jan... Feb Mar Apr M ay... $ J u ly... A u g... Sept... $ Oct. Dec... $ $ RICE: Domestic, choice, head. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.) Jan... Feb... Mar... $0.05f-$ * Apr M a y...».a * 8 f.05f-.05 Ju ly... A ug... S ept... $0.05f-$ * Oct... Nov Dec... $ } *. $ SALT: American, medium. [Price per barrel of 280 pounds, at Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.02 Apr $1.02 Ju ly... $1.02 $1.02 Feb M a y A ug Nov 1.02 Mar Sept $ SODA: Bicarbonate of, American. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.01 Apr $0.01 Ju ly... $0.01 $0.01 Feb M a y A ug Mar Sept $ SPICES: Pepper, black, Singapore. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ l l i.h i-.i l f.ll -.11* Apr M a y... $0.11*40.11*! l l - ill* J u ly... A ug... Sept... $ *.11*-.ll * N o v... Dec... $0.12*-$ l l j. I l f.12. $0.1164

70 70 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. STARCH: Corn, for culinary purposes, 48 1-pound packages in box. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Mouth. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.06 Apr $0.06 Ju ly... $0.06 S0.0M Feb.06 M ay Mar se p l-: :.06} Deo....06*. $ SUGAR: 96 centrifugal. [Net pound, at New York, on Thursday of each week, including import duty of cents, January and February, and cents from March to December, inclusive, per pound; quotations from Willett <fc Gray's Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal.] Jan... $ A p r... $ Ju ly... $ Oct... $ Feb M ay A ug N ov Mar Sept $ SUGAR: Granulated, In barrels. [Net pound, f. o. b. at New York, on Thursday of each week, including import, duty of 1.90 cents per pound; quotations from Willett & Gray's Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal.] Jan... $ Apr $ Ju ly... $ Oct $ !) Feb M ay A ug ^ Mar S ep t $ TALLOW: Packers? prime. (Price per pound, at Chicago, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the National Provisioned] Jan... Feb... Mar... $0.07-$0.07* * * Apr M ay... $0.06J-$0.07 l06 -!06f Ju ly... A ug... Sept... $0.06J-$0.061 : 8 I Nov... Dec... $0.0G -$ OSf-.06. $0.0687

71 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 71 T a b l b L WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Continued. TEA: Formosa, fine. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar... SO Apr M a y... SO J u ly... A ug... Sept... S0.24-S O ct... Dec... S0.24-S SO VEGETABLES, FRESH: Cabbage white (range of domestic-grown cabbage from native and Danish seed). [Price per ton (2,000 pounds), at New York, on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Producers Price Current.] Jan... S25.00-S Feb Mar Apr S25.00-S (i) (i) J u ly... P M a y... I1) A ug... 0) $10.00 $ Sept Oct... S10.00-S N ov 'oo^i $ VEGETABLES, FRESH: Onions. [Price per 65 to 70 pound sack, at Chicago, on the first of each month; quotations from the Chicago Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $1.40 $ Apr M a y... $1.50-SI Ju ly... Aug... Sept... $2.00 SI < O ct... $ $ VEGETABLES, FRESH: Potatoes, white, good to choice. [Price per bushel, at Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... $0.65-$0.72 Apr $ Ju ly... $1.40-SI. 60 SO. 43-S , ,48 Feb M ay A ug Nov , ,52 Mar S ep t , , > ,, No quotation.. $0.6928

72 72 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FOOD, ETC. Concluded. VINEGAR: Cider, 40-grain, in 45-gallon barrels. [Price per gallon, at New York, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.15 Apr $0.18 J u ly... $0.18 O ct.... $0.18 Feb.16 M a y A ug Mar Sept Dec i. $ CLOTHS AND CLOTHING. BAGS: Cotton, 2-bushel, Amoskeag, 16-ounce. [Price per bag on the first of each ] Jan... $0,205 Apr $0,205 Ju ly... $0,205 Oct., $0,205 Feb M ay A ug Mar S ep t $ BLANKETS: All-wool, 11-4, 5 pounds to the pair. [Price per pound on the first of each ] Jan... $1.00 Apr $1.00 Ju ly... $1.00 $1.05 Feb M a y Aug Mar S ep t Dec $ BLANKETS: Cotton, colored, 2 pounds to the pair, 54 by 74 inches. [Price per pair on the first of each ] Jan... $0.64 Apr $0.64 J u ly... $0.64 Oct... $0.64 Feb M ay A ug Nov.64 Mar Sept $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Children s gun metal, button, low heel, sizes 9 to 11}. [Price per pair on the first of each ] Jan... $0,873 Apr $0,873 Ju ly... $0,873 $0,873 F3b.873 M&y A ug Mar S ep t $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Little boys* gun metal, blucher, sizes 8 to 13}. [Price per pair on the first of each ] Jan... $0.97 Apr $0.97 Ju ly... $0.97 Oct... $0.97 Feb M ay Aug Mar Sept Dec $0.9700

73 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 73 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING-Continued. BOOTS AND SHOES: Men s split seamless Creedmores, ^-double sole, standard screw or pegged. [Prico per pair to the jobber on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. i Month. Price. Jan... $1.128 A p r... $1.128 ; Ju ly... *1.12S! Oct... $1.175 Feb M ay i Aug Mar j Sept 1.175! Dec I BOOTS AND SHOES: Men*s vici calf, blucher, vicl calf top, single sole. [Price per pair on the first of cach ] ;. SI Jan... S3.15 Apr S3.15 j!i T, ij Ju ly... S3.15 j Oct... S3.20 Feb M ay ! Aug Nov Mar June j Sept j Dec i. S i BOOTS AND SHOES: Men s gun metal, Goodyear welt, blucher, mat cab. top, cap toe, -double sole, 1}-Inch heel. [Price per pair on the first of cach ] Jan... Feb S Apr M ay... S Ju ly... A ug... S O ct... $ } Mar S ep t $ D ec: 2.25 Averago. I $ i BOOTS AND SHOES: Men's gun metal, Goodyear welt, button, mat calf top, cap toe, g-douole sole, 11-inch heel. [Price per pair on the first of each ] Jan... Fob... Mar... $2.67* 2.67* 2.70 Apr M a y... S2.72& 2.72} 2.75 : Ju ly... A ug... i Sept... $2.77* } $ } $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Men s vici kid, Goodyear welt. [Price per pair to the jobber on the first of each ] Jqn... $2.90 Apr $2.90 Ju ly... $3.00 Oct... $3.00 Feb M ay A ug Mar Sept Dec $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Misses vici patent, button, up, low heel, sizes 12 to 24. [Price per pair on the first of each ] Jan... Feb $ Apr M ay... $ Ju ly... Aug... $ $ Mar Sept $1.0185

74 *74 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF 1.ABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. BOOTS AND SHOES: Women's gun metal, Goodyear welt, button, mat cab. top, cap toe, single sole, vamp, lg-inch military heel. [Price per pair on the first of each ] Month. Pri<*. Month. Price. Month. Pricfj. Month. Price. Jan... $2.21 Apr $2.24 i July... $2.26 $2.35 Fob M&y A ug J 2.35 Mar Juno ; S»»pt $ BCtoTS AND SHOES: Women s patent leather pumps, McKay sewed, plain toe, single sole, f vamp, 2-inch Cuban heel. [Price per pair on the first of each ] Jan... Feb $ Apr M ay... $ Mar July... $1.46 $1.50 Aug S ept Dec $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Women's gun metal, McKay sewed, button, mat cab. top, cap toe, J-double, medium sole, l*-lnch military heel. [Price per pair on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May * July... i Aug... : Sopt... $1, Oct... Nov... $1, i!. $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Youths' box calf, blucher, sizes 1 to 2. [I*rice per pair on the first of each ] Jan... $1,261 Apr $1,261! July... $1,261 Oct... $1,261 Feb M ay j A u g Nov Mar j S ep t Dec ! i. BROADCLOTH: First quality black, 54-inch, made from XXX wool, 16 ounces to the yard. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] $ Jan... $2.02 Apr---- $2.02 July... $2.02 O ct... $2.02 Feb 2.02 May 2.02 A ug Mar S ep t $ CALICO: American standard prints, (28-inch, 64 by 64, 7 yards to the pound, in the gray). [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ July... A ug... S ep t... $ Nov... $ $3.0493

75 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 75 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. CARPETS: Axminster, Lowell, 3-4. {Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month =7 Pricc. Jan Apr $1,056 July... $1,056 O ct... $1,056 Feb M ay Aug... 1.C56 Nov,, Mar S ep t Dec i CARPETS: Brussels, 5-frame, Bigelow. [Price per linear yard on liie first of each month, j Jan... $1,272 Apr $1,272 July... $1,272 $1,272 Feb M ay Aug Mar Sept Dec f CARPETS: Wilton, 5-frame, Bigelow. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $2,328 Apr $2,328 July... $2,328 Oct... $2,328 Feb May A ug Mar S ep t Dec $ COTTON FLANNELS: Colored, 26}-inch, 2 2 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] 1 Jan... $0.10} Apr $0.10} July... $0,101 j $0.10 Feb M ay....10} A ug Mar } S ep t Deo $ i1 COTTON FLANNELS: Unbleached, 31J-inch, 3$ yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0,075 Apr $0.07 July... $0,071 O ct... $0,071 Fob....07! M ay....07j Aug A Mar $ Sept....07j.07}. $ COTTON THREAD: 6-cord, 200-yard spools, J. & P. Coats. [Price per spool, freight paid, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May $ July A ug... S ep t... $ Oct.. Dec... $ $0.0375

76 76 BULLETIN OF THE BTJBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. COTTON YARNS: Carded, white, mule-spun, northern, cones, 10/1. [Price per pound on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.22 Apr $0.22 July... $0.21} Oct... $0.17 Feb 21} M ay A ug } Mar... 21J.21 Sept $ COTTON YARNS: Carded, white, mule-spun, northern, cones, 22/1. [Price per pound on the first of each ] Jan. Feb. Mar. $0.24 Apr $0.21 July... $ M ay A ug Sept $ *.18. $ DENIMS: Amoskeag, 28-inch, 2.20 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.14 Apr $0.14 July... $0.14 Feb... M a r..,., M ay A ug... Sept $ $ DRILLINGS: Brown, Pepperell, 29-inch, 2.85 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.08 Apr $0.08 July... $0.08 $0.08 Feb M ay A u g * Mar Sept $0, $ DRILLINGS: 30-inch, Massachusetts D standard, 2.85 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $0.08}.08).08$ Apr M ay... $ July... A ug... Sept... $ } Oct.. $ }.06}. $ FLANNELS: All-wool, white, 4-4, Ballard Vale, No. 3. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ July... A ug... Sept... SO $ $0.4547

77 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 77 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. GINGHAMS: Amoskeag, 27-inch, 6.37 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard oil the first or each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. ; Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar Apr M ay July... A ug... Sept... SO $ GINGHAMS: Lancaster, 26}-inch, 6.50 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.06} Apr $0.06 July... $0.06 $0.05Z F e b.:....06} M ay.:...06 A ug....05?.051 Mar Sept... 05J 05j. $ HORSE BLANKETS: All wool, 6 pounds each. [Price per pound on the first of each ] Jan... $0.70 Apr $0.70 July... $0.70 $0.75 Feb M ay A ug Mar Sept $ HOSIERY: Men*s cotton half hose, seamless, fast black, 20 to 22 ounce, 160 needles, single thread, carded yarn.. [Price per dozen pairs on the first of each ] Jan... $0.85 Apr $0.85 July... $0.85 $0.85 Feb M ay Aug Mar Sept M $ HOSIERY: Women's cotton hose, full fashioned, high-spliced heel, double sole, 2-pounds, combed peeler yarn. [Price per dozen pairs on the first of each ] Jan... $1.85 Apr $1.85 July... $1.85 $1.85 Feb M ay A ug Mar Juno Sept $ HOSIERY: Womfen s cotton hose, seamless, 26-ounce, 176 needles, single thread, carded yarn. [Price per dozen pairs on the first of each ] Jan... $0.85 Apr $0.85 July... $0.85 $0.85 Feb M ay A ug N o v.82} Mar Sept }. $0.8458

78 78 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. LEATHER: Chrome calf, dull or bright finish, B grade (range of s). ( Price per square foot, in general market, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May $0.28-$0.31J July... Aug... Sept $ ) Oct.... 0) (') <l> $0.28)1) LEATHER: Harness, oak, 17 pounds and up. No. 1. [Price per pound, in general market, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reportor.] Jan... Feb., Mar... $ Apr M ay... $0.39-$ J u ly...! A ug... j S ept... i! $ Oct... Dec.... S!> 0 ) 0 ) $0.30r0 LEATHER: Sole, hemlock, middles, No. 1. (Price per pound, in general market, on the first Wednesday of each mouth; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.! Jan... Fob Mar... $ Apr M ay... 1i i $0.30-$ July... Au? Sept... $ ) Oct... Nov ) 8 $ LEATHER: Sole, oak, scoured backs, heavy No. 1. [Price per pound, in general market, on the first Wednesday of each month, quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Jan... $ Apr S I July... $ $ Oct.. 0 ) Feb.-16 M ay ! Aug ( * ) Mar... $ Sept... 0 ) Dec... 0 )!ii ii. $ LINEN SHOE THREAD: 10s, Barbour. [Price per pound on the first of each ] Jan... S Apr $ j July... $ $ Feb M ay ! A il" Ma-* i Sept ! OVERCOATINGS: Covert cloth, all wool, double and twist, 14-ounce. [Price per linear yard on the first of each l. $ Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M a y... $ Ju ly... A u g... Sept... $ Oct... Dec... $ $1.8188» No quotation.

79 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 79 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. OVERCOATINGS: Kersey* wool-dyed, 28-ounce, 56-inch. [ Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. ; Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Fob Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ Ju ly... Aug S ep t... $ Oct... Nov... $ $ OVERCOATINGS: Soft-faced, black, plain twill, 24-ounce, inch. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $1.26 Apr $1.30* J u ly... $1.30* Oct $1.30* Fob 1.26 M a y * Aug * N o v * Mar } Sept * 1.30* i PERCALE: Scout, 36-inch, 5.35 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ]. $ Jan... SO. 0f Apr $0.06J July... $0,063 Oct... $0.06 Feb....Of} M ay....06? Aug.oe*.0C Mar...oef.062 Sept....Of a.0cj. $ PRINT CLOTHS: 27-inch, 64 by 60, 7.60 yards to the pound. [ weekly linear yard.] Jan... $ Apr---- $ July... $ Oct $0.02C Feb M ay A ug Nov. 02r Mar Sept ! ! $ SHEETINGS: Bleached, 10-4, Pepperell. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb $ Apr M a y... $ J u ly... A ug... $ Oct... $ Mar Sept $0.2533

80 80 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. Table 1. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. SHEETINGS: Bleached, 10-4, Wamsutta S. T. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ) Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar Apr M ay... $ J u ly... A u g... S ep t... SO $ $ SHEETINGS; Brown, 4-4, Indian Head, 2.85 yards to the pound, [Price per linear yard on the first of each ) Jan... $0.08* Apr $0.08} Ju ly... $0.08} $0.07# Feb....08* M a y....08} A u g....08}.078 Mar....08}.08} Sept....08}.os*. $ SHEETINGS: Brown, 4-4, Pepperell R, 3.75 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ) Jan... Feb... $0.07*.07} Apr M a y... $0.07}.07} Ju ly... A ug... $ N o v,,,. $0.06*.05* Mar....07*.07 Sept *. $ SHEETINGS: Brown, 4-4, Ware Shoals L. L., 4 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ) Jan... Feb... Mar... $0.06}.06*.06 Apr M a y... $0.05 o s f Ju ly... A ug... Sept... $0.05 $ *.04?. $ SHIRTINGS: Bleached muslin, 4-4, Fruit of the Loom. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ) Jan... Feb... Mar... $0.09}!09} Apr M a y... $0.09}.09}.09} J u ly... A ug... Sept... Oct... so.o. $ SHIRTINGS: Bleached muslin, 4-4, Lonsdale (new construction), 3.80 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ) Jan... Feb... Mar... S0.08j Apr M ay... $0.08* J u ly... Aug... Sep t... $0.08* Oct... $ }. $0.0848

81 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 81 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. SHIRTINGS: Bleached muslin, 4-4, Rough Rider. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0,083 Apr $0.08$ Ju ly... $0.08* $0.07* Feb M a y....08* Aug.08*.07* Mar....os.08} Sept }. $ SHIRTINGS: Bleached muslin, 4-4, Wamsutta<^ >. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ J u ly... A ug... Sept... $ $ $ SILK: Raw, Italian, classical. [Price per pound, at New York, each month; quotations furnished by the publishers of the American Silk Journal.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M a y... $ J u ly... A ug... Sep t... $ ) $ (*) $ SILK: Raw, Japan, Kansai, No. 1, filatures. [Price per pound, at New York, each month; quotations furnished by the publishers of the American Silk Journal.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M a y... $ J u ly... A ug... S ept... $ Oct... $ $ SUITINGS: Clay worsted, diagonal, 12-ounce, Inch, Washington Mills. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M a y... $ Ju ly... A ug... S ept... $ $ $ SUITINGS: Clay worsted diagonal, 16-ounce, Inch, Washington Mills. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Ma... $ Apr M ay... $ Ju ly... A ug... Sept... $ $ $ Bull i No quotation.

82 82 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES PROM JANUARY TO. DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. SUITINGS: Middlesex, wool-dyed, blue, 15-ounce, inch. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $1, A p r... M ay... $1, July... A ug... Sept... $1, $1, $ SUITINGS: Serge, 11-ounce, inch, Fulton Mills, [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... Aug Sept... $ Oct... $ $ TICKINGS: Amoskeag, A. C. A., 32-inch, 2.05 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb.... Mar... $0, Apr M a y... $ July... Aug... Sept... $0, O ct.... $0, $ TROUSERINGS: Fancy worsted, worsted warp and filling, worsted back, 16J to 17$ ounce, 56-inch. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Fob.... Mar... $ Apr May... $ J u ly... Aug... Sept... $ Oct... $ S $ UNDERWEAR: Cotton, men s shirts and drawers, flat fleece, 12* to 13 pounds per dozen. [Price per dozen garments on the first of each ] Jan... $4.25 A p r... $4.25 July... $4.25 $4.25 Feb May A ug Mar S ep t $ UNDERWEAR: Cotton, women s union suits, ribbed, 12 pounds per dozen. [Price per dozen suits on the first of each ] Jan... $8.25 Apr $8.25 July... $8.25 Oct... $8.25 Feb May A ug Mar S ep t $8.2500

83 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 83 T a b l b I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Continued. UNDERWEAR: Merino, shirts and drawers, natural color, full-fashioned, 50 per cent'wool, 24-gauge. [Price per dozen garments on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $13.50 Apr $13.50 July... $13.50 $13.50 Feb May A u g Mar Sept $ UNDERWEAR: Merino, union suits, natural color, 40 per cent wool, circular, 24-gauge, light weight. [Price per dozen suits on the first of each ] Jan... $9.00 Apr $9.00 July... $9.00 O ct... $9.00 Feb M a y A ug Mar S ep t $ WOMEN'S DRESS GOODS: All wool, cashmere, 8-9 twill, 35-inch, Atlantic Mills, [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July A ug... Sept... $ $ $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: All wool, storm serge, double warp, 50-Inch. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... Sept... $ Oct... $ $ WOMEN'S DRESS GOODS: Cotton warp, cashmere, 9-twill, 4-4, Atlantic Mills F. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... F e b... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... S ep t... $ Oct... $ $ WOMEN'S DRESS GOODS: Cotton warp, cashmere, 36-inch, Hamilton. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... Sept... $ Oct... $ $0.1S62

84 84 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e I. - 'WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Concluded. WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: Cotton warp, poplar cloth, worsted filling, 36-inch. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar Apr May... $ July... A ug... Sept... $0.19!.19 i 1 9 i O ct $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: Cotton warp, Sicilian cloth, 50-inch. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... F eb... Mar Apr May... $ July... Aug... Sept $ O ct... Nov... $ $ WOOL: Ohio, fine fleece (X and XX grades), scoured. [Price per pound, in eastern markets, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July...! $ Aug---- i Sept! i Dec... $ $0.5789!! WOOL: Ohio, medium fleece (one-fourth and three-eighths grades), scoured. [Price per pound, in eastern markets, on the first of each ] Tan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... Tune... $ i Tuly... A ug... Sept... $ i; O ct, I! Nov.., ji D e c... $ :. i! $ WORSTED YARNS: 2-40s, Australian fine. [Price per pound on the first of each ] Tan... $0.97* Apr $1,021 July... $ $1.05 Feb.97* May A ug ! Nov Mar Tune * Sept ; Dec $ i WORSTED YARNS: 2-32s, crossbred stock. [Price per pound on the first of each ] Tan... $0.64 Apr $0.64 July... 1 $0.65 Oct... $0.63 Feb May Aug Mar Sept $0.6400

85 WHOLESALE PBIOES, 1890 TO 85 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FUEL AND LIGHTING. ALCOHOL: Denatured, 180 proof. [Price per gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... F eb... Mar.... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... Sept... $ Oct... $ $ CANDLES: Adamantine, 6s, 14-ounce. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0,071 Apr $0.07} July... $0.07} Oct... $0.07} Feb M ay A ug } Mar Sept....07}.07}. $ COAL: Anthracite, broken. [ monthly selling ton of 2,240 pounds, at tidewater, New York Harbor.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May $ July... Aug Sept... $ O ct.... $ $ COAL: Anthracite, chestnut.. [ monthly selling ton of 2,240 pounds, at tidewater, New York Harbor.] J a n... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May $ July... A ug... Sept... $ $ $ COAL: Anthracite, egg. [ monthly selling ton of 2,240 pounds, at tidewater, New York Harbor.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ July A ug... Sept... $ $ $ COAL: Anthracite, stove. [ monthly selling ton of 2,240 pounds, at tidewater, New York Harbor.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ i Ju ly... A ug... S ep t... $ $ $5.0607

86 8 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FUEL AND LIGHTING Continued. COAL: Bituminous, Pittsburgh, run of mine. [Price per ton of 2,000 pounds, f. o. b. car? at Cincinnati, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Prioe. Jan... $2.20 Apr $2.20 Ju ly... $2.20 $2.20 Feb 2.20 M a y A ug Mar Sept $ COAL: Semibituminous, New River. (Price per ton of 2,000 pounds, t o. b. cars at Cincinnati, on the first of each ] Jan... $2.35 Apr $2.35 July... $2.35 $2.50 Feb M ay A ug Mar S ep t $ COAL: Semibituminous, Pocahontas. [Price per ton of 2,240 pounds, f. o. b. at Norfolk, Va., on the first of each ] Jan... $3.00 A p r... $3.00 Ju ly... $3.00 O ct... $3.00 Feb 3.00 M a y A ug Mar Sopt $ COKE: Conneilsviile, furnace. [Price per ton of 2,000 pounds, f. o. b. at the ovens, on the first Wednesday of cach month; range of spot shipments and half-year delivery; quotations from the Iron Age.] $1.85-$ & Apr M a y... $ July... A ug... S ep t... $1.75-$ $1.60-$ $ GASOLINE (Naphtha): Auto. [Price per gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; range of s in steel and wood barrels; quotation* from the Oil, Paint and Dnig Reporter.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ Apr M a y... $ J u ly... A ug... S ep t... i! 1 $0.14-$ $0.13-$ * $ MATCHES: Globe, No. 1, in cases. [Price per case of 144 boxes, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.95 Apr $0.95 July... $0.95 $0.95 Feb M ay A u g Mar Sep t $0.9500

87 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 87 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES PROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. FUEL AND LIGHTING -Concluded. PETROLEUM: Crude. [Price per barrel of 42 gallons, at the wells, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil City Derrick. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb M ar... $ A pr...' M ay... $ July A ug... S ep t.., $ Oct.... $ $ PETROLEUM: Refined, for export, in barrels, cargo lots, S. W. 110 fire test. [Price per gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... S ept... $ Oct... $ 'J $ PETROLEUM: Refined 150 fire test, water-white,in barrels (Jobbing lots). [Price per gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.12 Apr $0.12 July $0.12 Oct... $0.12 Feb May Aug Mar Sept $ METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS. AUGERS: Regular, 1-inch. [Price per auger, at New York, on the first of each.] Jan $0.23 Apr $0.23 July... $0.23 Oct..,, $0.23 Feb May.23 A u g Mar Sept $ AXES: Essex, pattern handled. [Price per dozen, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $10.80 Apr $10.80 July... $10.80 Oct $10.80 Feb May A u g Mar Sep t $ BAR IRON: Best refined. [ monthly pound, at Philadelphia; quotations furnished by Bureau of Statistics of the American Iron and Steel Institute.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ July... A u g... S ep t... $ Oct... $ $0.0160

88 8 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS Continued. BAR IRON: Common, from mill. [Price per pound, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on the first Wednesday of each month: quotations from the Iron Age.J Month. Price. Month. Price. j Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar $ Apr May... $ July i A ug Sept Oct Dec... $ $ BUTTS: Loose pin, wrought steel, 3* by 3* inches. [Pricc per dozen pairs, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.72 I Apr $0.72 July... $0.72 I Oct... $0.72 Feb.72 i May A ug....72! Nov,.72 Mar i.72 Sept i Dec CHISELS: Regular, socket firmer, 1-inch. [Price per chisel, at New York, on the first of each ]. i $ Jan... $0.20 Apr $0.20 July... $0.20 Oct.. $0.20 Feb May.20 A ug Mar S ept Dec j. $ COPPER: Ingot, electrolytic. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Iron Age.) Jan... Feb Mar... $ Apr May... $ j July... 1 A u g... S ep t... $ i Oct... $ i,. $ COPPER: Sheet, hot-rolled (base sizes). [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each ) Jan... $0.20J Apr $0.19} July... $0.19 Oct.... $0.17 Feb.20 M ay....19} A ug....18* Nov....16* Mar } Sept....17* Dec :. $ COPPER: Wire, bare, No. 8, B. & S. gauge and heavier (base sizes). [Price per pound, f. o. b. at Ansonia, Conn., on the first of each ) Jan... $0.16 Apr $0.15* July... $0.14} O ct... $0.13 Feb....15* M ay....15* A ug....14* i 12* Mar....15*. 151 Sept....13*.14. $0.1465

89 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 8 9 T a b le I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS Continued. DOOR KNOBS: Steel, bronze-plated. [Pricc per pair, at New York, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... *0.27 Apr *0.27 July... *0.27 Oct... *0.27 Feb M ay A u g Mar Sep t * FILES: 8-inch mill, bastard, Nicholson. [Price per dozen on the first of each ] Jan... *0.918 Apr *0.918 July... *0.916 O ct... *0.914 Feb May A u g Mar Sept * HAMMERS: Maydole, No. 1}. [Pricc per dozen, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... *5.28 Apr *5.28 July... *5.28 Oct... *5.28 Feb M ay A ug Mar S ep t Doc * IRON ORE: Mesabi Bessemer, 55 per cent. [ Trice per Ion of 2,240 pounds, at lower Lake ports, on the first Tuesday of each month; quotations from tho Iron Trade Review. ] i Jan... *4.15 Apr *4.15 July... *3.50 Oct *3.50 Feb 4.15 May A ug Mar Sept Dec * LEAD: Pig, desilverized. [ Price per pound, at New York, on the first Wednesday of eish month; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... Feb M a r * i Apr May... * I: July... J *0.0390! Oct Aug ; Nov Sept...!.0388 j Dec... * i;. * i LEAD PIPE. [Trice per 100 pounds, f. o. 1). at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb * Apr May... * July... Aug....1 * Oct * Mar Sept *4.5225

90 90 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a 6 lb L WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS Continued. LOCKS: Common mortise, knob lock, 3 -inch. [Price per lock, at Now York, on the first of each ] Month. Price. j Month. Price. Month. Price.! Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar j Apr! M ay...! $ July... A ug... Sept... $ \ Nov.. : Dec.. $ i. $ NAILS: Cut, 8-penny, fence and common. [Price per 100-pound keg, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on or near the first of each month; 2 per cent off for cash in 10 days; quotations computed from base s published in the Hardware Age.] Jan... Feb.. Mar... i; I 1 $1.65 I A p r...! $1.75 July... $1.70-$l. 75 Oct 1.75 May j $ ! A ug Nov ; S ep t Dec... ;! s! i i. 1 NAILS: Wire, 8-penny, fence and common. $1.70-$l $ (Price per 100-pound keg, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on or near the first of each month; 2 per cent off for cash in 10 days; quotations computed from base s published in the Hardware Age.] Jan... $1.65 Apr $1.70 i July... $ Oct,. $1.70 Feb May i A ut? Nov Mar $ j Sept G5 i I PIG IRON: Basic.. $ [ monthly ton of 2/240 pounds, f. o. b. at Mahoning or Shenango Valley furnace; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $12.50 A p r...! July... $13.00 Oct $12.81 Feb Aug ; Nov Mar ! Sept ! i. $ !i i PIG IRON: Bessemer. [ monthly ton of 2,240 pounds, at Pittsburgh: quotations from the Iron Age.] $ J $ i Nov.. $ i i I. $ PIG IRON: ftoundry No. 2, northern. { monthly ton of 2,240 pounds, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh; quotations computed by adding freight to at the valley furnace as published in the Iron Age.] Jan... $13.75 Apr $14.15 July... $13.90 Oct $13.80 Feb M ay Aug Nov., Mar, Sept Dec $

91 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 91 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO! DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS Continued. PIG IRON: Foundry No. 2, southern. [ monthly ton of 2,240 pounds, f. o. b. at Cincinnati; quotations from the Iran Age.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $13.85 Apr $13.80 July... $13.30 $12.90 Fob 13. SI May A ug Mar Sep t $ PIPE: Cast-iron. [ monthly ton of 2,000 pounds, f. o. b. at New York; quotations from the Iron Age.) Jan... $22.00 Apr $22.00 July... $20.50 Oct $20.00 Feb May Aug Nov Mar S ep t PLANES: Sargent 414, jack-planes. [Price per plane, at New York, on the first of each ). i $ Jan... $1.50 Apr $1.50 July... $1.50 Oct... $1.50 Feb May 1.50 Aug Mar Sept i QUICKSILVER: Jobbing lots.. $ (Price per pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.55 Apr $0.55 July... $0.52 $1.05 Feb May A ug Mar Sep t :. $ SAWS: Cross-cut, Disston, No. 2, 6-foot, Champion tooth. [Price per saw to small jobbers, f. o. b. at Philadelphia, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb.. Mar... $ Apr MTay... $ July... A ug... Sept... $ Oct $ j. $ SAWS: Hand, Disston, No. 8, 26-inch, skewback. [Price per dozen to small jobbers, f. o. b. at Philadelphia, on the first of each ) Jan... F eb... Mar. $ Apr MTay... $ July... Aug... Sept... $ O ct... $ $

92 92 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS Continued. SHOVELS: Ames, No. 2, cast-steel, long-handle, round-potnt, back-strap, black. [Price per dozen on the first of each ) Month. Price. Month.! Price. i Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $7.85 Apr $7.85 j July... $7.85 Oct... $7.85 Feb May j A ug Nov Mar j Sept i. $ SILVER: Bar, fine. [ monthly ounce, at New York; quotations furnished by the Director of the Mint.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ A p r... M ay... $ July... Aug... Sept... $ (1).5457 Oct. Nov... $ $ STEEL BILLETS. [ monthly ton of 2,240 pounds, at Pittsburgh; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $20.13 Apr $20.80 : July... $19.00 Oct $20.00 Feb May ! Aug Mar j Sept Dec $ STEEL PLATES: Tank, 1-inch thick, 61-inch up to 100-Inch wide. IPrice per pound, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Iron Age. J Jan... $ Feb $ Mar Apr $ $ i :$ $ May j Aug Sept Oct Dec... $ $ STEEL RAILS: Bessemer, standard. [Price per pound, at Pittsburgh, on the first Tuesday of each month; quotations from the Iron Trade Review.] Jan... Feb... Mar.. $ Apr May... $ ! Ju ly-.. Aug... j Sept... $ Nov Dec... $ $ STEEL RAILS: Open-hearth, standard. [Price per pound, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on the first Tuesday of cach month; quotations from the Iron Trade Review.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ July... A ug... Sept... $ Oct... i Nov... $ j;. 1 $ >No quotation.

93 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 93 T a b l e L ~ WHOLESALE PBICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS Continued. STEEL SHEETS: Black, No. 27, box annealed, cold-rolled, United States standard. [Price per pound, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Iron Age.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $ Apr SO May July... S S Aug Sept SO SO STEEL; Structural. [ monthly base pound, at Chicago; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... Feb Mar... SO Apr M ay... SO July... A u g... Sept... SO Nov... SO SO U N : Pig. [I ricc per pound, at New York, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $ Apr $ July... $ Feb... Mar May A ug... Sept > TIN PLATE: Domestic, coke, 14 by 20 Inches. [Price per 100-pound box, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on or near the first of each month; quotations from the Hardware Age.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ $ Apr May $ July $ A ug Sept $ $ TROWELS: Johnson s, brick, 10 -lnch. [Price per dozen, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $4.50 Apr $4.50 July... $4.50 Oct... $4.50 Feb M ay A ug Mar Sept $ VISES: Solid box, 50-pound. [Price per vise, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $3.75 Apr $3.75 July... $3.56 O ct... $3.56 Feb May A ug Mai* Sept $3.6550

94 94 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES PROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Concluded. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS Concluded. WIRE, FENCE: Barbed, galvanized. [Price per 100 pounds, f. o. b. at Chicago, on or near the first of each month; quotations from the Hardware Age.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Tan... Feb... Mar Apr M ay... $ July... A u g... Sept... $ $ $ WIRE, FENCE: Plain, annealed. Nos. 0 to 9. [Prico per 100 pounds, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on the first Wednesday of each month; 2 per cent off for cash in 10 days; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... Feb. Mar... $ Apr May... $ $ July... A ug... Sept... $ Oct $ Avorage. $ WOOD SCREWS: 1-inch, No. 10, flathead. [Prico per gross, at New York, on the first of each ) Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... Aug---- Sept... $ Oct... $ $ ZINC: Sheet, ordinary numbers and sizes, packed in 600-pound casks. [Price per 100 pounds, f. o. b. at La Salle, 111., on the first of each ) Jan... $6.90 Apr---- $6.44 Ju ly... $6.44 $7.83 Feb 6.67 M ay A ug Mar Sept $ i ZINC: Pig (spelter), western. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations f-om the Iron Age.) Jan... Feb Mar... $ $ Apr M ay... $0.0527*.0500 $ July... $ A ug S ep t... $ $ $ or>io $ LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS. BRICK: Common, run of kiln, salmon. [ monthly 1,000, f. o. b. at kiln, near Chicago.) Jan... Feb... Mar... $4, (>) Apr M a y... SI $4.886 J u ly... A ug... Sept... $4, Dec... $4, $ No quotation.

95 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 95 Table I. WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES PROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 19X4 Continued. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS Continued. BRICK: Common, red, building. [Price per 1,000, f. o. b. at kiln, near Cincinnati, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $6.75 Apr $6.75 Ju ly... $6.75 $6.75 Feb M a y A ug Nov Mar June S ept $ BRICK: Common, red, domestic, building. [Price per 1,000, on dock at New York; range of s for each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ J u ly... A ug... Sept... $ Oct.... $ $ CEMENT: Portland, domestic. [Price per barrel of 380 pounds net, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $1.58 Apr $1.58 J u ly... $1.58 Oct. $1.58 Feb M a y Aug Nov Mar Sept $ CEMENT: Rosendale. [Price per barrel of 380 pounds net, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M&y... $ $ July... A u g... S ep t... $ $ $ DOORS: Western white pine, 2 feet 8 inches by 6 feet 8 inches, 1 inches thick, 4-panel, No. 2, O. G. [Price per door, carload lots, f. o. b. at Chicago, on the first of each ].r Jan... $1.42 A p r... $1.39 July... $1.36 $1.32 Feb May A ug Mar June, Sept $ GLASS: Plate, polished, glazing, area 3 to 5 square feet. [Price per square foot, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.22 Apr $0.21 July... $0.21 $0.21 Feb May.21 A ug Mar PI S ep t * No quotation.. $a2108

96 96 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I.-WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS Continued. GLASS: Plate, polished, glazing, area 5 to 10 square feet. [Price per square foot, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each ) Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... *0.30 Apr $0.29 July... SO. 29 $0.29 Feb M ay A ug Mar S ep t $ GLASS: Window, American, single, A A, 25-Inch, 6 by 8 to 10 by 15 inches. [Price per 50 square feet, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil. Paint and Drug Reporter.) Jan... $2.72 Apr $2.72 July... $2.72 O ct... Feb W May A ug ) Mar Sept ). $ GLASS: Window, American, single, B, 25-inch; 6 by 8 to 10 by 15 inches. [Price per 50 square feet, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations froir. the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.) Jan... $ Apr $ July... $ Oct... Feb May A u g h Mar S ep t ). $ LATH: Eastern spruce, l^-inch slab. [Price per M, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.) Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $3.85-$ July... A ug... Sept... $ Oct... $4.00-$ $ LIME: Rockport, common. [Price per barrel of 300 pounds gross, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.) Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr----- May $0.92-SI July... A ug... Sept... $ $ $ LUMBER: Douglas fir, No. 1, common, surfaced one side, 1 by 8 and 10 inches. [Price per M feet on the first of each month, f. o. b. at mills, State of Washington.) Jan... $8.00 Apr $8.00 July... $8.00 Oct.... $7.50 Feb M ay A ug Mar S ep t $ i No quotation.

97 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 97 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS Continued. LUMBER: Douglas fir, No. 2 and better, drop siding, 1 by 6. [Price per M feet, on the first of each month, f. o. b. at mills, State of Washington.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $14.50 Apr $15.00 July... $15.00 $14.00 Feb M ay A ug Mar Sept. i $ LUMBER: Hemlock, base, Pennsylvania and West Virginia stock. [Price per M feet, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ July... Aug Sept... $24.50 $ $24.00-$ $ LUMBER: Maple, hard and soft, 1-inch (4-4), firsts and seconds. [Price per M feet, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $37.O0-44O July... Aug... Sept... $37.00-$ $37.00-$ $ LUMBER: Oak, white, plain, mixed, rock, mountain or West Virginia stock, 1-inch (4-4), firsts and seconds. [Price per M feet, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... S ep t... $ Oct $ $ LUMBER: Oak, white, quartered, Indiana, firsts and seconds, inches and up wide, 10 to 16 feet long. [Price per M feet, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $87.00-$ Apr M!ay... $ July... A ug... Sept... $87.00-$ Oct Dec... $ $

98 98 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS Continued. LUMBER: Pine, white, boards, No. 2 bam, 10 inches wide, rough. [Price per M feet. f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... Sept... $ $ $ LUMBER: Pine, white, boards, uppers, 1-inch (4-4), rough. [Price per M feet. f. o. b at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... S ep t... $ $ $ LUMBER: Pine, yellow, flooring, long-leaf, B, heartface, rift sawn, -ft by 2$ face (counted 1 by 3), D. & M. [Price per M feet, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.) Jan... Feb.... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... S ep t... $ Oct... $ $ LUMBER: Pine, yellow, siding, long-leaf, boards, heartface, 1-inch and l*-inch. [Price per M feet. f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ ' Apr May... $ July... A ug... Sept... $ Dec... $ $ LUMBER: Poplar, yellow, 1-inch, firsts and seconds, 7 to 17 Inches and up wide, rough. [Price per M feet. f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May.:.. $ July... A ug... S ep t... $ $ $

99 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 99 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS Continued. LUMBER: Spruce, 6 to 9 inch, cargoes, eastern. [Price per M feet, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar... S27.00-S Apr M ay... S27.00-S July... Aug... Sept... S26.00-S Oct... S26.00-S $ PAINT MATERIALS: Lead, carbonate of (white lead), American, in oil. [Price per pound (100-pound packages or over), at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.06} Apr $0,064 July... $0.06 Oct.... $0.06} Feb....06} M ay A ug....00} Mar... Sept....06}. $ PAINT MATERIALS: Linseed oil, raw, in barrels, [Price per gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.48 A p r... $0.51 July... $0.51* Oct... $0.49 Feb M ay A ug Nov Mar * Sept $ PAINT MATERIALS: Turpentine, spirits of, southern, in barrels. [Price per gsrilon, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $0.45^ J-.51*.48 Apr M ay... $0.48*-$ * July... A ug... Sept... $0.49*-$ * Oct... $0.47*-$ * *-.48. $ PAINT MATERIALS: Zinc, oxide of (zinc white), American, extra dry. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... Feb... Mar... 1 Apr May... *! j July... A ug... Sept... $0, Oct... $0.05. $0.0538

100 100 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS Concluded. PUTTY: Commercial (bulk). [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... Sept... $ $ $ ROSIN: Common to good, strained. [Price per barrel of 280 pounds, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $ $ July... Aug... Sept... $ Oct $ $ SHINGLES: Cypress, best all heart, 5 inches wide, 16 inches long. [Price per M., f. o. b. at New Orleans, on the first of each ] Jan... $3.40 Apr---- $3.45 July... $3.25 Oct... $3.25 Feb May A ug Mar Sept $ SHINGLES: Red cedar, dear, random width, 16 inches long. [ monthly s per M., at mills, State of Washington.] Jan... $1.75 Apr---- $1.80 July... $1.75 Oct... $1.65 Feb M ay A ug Mar Sept $ TAR: Pine. [Price per barrel of 50 gallons, at Wilmington, N. C., on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.) Jan... $2.50 Apr $2.00 July... $2.25 Oct... $2.25 Feb M ay A ug Mar Sept $2.1875

101 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 101 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. DRUGS AND CHEMICALS. ALCOHOL: Grain, 190 proof, U. S. P. [Price per gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil. Paint and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $2.53 Apr $2.54 July $2.52 $2.62 Feb May A u g Mar Sept $ ALCOHOL: Wood, refined, 95 per cent. [Price per gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.45 Apr $0.45 July...* $0.45 Oct... $0.45 Feb..45 May '.45 A u g Mar S ept D ec $ ALUM: Lamp. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr---- M ay... $ July... A u g... Sept... $ Oct... $ $ BORAX: Crystals, in bags. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... Feb Mar... $ Apr May... $ : July : Aug.0375! S ep t... 1! $ Oct.... $ $ GLYCERIN: Refined, chemically pure, in bulk. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] ' Jan... Feb Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... Sept... $ $ $ MURIATIC ACID: 20. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... Sept... $ Nov... $ $0.0130

102 102 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e L WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. DRUGS AND CHEMICALS Concluded. OPIUM: Natural* in cases. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $6.00 Apr $6.50 July... $6.85 $9.75 Feb 6.25 May A ug Mar S ep t... (l) $ QUININE: American, in 100-ounce tins. [Price per ounce, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.26 Apr $0.26 July... $0.26 $0.31 Feb.26 May A ug N o v.31 Mar Sept $ SULPHUR (BRIMSTONE): Stick, crude. [Price per ton (2,240 pounds), at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $22.00 Apr $22.00 July... $22.00 Oct... $22.00 Feb May Aug Nov Mar June Sept $ SULPHURIC ACID: 66. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.01 Apr $0.01 July... $0.01 $0.01 Feb May.01 A ug Mar S ep t Dec $ HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS. EARTHENWARE: Plates, cream-colored, 7-inch. [Price per dozen, f. o. b. at Trenton, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb.. Mar... $ Apr---- M ay... $ July A ug... Sept... $ O ct... $ $ No quotation.

103 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 103 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS Continued. EARTHENWARE: Plates, white granite, 7-inch. [Price per dozen, f. o. b. at Trenton, on first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar Apr----- May July... A u g... Sept Oct... Nov SO EARTHENWARE: Teacups and saucers, white granite, with handles. [Price per dozen cups and dozen saucers, f. o. b. at Trenton, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... SO Apr M ay... SO July A ug... Sept... SO Nov... SO SO FURNITURE: Bedroom sets, 3 pieces, iron bedstead, hardwood dresser, and washstand. [Price per set, at Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $16.25 Apr $16.25 July... $16.25 O ct... $16.25 Feb May A ug Mar Sept $ FURNITURE: Chairs, bedroom, oak, cane seat, rocker. [Price per dozen, at Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $11.00 Apr $11.00 July $11.00 Oct... $11.00 Feb... Mar M ay A ug... Sept Dec $ FURNITURE: Chairs, kitchen, hardwood, bow back, 4-spindle. [Price per dozen, at Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $6.50 Apr $6.50 July $6.50 Oct... $6.50 Feb M ay A ug Nov liar Sept $ FURNITURE: Tables, kitchen, 2 by 3} foot, with drawer, hardwood base, white wood top. [Price each, at Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.45 Apr $1.45 July... $1.45 Oct... $1.45 Feb M ay A ug Mar Sept Dec $1.4500

104 104 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS Continued. GLASSWARE: Nappies, 4-inch, common. [Price per dozen, f. o. b. at factory, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price.! Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb., Mar.... $ Apr M ay... $ July... A ug... Sept... $ Oct... Dec... $ $ GLASSWARE: Pitchers, ^-gallon, common. [Price per dozen, f. o. b. at factory, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay... $ i July... A ug... Sept... $ I Oct.... $ $ GLASSWARE: Tumblers, table, $-pint, common. [Price per dozen, f. o. b. at factory, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr M ay $ July...! A ug ] Sept... $ Oct... $ $ TABLE CUTLERY: Carvers, stag handles, No. 016, 8-inch. [Price per pair on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May $ July A ug... Sept... $ Nov... $ $ TABLE CUTLERY: Knives and forks, cocobolo handles, metal bolsters, No [Price per gross on the first of each ] Jan... $5.75 Apr $5.75 July... $5.75 $6.00 Feb M ay A u g Mar Sept $ WOODEN WARE: Pails, oak-grained, 3-hoop, wire ears. [ Price per dozen, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.80 Apr $1.80 July... $1.80 $1.80 Feb... Mar May A ug... Sept $1.8000

105 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 105 Table I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS Concluded. WOODEN WARE: Tubs, oak-grained, 3 in nest, C, 19, 21, and 23 inches in diameter. [Price per nest, at New York, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $1.70 Apr $1.75 July... $1.75 $1.80 Feb May A ug Mar Sept $ MISCELLANEOUS. BEER: Western, light or dark. [Price per barrel, f. o. b. at brewery, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... $ Apr May $ July Aug $ O ct... $ Mar Sept $ COTTONSEED MEAL: Prime. [ Price per ton of 2,000 pounds, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... $ Apr May... $ July... A ug... $ Oct. $ Mar Sept $ COTTONSEED OIL: Prime, summer yellow. [Price per pound, at New York, on Tuesday of each week: quotations furnished by the statistician of the New York Produce Exchange.] Jan... $ $ Apr $ $ July... S S $ $ (F Feb May....0? A ug... (*) Mar Sept $ JUTE: Raw, M-donble triangle, shipment, medium grades. [ Price per pound on the first of each ] Jan... $0,080 Apr $0,076 July... $0,060 Oct Feb May A ug Mar Sept * No quotation.. $0.0623

106 106 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table L WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. MISCELLANEOUS Continued. LUBRICATING OIL: Paraffin, 903 to 907 specific gravity. [Price per gallon, at New York, on the first Saturday of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar Apr M ay July... A ug... Sept MALT: Standard keg beer. [Price per bushel (34 pounds), at New York, on or near the last of each month; quotations from the Brewers Journal.] Jan... Feb... Mar t Apr M ay July... A ug... Sept Oct PAPER: News, wood, roll, contract. [Price per pound, t o. b. at mills, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb... Mar Apr M ay July... A u g... Sept Oct PAPER: Wrapping, manila, No. 1 jute. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first Friday of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb... Mar Apr M ay July A ug Sept Oct... Dec PROOF SPIRITS: Finished-goods basis (whisky). [Revised Statutes, sec. 3249: Proof spirits shall be held to be that alcoholic liquor which contains one-half its volume of alcohol of a specific gravity of at 60 F. Price per gallon on Tuesday of each week; quotations from Peoria Herald Transcript.] Jan Apr July O c t Feb M ay A u g Mar Sept

107 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. MISCELLANEOUS-Continued. HOPE: Pure manila, g-inch (base size) and larger, three strand. [Price per pound, jobber to retailer, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb Mar Apr M ay... SO July... A u g... Sept... SO Oct... Dec... SO SO RUBBER: Para island, fine. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb... Mar... SO Apr M ay... SO July... A ug... Sept... SO O ct... S0.52-S SO SOAP: Laundry. [Price per box of 100 bars (75 pounds), at Philadelphia, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... S Apr M ay... S July... A ug... S Oct... S Mar Sept Dec S SOAP: Laundry. Price per box of 72 bars (60 pounds), at Cincinnati, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... S Apr M ay... S July... A ug... $ $ Mar Sept $ SOAP: Toilet. Price per gross, 4-ounce cakes, at Si. Louis, on the first of each ] $3.90 Apr $3.90 July... $3.90 $3.90 Feb M ay A ug Mar S ep t $ STARCH: Laundry, 50-pound boxes, in bulk. Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ A p r... M ay... $0.03j Ju ly... A ug... S ep t... $0.03 $ $0.0390

108 108 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Continued. MISCELLANEOUS Continued. TOBACCO: Plug, Climax, 12 pieces to the pound. [Price per pound, at New York, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Fob... Mar Apr M ay... SO J u ly... Aug S ep t... SO Nov... SO SO TOBACCO: Smoking, granulated, Blackwell s Bull Durham, 1-ounce bags. [Price per gross of 1-ounce bags, at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... S5.64 Apr S5.64 Ju ly... $5.64 Oct... $5.76 F eb.... Mar M ay A ug... S ep t $ WHISKY: Bourbon, straight, 4 years in bond, 100 proof, in barrels. [Price per proof gallon, f. o. b. at distillery in Kentucky, on the first of each ] Jan... $2.75 Apr $2.75 Ju ly... $2.75 $2.75 Feb... Mar M a y A ug... Sept :. $ WHISKY: Bourbon, straight, bottled in bond. [Price per case of 12 quarts, f. o. b. at distillery in Kentucky, on the first of each ] Jan... $12.00 Apr $12.00 Ju ly... $12.00 $12. oa Feb May A ug Mar S ep t $ WHISKY: Rye, straight, 4 years in bond, 100 proof, in barrels. JiPriceper proof gallon, f. o. b. at distillery in Illinois, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.55 Apr $1.55 Ju ly... $1.55 $1,574 Feb M ay A ug } 1.57} Mar Sept } 1.57*. $ WHISKY: Rye, straight, 4 years in bond, 100 proof, in barrels. [jprice per proof gallon, f. o. b. at distillery in Pennsylvania, on the first of each ] Jan... $2.10 Apr $2.10 J u ly... $2.10 O ct... $2.05 Feb... Mar M a y A u g... S ep t $2.0792

109 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 109 T a b l e I. WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1914 Concluded. MISCELLANEOUS Concluded. WHISKY: Bye, straight, bottled in bond. [Price per case of 12 quarts, f. o. b. at distillery in Illinois, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $8.50 Apr $8.50 July... $8.50 Oct... $8.50 Feb 8.50 May Aug Mar Sept $ WHISKY: Rye, straight, bottled in bond. [Price per case of 12 quarts, f. o. b. at distillery in Pennsylvania, on the first of each ] Jan... $8.15 Apr $8.00 July... $8.00 $7.90 Feb May Aug Nov Mar Sept Dec $ WOOD PULP: Sulphite, domestic, unbleached. (Price per 100 pounds,at New York, on the first Wednesday of each month; quotations from Paper ) Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Apr May... $1.90-$ July... Aug... Sept... $2.00-$ Oct... $2.25-$ $2.1563

110 110 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table n. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF [This table shows the actual and the relative of each commodity, each year from 1890 to 1914 and each month in 1914; also the per cent or in, each month as compared with the preceding The base of each commodity, on which the relative s are based, is shown in heavy-faced type and is the of the actual s for For further explanation and discussion of the table, see p. 36. For a more detailed, description of the articles, see Farm products. Cotton. Upland, middling: New York. Upland, middling: New Orleans. Flaxseed: No. 1. Year or Aver- PX p r. pound. Per cent of in- de- ( - ) compared with Aver- PX per pound. Per cent ofin- de- ( - ) compared with preceding Chicago market, aver- PX per bushel. Minneapolis market, averper bushel. Per cent of in- ( + ) or de- < -) compared with preceding, $ ) $ January... February... March... April... M ay July... August... September. October November.. December & (l) i Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p No quotation for

111 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO I l l T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Farm products. Grain. Barley: by sample. Com: cash, contract grades. Com: cash. No. 3, mixed. Year or Choice to fancy, averper bushel. Fair to good malting, per bushel. Per cent of in- ( - ) compared with preceding per bushel. Per cent of in- (+ )o r de- ( - ) compared with preceding per bushel. Per cent of in- (+ )o r de- ( - ) compared with preceding, $ January... February M arch... April... May July... August September. October November.. December * i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

112 112 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEATJ OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e H. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Farm products. Grain. Oats: cash. Rye, No. 2: cash. Wheat, No. 2, hard winter: cash, Kansas City. Year or ^bushel. ( ) compared ^bushel. (+ )o r ( ) compared Dushel. withprecedmg ol increase ( + ) or ( ) compared, $ $ (i) $ January (*) February (*) +.9 March (*) April (3) -.9 May (1) , (3) July (*) August (*) September (*) October (*) November (3) December (3) >Loss than one-tenth of 1 per cent. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p

113 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 113 T able II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914-Continued. Farm products. Grain. Year or Wheat, No. 1, northern spring: cash, Minneapolis. bushel. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding Wheat, bluestem: cash, Portland, Oreg. bushel. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding, $ $ O) January February March April May July... August... September... October... November... December J) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p Bull

114 114 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le I L AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Farm products. Grain. Wheat: cash, Chicago. Year or Bangeof No. 1 northern spring and No. 2 red winter, bushel. N o.l northern spring, bushel. ( ) compared with preceding No. 2 red winter, bushel. <+) or ( ) compared with preceding, i3i ) ) January February m -.9 March m April (n May (n m July ) August C1) September m October m +.2 November m December (i) i No relative computed. For explanation see p. 37.

115 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 115 T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Farm products. Hides. Hay: timothy, No. 1. Calfskins: No Green, salted, heavy native steers. packer s: Year or short ton. <+) or pound. withprecedmg pound. withprecedmg A v e r a g e, i.886 ( l ) CO January February m March (1) April (n May m ) ( * ) July (J) August (v A September (l) October in November ) December ) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * Price unchanged.

116 116 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Farm products. Hides: green, salted, pack* ers ; heavy Texas steers. New York State: prime to choice. Hops. Pacific Coast. Year or pound. tive ( + ) or ( ) compared pound. vlth preceding of in- pound. of in- (+ )o r Arerage, January... February March... April... May July... August... September.. October November.. December <2) * Q) No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * unchanged.

117 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 117 T a b l e EL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Farm products. Live stock (for food). Year or Cattle: steers, choice to prime. 100 pounds. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with preceding Cattle: steers, good to choice. 100 pounds. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding, January February ) March April May July August September October November December i Price unchanged.

118 118 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e EL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Farm products. Live stock (for food). Year or 100 pounds. Hogs: heavy. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding 100 pounds. Hogs: light. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding, January February March April »9 May July August September October November December

119 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 119 T a b le IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Farm products. Live stock (for food). Year or lambs, 100 pounds. Per cent of ( ) compared year or Sheep: native wethers, 100 pounds. wethers, 100 pounds. Per cent of increase ( ) compared year or, i January... February... March... April... May July... August... September.. O ctober... November.. December i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

120 120 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Farm products. Live stock (for food). Peanuts: No. 1 grade. Year or Sheep: western wethers, 100 pounds. Sheep: western wethers, plain to prime, j)er pounds. Sheep: ewes, j>er pounds. ( ) compared per pound. ( + ) or, (i) r (*) (*) January....* (*) February (i) March (3) ApriL (*) May (*) (*) <*) July (*) (*) August (3) ( ) September (a) October (*) November (*) December (*) (*), i Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent change. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * Price unchanged.

121 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 121 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Farm products. Live fowls: Chicago. Poultry. Live fowls: New York. Tobacco: Burley, dark red, good leaf. Year or pound. (+ )o r pound. 6f increase jper wlthpre- pounds. ceding, SO O) Si O) O) ) (i) O) m m ).1674 l1) m O) (!) I1) January O) February )n l1) <a) March /l) (*) m April (1) m f1) (*) liay (1\ / \ M (*) ( ) )l\ I1) (*) P July ) August ) (l> September C1) I1) (*) October )l) ) O) ( 2) November (1) ) m (*) December (1) ) ) (*) 1 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * Price unchanged.

122 122 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Beans: medium, choice. Crackers. Bread. Crackers: soda. Year or per bushel. K pounds. Aver- Per cent of in- de- ( - ) compared with preceding Butter, per pound. Oyster, per pound. Per cent of in- (+ )o r de- ( - ) compared with preceding per pound. Per cent of in- de- ( - ) compared with preceding, January February... March... April... May July... August... September.. October November.. December I ) ) ) ) f t J V. i ) \ t Price unchanged.

123 WHOLESALE PRICES, T a b le I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Bread. Year or Loaf: before baking, New York. pound. Per cent of increase (+ ) or Loaf: before baking, Washington. pound. Per cent of increase (+ ) or, ) ) ?n V) C1) ( ) ) h (i) ll) v) h v) ) (1) ) W v) m ) w C1) ) (l) ) <l) January February m March (l) (v April in May I1) fii ) July ) August s1) September v) October ii» November (l) December o i Price unchanged.

124 124 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Creamery: extra, Boston. Creamery: firsts, Boston. Creamery: seconds, Boston. Year or pound. ( + ) or pound. ( + ) or withpreceding pound. ( + ) or, SO ) SO (i> SO O) ) ) ) January February i1) i1) March n\ i1) i1) April M /n M May M M M, j m M M July ) August M M M September I1) I1) M October M m M November I1) M I1) December M M M i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

125 W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S, 1890 TO 125 T a b l e U. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Creamery: extra, Chicago. Creamery: extra firsts, Chicago. Creamery: firsts, Chicago. Year or pound. pound. ( + )o r pound. Relap tive ( + ) or, SO SO f1) SO O) ) (i) January February I1! Hi March I1) ' f1) I1) 1.8 April f1! i1) m May I1) i1) (I) I1) i1) l1) July August I1) m O) September I1) I1) October M I1) O) November M t1) ) December i1) /n ).7 1 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

126 126 B U L L E T IN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Whole milk: extra, Cincinnati. Creamery: centralized firsts, Cincinnati. Creamery: centralized seconds, Cincinnati. Year or pound. ( ) compared pound. (+ )o r pound., ! i! i j 0) 0) 0) (l) $ $ O) 0) January (i).3088 (!) ) February ) (1) h) March (i) ) ) April O) ) O) May m ) i1) ) ) (ij (1) July ) August /l) [l) c1) September (1) /1\ C1) October m c1) m November (i) i O) (i) O) December! i1) m * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 3 7.

127 W H O L E S A L E P B IC E S, 1890 TO 127 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Creamery: Elgin, Elgin, 111. Creamery: fancy, New Orleans. Creamery: choice, New Orleans. Year or pound. pound. pound., W w January February v ) March v ) h i -.7 April M rli May (v v ) w ) July m n\ -.9 August iij \1) September in October m (v November M M December w < i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

128 128 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Year or month Creamery: extra, New York. per pound. ( - ) compared with preceding Dairy: New York State. per pound. of in- Creamery: firsts, New York, ' por pound. (+ )o r < -) compared with preceding Creamery: seconds, New York. per pound. (+ )o r ( - ) compared with preceding, SO (') SO SO January... February... March... April... May July... August... September... October... November... December i Price unchanged. * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent change, s No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

129 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 129 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Creamery: extra firsts, Philadelphia. Creamery: firsts, delphia. Year or pound. Creamery: extra, Philadelphia. Phila- ( ) compared pound. ( ) compared pound. ( ) compared, i I....! :. : : : :.. : P) 0) 0) ) SO SO SO ) (i) January February ) m 3.7 March O) (i) M April )i\ m May )n (i\ (i) m m <*) (1) July ) August O) /n A) September ) ) (1) October m ) O) November /l) ) m December m (l\ + -6 * No relative computed. For explanation, see p Bull !

130 130 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e EL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Year or Creamery: extra, San Francisco. pound. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with preceding Creamery: firsts, Sab Francisco. pound. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding, O) O) ) January February M [i] March tl I M April M m May ) C1) (*) ) (*) ( (!) July August September M (1\ October (ll m November M (1) December m ) i No relative computed. For explanation see p. 37. * Price unchanged.

131 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 131 T a b le IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Canned goods. Com: No. 2, fancy. Peas: No. 2, sifted. Tomatoes: standard New Jersey, No. 3. Year or dozen cans. dozen withpreyear or of in- (+ )o r dozen cans. of in- withprecedfiig, $ $ January... February... March... April... May July... August... September.. October November.. December (8) ) (l) (l) t1) (2) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * Price unchanged. 8 No quotation for

132 132 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e H. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Cheese. Whole milk: American twins, Chicago. Whole milk: colored,, fancy, New York. California flats: fancy, San Francisco. Year or pound. ( + ) or pound. ofin- ( Compared pound. of in-, , January... February March... April... May July... August... September. October November.. December * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

133 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 183 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Coffee: Rio, No. 7. Eggs. Year or pound. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding dozen. Firsts: western, Boston. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with preceding, O) «+ 4.7 January February ) - io.6 March (i) April ) May (!) ) July ) August (1) September n) October (1) November December No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

134 134 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Eggs. Firsts: fresh, Chicago. Firsts: fresh, Cincinnati. Candled: western, New Orleans. Year or dozen. (+ )o r dozen. withpreceding (+ )o r dozen. withpreceding, $ f1) $ ) $ O) ) ) ) January ( ) ).3300 February ) (i\ March /n ) O) April ) m May m (!) m <*> ) m July (l) August (1) (l) ) September /I) O) (1) October ) (I) m November (1) (1) O) December ) ) )i) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

135 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 135 T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Eggs. Year or New laid: lair to fancy, nearby, New York, per dozen. Firsts: fresh gathered, New York, per -dozen. Per cent ( - ) compared with preceding Extra firsts: western, Philadelphia. per dozen. Per cent (+d lor crease ( - ) compared with preceding Fresh: selected, pullets, San Francisco. per dozen. Per cent ( - ) compared with preceding, i i. i $ ) SO ) V) ) January February m v) March m rl) April ) flj May... j C1) fl) (1) ) July (1) August m m September m v ) October (i) (l) November m December (i) (l) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

136 136 BULLETIN OP THE BUBEATJ OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Fish. Cod. Herring. Year or f i f e large, Boston market,»er large, New York market, per hundredweight. Large shore V t cured), Gloucester market, per hundredweight. Per cent (+ )o r de- ( - ) compared with preceding Shore, round, Boston market, per barrel. Nova Scotia, split, Boston market, per barrel. Newfoundland, split, large No. 1, New York market, per barrel. Per cent (+ ) or de- ( - ) compared with preceding, $ ( SJ i $ January... February... March... April... May $ $ $ ) July... August... September. October November. December G ) i Price unchanged.

137 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 137 T a b le EL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Fish. Year or barrel. Mackerel: salt, large No. 3s. Per cent of increase v+) or ( ) compared with preceding dozen cans. Salmon: canned, tails, Is. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with preceding, $ $ ) <*>.Ta.rma.ry February (i) March April ) (lj May (n ) July fi) August w September (l) October (i) November ) ) December ) ) i Price unchanged.

138 138 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I L AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Flour. Year or 100 pounds. Buckwheat. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding New York market, per barrel. Rye. Minneapolis market, Per cent of increase(+) or ( ) compared with preceding, January... February March... April... May July... August... September.. October November.. December > (l> i Price unchanged. * No quotation for

139 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 139 T a b le IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Flour. Year or Wheat: winter patents, Kansas City. pier barrel. Per cent of increase ( ) compared Wheat: springpatents.new York, Wheat: standard patents. Minneapolis, barrel. Per cent of increase ( ) compared A v e r a g e, $ January... February... March... April... May $ (*> + a <a) $ July... August... September.. October November.. December i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * Price unchanged.

140 140 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Flour. Year or Wheat: second patents, Minneapolis. barrel. of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding Wheat: winter straights, New York, barrel. Wheat: winter straights, Kansas City, per barrel. Per cent of increase (+ ) or with preceding, $ January... February March... April... May July... August... September.. October November.. December.. $ $ * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * Price unchanged.

141 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 141 T a b le n. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Fruit. Apples: evaporated, choice. Apples: fresh, Baldwin, No. 1. Bananas: Jamaica, 8s. Year or pound. barrel. wlthpreceding Duncn. withpreceding, $ $ O) $ in O) \ / W v\j January C1).8750 (!) February O) (1) March > n\ April (1) (i\ May <»> (*) W J 07 C wv) July (*) (8) (I) August (#).8000 ( September (8).8000 n\ (*) October November M (2)* 6.30 December (1) \ ) A O* 7# * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * No quotation for * Price unchanged. 8

142 142 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T a b le IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Fruit. Currants: in barrels. Lemons: California, extra choice. Oranges: California. Year or pound. ( + ) or box. wlthpreceding oecrease box. (+ )o r, $ $ (l) «-37.3 January /i\ February h\ March (2) (i) ii» April (2) (*) iij May (2) (l) v ) Juno (2) (1) w +.4 July W m (1) August (2) iii (*) September V ) V/ October V ) (ll November (1) (4) (1) December (2) ) ) No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

143 WHOLESALE PBIOES, 1890 TO 143 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Fruit. Prunes: California, in boxes. Raisins: California, London layer. Glucose. Year or pound. withprecedmg box. 100 pounds. withprecedmg Relap tive wlthprecedmg, 1896*1899. $ $ $1.4182* January February <2) (2) March (2) April (2) May (2) (2) Juno <2) July (2) (2) (2) August (2) (2) September (2) (2) October (2) November (2) December <2) (2) * for * Price unchanged.

144 144 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Lard: prime, contract. Fine white. Meal: com. Fine yellow. Year or pound. 100 pounds. 100 pounds., $ ' January February March ) (l) April ) May ) (1) July ) P> August ) (l) September October ( ) November December

145 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 145 Tabus IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Meat. Bacon: short clear sides. Bacon:: short rib sides. Beef: fresh, carcass, good native steers (Chicago market). Year or pound. withprecedmg pound. withpreceding pound. withjjreceding, $ 's6. io53' 0) « ( ) w ill ) January (O February i VY <*) March w <*) April ill May W (l) (*) July (J) August September v ) October \ ) <*) November v ) <*) December W -.7 i No relative computed. For explanation, see p Bull * Price unchanged.

146 146 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Meat. Beef: fresh, native sides (New York market). Beef: salt, extra mess. Hams: smoked. Year or pound. ( + ) or ( - ) compared barrel. pound., $ $ $ * January February {!> March ) April ) May ) ) July August September ) October November December ) Price unchanged.

147 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 147 T a b le IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Meat. Lamb: dressed, round. Mutton: dressed. Pork: salt, mess. Year or pound. ( + ) or pound. ( + Jor dec/ease barrel. wlthprecedmg Relfr. tive (+ )o r, (l) <}) January February O) March April O) May (O ) July ) August ) September ) October M November (1) December ) No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

148 148 BULLETIN OP THE BUBEAU OP LABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e I L AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Meat. Poultry: dressed fowls, iced, Chicago. Poultry: dressed fowls, western, dry picked, New York. Veal. Year or pound. pound. withpreceding pound. withprecedmg, I ' SO ) (i) (i) m ).1824 I1) O) w V1) W January (l) February March (is ill (ii April (ij ill (ii May w M (l) to C1) (l) July fl\ n\ m August ill (ij ) September ill w (l\ October ill (1) November v ) ( (1) December ) to i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

149 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 149 T a b l e n. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Milk: fresh. Chicago. New York. San Francisco. Year or quart. withjpreceding quart. quart. withpreceding * withpreceding, (*) ) O) w W +0.5 January n\ February m March v ) (i) <>*) April (ll (i) (3) May nj rii w ) <*) July m m (2) August w ) (*) September (*) (v (*) October w ) (*) November (1 (*) (i\ (*) December (») (*) (*).0388 (0 (*) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * Price unchanged.

150 150 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Molasses: New Orleans, open kettle. Oleomargarine. Oleo oil. Year or gallon. pound. pound., $ SO ) SO O) « w January /j\ February (*).1800 m.0969 m March (*).1800 v) (*).0957 M April (*).1700 (ll M May (*).1700 w (*).0948 in (2).1700 (l) <*).0976 w July (a).1700 m.0976 m (*) August (*).1700 v) (a).0932 (l) September w (v October ill (»).1263 (1) November (*).1800 M ) December <*).1800 w *.1413 (l) * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * Price unchanged.

151 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 151 T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. French. Olive oil. Italian. xww; uuiugsuu, cnoice. Year or mr^*h. gallon. ( + ) or withprecedmg gallon. Fsrcent pound. wlthpreceding (+ )o r withprecedmg, $ S V $ (a) $ (*) (*) (*) January (2) (8) February (3) 0 ) ) ) March (2) 0 ) (v 0) /i) April (2) M (*) 0 ) (i) May (v (*) m (2) o ) ( July (2) (2) 0 ) ) August (2) (2) ) September (*) (2) October (2) (i) (2) 0 ) November (2) (*) m December (2) m (2) (l\ ) * Price unchanged. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

152 152 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le n. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Salt: American. Soda: bicarbonate of, American. Spices: pepper, black, Singapore. Year or barrel. (+ )o r ( - ) compared withprecedihg pound. ( ) compared pound. _<+) or, $ $ $ **+i5.*3* m w J V1) n\ vl) (v in ) I1) January February (l) March (i) (ij April (l) (lj May (n ) ) July m w August ?ii September rij <ll October ?ii (J) November (i) ) December ) Price unchanged.

153 W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S, 1890 TO 153 Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Sugar. Starch: com. 06 centrifugal. Granulated. Year or pound. pr ice per pound. withprecedmg pound., $ $ $ m i h * t1) ) ) C G M ) January February m ) March (i) April (v ) May (I) ) July W C August....06C ) September October (!) November h December )

154 154 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Tallow. Tea: Formosa, fine. Year or New York, pound. Packers ie, ago, pound. Per cent of in- (+ )o r with preceding pound. Per cent of in- ( - ) compared with preceding, January... February... March... April... May July... August... September.. October November.. December I T <l> ) Price unchanged.

155 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 155 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Vegetables: fresh. Cabbage. Onions. Year and snort ton. Per cent of in- (+ )o r ( ) compared New York, barrel. New York, 100 pounds. Chicago, sack. of to- ( ) compared, January... February March... April... May July... August... September. October November. December.. $ $ $ _ _ _ 'i.* _ (*) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * No quotation for * Price unchanged.

156 156 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Food, etc. Vegetables: fresh. Potatoes: white. Vinegar: cider. Year or Ordinary to fancy, bushel. Good to choice, Per cent of ( ) compared year or gallon. Per cent of increase ( ) compared year, or, (!) , ( January... February... March... April... May... Juno... July... August... September.. October November.. December (,l Price unchanged.

157 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 157 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Blankets. cotton, 2-bushel, Amoskeag. All wool, 5 pounds to the pair. Cotton. Year or per Per cent (+ ) r de- ( - ) compared with preceding per pound. Per cent ofin- de- ( - ) compared with preceding 11-4,6 pounds to the pair, cotton warp, cotton and wool filling, per pound. 2 pounds to the pair, per pair. tive Per cent of in- de- ( - ) compared with preceding, $ $ $0, ) PV ) 0) ) ) $0, , A t i \ JI* January... February... March... April... May July... August... September... October... November... December J i. 0) o; o: Price unchanged.

158 158 BULLETIN OF.THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Boots and shoes. Children s gun metal, button. Little boys gun metal, blucher. Men s. Year or per pair. ( - ) compared with preceding per pair. ( - ) compared with preceding Brogans, split, per pair. Seamless Creedmores, per pair. Split seamless Creedmores, ^-double sole, per pair. ( + ) or ( - ) compared with preceding, $ (1) ) $ SO (2) SO $ * ) January February (2) (]) (i) March (2) m.970 (i) i1) April (2) 0) m i) May (2) 0 ) (i) M (2) 0 ) (i) m July (l) August (2) 0 ) September m.970 (2) m October (i) m November m (2) I1) December C1).970 (2) (1) ) 1 Price unchanged. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

159 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 159 T a b le n. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Boots and shoes: men s. Gun metal: Goodyear welt, blucher. Gun metal: Goodyear welt, button. Year or CalfbaL, Goodyear welt, dongola top, pair. Vici calf blucher, pair. per pair. < -) compared with preceding per pair. ( - ) compared with preceding, $2, ) ) ) ) ) I1) ) & A s (l) $2, a * $ (4) $ (2) (2) (2) +5.3.Tft.nnft.ry (2) February (i) (2) (2) March (') (2) (2) (l) +.9 A April ) (2) (2) +.9 May O) (2) (2) C1) (2) (2) (l) +.9 «July ) (2) (2) +.9 August ) (2) M +.9 September (2) (2) +.9 October (2) (2) +.9 November a (2) (2) +.9 December ) (2) (2) +.9 1Price unchanged. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

160 160 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Boots and shoes. Men s. Women s. Year or Vicikid: Goodyear welt. pair. pair. Vici patent: button. of in- of in- pair. Gun metal: Goodyear welt, button. of in- withpreceding, $ January... February... March... April... May July... August... September... October... November... December ) $ ) Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

161 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 161 T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Boots and shoes. Women s. Youths. Year or Patent leather: pump, McKay sewed. per pair. ( - ) compared with preceding Solid grain, per pair. Gun metal, McKay sewed, button, per pair. < -) compared with preceding per pair. Box calf: blucher. (+ )o r ( - ) compared with preceding, $ ) O) ) (!) o $ (2) $ $1,261 (2) <2) (2) <*> January (2) (2) February (2) m March < (2) + < > W April (2) (2) 0 May (2) 0 ) ) (2) O) (2) (2) (!) July ) August (2) (2) [ll September (2) (;) (2) (l\ October (2) /2) 0 ) November (2) ( l) (2) (1\ December (*'I!) (*) (!) 1Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p Bull

162 162 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOIi STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. B r o a d c lo t h s : first guality, black, 54- inch, X X X wool. Calico. Carpets: Brussels, 5- frame, Bigelow. Year or per yard. Relflr tive ( - ) compared with preceding Cocheco prints, per yard. American standard prints, per yard. ( + )c r ( - ) comwith preceding per yard. Relar tive 1'ercent decreaso ( - ) compared with preceding A v e r a g e, $1,732 $ $ , C , 1890., 1897., (') (>) 0) , (,> SO t ) (>) m i <*> 0 ) ) 0 ) January... February March... April... May ) (!) (>) July... August... September. October November., December Price unchanged.

163 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 163 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Carpets. Cotton flannels: 2J yards to the pound. Wilton: 5-frame,Bigelow. Year or Ingrain, per yard. Axminster. Lowell, per yard. Fercent (+ )o r <-> compared with preceding per yard. ( + ) or ( - ) compared with preceding of in- per yard. of in- (+)or ( - ) compared with preceding, $ $ $ oieo SCO ( C1) ) i \ (») ) (1)* ) ) f C C1) $ O) 0) ) January... February March... April... May C0 1.05(0 1.05C0 1.05C (1? (') 0 ) 0 ) July... August... September. October November., December C0 1.05C ) 1.05T a Price unchanged.

164 164 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Cotton flannels: to the poun ^ yards Cotton thread: 6-cord yard spools, J. & P. Coats, freight paid. Cotton yams: carded, white, mule-spun northern, cones, 10/1. Year or yard. Per cent spool. Relar tive Per cent pound. Per cent, $ $ $ i <*) (2)» (2) KV <2) <2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) S (2) <2) <2) <2) h I*) (2> January February (2) (*j March (2) (2) <2) April (2) (2) May (2) <2) (2) <2) a 6 <2) July (2) August <2) (2) September (2) October (2) <2) November ) ) December <2) < Records destroyed. Price estimated by person who furnished data for later years. * Price unchanged.

165 W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S, 1800 TO 165 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Cotton yams: carded, white, mule-spun, northern, cones, 22/1. Denims: Amoskeag. Drillings: brown, Pepperell. Year or pound. ( ) compared yard. yard., aecrease withprecedfng, $ $ * (2) M <2) January February <*) (2) (2) March (i) April <2) (2) (2y May (2) n2) (2) (2) July (2) (2) August (2) (*) September (2) ( / October <2) (2) (2) November (2) December (2) * Records destroyed. Price estimated by person who furnished data for later years. * 1 rice unchanged.

166 166 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. C l o t h s a n d c l o t h i n g. D r i l l i n g s : in c h. F l a n n e l s : a l l w o o l, w h i t e, 4-4, B a l l a r d V a le N o. 3. G in g h a m s : A m o s k e a g. Y e a r o r m o n t h. S t a r k A., a v e ra g e p r i c e p e r y a r d. c h u - s e t t s D s t a n d a r d, a v e ra g e p r i c e p e r y a r d. R e l a t i v e p r i c e. P e r c e n t o f i n c re a s e ( + ) o r d e c re a s e ( - ) c o m p a r e d w i t h p r e c e d in g y e a r o r m o n t h. A v e r age p r i c e p e r y a r d. R e l a t i v e p r ic e. P e r c e n t o f i n - ( + ) o r d e - ( - ) c o m p a r e d v r i t h p r e - c e.lin e r y e a r o r m o n t h. P e r COIlt o f i n c re a s e ( + ) o r d e c re a s e ( - ) c o m p a r e d w i t h p r e - c o d in * : y e a r o r m o n r h., $ $ $ o;oo ) ii * * ' j : ). 430"> G m C ! ( ! C >. OS 1 0.0K ( January... F e b r u a r y March... A p r i l... m y July... A u g u s t S e p t e m b e r. O c t o b e r N o v e m b e r. D e c e m b e r <»> % " : Price unchanged.

167 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 167 T a b lk EL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Ginghams: Lancaster. Horse blankets: all wool, 6 pounds each. Hosiery: men s cotton half hose, seamless,fast black, 20 to 22 ouncc, ICO needles. Year or.per yard. Per cent of in- ( - ) compared with preceding year or per pound. Per cent ( - ) compared with preceding year or Twothread, per dozen pairs, September Singlethread, per dozen pairs, September Singlethread, carded yam, per pairs. R e l a r t i v o Per cent < -) compared with preceding year or, ( , January February... March... April... May July... August... September. October November.. December.. $ * O ^ or>r>o : ( o::oo (!) ) $ C ) ( 7).l ) J, 8 1 Price unchanged. $ '1.17( " ( $0. C SO ( (» *> (l) (l) (')

168 168 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Hosiery. Year or Women s cotton hose: full-fashioned, combed yam. i ; i dozen, pairs.. Per cent of increase (+ ) or with preceding Women s cotton hose: seamless, single thread, carded yarn. 26 to 28 ounce, 160 to 176 needles, dozen pairs, September 26-ounce, 176 needles, dozen pairs. Per cent of increase(+) or with preceding, $1,850 ; i <*> (: \ j ' i January.... February March... April.... May ! I i 1.775! 1.775! 1.831! 1.844! j ! (2) X :l SO July... August... September.. October... November.. December ! j < j <2) i for Price unchanged.

169 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1 6 $ T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Leather. Calf. Harness: oak. Year or Wax calf, 30 to 40 >unds to B grade, sq. foot. Chrome calf, sq. foot. Per cent ofin- ( ) compared Country middles, pound. No. 1, pier pound. Per cent (+ )o r ( ) compared, $ $ ({ « $ January... February----- March... April... May July----- August. October., November. December <\8 « ) (2) (2) <l) <lt 0 ) 0 )» Prior) unchanged. * No quotation for

170 17 0 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR * STATISTICS. T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. C l o t h s a n d c l o t h i n g. L e a t h e r. S o l e : h e m l o c k. S o le : o a k. L i n e n s h o o t h r e a d : 1 0 s, B a r b o u r. Y e a r o r m o n t h. P e r c e n t o f i n P e r c e n t o f i n P e r c e n t o f i n c re a s e c re a s e c re a s e A v e r a g e p r i c e p e r p o u n d. R e l a t i v e p r i c e. ( + ) o r d e c re a s e A v e r a g e ( ) c o m p r i c e p e r p a r e d p o u n d. v i t h p r e c e d in g y e a r o r m o n t h. R e l a r t i v e p r i c e. ( + ) o r d e c re a s e A v e r a g e ( ) c o m p r i c e p e r p a r e d p o u n d. v it h p r e c e d in g y e a r o r m o n t h. R e l a t i v e p r ic e. ( + ) o r d e c re a s e ( - - ) c o m p a r e d. v i t h p r e c e d in g y e a r o r i n o n t : i. A v e r a g e, $ $ $ ) ) P C o. O S ) ) ( * ) ) ) 4 ( ( ( 0 9!> ) o S (! ) * 8 0 ) ( l ) ( l ) J a n u a r y F e b r u a r y ( * ) ) M a r c h S (1 ) ( l ) A p r i l ) ( v M a y ) 0 ) <l> J u n e ( h ) J u l y ) (1) ) A u g u s t ) (l) S e p t e m b e r... ( 2) ( 2 ) ( n O c t o b e r... <2 ( 2 ) N o v e m b e r... ( 2) ( 2 ) D e c e m b e r... ( * ) ( 2 ) ! 8 0 ) i Price unchanged. 2 No quotation for

171 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 171 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACn YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACII MONTH OF 1914 C on tin u ed. Cloths and clothing. Overcoatings. Year or Lightweight staple goods, per yard. Covert cloth. 14- ounce, per yard. ( - ) comwith preceding Kersey, wool-dyed, 28-ounce, 56-inch. per yard. ( - ) compared with preceding Kersey, 27 to 28 ounce, pri *0 per yard. Soft faced, black, plain twill, 24- om re, per yard. pri^e. ( - ) compared with pro ceding, $ G J January... February March... April... May July... August... September.. October November.. December J45S $ $ C C tt: : f, (8) (2) (2) <2) <2) (2) <2) Jlo >$ S f J r, $ r,0 1.30: L P m (2) (2) (2) <2) 1 for Price unchanged.

172 172 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II* AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Percale: Scout, 36-inch. Print cloths. Sheetings: bleached, 10-4, Pepperell. Year or per yard. (+ )o r ; 28-inch, ( ) ( com- pared per with ; yard, preced-; ing j year o r ; ; 27-inch, prico per yard., $ G tt* January... February... March... April... May (*) $ l! July... August... September... October... November... December S : No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * Price unchanged.

173 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 173 Table EL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Sheetings. Bleached: 10-4, Wamsutta S. T. Brown: 4-4, Indian Head. Brown: 4-4, PeppercII R. Year or yard. yard. withpreccding withpreceding yard., ) ) ) ) January February March (i) (i) April (i) (i» (1) May (i) (J) («) ) (!) July m ) W August (ij September (ii ) ) October / November (i) ( December ( * Price unchanged.

174 171 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1014 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Sheetings: brown. Shirtings: bleacher?, 1-4, Fruit of the Loom. Year or 4-4, Stark A, yard. 4-4, chusetts Mills, Ilying Horse brand, yard. Lawrence L. L., yard. 4-4, AY are Shoals L. L., yard. ( )com- ^aveil ri yi Per cont lec i-case ( - ))cjrn-, arccl wilh prece ;ing, $ $ ! Gi S $ GG !.0715! $ January... February... March... April... May July... August... September. October November.. December $ ) ) <») (*) (l) 1Price unchanged.

175 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 175 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OP 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Shirtings: bleached. Year or 4-4, per yard. Lonsdale (new construction), yard. Per cent of in- year r:r 4-4, (New York Mills, ; Williamsville, A l, ), yard. 4-4, Rough Rider, Per cenl, $ $ m e 'j., C33.059=) $ $ CS January... February March... April... May r (2) July... August September. October November., December f S n (*) 1In former bulletins this fabrio has been described as 39 inches wide, owing to the fact that this is its width in the gray state. 2 Price unchanged.

176 176 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Shirtinj;s: bleached, 4-4, Wa msutta Italian, classical. Silk: raw. Japanese, filatures. Year or Averaee yard. (+ )o r pound. pound. ( ) compared, $ $ $ *"* S (») January February <l) March ) April May Juno ) ) July August ) (2) September M October November ) (2) December C1) Price unchanged. 2No quotation for

177 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 177 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Suitings. Clay worsted diagonal, 12-ounce. Clay worsted diagonal, 16-ounce. Middlesex. Year or per yard. Relar tive ofin-,(+) or ( - ) compared with preceding month per yard. ofin- ( - ) compared with preceding Indigo blue, all wool. 14- ounce, 54-inch, per yard. Wooldved blue, 15- ounce, inch, per yard. ofin- (+ )o r ( - ) compared with preceding, * $ $ A i $ (2) (2) i \ 9 (*) January... February... March... April... May July... August... September. October November.. December (2) <2: <2) 8 (2) for Bull Price unchanged.

178 178 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OK LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Suitings: serge. Tickings r^amoskeag Trouserings: fancy worsted. Year or ington Mills, 6700, per yard. 11- ounce Fulton Mills, 3192, per yard. of init ia tive (+ )o r ( - ) compared with preceding per yard. ( - ) compared *ith preceding ounce, per yard ouncej per yard. (+ )o r ( - ) ofin- compared v.ith preceding, i$ January..., February... March... April... May July... August... September.. October November.. December $ C i f t o (2) <2) ( 2> $ C $ $2.03(, C < « ^ % (2) (*)» for Price unchanged. «19 to 20 ounce. 418 to 19 ounce. * 18-ounce. «17 to 18 ounce. * 16} to 17} ounce.

179 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 179 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Underwear. Cotton: Men s shirts and drawers. Cotton: Women s union Shirts and drawers. Year or per 12 garments. Per cent of increase (+ )o r de- ( - ) compared with preyear or per 12 suits. Per cent of increase (+ ) r de- < -) compared with preyear or All wool, white. per 12 garments. Merino, natural, 50 per cent wool, per 12 gar- Per contof increase de- ( - ) compared with preceding, $ (J) G January... February March... April... May $ ) * ( $ July... August September. October November.. December Price unchanged. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

180 180 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Underwear. Women s dress goods: all wool. Year or Shirts and merino, white, lull-fashioned, 52 percent wool,48 percent cotton, 24-gauge, 12 garments. Shirts and drawers, merino, white, 60 per cent wool, ^ g a r ments. Union suits, merino, natural, 40 per cent wool, light weight, 12 suits. ofin- <+) or with year or twill. 38- inch, Atlantic Mills J, per yard. Cashmere. 8-9 twill. 35- inch, Atlantic Mills, per yard. of in- with mg, $15.57 $ $ $ $ January... February.., March.... April... May July... August... September.. October November.. December i Price unchanged.

181 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Women's dress goods. All wool. Cotton warp. Year or Franklin sackings, 54-inch, yard. Panama cloth, 54-inch, yard. Storm serge, double warp, 50-inch, yard. Per cent (+ ) r Cashmere: Atlantic Mills F. per yard. Per cent ( - ) compared, $ $ ) $ (I> o $ ) January... February.. March... April... May July... August... September. October November.. December i Price unchanged.

182 182 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e DU-AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Women s dress goods: cotton warp. Year or 27-inch, Hamilton, per yard. Cashmere. 36-inch, TTfl.milton, per yard. Per cent i +) decra or Cashmere, 22-inch, Hamilton, per yard. Poplar cloth, worsted filling, 36-inch, yard. Por cent (+ )o r ( - ) compared, $ $ , a. * , (,U» $ (,i > $ P January... February March... April... May f S C2. 18C T July... August... September. October----- November., December i Price unchanged.

183 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 183 T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Women s dress goods: cotton warp. Wool: Ohio, fine fleece (X and X X grades), scoured. Year or Alpaca, 22-inch, Hamilton, per yard. Danish cloth, worsted filling, 22-inch, yard. Sicilian doth, 50-inch, yard. ofin- with preyear or pound. Per cent of in- < + )or withpreceding, $ $ \« SO I} $ A < (:\ January... February March... April... May J u ly... August. Septemb< October. November. December ? ) 1 Price unchanged.

184 184 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Wool: Ohio, medium fleece (} and grades), scoured. Worsted yams. Year or per pound. Per cent of increase de- ( - ) compared with preceding 2-40s, Australian fine, per pound. Per cent of increase < -) compared with preceding 2-40S, X X X and X XX X, per pound. 2-32s, crossbred stock, per pound. Relar tive Per cent of increase (+ )o r ( - ) compared with preceding, $ , , 1911., 1912., 1913., January... February March... April... May July----- August.. October.. November. December C1) : L:3 : ; ! ! o $ S io.oooo i (») I (J) i (i) ) (i) ) (') <l? <*> ) ) <*> ) <l) Price unchanged.

185 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 185 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Alcohol: denatured, 180 proof. Candles: adamantine, 6s, 14-ounce. Coal: anthracite, broken. Year or ofin- pound. of in- long ton. of in-, $ , 1907., 1908., 1909., , 1912., 1913., January... February... March... April... May July... August... September.. October November.. December (*) * (2) (2) 1 Price unchanged. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 3 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

186 186 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Coal: anthracite. Chestnut. Egg. Stove. Year or per long ton. Relap tive per long ton. prioe. per long ton. withjpreceding, $ $ * % ** ^ ) ) ) ) ) 4.822S ) ^ 'S ) ) ( ) > :; ) * ! *3^ > i ) <*> January February i (2) (2) March April May July August September H 1.9 October November ) December i Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent* * Price unchanged.

187 WHOLESALE PBIOES, 1890 TO 187 T a b le I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Coal: bituminous. Coal: semibituminous. Year or Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh run of (Youghio- mine, gheney),at f. o. b. Cincinnati, Cincinnati, bushel. prico per short ton. Per cent ( + ) or ( ) compared Georges Creek (at mine), long ton. New River, f. o. b. Cincinnati, short ton. Per cent (+ )o r ( ) compared, , $ C ) W January... February... March... April... May $ ) $ July... August... September. October November.. December i Price unchanged.

188 188 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Coal.*semibituminous. Coke: Connellsville, furnace. Year and Georges Creek, f. o. b. New York Harbor, long ton. Pocahontas, f. o. b. Norfolk, Va., long ton. Per cent (+ )o r ( - ) compared short ton. Per cent (+ )o r ( ) compared, January.... February March... April... May July... August... September..., October... November... December $ S ) (1) («) ) ) (I) (>) (1) (1\ ) ; ) ) (!) ) *Price unchanged.

189 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 189 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Gasoline (naphtha): auto. Matches. Petroleum: crude. Year or month per gallon. Relar tive Ter cent of increase ( - ) compared with preceding year o r! ; Parlor, domestic, per 144 boxes. i Globe No. 1, per 144 ooxes. Per cent of increase ( - ) compared with preceding per barrel. Relar tive Per cent of increase ( - ) compared with preceding, , $ $ , v C i ! : i C j ! i SO i January... February... March... April... May j.9500 J J.9500.! July... August... September. October November.. December Price unchanged. 3 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

190 190 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Petroleum. Year or per gallon. Refined: for export. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding Refined: 150 fire test, water-white. gallon. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding, :0879 9a ) « January February m m March (ii ) (v m (i) (i) ) (») (*) A ugust (n September ) (1/ October ) rii November (i) Decomber ) «i Price unchanged.

191 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T able II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Augers. Axes. Year or f-inch, each. Extra, 1-inch, each. Regular, 1-inch, each. of increase (+ )o r ( - ) compared with preceding year or M.C.O. Yankee, each. Essex, per dozen. Per cent of increase ( + ) or with preceding year or, $0.4693, O) ) ) ) $ $ ) ) January February O) O) March C1) O) April a 5 O) ) May O) June ) ) Julv ) August (1) September ) ) October m 10.80C m November m ) December m O) i Price unchanged.

192 192 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Bar iron. Year or Best refined, from store (Philadelphia market). pound. Per cent of increase (+ )o r ( - ) fined, aver Best re compared age year per pound. or From mill (Pittsburgh market). Common, pound. Per cent of increase ( - ) compared year or, SO $ < January... February... March... April... May July... August... September. October... November.. December sl ) 0 ) : ) ) Price unchanged.

193 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Butts. Chisels: socket firmer. Year or Loosejoint, cast, 3 by 3 inch, pair. Loosepin, wrought steel, 3$ by 3} mch, pair. Loosepin, wrought.steel, 3ib y3 * inch, dozen pairs. Per cent ( + ) or ( - ) compared with preceding Extra, 1-inch, each. Regular, 1-inch, each. Per cent ot increase k(+ )o r ( - ) compared with preceding, $ $ ) ) ) > ) ) ) <J> $ ) $ ) ) ).2500 $6.* (l) ) (*) Tannery February m /i\ March /n m April... ' (l) )lj May m m ) m July (1) ) August ) September (l) C1) October ) (ij November ) ) December ) I1) 3889 Bull Price unchanged.

194 194 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e H. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Copper. Ingot. Sheet: hot rolled (base sizes). Wire: bare. Year or Lake, per pound. Electrolytic, per pound. Per cent of increase de- ( - ) compared with preceding per pound. Per cent of de- < -) compared with preceding per pound. Per cent of increase de- < - ) compared with preceding A v e r a g e, $ $ $ P lfi p P ^ A & * $ * lf ) January... February..., March... April.... May July... August... September. October November.. December ) J'L leoo Price unchanged.

195 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1800 TO T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Door? nobs: steel, bronze-plated. Files: 8-inch mill, bastard. Tammers: Maydole, No. 11. Year or Per cent of increase < - ) compared per dozen. with preceding year or Per cent of increase ( - > compared with preceding year or each. per dozen. Per cent of increase ( - ) compared with preceding year or, $ $ $ I ( January... February... March... April... May July... August... September... October... November... December WOO ) * ) ) f ) ) O) -.3 0) A $l> h $ S I2i) S ) ) ) 0) i l) 8 ( ) ( )» Price unchanged.

196 196 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e O AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Iron ore: Mesabi Bessemer. Lead: pig* Lead pipe. Year or Der long ton. ( + ) or pound. per withprepounds.. ofin- ( + ) or, $ $ , , $ o : o: January... February March... April... May July... August... September. October November.. December ) (r * o; e! n ( (i< (i (i; <2) (1 « <2) » No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

197 WHOLESALE PRICES, T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Locks: common mortise. Nails: 8-penny, fence and common. Cut. Wire. Year or each. ( + ) or 100 pounds. 100 pounds ) ) (1) ) e * ) & 9 0 ) January February (n **+*6.6" March iii ) April ) May ?i) ) ) (1) July P) August ) September ) V October (ll ) November ) (ll ) December ) Price unchanged.

198 198 BULLETIN- OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Pig iron. Year or per long ton. Bessemer. ( - ) compared with preceding Foundry No. 1, per long ton. Basic, per long ton. ( + ) or < -) compared with ing per long ton. Foundry No. 2, northern. ( + ) or < - ) compared with preceding, $ $ $ , 1892., i : ' , ' * : i; ; I +14.8: = ! $ January... February March... April... May July... August September. October November.. December ' i 0,. ( ) i Price unchanged.

199 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 199 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Pig iron. Pipe: cast-iron. Planes: jack-planes. Year or Gray forge, southern, coke, per long ton. Foundry No. 2, southern, per long ton. Per cent of in- (t ) or ( - ) comwith preceding F.o.b. New York, per snort ton. Per cent of in- ( + ) orde- ( - ) compared with preceding Bailey No. 5, each. Sargent No. 414, each. Per cent of in- (+A> or ( - ) compared with preceding, $ January... February... March... April... May July... August... September. October November.. December C « m , " $ $ : ; I (*) 8-1<X6 $ r P $ O) a ) ) 0> (>) 1 Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

200 200 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABO R S T A T IS T IC S. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Saws. Quicksilver. Crosscut: Disston, No. 2. Hand: Disston. Year or per pound. ( + ) or ( - ) compared with preceding Aver each. ( + )o r ( - ) compared with preceding No. 7, 26-inch, per dozen. No. 8, 26-inch, s :ewback, per dozen. Relar tive of in- ( - ) compared with preceding, $ $12, m o m o ) O) 0) m o January... February... March... April... May July... August... September. October November.. December <«) ) X X j ' u i. i ; j 111.1! !$ ! f, 8 O) ) 0)» Trice unchanged.

201 W H O L E S A L E P B IC E S, 1890 TO 201 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Shovels: Aines, No. 2. Silver: bar, fine. Steel: billets. Year or dozen. ounce. Averaee long ton., $ $ $ ) ) ) ) ) ) a D ) ; ! !i (*) ii i ; 20.C Tn.niia.ry ' February <*> i! March ([) <0 April a May (i) ) July ) August (*) September October (l) November' C December ) i Price unchanged. * Less than one-tenth of 1per cent. * No quotation for

202 202 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Steel. Plates: tank. Rails: Bessemer. Rails: open-hearth. Year or Onefourth inch thick, pound. Percenl pound. ( )C3m- parcd pound. ( - ; compared monvn., $ i i (') O)...! ) ) 10J ! 19J M 19.J (1) / \ ) ) C1) $ (*) ) $ (2) ).0134 > ) 0 ) January (*) G (2) February (*) (!).0135 (2) O) March (*) 0) (l) ) April (*) ).0134 (*) -0.7 May (*) (l).0134 (2\ CM (*) ).0134 (2) w July (2) 0) (1).0134 (2) (l) August (2) 0) ).0134 <2) \ / September (*) ).0134 (*) (1) October (2) G134 (2) 0) November (*) M.0134 (*) i1) V/ December W O).0134 (2) 0) i Price unchanged. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

203 W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S, 1890 TO 203 T a b l e EL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACIT YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Sheets: black, No. 27. Steel. Structural. Tin: pig. Year or pound. pound. pound. of in- (+ )o r, $ m o > M C ICO $ * January... February... March... April... May July... August... September. October November.. December (*) (3) <3) <*) ( i s _( l « * C If (3) for the period, July, 1894, to December, * Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

204 204 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Tin plate: domestic. Trowels: brick, 10 -inch. Year or Coke, at New York, 10 pounds. Coke, f. o. b. Pittsburgh, pounds. Per cent ( ) compared M.C.O., each. Johnson s, dozen. Per cent ( ) compared, i* * S January... February----- March... April... May July... August. September. October November. December & ' * for * Price unchanged.

205 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 205 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Metals and metal products. Vises: solid box, 50-pound. Barbed, galvanized. Wire: fence. Plain, annealed. Year or Firm No. 1, each. Firm No. 2, each. Per cent of increase F. o. b. Chior de cago, crease aver ( - ) age com pared per with 100 Pre pounds. ceding Per cent of increase <+) or < -) compared with preceding Nos. Oto 9, f. o. b. Pittsburgh, per 100 pounds. Per cent of increase (t ) orde- < -) compared with preceding, $ / i t ) $ January... February March... April... May , <11 0) <2) (2) (2) July... August----- September. October November. December ) Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

206 206 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914-Continued. Metals and metal products. Wood screws: 1-inch, No. 10, flat head. Sheet. Zinc. Spelter (pig). Year or gross. _(+) r ( Com pared 100 : pounds. pound. ( - ) compared, $ *5.8112! * ) ) $ ) : To.nna.ry February f t March ) ) April f t May f t f t ) ) July f t August ) ) September October ) ) November ) December ) i: &3 i Price unchanged.

207 WHOLESALE PBICES* 1890 TO 207 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Brick: Common. Red: Cincinnati. Red: domestic. New York. Year or M. Salmon: run of kiln, Chicago. ( + )o r, M., $ & $ ) $ O) ) ) January O) February ) I1! ( i ) March... (*) m (S) April... <8) I 1! (a) May... (3) I1! (*/ ) m (i) (*) July (*) (1) August (M (*) a 9 September (*) I1) (3) October O) ) (S) November M\ + («) )]\ (*) i \ 3 December I1) (1) <*) (!) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * No quotation for * Price unchanged. «Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.

208 208 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Cement. Portland: domestic. Rosendale. Year or barrel. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( - ) compared with preceding barrel. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( ) comps ired with preceding, ) $ G ( 2) \ 2/ (2) January February (2) (2) March (2) (2) April (2) (2) May I2) (2) (2) G July (2) August <2) September m October *1 November (2) *1 December <*) (2) 1 for Price unchanged.

209 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 XO 209 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Doors: white pine, 2 feet 8 inches by 6 feet 8 inches. Year or Unmolded, U inches thick (Buffalo market), per door. Western, If inches thick, 5-panel,No.l, O. G. (Buffalo market), per door. Western, If inches thick. 5-panel, No. 1, O. G. (Chicago market), per door. Western, lj} inches thick, 4-panel, No. 2, 0. G. (Chicago market), per door. Per cent of increase ( ) compared year or, $ (,)-, $ $i.8i $ January February... March O) April May O) O) July August f O) September ) October November ) December (>) 3889 Bull Price unchanged.

210 210 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. C*lass: plate. Polished, area 3 to 5 square feet. Folished, area 5 to 10 square feet. Year or Unsilvered, sq, Glazing, ^per Per cent of in- ( ) compared withprecedmg Unsilvered, ^per Glazing, ^er Per cent of in- ( + ) or ( )com~ pared, $ $ ) $ $ January... February... March... April... May July... August... September. October November., December * Price unchanged.

211 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 211 T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Glass: window. American, single, AA, 25- inch, 6 by 8 to 10 by 15 inches. American, single, B, 25- inch, 6 Dy 8 to 10 by 15 inches. Lath: eastern spruce, lj-inch slab. Year or 50 sq.ft. of in- 50 sq. ft. ivith preceding, $ $ January... February... March... April... May <2) $ July... August... September... October. L... November... December * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * No quotation for * Price unchanged.

212 212 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1800 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Lumber. Lime: common. Douglas fir: No. 1, common. Douglas fir: No. 2 and better, drop siding. Year or of in of in crease crease Rela Avorage Rela Relar tive ( ) com tive ( ) com live ( - ) combarrel. pared M feet. pared with pre with pre M feet. pared ceding ceding, O) i i i! i! : s !! 19 JI i !...i i i ') :! !... i (i) O) i : $ (*) SI (*) w w January (2) (2) February ) (2) 0) (2) March (l) (2) (2) 0 ) April ) (2) (2) 0 ) May ) (2) 0) (2) C1) (2) 0 ) (2) 0) July (2) 0 ) <2) August ) (2) (2) 0) September (2) (2) October ) (2) <2) 0) November O) (2) 0) <2) December < > <2) (2) (l)» Price unchanged. 8 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

213 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 213 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Lumber. Hemlock. Maple: hard. Oak: white, plain. Year or M feet..(+ ) r ( ) compared M feet. ( ) compared M feet. ( ) compared, $ $ $ ) ( ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) January February ) ) ) March (i) ) ) April (i) ) ) May ( ) ) ) ) ) July ) ) August ) September (I) ) ) October (1) ) ) November (1) ) ) Decomber (0 3S ) » Price unchanged.

214 214 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Lumber. Year or M feet. Oak: white, quartered. Per cent of ( ) compared year or Buffalo market, M feet. Pine: white, boards, No. 2 bam. New Yorkmarket, M feet. Per cent of increase ( ) compared year or, $ $ i i 2 m $ January... February... March... April... May (*) July... August... September... October... November... December Price unchanged. * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.

215 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1800 TO 215 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Lumber. Pine: white, boards, uppers. Pine: yellow, flooring. Pine: yellow, siding. Year or Buffalo market, per M feet. New York market, per M feet. Per cent of in- <+) or de- ( - ) compared with preceding year or perm feet. Per cent of Kir n or ( - ) compared with preceding year or per M feet. Per cent ( - ) compared with preceding year or, $ A $ ) $ ) January... February... March... April... May July... August... September. October November. December <*) * Price unchanged. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

216 216 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Lumber. Paint materials. Poplar. Spruce. Lead, carbonatc of (white lead): American, in oil. Year or M feet. M feet. pound. (+ ) 01- ( - ) compared, $ $ $ (*) ;) S ? ) (*) January February ) ) ) March ) (i) April ) ) (i) May ) 06* o ) ) ) July ) (i\ <0 August ) (v September (i) October ) (i) ) November ) ) ) December ( ) (0 * Price unchanged.

217 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 217 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Paint materials. Linseed oil: raw. Turpentine, spirits of. Zinc, oxide of (zinc white). Year or gallon. gallon. (+ ) r pound. ( + ) or ( ) compared A v e r a g e, $ $ <*> O) * ) January February ) n\ March (l) April (i) May rn ) July ) August (J) September October (lj November (1) December ) 1Price unchanged.

218 218 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACIt YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Putty. Rosin: common to good, strained. Shingles: cypress, 16 inches long. Year or pound..(+ ) r barrel. ( + ) or ( )cdm- pricoper pared per M. willi preceding ol increase, $ $ $ (l) O) b) S C ) January... February... March... April... May b) ) 0 ) b) i C C >6.7 July... August... September... October... November... December ) i Price unchanged.

219 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 219 T able II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Shingles. Tar. Year or White pine, 18 inches long, per Jf. Michigan white pine, 16 inches long, perm. Red cedar, 16 inches long, perm. Per cent (+ ) or ( ) compared barrel. Per cent (+ ) or ( ) compared withpreceding, $ $ l-i S " ^ * : & $ ) 1«K I S1.G j i !...! i January February March ) sw. April ) ) May ) July ) August ) September October November December... ; i Price unchanged.

220 220 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LAB OH STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Drugs and chemicals. firain. Alcohol. Wood: refined, 95 per cent. Alum: lump. Year or gallon. ( + )or ( ) compared gallon. ol increase _(+) or ( ) compared pound. ( + ) or, $ $ $ S m s S ) ) ) ) ) O) ( ) ) ) < ) ) January February ) March ) ) April ) ) <l) May ) ) ) ) ) ) July <l) ) August (l) ) September October ) November ) ) December ) ) ) * l'rioe imcliunged.

221 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 19U. 221 Taple II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Drugs and chemicals. Borax: crystals. Glycerin: refined. Muriatic acid: 20. Year or pound. pound. with pre- of inyear or Relar tive pound, of in- of in- withpreceding, $ January... February... March... April.... May $ (2>.0375 <*).0375.<*).0375 (*).0375 (2).0375 (2).0375 (2).0375 (2) 0) O) oieo ) <lk« July... August... September.. October November.. December <*).0375 (2).0375 (2).0375 (2).0375 (2).0375 (*) i Price unchanged. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

222 222 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Drugs and chemicals. Opium: natural, in cases. Quinine: American. Year or pound. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with preceding ounce. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding, $ $ * ) Jc Feb. y m March:.: April M May... : v ) (v July (*) August (!) September... (2) October M November ) December i Price unchanged. 8 No quotation for

223 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 223 T a b le IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Drugs and chemicals. Sulphur (brimstone): stick, crude. Sulphuric acid: 66, Year or >rice per ong ton. { Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with preceding pound. prioe. Per cent of increase (4-) or ( Com pared with preceding, ) $ , ' ) ) ) January... February March... April... May July... August... September. October November., December * Price unchanged.

224 224 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU 01' LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1800 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Earthenware. Tlatcs: cream colored. Plates: white granite. Teacups and saucers: white granite. Year or per dozen. Per cent of increase ( - ) compared with preceding per dozen. Per cent of increase ( - ) compared with preceding per gross (6 dozen cups and 6 dozen saucers). per dozen cups and saucers. Per cent of increase (+ )o r ( - ) compared with preceding, $ $ $ ) ) ) <l) pi « < ) m o S. 0) +.8 ( ) (1) ) S ) 0 ) 0) 0) +.8 0) +.3 0) TO $ January... February... March... April... May C July... August September. October November., December i Price unchanged.

225 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 225 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Furniture. Bedroom sets. Chairs: bedroom. Year or Ash, in New York, per set. Iron bedstead, hardwood and washstand, in New York, per set. Iron bedstead, hardwood and stand, in Chicago, per set. Per cent of increase ( - ) compared with preceding Maple, cane seat, in New York, per dozen. Oak rocker, in Chicago, per Per cent of increase ( - ) com* pared with preceding, $ $ S a (!) <>) (l) <l) }» i $ ) ) January... February... March... April... M a y $ $ ('). July... August... September. Octobcr November.. December *Pricc unchanged. 3SS9 Bull

226 226 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Furniture. Chairs: kitchen. Tables: kitchen. Year or Common spindle, in New York, dozen. Hardwood, bow back, in Chicago, Per cent 3Hoot, in New York, dozen. Hardwood base, 24 by 42 inches, in Chicago, table. Per cent ( ) compared, $ $ , 1894., ) ) !) (* SO SI iiil January... February March... April... May July... August... September. October November.. December Price unchanged.

227 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 227 Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Glassware. Nappies: 4-inch. Pitchers: ^-gallon, common. Tumblers: H>int, common. Year or dozen. (+ )o r dozen. (+ )o r dozen. wuhjprecedmg, $ $ $ (i) M rl) (1) b) P> ) ) O) (») b) I1) ) b) ) ) ) ) p> O) O) \l> (l> b) b) ) ll) b) O) January.' February m rn March ii) fl) fii April (i) f 1) iii May (*) b) v ) w ) C1) July n\ m m August (v (v ?i September ?ii v7 October v ) in ill Novembor (1) (i) ill December b) ) (*) i Price unchanged.

228 228 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR,-1880 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Table cutlery. Year or pair. Carvers: stag handles. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with preceding Knives and forks: cocobolo handles. gross. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding, $ $ ) (V) ) o (l) ) ) ) ) ) P) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) « ) ) ) ) ) (!) January S February ) m March ) (i) April ) (i) May ) (i) ) ) July ) ) August ) ) September October ) November ) ) December ) i Price unchanged.

229 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 *T0 229 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Wooden ware. Year or dozen. Pails: oak-grained. Per cent of increase (+ ) or ( ) compared with preceding nest of 3. Tubs: oak-grained. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( ) compared with preceding, $ (i) (i) (O <*) <*> < ) ) ) ) lia s ) <*> l i a s m January February (i\ March (v ) April m 7 w ) May a 7 (1/ a 7 0 ) W July a 7 m ) August isa ) September a 7 v) October (ll ) November (1) December ) w >Trice unchanged.

230 230 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1014, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Miscellaneous. Beer: western, light or dark. Cottonseed meal: prime. Cottonseed oil: summer yellow, prime. Year or pnee per barrel. (+ )o r ( - ) compared with preceding per snort ton. of in- ( - ) compared with preceding per gallon. per pound. ( - ) compared with preceding, $ $ S , January... February... March... April... May July... August... September. October November., December.. $ O) (l)...j ! i : i (*) ) <*) (*) $ * No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

231 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO 231 T a b le IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Miscellaneous. Jute. Lubricating oil: paraffin. Malt: standard keg beer. Year or Raw, per pound. Raw, M- double triangle, per pound. P r cent of ( - ) compared with preceding per gallon. Per cent of ( - ) compared witn preceding per bushel. Per cent of increase ( - ) compared with preceding, $ $ $ , 1907., 1908., 1909., $ January... February... March... April... May July... August... September. October November.. December < * (*) Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

232 232 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Miscellaneous. News. Paper. Wrapping: manila. i rooi i>piriis* Year or of in of in crease crease ( + ) or (+ )o r Rela Rela Rela tive ( ) com tive ( - ) com tive ( ) compound. pared pound. pared with pre- with pregallon. pared. ceding ceding, $ $ $ ) a ) ) * ' ! ; : j I : : j ! ) ) ) January February m ) ) March ) ) ) April (i) ) ) May (1) ) ) ) ) ) July (i\ ) ) August (ij ) September (*) October v ) <l) November (1) ) ) December (!) ) ) 1Price unchanged.

233 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 233 T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Miscellaneous. Rope: manila, base size and larger. Rubber: Para island. Soap: laundry. fear or pound. _(+) r pound. (+) or wlthprecedrng box of 100 bars (75 pounds). of in- ( + ) or, $ $ January... February March... April... May (2). n (,U $ O) 0) <2) July... August... September. October November.. December (-) o No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

234 234 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Miscellaneous. Soap. Laundry. Toilet. Starch: laundry. Year or A v e r a g e p r ic e p «r box of 72 h o r s (00 p o u n d s ). Rela ( - ) tive com pared with preceding Castile, mottled, p u r e, puce per pound. Perfumed, 4 oz. cakes, per gross. ( - ) compared with preceding per pound. of in- ( - ) compared with preceding, ) $ :.0550 J.0558 ;.0013 j ' i j $ ) ) 0 ) I.. 0G50 j ;..0700! i ) January... February March... A p r i l... May July... August... September. October November., December i.... 0S40! S ;$3.90G0... j ) i ) O) 0) (, l) 0 ) 1Price unchanged. * No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37.

235 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 235 T ablts II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Miscellaneous. Tobacco. Plug. Smoking: granulated, 1-ounce bags. Year or m ounces to the Plug, pound. 12 pieces to the pound, pound. Per cent Seal of North Carolina, pound. Seal of North Carolina, gross of Blackwell s Bull Durham, gross of Per cent of in-, $ $ G $ $ $ January... February March... April... May July... August... September.. October November.. December i (l) 0) ) 0) 0) i Price unchanged.

236 236 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b lf. II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Miscellaneous. Whisky. Bourbon: straight, 4 years in bond, in barrels. Bourbon: straight, bottled in bond. Rye: straight, 4 years in bond, in barrels. Year or F. o. b. at distillery in Kentucky, gallon. F. o. b. at distillery in Kentucky, case of 12 quarts. (+ )o r withprecedmg F.o.b. at distillery in Illinois, gallon. For cent ( + ) or, i !... i... i ! 1! J j i i i ! i i j j i...!... i...! i... i!...!... s.;; ,...!...! ! !... i... i !... j...!... S ! 1 i : i i $ ) $ ) $1,5354 (i) V ) (2) ) <*) ) +1.6 January ) ) ) February ) (2) ) (*) ) <*) March ) (2) O) (2) ) (2) April (») (2) (l) (2) ) (2) May ) (2) ) (2) O) (*) ) (2) ) (2) (*) <*> July ) (2) ) (2) ) (2) August o j (2) <2) (l) September (2) v ) (2) ) (2) Octobcr ) <2) (ll <*> ) (2) November ) (2) ) (2) ) (2) December ) (2) ) (2) ) (2)» No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

237 W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S, 1890 TO 237 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Continued. Miscellaneous. Whisky. Rye: straight, 4 years in bond, m barrels. Rye: straight, bottled in bond. Rye: straight, bottled in bond. Year or F. o. b. at distillery in Pennsylvania, gallon. F. o. b. at distillery in Illinois, case of 12 quarts. (+ )o r F. o. b. at distillery in Pennsylvania, case oi 12 quarts. (+ )o r ( - ) compared, ! $ O) $ P) $ O) ) ) <2) ) -4.1 January (*) O) February (2) ) (2) (1) March ) (2) ) <2) m (2. e April ) (2) ) (2) (i) -1.2 May O) (2) ) (2) /i\!r J ) (2) ) (2) (!) 8 July ) <2) (2) August (l) (2) L * September ) (2) (i) (2) ) (2) October ) (2) O) (2) (i) (2) November O) (2) n\ (2) ) <2) December (>) (2) /n (2) O) (2) 1No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * Price unchanged.

238 238 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e IL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1914, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1914 Concluded. Miscellaneous. Wood pulp: sulphite, domestic, unbleached. Year or 100 pounds. Per cent of increase (+ ) or doorcase ( ) compared with preceding, $ ) (l) Tfl.nna.ry ) February ) April ) (2) May ) (2) ) ) <2) September October V) November ll) (2) December ) (2)» No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 37. * Price unchanged.

239 APPENDIXES. APPENDIX I. INDEX NUMBERS OP WHOLESALE PRICES COMPILED BY THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. The Bureau of Labor Statistics has published annually since 1902 a bulletin dealing with wholesale s. Even before the establishment of the regular annual series of wholesale- bulletins the significance and importance of accurate wholesale- statistics had been realized by those in charge of the labor statistics of the United States Government. The tabulating of the wholesale- statistics embodied in the Report of the United States Senate Finance Committee on Wholesale Prices, Wages, and Transportation was carried out largely by the then Department of Labor. In 1900 this department published Bulletin No. 27, in which were given wholesale- statistics for the period , and in 1902 the task of systematically gathering, tabulating, and publishing such information each year was begun. To facilitate the study of changes, the actual money s of the commodities were converted into relative s, and these relative s were combined into index numbers of groups of commodities and into a general index number of all commodities taken together. To make the discussion of relative s and index numbers understandable, definitions of these terms must be agreed upon. The relative of a commodity is the percentage which its money for a given year, month, or day is of its money at some period taken as the base period from which fluctuations are to be measured. The relative of any commodity is necessarily 100 for the base period. If the relative s of two or more commodities are d, or if the money s of the commodities are summed and a relative calculated for the sum, the or the combined relative thus obtained is called an index number or index. Heretofore, in the construction of all relative s and index numbers, this bureau has taken the of each commodity for the period as the base, or 100. Consequently the 1910 relative of barley (151.7), for example, shows what percentage the 1910 is of the of barley for the period

240 240 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. To one who has never struggled with the difficulties of statistics nothing would seem simpler than the gathering of quotations, the converting of these money s into relative s, and the combining of these relative s into group index numbers and general index numbers. In reality, to get quotations that are sufficiently accurate to be dependable is one of the most exacting and difficult tasks that the statistician can undertake. This bureau has ever recognized that statistical material is even more important than statistical methods. The textbooks and formal treatises on statistics usually take the statistical material for granted and devote the entire statement and exposition to discussing the merits and shortcomings of various statistical methods. Important, and even necessary, as it is, in the construction of an index number to weigh carefully the relative merits and defects of the geometric mean, the arithmetic, the median, and the mode, as the best means of interpreting the particular set of facts to be presented, it is even more necessary to get correct s of accurately defined articles that are truly representative of the trade conditions. Groat care has been exercised in the collecting of the wholesale s published in the bulletins of this bureau. It is believed that the s of those commodities which have been carried throughout the period covered by the bureau s studies are fairly comparable. An article, such as coffee, for which s are given throughout the period is as nearly identical as possible in 1890 and in Where new articles have been introduced by substitution, it is believed that the substituted articles represent in general the same demand which was formerly met by the discontinued articles. The relative s consequently show the percentage fluctuations in the s of practically identical articles or articles that represent the same trade demand throughout the period covered by the wholcsale- studies. Unless the s of practically identical or truly representative articles are obtained, the quotations and the relative s calculated therefrom would be meaningless and misleading. From time to time the list of commodities has been revised by dropping out insignificant or unrepresentative articles, or articles for which reliable s can no longer be obtained, by substituting for an article of declining importance the article which most nearly supplies its place, and by adding new articles whenever such articles attain sufficient importance and satisfactory quotations can be secured. For example, nutmegs were dropped in 1908 because they were insignificant in the economy of the people. The quotations were dependable, but a rise or fall in the of nutmegs had no importance. Cut nails have been dropped from the wholesale- index for 1914 because the production and sale of cut nails

241 APPENDIXES. 241 have declined so much that changes in their s are no longer of sufficient importance to influence the general wholesale- index. In 1904 Danish cloth was substituted for alpaca, and in 1907 Sicilian cloth was substituted for Danish cloth, in order to represent the kind of women s dress goods most in demand at these different periods of time. Eleven new commodities were added to the list.in 1908, 2 of which have since been discontinued, while 90 additional series have been included in the present bulletin to give a fairer and more complete idea of fluctuations. A complete change in the methods of constructing index numbers of wages, hours of labor, and s has recently been effected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Beginning with Bulletin No. 143, on union scale of wages and hours of labor, all index numbers of wages and hours of labor have been constructed by calculating the relatives of hourly rates of wages and relatives of weekly hours of labor in the industries included in the bureau s wage studies, instead of by averaging relative rates of wages and relative weekly hours existing in the several occupations of each industry. (See Bulletins Nos. 150, 153, 154, and 163 for detailed explanations of the old and new methods of constructing index numbers of wages and hours of labor.) The same change in method was carried out in 1914 in the construction of retail- indexes. Owing to the large amount of labor necessary to recalculate the retail- index numbers, the publication of the bimonthly retail- bulletins was suspended during 1914, and all retail- changes for the entire year were treated in a single bulletin. (SeeBulletinNo. 156 for the detailed explanation of the old and new methods and the reasons for making the change in the method of constructing the retail- index numbers.) In this bulletin the new method of constructing index numbers is applied to wholesale s, so that all index numbers now published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics are constructed by the new method and upon the last completed year as the base. In order to put clearly before the reader exactly what changes have been made in the method of constructing the wholesale- index numbers and in the base period, and why these changes were decided upon, it is necessary to describe the old and new methods in detail. In the study of wholesale s made in 1902, the of each commodity was calculated for the period , if s could be obtained for that entire period. For those commodities for which s could be obtained for only a portion of the period , an was made for so much of the period as was covered by the data. For example, the s of domestic Bessemer tin plate

242 242 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. were obtained only as far back as Therefore the for the period was calculated and used as the base for this commodity. The s for , or such portion of this period as was covered by the data, were taken as the base s, or 100, for the purpose of constructing relative s for each commodity for each year from 1890 to Simple arithmetic s of these relative s were made for each year for each of the nine groups of commodities to obtain group index numbers. The simple arithmetic of the relative s of all commodities was made to obtain the general index number. This plan was followed without material change down to 1908 when, for the first time, new commodities were added to the wholesale- index. In every year from 1902 to the present changes have been made in the articles included in the wholesale list. Sometimes when the description of an article was changed without any appreciable change in the quality and consequently in the of the article the quotations of the article as newly described have been joined to the old series of s of the article to make a continuous series of quotations for the article. For example, the s of Burbank potatoes were quoted down to In that year the description of potatoes was expanded to include all kinds of white potatoes, good to fa]icy in grade, thus securing more dependable quotations throughout the year, because some variety of white potato is certain to be in market at all times, while the supply of Burbank potatoes may be very scant or fail entirely. There was no material difference in the of the two descriptions of potatoes, so it was not necessary to resort to the process of substituting the quotations of potatoes, white, good to fancy, for Burbank potatoes. When a new article differing in quality enough to show a considerable difference in has been introduced in the place of an article which has become obsolete or which is no longer representative, the s of the new article have been substituted for the s of the article dropped in the manner described below. For example, in 1904 Danish cloth at $ per yard was substituted for alpaca at $ per yard. The of alpaca for was $0.0680, therefore its relative inl904 was 112.4, i This relative of alpaca in 1904 was taken to represent the relative of Danish cloth in In 1905 the money of Danish cloth was $ This money was reduced to a relative for 1905 on the 1904 as a base, giving = This 1905 relative of Danish cloth calculated on its 1904 as the base was then multiplied by the 1904 relative of alpaca on the as the base in order to

243 APPENDIXES. 243 shift the 1905 relative to the base. This operation gives (102.2 X = 114.9) as the relative of Danish doth in This relative, 114.9, for Danish doth seems at first glance to mean that the of Danish cloth in 1905 was 14.9 per cent higher than its for the period But no wholesale- quotations for Danish doth were collected by the bureau for years prior to The relatives for alpaca, Danish cloth, and Sicilian cloth, forming one continuous series, are in reality relatives for women s cotton-warp dress goods of such quality as to meet the demands of people of moderate income for goods of this kind. The relative for Danish cloth (114.9) for 1905 necessarily involves the assumption that the qualities purchased in the form of Danish cloth were 14.9 per cent higher in 1905 than the same qualities purchased in the form of alpaca during the base period This method of substitution of one series for another was followed whenever s for both the old description of an article and its substitute could be obtained for the year when the substitution was made. A different method of substitution was followed in 1903 in the case of fancy worsted trouserings and white merino underwear, because the s of the old grades carried in 1902 could not be obtained for 1903, and the s of the substituted grades could not be obtained for The old grade of trouserings cost $1.98 per yard in 1902, the new grade cost $ in The manufacturer who furnished the quotations estimated that the difference of $ between the s in 1902 and 1903 was due one-half to the better quality of the new goods and one-half to the increased cost of materials and manufacture. Therefore one-half of $ was added to the of the old grade of trouserings to obtain a theoretical for the new trouserings in 1902 to serve as a base for computing the relative for 1903 on the 1902 base. This 1903 relative (102.8) was shifted to the base by the method above described; that is, it was multiplied by the 1902 relative on the base (101.8) giving as the 1903 relative on the base. For merino underwear the quotation secured for 1903 was $16.20 per dozen garments as against $14.85 per dozen for the kind quoted in The difference in of $1.35 per dozen was assumed to be entirely due to the superior quality of the goods quoted in 1903, therefore the 1902 relative of the former kind (95.4) was taken for the 1903 relative of the substituted garments. In 1908 nine artides in the cloths and dothing group and two in the food group were dropped, while four farm products, six food products, and one kind of lumber were added to the list of commodities used in constructing the wholesale- indexes. Articles had been

244 244 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. substituted and articles had been dropped before 1908, but then for the first time the bureau was confronted with the problem of including new commodities in the index number. Price quotations extending back to the base period were unobtainable for the newly introduced articles. The adoption of some method of calculating hypothetical relative s for the new commodities was necessary if the new commodities were to be introduced into the index number. The method adopted by the bureau may best be made clear by describing how the index number of a particular group was computed. Let us consider the farm products group. In this group horses, mules, live poultry, and Burley tobacco were included for the first time in Prices of these new articles were obtained for both 1907 and A relative for each of the 20 old and new articles included in the group was calculated for 1908 on the 1907 base. These relative s were added together and divided by 20, the number of commodities in the group, to get the simple arithmetic of the relative s of farm products in 1908 on the 1907 base. This group index'number was then multiplied by the 1907 index number computed on the money s of the 16 old articles to obtain the 1908 index number of farm products on the base. The 1907 money s of the articles added were not published and have not been preserved, so it is not possible to show the exact computations made to obtain the group index number for However, the same method has been used every year since 1908, so that the method can be illustrated just as well by the computations for 1909 given below: RELATIVE TRICES OF COMMODITIES IN 1909 COMPUTED ON ACTUAL PRICES IN 1908, AS BASE. (-ommodity relative on 1908 base. Commodity relative on 1908 base. Cotton Steers, choice Flaxseed Steers, good Barley Hogs, neavy Com Hogs, light Oats Wethers, native Wethers, western Wheat Poultry Hay Tobacco Hiaes Hods Total Horses Mules The group index number for 1909 on the 1908 base (114.99), multiplied by the group index number for 1908 on the base (133.1), gives 153.1, which was taken as the index number for farm products for 1909 on the base. The index numbers

245 APPENDIXES. 245 of the other groups and of all commodities combined were calculated by this method from 1908 on. DEFECTS OF THE OLD INDEX NUMBERS. The wholesale- index numbers constructed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in past years are s of individual relative s, and as such possess all the merits and defects of index numbers so constructed. In favor of index numbers made by averaging the relative s of individual commodities, it may be urged that a fairly satisfactory index of variations may be made in this way, whereas it would be a statistical absurdity to make index numbers for the different years from the yearly s of the actual money s of a ton of coal, a yard of calico, a hundredweight of live hogs, 144 boxes of matches, a pound of raw rubber, a gallon of turpentine, 50 square feet of window glass, a dozen cans of salmon, a barrel of petroleum, a yard of trouserings, a mule, a pair of boots, a bushel of beans, a thousand feet of pine lumber, a crosscut saw, a barrel of cement, a two-bushel bag, a thousand bricks, a ton of steel rails, a dozen teacups and a dozen saucers, a spool of thread, a pine door, a pound of cotton, a dozen cans of tomatoes, a pair of door knobs, a hundredweight of barbed wire, a hammer, a quintal of codfish, a set of bedroom furniture, a ton of brimstone, a dozen eggs, an apothecary s ounce of quinine, a barrel of salt, a dozen kitchen chairs, a pound of beef, a pair of cotton blankets, a nest of three oak-grained tubs, 100 pounds of onions, a carving set, a bushel of potatoes, a dozen pairs of socks, a three-quarter-inch auger, a barrel of herrings, a troy ounce of silver, a box of raisins, a ton of hay, a dozen undershirts, a quart of milk, a thousand shingles, a yard of broadcloth, a ton of cottonseed meal, a gross of wood screws, and a pound of plug tobacco. The bureau s index number is made up of more than 250 articles, similar to and including those named above. These articles are measured by more than 40 different unit3 of weight, length, area, cubical contents, and number. The absurdity of averaging actual s based on such incongruous units of measure should deter even the most reckless figurers from committing this statistical indiscretion.1 The experiment has been tried of converting more or less arbitrarily the s quoted per the various units of weight, length, superficial area, cubical contents, and number, into s per pound and of combining these s per pound into aggregates showing the cost per pound of a long list of articles. Probably this method of comparison was resorted to only because of the serious shortcomings in the method of averaging relatives in order to obtain a i See, however, Hunt s Merchants Magazine, vol. 48, p. 129, and vol. 50, p. 132, for an example of making s in this way.

246 246 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, measure for general fluctuations. An aggregate or an of s per pound of a large number of widely different commodities is an extremely untrustworthy and almost meaningless thing. It greatly exaggerates the effects of changes in the rare, costly, and relatively unimportant articles, like opium and silver, and correspondingly minimizes the importance of changes in common, cheap, and important articles, like coal, petroleum, and pig iron. It avoids the inaccuracies of the of relatives by committing much graver inaccuracies. Of course, if the commodities are weighted according to their importance either in consumption, production, or exchange, the criticism just made does not apply. The difficulty in obtaining any trustworthy figures for consumption, production, or exchange has prevented any widespread use of such quantities as weights in constructing index numbers. It is sometimes maintained that a simple, unweighted, arithmetic of individual commodity relative s is the best means of measuring changes in the general level of s. Those who champion this view are obliged to hold that a 5 per cent increase in the of wheat is of exactly equal significance to a 5 per cent increase in the of putty, where each is represented by a single quotation. Those who hold this view are seeking for a great universally acting cause, such as a change in the amount of money medium, which is supposed, other things being equal, to affect the of all commodities equally. Even supposing that, if there were no disturbing forces at work, a 10 per cent increase in the amount of money medium would cause a 10 per cent increase in the s of all commodities alike, it by no means follows that a simple of individual commodity relative s would give the best index of wholesale- movements. What is wanted in wholesaie- indexes as well as in retail- indexes is a measure for changes in the cost of a given bill of goods. A 5 per cent increase in the of wheat has an enormously greater effect upon the general level than an equal increase in the of putty. To give the proper influence upon the general level to each commodity, it is necessary to weight the money or the relative of each commodity according to its importance. Another objection to an index number made by averaging relative s of individual commodities is the impossibility of shifting the base of the index to any period desired. Few persons wish to know the percentage change in s in 1914 as compared to the s in Most users of index numbers wish to compare the changes in s between several different years or periods. This is especially true of more recent years. Perhaps it is desired to know changes from 1897 to 1903 or from 1900 to 1908 or from 1913 to

247 APPENDIXES. 247 Accurate comparisons of the years mentioned can not be made by means of an index number constructed by making a simple arithmetic of the relative s of individual commodities, for such an index number is tied irrevocably to its fixed base period. It can not be shifted to the 1907 base, for example, by dividing the several index numbers in the series by the 1907 index number. The only way this kind of an index number can be shifted is to look up the original quotations and reconstruct the index number from these data on the new base. On the other hand, an index number calculated by comparing aggregate expenditures may be shifted to any base without mathematical error. The table below gives for each of five articles for the years 1912 and 1913 the customary unit of measure, the unit, the reduced to the pound (avoirdupois) basis, the individual commodity relatives for 1913 on the 1912 base and for 1912 on the 1913 base, the estimated quantity of each article entering into exchange in the census year 1909, and the value of the given quantity of each article at the 1912 and at the 1913

248 248 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. ILLUSTRATIVE TABLE OF IN D EX NUMBERS Price. Price per pound (avoirdupois). Commodity. (1) Unit. (2) 1912 (3) i 1913 (4) 1912 (5) 1913 (6) Silver... Ounce, troy... SO $0.6A448 $ $ Opium... Pound, apothe cary. Coal (bituminous).. Petroleum (crude). Ton, long... Barrel, 42 gallons Pig iron... Ton, long G Total Index numbers for 1913 calculated on 1912 s as Reciprocals of 1913 indexes Index numbers for 1912 calculated or* s as

249 APPENDIXES. 249 COMPUTED FROM PRICES OF FIVE COMMODITIES on 1912 base. (7) 1912 on 1913 base. (8) Amount exchanged in 1909 (000omitted) used as weight. (9) Value in exchange (000 omitted) (10) 1913 (11) t,9C9 ounces... $93,412 $91, pounds... 3,494 2, ,083 long tons , , G4 1X3,171 barrels , , ,025 long tons , , ,400,163 1,536, SI

250 250 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Ia the third line from the bottom of the foregoing tablo are given four different index numbers, constructed in as many different ways, and all purporting to show the percentage change in tho combined s of the five commodities in 1913, using 1912 s as base s, or 100. The first index number, 98, is obtained by dividing the sum of the s per unit of the five commodities in 1913 by tho sum of the s per unit for 1912, the base year. This is the crudestand most inaccurate method of calculating an index number from aggregate money s. The aggregates obtained in this way are so meaningless and tho index number constructed therefrom is consequently so inaccurate and misleading as a measure of changes that no further comment is necessary. The second index, 92, is obtained by reducing the s of all the commodities to s per pound avoirdupois, summing these s for each year, and dividing the 1913 aggregate by the 1912 aggregate. This is the method of procedure employed by the compilers of Bradstreet s index, but in justice to Brads treot it must be noted that the higher d articles, such as silver and opium, are not included in that index. Slimming the s of articles, after reducing them to a pound avoirdupois basis, is not quite so meaningless as adding s per ounce troy, per pound apothecaries weight, per long ton, per barrel of 42 gallons, etc.: but in using a largo number of commodities the labor involved is great, the s per pound are necessarily inaccurate, and the resultant index number can not be a satisfactory measure of changes. The table shows that the of silver d 14.9 cents per pound from 1912 to 1913, approximately 2 per cent. During the same time the of petroleum advanced twenty-six one-hundredths of 1 cent per pound, or a little more than 55 per cent. No one can doubt that the increase of less than three-tenths of a cent per pound in the of petroleum was of immensely greater influence upon the general level than the in the pound of silver which was more than fifty-seven times as great in amount. In an index number constructed in this way, to offset the recorded in the money of silver would require an advance in the money of petroleum equal in amount, i. e., an advance from $ per pound to $ per pound, or an increase of nearly 3,177 per cent. Likewise the fall in pound of opium amounting to $ , or 15 per cent, would offset an equal increase in the money pound of coal, or an advance from $ to $ per pound, which is a percentage increase of 95,486 per cent. Unless the index number is limited to articles that have approximately equal s per pound, it is very clear that the aggregate of s per pound will give a very inaccurate and misleading index number.

251 APPENDIXES. 251 The third index number, 107, is made by striking the simple arithmetic of the relative s of each of the five articles in 1913 calculated on the 1912 s as 100. This is the method used by this bureau up to the present year. The merits and defects of this method have been stated above. The fourth and last index number appearing in this line, 110, is constructed by multiplying the of each commodity by the estimated quantity entering into exchange in 1909, as shown by figures from trustworthy sources, adding these values to obtain the aggregate value in exchange and dividing the 1913 aggregate by the 1912 aggregate to obtain the combined relative or index number. This is the method employed in calculating the new weighted index numbers for this bulletin. The economic importance of a given commodity in any year is very accurately expressed by the product of its and the quantity exchanged in a selected year. The index numbers made by comparing the aggregates of the values in exchange of all commodities measure as accurately as possible the actual changes in the level, i. e., the changes in the cost of a given bill of goods. In the example above it is submitted that the index number constructed in this way represents more accurately the relation of the 1913 s to the 1912 s of the five articles included than do the other index numbers given. It may be said that the several indexes, especially the third and fourth, differ but little, and that these differences would probably tend to disappear if a larger and more representative list of commodities exchanged at wholesale were studied. In the first place, a difference of three points between two index numbers in any year, calculated from s in contiguous years, is by no means a negligible difference* Secondly, while it is true that the larger and more representative the list of commodities taken is, the more closely will the index numbers made by different methods run together, yet the index numbers made for the very comprehensive list of commodities carried by the Bureau of Labor Statistics show quite appreciable differences. In the farm products group, for example, the difference between the old index and the new, reduced to a common basis of comparison, amounts in several instances to 10 points or over, a figure by no means insignificant. Besides reflecting changes more accurately, an index number constructed from weighted aggregates possesses the further advantage of being readily shiftable to any base period by dividing the series of index numbers through by the index number for the year it is desired to make the base year. By referring to the table again it will be seen that the index number made by striking the simple arithmetic of relative s can not be shifted

252 252 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. from the 1912 base to the 1913 base by dividing through by the index number for Division gives an index of 93, while recalculating the relatives gives an index of 97. For the other three indexes the shift in base can be made without error by division, the resulting index for 1912 being the same as if the index were recalculated with 1913 aggregates equal to 100. The greater accuracy of an index number made from aggregates representing the values of a certain bill of goods in exchange at the s prevailing at different times, together with its shifliability, makes it very desirable to construct index numbers by this method if possible. The hitherto insuperable difficulty has been the impossibility of getting acceptable data as to the quantities of the various commodities exchanged. This difficulty has now been overcome. By making use of every available source of information it has been possible to obtain very satisfactory figures showing the quantity exchanged in 1909 of each commodity of importance for which the bureau collects wholesale s. In the following pages the method adopted for calculating index numbers based on the aggregate value in exchange of the different commodities is briefly explained. EXPLANATION OF THE NEW METHOD OF CALCULATING INDEX NUMBERS FOR WHOLE- SALE PRICES. Iii computing the new series of index numbers of wholesale s for the years 1890 to 1914, the plan alluded to in the preceding pages of assigning to each commodity an importance equal to its value in exchange has been adopted. This figure is obtained by multiplying the in any year by the physical quantity of the article placed on the market in a given year, The latter year was selected because in it the last Federal census of agriculture and of manufactures was taken, and consequently it represents the latest period for which complete information is available. To obtain the quantities of the various commodities marketed in 1909, recourse has been had wherever possible to sources of an official character particularly to reports of the Census Bureau, the Department of Agriculture, the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, the Geological Survey, the Forest Service, and the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. In a few instances where satisfactory information from Government reports was lacking data believed to be authoritative have been obtained from nonofficial sources, such as the American Iron and Steel Institute, the National Association of Wool Manufacturers, produce exchanges, boards of trade, chambers of commerce, publishers of leading trade journals, etc. In the case of such articles as barley, com, oats, hay, live poultry, apples, eggs, and milk, of which a considerable part of the quantity

253 APPENDIXES. 253 produced is consumed at home by the farmer, care has been taken to include only that portion actuajly marketed. A similar plan has been followed with regard to cotton and worsted yarns, coal, copper wire, pig iron, steel billets, and other commodities used to a large extent in establishments where produced. Of cattle, hogs, and sheep, only the quantities consumed in the slaughtering and meat packing industry have been included, while the figures for the several kinds of meat products have been restricted to the output of this industry, with the addition of the relatively small amount of imports. For convenience in computation and to avoid the appearance of overrefinement of accuracy the physical quantities used as weights for the s of the different commodities have been expressed to the nearest thousands only. For example, it was found that the quantity of barley sold by growers in 1909, plus the imports, amounted to 75,300,538 bushels. This was written as 75,301. Similarly, the products representing value in exchange have been expressed in thousands of dollars. Thus, the of barley in 1914 was $ This multiplied by 75,301 (000 omitted) produces $46,318 (000 omitted) as the approximate value of barley exchanged in To illustrate the method followed in determining the weights for the different commodities, wheat is taken as an example. The Census Bureau reports the production of wheat in the United States in 1909 as 683,379,259 bushels. To this was added the imports during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1909, of 41,031 bushels, and from the sum was subtracted the reexports, amounting to 3,762 bushels, leaving 683,416,528 bushels as the quantity of wheat presumably marketed in From data furnished by the Department of Agriculture it was found that 269,843,000 bushels, or approximately 39.5 per cent, of this was spring wheat and 413,573,000 bushels, or 60.5 per cent, winter wheat. In the present bulletin s for 1913 and 1914 are shown for spring wheat in Minneapolis and Chicago and for winter wheat in Kansas City, Chicago, and Portland, Oreg. By reference to reports of boards of trade, supplemented by information from other sources, the relative importance of each of these cities as a wheat market in 1909 was established with reasonable certainty. The total quantity of spring wheat marketed in the United States in 1909 was accordingly apportioned between Chicago and Minneapolis, and the total quantity of winter wheat was apportioned among Chicago, Kansas City, and Portland, Oreg., in proportion to their relative importance. The results of such apportionment are shown in the table published as Appendix II to this bulletin, pp. 257 to 263. As only one series of quotations for wheat has been included in the bureau s index numbers for years prior to 1913, the s for such years have been

254 254 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, weighted by the combined figures for spring and winter wheat stated above 683,416,000 bushels. The physical quantities used as weights for the different series of quotations in calculating the group and general index numbers are shown in the table referred to (pp. 257 to 263). These figures are based upon the most careful estimates from official and nonofficial sources, and represent with approximate accuracy the quantities of the different commodities actually marketed in the census year These quantities, representing the amount of each commodity exchanged in 1909, have been multiplied by the s for each month of 1913 and 1914 and for each year from 1890 to 1914, in order to get the value of the same quantity of each commodity at the prevailing in the different months and years. The values of individual commodities were summed by groups and for all commodities to get the cost of the same bill of goods in the months and years for which an index number was to be calculated. If, during the 25-year period under consideration, there had been no changes in the list of commodities which comprise the index numbers, the percentage changes in the cost of the different groups of commodities and of all commodities combined would be accurately measured by dividing the aggregates for 1914 into the corresponding aggregates for the months and years covered by the bureau's index numbers. In the bulletin published in March, 1909, however, as in the present one, a number of articles appear for the first time, while numerous substitutions of one article for another at a different have occurred from time to time as circumstances demanded. Therefore, in carrying the index numbers back from the base period, 1914, through a series of years, a method had to be adopted that would allow for variations in the number and kind of commodities from year to year. This method, which is identical in principle with that now being used by the bureau in its reports on retail s and on wages, consists in computing two separate aggregates for any year in which an addition or a substitution occurs the first aggregate being computed from the old list of articles and the second aggregate from the new. In this way comparison between any two years is based upon aggregates made up of identical commodities only. The following statement relative to the farm products group will serve to illustrate the method employed.

255 APPENDIXES. 255 INDEX NUMBERS BASED ON AGGREGATE VALUES IN EXCHANGE OF FARM PRODUCTS IN 1912, 1913, AND Commodity-. Value in exchange (000 omitted) in A 1913-B 1914 Cotton, upland, middling: New Orleans... New York... Flaxseed, No Grain: B arley- Fair to good, malting... Com, cash Contract grades... No. 3, mixed... Oats, cash... Rye, No. 2, cash... wheat, cash... Chicago, No. 1, northern spring... Chicago, No. 2, red winter... Kansas City, No. 2, hard winter----- Minneapolis, No. 1, northern spring., Portland, Oreg., bluestem... Hay, timothy, No Hides: Calfskin, No Green, salted, packers Heavy native steers... Heavy Texas steers... Hops: New York State, prime to choice... Pacific coast... Live stock (for food): Cattle, steers Choice to prime... Good to choice... Hogs Heavy... Light... Sheep Ewes, fed, poor to best... Lambs, good to prime... Wethers, fed, common to best... Wethers, western... Peanuts, No. 1 grade... Poultry, live fowls: Chicago... New York, choice... Tobacco, Burley, dark red... $622,285 38,581 76, , ,323 23, , , ,315 19, , , , ,931 9,448 46,960 68, ,753 $692,016 27,123 52, , ,CC2 18, , , ,601 12, , , , ,665 10,250 50,789 77, ,274 $458, ,636 27,123 47, , , ,662 18,781 24, , , ,137 38, ,284 24, ,0C7 55,611 5,600 4, , , , ,665 10,780 62,736 6,149 15,470 35,505 38, ,274 $403, ,194 30,664 4 o, , , ,2C0 22,G57 28, , , ,012 41,717 1C8,202 27, ,691 58,8/0 4,971 6, , , , ,509 11,600 65,319 6,705 17,518 33,431 38, ,250 Total... 4,224,483 4,187,367 4,191,601 4,334,063 Index number Starting with the 1914 aggregate ($4,334,063) as the base (100), $4,191,601 divided by $4,334,063 gives 96.7 as the index number for This is rounded off to 97, when published. The ratio of the aggregate in 1912 to the aggregate in 1913, based on quotations of identical articles, is $4,224,483 to $4,187,367 or to 100. The index number for 1912 is obtained by multiplying the index for 1912 on the 1913 base (100.9) by the index for 1913 on the 1914 base (96.7) which gives 97.6, or 98, as the index number for 1912 on the 1914 base. By continuing this operation the index numbers for preceding years are obtained. Index numbers for the 8 remaining groups of commodities and for all commodities combined are found in similar manner. It should be explained in conclusion that not all of the commodity s shown in the present bulletin have been used in constructing

256 256 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. the weighted index. Several articles of minor importance have been omitted because of their negligible influence upon movements. A few articles of some importance were omitted because satisfactory weighting figures could not be obtained, for example, steel sheets and bread. Still other articles were omitted because sufficient quotations to insure correct results could not be obtained, e. g., beer. Of the 340 series of quotations included in Tables I and II of this bulletin, however, 297 have been weighted.

257 APPENDIX II. TABLES OP WEIGHTS USED IN COMPUTING INDEX NUMBERS OP WHOLESALE PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES, BY GROUPS OF COMMODITIES. Group I. Farm products. Commodity. Quantity usod as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Cotton, upland, New Orleans New York... Flaxseed, No drain: Barley, fair to good, malting... Corn, cash Contract grades... No. 3, mixed... Oats, cash... Rye, No. 2, cash... Wheat, cash Chicago, No. 1, northern spring Chicago, No. 2, red winter... Kansas City, No. 2, hard winter... Minneapolis, No. 1, northern spring Portland, Oreg., bluestem... nag, timothy, No Calfskins, No Green, salted, packers Heavy native steers... Heavy Texas steers... Hops: New York State, prime to choice... Pacific coast... Live stock (for food): Cattle, steers Choice to prime... Good to choice... Hogs Heavy... Light... Sheep Ewes, fed, poor to best... Lambs, good to prime... Wethers, fed, common to best... Peanuts, No. 1 grade... Poultry, live fowls: Chicago... New York, choice... Tobacco, Burley, dark red, good leaf... 3,606, ,253 20,106 75, , ,860 29,521 26, , , ,859 41,357 10, , ,415 15,502 32,575 41,449 82,898 19,110 57,329 2,300 8,049 1, , ,004 Pound. Pound. Bushel. Bushel. Bushel. Bushel. Bushel. Bushel. Bushel. Bushel. Bushel. Bushel. Bushel. Short ton. Pound. round. Pound. Pound. Pound. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. Pound. Pound. Pound. 100 pounds. Group II. Food, etc. Beans, medium, choice... Bread: Crackers Oyster... Soda... L o a f- New York... Washington, D.O... Butter: Boston Creamery, extra... Creamery, firsts... Creamery, seconds... Chicago Creamery, extra... Creamery, extra firsts... Creamery, firsts... Cincinnati- Whole milk, extra... Creamery, centralized firsts... Creamery, centralized seconds Bull ,468 No weight. No weight. No weight. No weight. 23,179 73,917 11, , ,234 51,328 5,349 17,058 2, pounds. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. 257

258 258 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Group II. Food, etc. Continued. Commodity. Quantity used as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Butter Concluded. Elgin, 111., creamery, Elgin... New Orleans Creamery, fancy... Creamery, choice... New York Creamery, extra... Creamery, firsts... Creamery, seconds... Philadelphia Creamery, extra... Creamery, extra firsts... Creamery, firsts.... San Francisco Creamery, extra.... Creamery, firsts... Canned goods: Corn, No. 2, fancy... Peas, No. 2, sifted... Tomatoes, standard New Jersey, No Cheese: Chicago, whole milk. American tw ins.... New York, whole milk, colored,, fancy.. San Francisco, California flats, fancy..., Coffee, Rio, No Boston, firsts, western... Chicago, firsts, fresh... Cincinnati, firsts, fresh... New Orleans, candled, western... New York, firsts, fresh gathered... Philadelphia, extra firsts, western... San Francisco, fresh, selected, pullets*... Fish: Cod, large, shore (pickled, cured)... Herring, pickled, Newfoundland, split, large No. 1. Mackerel, salt, large No. 3s... Salmon, canned, tails, Is... Flour: Buckwheat... Rye, pure, medium straight... Kansas City, winter patents... Kansas City, winter straights... Minneapolis, second patents... Minneapolis, standard patents... Fruit: Apples Evaporated, choice... Fresh, Baldwin, No Bananas, Jamaica, 8s... Currants, uncleaned, in barrels... Lemons, California, extra choice.... Oranges, California... Prunes, California, in 25-pound boxes... Raisins, California, London layer... Glucose, 42 mixing... Lard, prime contract... Meal, corn: Fine white.... Fine yellow... Meat: B acon - Short clear sides... Short rib sides... Beef, fresh Chicago, carcass, good native steers.. New York, native sides... Beef, salt, extra, mess... Hams, smoked... Lamb, dressed, round... Mutton, dressed... Pork, salt, mess... Poultry, dressed fowls Chicago, iced... New York, western, dry picked... Veal, city dressed, good to prime... Milk, fresh: ,520 24,228 23,179 73,917 11, ,903 11,803 25, ,728 1, » 431 2,010 1,594 33,802 11,267 15,559 46,678 No weight. 21,254 35,772 32,164 4,119 19, ,796 14,304 7,701 1,243, , , ,251 4, , ,549,814 Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Dozen. Dozen. Dozen. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Dozen. Dozen. Dozen. Dozen. Dozen. Dozen. Dozen. 100 pounds. Barrel. Barrel. Dozen. 100 pounds. Barrel. Barrel. Barrel. Barrel. Barrel. Barrel. Bunch. Pound. Box. Box. Pound. Box. 100 pounds. Pound. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. Pound. Pound. Pound. Poimd. Barrel. Pound. Pound. Pound. Barrel. Pound. Pound. Pound. Quart. Quart. Quart.

259 APPENDIXES. 259 Group II. -Food, etc. Concluded. Commodity. Quantity used as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Molasses, Nerv Orleans, open kettle... Oleomargarine, standard quality, uncolored. Oleo oil, extra... Olive oil: French, bulk... Italian... Rice, domestic, choice, head... Salt, American, medium... Soda, bicarbonate of, American... Spices, pepper, black, Singapore... Starch, com, for culinary purposes... Sugar: 96 centrifugal... Granulated, in barrels... Tallov/, packers prime... Tea, Formosa, fine... Vegetables, fresh: Cabbage... Onions... Potatoes, white... Vinegar, cider, 40-grain... 55, , ,737 1,007 3, ,136 No weight. 36,241 No weignt. 6,316,034 7,366, , , , ,491 98,404 Gallon. Pound. Pound. Gallon. Gallon. Pound. Barrel. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Short ton. Sack. Bushel. Gallon. Group III. Cloths and clothing. Bags, cotton, 2-bushel, Amoskeag... Blankets: All-wool, 5 pounds to the pair... Cotton, 2 pounds to the pair... Boots and shoes: Children s gun metal, button... Little boys gun metal, blucher... Men s Split seamless Creedmores... vici calf, blucher... Gun metal, Goodyear welt, blucher... Gun metal, Goodyear welt, button... Vici kid, G-oodyear welt... Misses vici patent, button... Women s Gun metal, Goodyear welt, button... Patent leather pump, McKay sewed... Gun metal, McKav sewed, button... Youths box calf, blucher... Broadcloth, first quality black, 54-inch, X X X wool... Calico, American standard prints, 7 yards to the pound... Carpets: Axminster, Lowell, Brussels, 5-i'rame, Bicrelow... Wilton, 5-irame, Bigelow... Cotton flannels: Colored, 2\ yards to the pound... Unbleached, 3J yards to the pound... Cotton thread, 6-cord, 200-yard spools, J. A p. Coats... Cotton yams, carded,, white, mule-spun, northern, cones: Denims, Amoskeag, 2.20 yards to the pound... Drillings: Brown, Pepperell, 2.85 yards to the pound inch, Massachusetts D standard, 2.85 yards to the pound Flannels, white, 4-4, Ballard Vale, No Ginghams: Amoskeag, 6.37 yards to the pound... Lancaster, 6.50 yards to the pound... Horse blankets, all wool, 6 pounds each... Hosiery: Men s cotton half hose, seamless, fast black... Women s cotton hose Full fashioned, combed peeler yarn, double sole... Seamless, carded yam, single thread... Leather: Calf, chrome, dull or bright finish, B grade... Harness, oak, 17 pounds and up, No Sole Hemlock, middles, No Oak, scoured backs, heavy No Linen shoe thread, 10s, Barbour... No weight. 3,002 1, ,839 19,969 No weignt. 16,702 5,291 6, , , , , , ,322 3, ,287 No weight. 24,806 13,193 24, ,121 98, ,347 87,535 3,815 Pound. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Pair. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Spool. Pound. Pound. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Yard. Dozen pairs. Dozen pairs. Dozen pairs. Square foot. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound.

260 260 B U L L E T IN OP T H E BUBEAU OP LABOB STATISTICS. Groupe III. Cloths and clothing Concluded. Commodity. Quantity used as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Overcoatings: Covert cloth, all wool, double and twist, 14-ounce... 1,984 Yard. Kersey, wooi-dv ed, 5d-inch Srtft-faced black, plfiin t.wiu 24-onn<»e ,786 2,248 Yard. Yard. Percale, Scout. 36-inch, 5.35 yards to the pound... Print cloths, 2f-inch, 7.60 yards to the pound... Sheetings: No weight. 2,966,409 Yard. Bleached Pepperell, Wamsiit-te, Tr r ,145 38,756 Yard. Yard. Brown Indian Head, 4-4,2.85 yards to the pound... Pepperell R, 4-4,3.75 yards to the pound... Ware Shoals L. L., 4-4,4 yards to the pound... Shirtings, bleached muslin, 4-4: 98, , ,042 Yard. Yard. Yard. Fruit of the Loom... Lonsdale (new construction)... Rough Rider , , ,390 Yard. Yard. Yard. Wamsutta ,022 Yard. Silk, raw: Italian, classical... Japan, Kansai, No ,803 17,410 Pound. round. Suitings: Clay worsted diagonal 12-ounce Yard. 16-ounce Yard. Middlesex, wool-dyed, blue Yard. Serge, 11-ounce Yard. Tickings, Amoskeag, A. C. A., 2.05 vards to the pound ,792 Yard. Trouserings, fancy worsted, 16* to 17J ounces to the pound... Underwear: Y ard. Cotton Men s shirts and drawers... 22,567 Dozen garments. 2,048 Dozen suits. Women s dress goods: All wool Women s union suits... Merino Men s shirts and drawers, 50 per cent wool... 2,536 Dozen garments. Union suits, 40 per cent wool Dozen suits Cashmere, 35-inch... 72,023 Yard. Storm serge, double warp, 50-inch... 46,682 Yard. Cotton warp Cashmere, 4-4, Atlantic Mills F... 19,507 Yard. Cashmere, Hamilton Yard. Poplar cloth, 36-inch Yard. Sicilian cloth, 50-inch... 14,045 Yard. Wool, Ohio, scoured fleece: Fine (X and X X grades) ,808 Pound. Medium (one*fourth three-eighths grades)... 70,139 Pound. Worsted yams: 2-40s, Australian fin e... 63,089 Pound. 2-32s, crossbred stock... 25,235 Pound. Group IV. Fuel and lighting. Alcohol, denatured, 180 proof... Candles, adamantine, 6s, 14-ounce... Coal: Anthracite- Broken... Chestnut... Egg... Stove... Bituminous, Pittsburgh, of mine. Semibituminous New River... Pocahontas... Coke, Connellsville, furnace... Gasoline (naphtha), auto... Matches, Globe, No Petroleum: Crude... Refined S. W. 110 fire test, for export W. W. 150 fire test... 4,552 38,466 3,439 12,962 7,783 11, ,028 39, ,328 12, , Gallon. Pound. Long ton. Long ton. Long ton. Long ton. Short ton. Short ton. Long ton. Short ton. Gallon. Barrel. Gallon. Gallon.

261 APPENDIXES. 261 Group V. Metals and metal products. Commodity. Quantity used as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Augers, regular, l-in^h... Axes, Essex, pattern handled... Bar iron: Best refined, Philadelphia... Common, from mill, Pittsburgh... Butts, loose pin, wrought steel, 31 by 3} inches. Chisels, regular, socket firmer, 1-inch... Copper: Ingot, electrolytic... Sheet, hot-rolled ( base sizes)... Wire, bare, No Door knobs, steel, bronze-plated... Files, 8-inch mill bastard... Hammers, Maydole, No. 1$... Iron ore, Mesabi Bessemer... Lead: Pig, desilverized... Lead pipe... Locks, common mortise, knob loci;, 3&-mch Nails, 8-penny, fence and common: Cut... Wire... Pig iron: Basic... Bessemer... Foundry No. 2, northern... No. 2, southern... Pips, cast-iron... Planes, jac'c planes... Quicksilver... Saws. Disston: Cross-cut, No. 2,6-foot... Iland, No. 8, s cewback, 26-inch... Shovels, Ames, No Silver, bar, fine... Steel: Billets... Plates, tank, J-mch thiclc... Bails, standard Bessemer... Open-hearth... Sheets, black, No Structural... Tin: Plate, coke... Trowels, Johnson s, brick, lo. -inch Vises, solid box. 50-pound... Wire: Barbed, galvanized... Plain, annealed, Nos. 0 to 9... Wood screws, 1-inch, No. 10, flathead. Zinc: Sheet... Spelter (pig zinc), western... No weight. No weight No weight. No weight No weight No weight. No weight. No weight. 52, , No weight. No weight. 13,916 1,742 1, No weight. No weight. No weight. No weight. No weight. 151,969 4,972 5,256, No weight. 4,996,876 94, No weight. No weight ,580 No weight ,903 Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Long ton. Pound. 100 pounds. ICcg. Long ton. Long ton. Lon;; ton Long ton. Short ton. Ounce. Long ton. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. 100 pounds. Pound. Group VI. Lumber and building materials. Brick, common: Chicago, run of kiln, salmon... Cincinnati, red, building... New York, red, domestic, building.. Cement: Portland, domestic... Rosendale... Doors, western white pine... Glass: Plate, polished, glazing Area 3 to 5 square feet... Area 5 to 10 square feet... Window, American, single, 25-inch A A... B... Lath, eastern spruce, 1$ -inch slab... Lime, Rockport, common No weight. No weight ,388 23,278 1,000 1, Barrel. Square foot. Square foot. oosquarefeet. 50 square feet. 1,000. Barrel.

262 262 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Group VI.- Lumber and building materials Concluded. Commodity. Quantity used as' weight (000 omitted). Unit. Lumber: Douglas fir No No. 2 and better... Hemlock... Maple... Oat, w h ite- Plain... Quartered... P in e - White, boards, rough, No. 2 barn... White, boards, rough, uppers... Yellow, flooring... Yellow, siding... Poplar, yellow... Spruce, eastern... Paint materials: Lead, carbonate of (white leacj), American, in oil. Linseed oil, raw... Turpentine, spirits of.... Zinc, oxide of (zinc white), American, extra dry. Putty... Rosin, common to good, strained... Shingles, 16 inches long: SST"-... Tar, pine. 3,642 1,214 3,051 1, ,943 3, ,173 6, , , ,528 29, ,550 63,502 3,673 1,387 12,005 No weight feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet. Pound. Gallon. Gallon. Pound. Pound. Barrel. 1,000. 1,000. Group VII. Drugs and chemicals. Alcohol: Grain, 190 proof, U. S. P... Wood, refined, 95 per cent... Alum, lump... Borax, crystals... Glycerin, refined, chemically pure. Muriatic acid, Opium, natural, in cases... Quinine, American... Sulphur, (brimstone), stick, crude, Sulphuric acid, ,912 12, ,940 82, , , , ,367,214 Gallon. Gallon. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Pound. Ounce. Long ton. Pound. Group VIII. House-ftirnishing goods. Earthenware: Plates, 7-inch Cream-colored... White granite.... Teacups and saucers, white granite... Furniture: Bedroom sets, 3 pieces... Chairs Bedroom, rocker, oak... Kitchen, hardwood... Tables, kitchen, 2 by 3 feet, with drawer... Glassware, common: Nappies, 4-inch... Pitchers, ^-gallon... Tumblers, table, J-pint... Table cutlery: Carvers, stag handles... Knives and forks, cocobolo handles, metal bolsters Wooden ware, oak-grained: Pails, 3-hoop... Tubs... 11,451 10,737 8,722 No weight. No weight. No weight. No weight ,687 No weight. No weight. No weight. No weight. Dozen. Dozen. Dozen each. Dozen. Dozen. Dozen.

263 APPENDIXES. 263 Group IX. Miscellaneous. Commodity. Quantity used as weight (000 omitted). Unit. Beer, western, light or dark... No weight. Cottonseed ipoai, p r ^? r -. Cottonseed oil, prime, summer yellow... 1,675 1,187,464 Jute, raw...jj Lubricating oil, paraffin , ,294 47,591 Short ton. Pound. Pound. Gallon. Bushel. Paper: News, wood, roll, contract... Wrapping, manila, No. 1 jute... i Proof spirits... 2,388,164 1,526,134 No weight. Pound. Pound. Jlopo, pure manila, -inch (base size) and larger ,170 Pound. Rubber, Para island, fin e Soap: Laundry Pound. 72 bars to a box of 60 pounds bars to a box of 75 pounds... Toilet, perfumed, 4-ounce cakes... Starch, laundry... Tobacco: 13,026 10,420 4, Box. Box. Gross cakes. Pound. Plug, Climax... Smoking, granulated, Blackwell s Bull Durham... Whisky, straight: Bourbon 173,418 22,486 Pound. Gross bags. 4 years in bond, 100 proof, in barrels, Kentucky... Bottled in bond, Kentucky....*... 31,251 1,178 Gallon. Case. Rye 4 years in bond, 100 proof, in barrels Illinois... Pennsyl vania Bottled in bond Illinois... Gallon. Gallon. 471 Case. Pennsylvania Case. Wood pulp, sulphitei domestic, unbleached... 24, pounds.

264 APPENDIX III. INDEX NUMBERS OF WHOLESALE PRICES, 1860 TO This series of index numbers was compiled to form a continuous series from 1860 to the present time. The period covered includes the years for which the Senate Finance Committee 1collected wholesale data, 1860 to 1890, and the j^ears for which the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2has collected such data, 1890 to * In former bulletins3 on wholesale s issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, this series of index numbers was computed on the s for the decade 1890 to 1899 as the base, or 100. In the present bulletin, however, the base period has been shifted to 1914 in order that the presentation here made may conform to that appearing elsewhere in the report. The reason for the change of base is explained on page 5 of this bulletin. The method adopted in the present instance for shifting the base from to 1914 has been merely to divide the unweighted index number for 1914, computed on the base, into the index number computed on the same base for each preceding year back to In this way an approximately correct continuous series with 1914 as the base has been obtained. In compiling the index numbers for years prior to 1890 the actual s published in the Senate Finance Committee report of 1893 were used. The relative of each article in 1890, as shown in Bulletin No. 39, was used as the medium through which to comp.ute the relative for previous years, it being assumed that the s of the selected articles in 1890, as shown in the Senate Finance Committee report, would have stood at the same relative level as that shown for the same articles in 1890 in Bulletin No. 39. The for each article was computed each year from the number of quotations given for the year. Each actual was reduced to a percentage of the actual for This percentage was then applied to the established relative for 1890 (Bulletin No. 39, Department of Labor), and a relative produced for the article upon the basis of the for For example, the of barley per bushel in the Senate Finance Committee report was 54 cents for 1890 and cents for 1889; thus the in 1889 was per cent of the in The relative of barley in 1890, as shown i Report from the Committee on Finance of the United States Senate on Wholesale Prices, Wages, and Transportation. Mar. 3, d Congress, 2d session, Report No. 1394, Pt. II. a Bulletin Nos. 39, 45,51, 57, 63, 69, 75, 81, 87, 93,99,114, and Bulletin Nos. 114 and

265 APPENDIXES. 265 in Bulletin No. 39, was ( = 100).* Therefore, if barley in 1890 stood at 111.6, and the in 1889 was per cent of the in 1890, the relative of barley in 1889 upon the basis of the for would be per cent of 111.6, or This same process was applied to each of the selected articles for each year from 1889 back to Many of the articles selected from the report of the Senate Finance Committee were of the same description as those found in Bulletin No. 39. Where the same article could not be had, another of the same general class was selected. After the relative for each article had been computed, these relatives for each year were added and the sum divided by the total number of articles quoted for the year. The result was the index of all commodities for that year. The number of articles varied in different years; hence the divisor varied. For instance, in the year 1889 quotations were available for 193 articles, and tho sum of their relative s was 21,929.5, which divided by 193 produces as the index of all commodities for that year. But in 1860 quotations for only 127 articles were found, the sum of whose relative s was 17,904.5, which divided by 127 gives as the index for A similar process was used to secure the index for the various groups by years. For example, in the food group, s for 38 articles were compiled in the year 1889, and the sum of their relative s was 4,398.4, which divided by 38 gives as the index for the food group of that year. Again, in 1864, only 29 of the articles in this group showed quotations, with a total of the relative s of 7,092.3, which being divided by 29 produces as the index of wholesale s of food for that year. This explanation applies to all the groups. 1See also p. HI of this bulletin.

266 266 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. The following table shows, as explained above, the index numbers of commodities by groups from 1860 to 1914: I N D E X N U M B E R S O F C O M M O D I T I E S, B Y G R O U P S, T O [ I n d e x n u m b e r f o r ( t h e a v e ra g e p r i c e s f r o m t o b e in g t h e ' b a s e ) - * T h e s m a l l f i g u r e s i n e a c h c o l u m n r e p r e s e n t t h e n u m b e r o f q u o t a t i o n s u p o n w h i c h t h e i n d e x n u m b e r f o r e a c h s p e c i f ie d g r o u p i s b a s e d.] Y e a r F a r m p r o d u c t s. F o o d, e t c. C l o t h s a n d c lo t h in g. F u e l a n d l i g h t i n g. M e t a l s a n d m e t a l p r o d u c t s. L u m b e r a n d b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s. D r u g s a n d c h e m ic a ls. H o u s e - f u r n i s h i n g g o o d s. M is c e l la n e o u s. A l l c o m m o d i t i e s it * n * n » ii # n io 2 8 4» S n n * n » 2 0 1» ii u * n «1 9 9 & n i * * n i * n i 1 5 0» ii » n i i * ii » ii « n » n » u * ii i * 117 * n o n w « ii i * « ii i * « ii i * n i«9 9 « ii n 9 6 « ii n ii i «9 5 « n h 9 4 « S * le K » e s r> * h « n SO : 1 1

267 APPENDIX IV. WHOLESALE PRICES IN CANADA, 1890 TO A report issued by the Canadian Department of Labor1shows that from January to April, 1914, wholesale s exhibited a slight tendency upward. Thereafter there was a decline in s until July, in which month the lowest point of the year was reached. The outbreak of the European war in August, however, caused an immediate advance in s and, although a reaction soon occurred, the effect on the level for the year was an increase over the level for The department of labor index number, which includes 272 commodities, stood at for 1914, as compared with for 1913 and for In September, 1914, the index number reached 141.3, which was the highest point attained during the entire period since These numbers are percentages of the s prevailing from 1890 to 1899, the period adopted as the basis of comparison. A calculation which assigns weights to the various groups into which the commodities arc divided2shows the general level to have declined slightly in 1914, the weighted index number being as compared with in 1913 and in The wide divergence between the weighted and the unweighted numbers in 1912 and 1913 was due mainly to the heavy weights allowed to grains and fodder, animals and meats, and dairy products, in all of which groups decided fluctuations of s occurred during these two years. The report states that the chief increases for 1914, as a whole, appeared in the groups of grains and fodder (14 per cent), animals and meats (6 per cent), woolens (8 per cent), hides (10 per cent), and drugs and chemicals (7 per cent). Raw furs declined 33 per cent; fuel and lighting, 6 per cent; and cottons 5 per cent. During the first half of the year s were comparatively steady, with rises in grains and fodder and declines in dairy products and in metals and some building materials. The outbreak of war so dislocated trade in August that violent movements appeared in nearly all groups. Wheat, followed by other grains and flour, rose abruptly and continued upward, with fluctuations, to the end of the year. Sugar rose from the lowest level on record to the highest since 1890, with only a slight reduction afterwards. Cotton slumped as the demand fell off. Meats rose under a sudden demand for army supplies, but soon receded under falling demand for home consumption and the heavy marketing of live stock on account of the high s of grain. Fuel, metals, and many building materials declined as industrial i Wholesale Prices, Canada, Report by R. H. Coats, editor of the Labor Gazette, Dominion of Canada, Department of Labor, O ttawa, * For statement of weights used see Bulletin No. 114, page 153, or No. 149, page

268 268 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. demand fell off. The market for raw furs disappeared for a time and resumed only at an extremely low level. Interruption to shipping, with higher freight rates and insurance on sea, caused steep advances in many commodities, especially in tea and drugs, while increased revenue taxes in the shape of additional customs and excise duties caused other increases, notably in sugar, tobacco, and liquors. The following tables show in a concise form the results of the investigation of wholesale s as given in the report. These index numbers are unweighted. INDEX NUMBERS OF COMMODITIES, BY GROUPS, 1890 to [ s =100.] 1S90 1S Grains and fodder Animals and meats 3. Dairy products Fish Other foods Textiles Hides, leather, boots.. 8. Metals and implements: (a) Metals... (b) Implements Fuel and lighting Building materials: (a) Lumber... (ft) Miscellaneous (c) Paints, oils, glass 11. House furnishings Drugs and chemicals.., 13. Miscellaneous: (a) Furs... i b) Liquors, tobacco (c) Sundries... All commodities a lay Grains and fodder 2. A nim als and meats Dairy products.. 4. Fish Other foods Textiles Hides, leather, boots Metals and implements: (а) Metals... (б) I m p l e ments Fuel and lighting 10. Building materials: (а) Lum ber... (б) M i s c e l laneous... (c) Paints, oils, 11. House furnishings Drugs and chemicals Miscellaneous:«(o) Furs... (6) Liquors, tobacco., (c) Sundries '; All commodities ;

269 APPENDIXES IN D EX NUMBERS OF COMMODITIES, BY GROUPS, FROM MONTH TO MONTH, [ s =100.] Tan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. 1. Grains and fodder A n im a ls and meats Dairy products Fish Other foods: (a) Fruits and vegetables (b) Miscellaneous Textiles : Hides,leather,etc*. Metals and implements: (a) Metals... (b) Implements Fuel and lighting Building materials: G : (a) Lumber (6) Miscellaneous jj (c) Paints, oils, etc House furnishings : Drugs and chem icals l! Miscellaneous:! (а) Furs (б) Liquors and I I tobacco (c) Sundries ! 107.8! i A11 commodities j PER CENT OF INCREASE IN PRICES IN 1914 OVER CERTAIN OTHER YEARS, BY GROUPS OF COMMODITIES.! Compared j with decade I ! Compared with Compared with the low year. Compared with Grains and fodder Animals and meats...! ) Dairv products i.2 4. F ishf U.2 5. Other foods S i Textiles: (a) Woolens (6) Cottons (c) Silk... * (d) Flax (e) Jute (/) Oilcloths * i.5 7. Hides, tallow, leather, boots and shoes: (a) Hides and tallow (b) Leather (c) Boots and shoes S. Metals and implements: (a) Metals * (b) Implements Fuel and lighting Building materials: (a) Lumber (b) Miscellaneous materials » (c) Paints, oils, glass i House furnishings Drugs and chemicals Miscellaneous: (a) Furs (b) Liquors and tobacco (c) Sundries All commodities

270 270 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. The weighted and unweighted index numbers for years since 1890 are compared in the table below: W EIGHTED AND UNWEIGHTED INDEX NUMBERS, 1890 TO Year. Weighted number. Unweighted number. Year. Weighted number. Unweighted number S

271 INDEX. Page. Actual quotations of commodities, with source and market, and yearly, Articles. (See Commodities.) and relative s of commodities, with per cent or, 1890 to Canada, wholesale s, 1890 to Increase or in 1914, per cent of, as compared with certain other years... 2G9 Index numbers of commodities, by groups, each month, Index numbers of commodities, by groups, 1890 to Index numbers, weighted and unweighted, 1890 to Cloths and clothing: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with per cent or, 1890 to Commodities, or series of quotations carried, number of... 9,35 Increase or in s, per cent of, as a group, 1890 to Increase or in s, per cent of, each article, 1890 to Price indexes, 1890 to Price indexes, 1860 to Table of weights used in computing indexes ,260 Commodities: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with per cent or, 1890 to Classification adoptea in present report... 6,7 Explanation of tadles showing s of Increase or in s, per cent of, by groups, 1890 to Increase or in s, per cent of, each specified article, 1890 to Increase or in s, per cent of, of identical commodities in raw and manufactured state Price indexes of identical commodities, in raw and manufactured state... 28,29 Price indexes, by groups, of commodities Quotations, series of, carried in present report... 9,35 Raw and manufactured, indexes, 1890 to Substitutions in list of, from time to time ,241 Drugs and chemicals: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, ,102 and relative s of each article, with per cent or, 1890 to Commodities, or series of quotations carried, number of... 9,35 Increase or in s, per cent of. as a group, 1890 to Increase or in s, per cent of, each article, 1890 to Price indexes, 1890 to Price indexes to Table of weights used in computing indexes Explanation of tables showing s Farm products: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with per cent or, 1890 to Commodities, or series of quotations carried, number of... 9,35 Increase or in s, per cent of. as a group to Increase or in s, per cent of, each article, 1890 to Price indexes, 1890 to Price indexes. 18G0 to... 2oft Table of weights used in computing indexes Food, etc.: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with per cent or, 1890 to Commodities, or series of quotations carried, number of... 9,35 Increase or in s, per cent of, as a group, 1890 to Increase or in s, per cent of, each article, 1890 to Price indexes, 1890 to Price indexes to Table of weights used in computing indexes Fuel and lighting: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, end yearly, and relative s of each article, with per cent or, 1890 to Commodities or series of quotations carried, number of... 9,35 Increase or in s, per cent of, as a group, 1890 to Increase or in s, per cent of, each article, 1890 to Price indexes, 1890 to Price indexes, 18C0 to Table of weights used in computing indexes House furnishing goods: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with per cent or, 1890 to Commodities or series of quotations carried, number of... 9,35 Increase or in s, per cent of, as a group, 1890 to Increase or in s, per cent of, each article, 1890 to Price indexes, 1890 to Price indexes to Table of weights used in computing indexes

272 272 INDEX. Page. Increase or in s, per cent of, by commodity groups, 1890 to Increase or in s, per cent of, each specified article, 1890 to Increase or in s, per cent of, identical commodities, in raw and manufactured state, 1890 to Index numbers or indexes: Bureau of Labor Statistics, indexes calculated b v Method of calculating, formerly employed, defects of Method of calculating, new, explanation o f Price indexes, wholesale, 1860 to Weights, table of, used in computing Lumber and building materials: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with per cent or, 1890 to Commodities or series of quotations carried, number of... 9,35 Increase or in s, per cent of, as a group, 1890 to Increase or in s, per cent of, each article, 1890 to Price indexes, 1890 to Price indexes, 1860 to Table of weights used in commuting indexes...261,252 Manufactured and raw commodities, indexes, 1890 to... 24,25,28,29 Metals and metal products: Actual quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, and relative s of each article, with per cent or, 1890 to Commodities, or series of quotations carried, number of... 9,35 Increase or in pri. es, per cent of, as a group, 1890 to In -rease or in s, per cent of, each article, 1890 to Price indexes, 1890 to Pri e indexes, 1860 to Table of weights used in computing pric e indexes Miscellaneous commodities group: Actual prre quotations of each article, source and market, and yearly, and relative s of ea h article, with per cent or de.rease, 1890 to Commodities, or series of quotations carried, number of... 9,35 Increase or in pri. es, per cent of, as a group, 1890 to In Tease or in s, per cent of, of each article, 1»J0 to Price indexes, 1890 to Pri e indexes, 1860 to Table of weights used in computing pri:e indexes Price indexes. (See Index numbers.) Prices, wholesale, of specified commodities: Acid,muriatn A 3id, sulphuric ,223 A1?ohol, denatured... 85,185 AL'ohol, grain ,220 Alohol,wood ,220 Alum ,220 Anthracite, bituminous, and semibituminous coal... 85,86, Apples, evaporated... 61,141 Apples, fresh... 61,141 Augers... 87,191 Axes... 87,191 Bacon... 64,145 Bags, cotton... 72,157 Bananas... 61,141 Bar iron... 87,88,192 Barley... 39,111 Beans... 47,122 Bedroom sets (furniture) ,225 Beef, fresh... 64,65,145,146 Beef, salt... 65,146 Beer ,230 Bicarbonate of soda... 69,152 Blankets... 72,157 Blankets, horse... 77,167 Boots and shoes , Borax ,221 Bread, crackers... 47,122 Bread, loaf... 47,123 Brick... 94,95,207 Brimstone ,223 Broadcloth... 74,162 Buckwheat flour... 59,138 Butter , Butts... 88,193 Cabbage, fresh... 71,155 Calico... 74,162 Candles... 85,185 Canned goods (corn, peas, tomatoes)... 54,131 Carbonate of lead (white lead)... 99,216 Carpets... 75,162,163 Carvers, knives, and forks ,228 Cattle, steers... 43,44,117 Cement, Portland and Rosendale ,208 Chairs and tables ,225,226 Cheese... 55,132 Chisels... 88,193 Coal, anthracite, bituminous, and semibituminous... 85,86, Codfish... 58,136 Coffee... 55,133

273 Prices, wholesale, of specified commodities Continued. Page* C ok e... 86,188 Copper, ingot... 88,194 Copper, sheet... $3,194 Copper wire... 88,194 Com, canned... 54,131 Corn, grata... 39,111 Com meal... 63,144 Cornstarch... 70,153 Cotton... 38,110 Cotton flannels... 75,163,164 Cottonseed meal ,230 Cottonseed oil ,230 Cotton thread... 75,164 Cotton yam... 76,164,165 Crackers, soda and oyster... 47,122 Currants...61,142 Cutlery, table ,228 Denims... 76,165 Door knobs... 89,195 Doors... 95,209 Douglas fir lumber... 96,97,212 Dress goods, women s... 83,84, Drillings... 76,165,166 Earthenware ,103,224 Eggs ^58, Files... 89,195 Fish (cod, herring, mackerel, salmon)... 58,136,137 Flannels... 76,166 Flaxseed... 38,110 Fleece, wool... 84,183,184 Flour (buckwheat, rye, wheat)... 59,60, Forks, knives, and carvers ,228 Furniture (bedroom sets, chairs, and tables) Fruit, evaporated (apples, currants, prunes, raisins)... 61,62, Fruit, fresh (apples, bananas, lemons, oranges)... 61,62, Gasoline... 86,189 Ginghams... 77,166,167 Glass, plate... 95,96,210 Glassware, (nappies, pitchers, tumblers) ,227 Glass, window... 96,211 Glucose... 63,143 Glycerin ,221 Grain. (See Barley; Com; Oats; Rye; Wheat.) Hammers... 89,195 Hams, smoked... 65,146 Harness, leather... 78,169 Hay... 42,115 Hemlock lumber... 97,213 Herring... 58,136 Hides... 42,43,115,116 Hogs... 44,118 Hops... 43,116 Horse blankets... 77,167 Hosiery, men s and women s... 77,167,168 Iron, bar... 87,88,192 Iron ore... 89,196 Iron, pig... 90,91,198,199 J u te.f ,231 Knives, forks, and carvers ,228 Lamb, dressed, round... 66,147 Lard... 63,144 Lath... 96,211 Lead, carbonate of (white lead)... f 9,216 Lead, pig... 89,196 Lead pipe... 89,196 Leather (chrome calf, harness, sole)... 78,169,170 Lemons... 62,142 Lime... 96,212 Linen shoe thread... 78,170 Linseed oil, raw... 99,217 Live stock (for food) , Locks... 90,197 Lubricating oil ,231 Lumber. (See Douglas fir; Hemlock; Maple; Oak; Pine; Poplar; Spruce.) Mackerel... 58,137 Malt ,231 Maple lumber... 97,213 Matches... 86,189 Meal, com... 63,144 Meal, cottonseed ,230 Meat , Milk, fresh... 68,149 Molasses... 68,150 Muriatic acid ,221 Mutton, dressed... 66,147 Nails, cut and wire... 90,197 Bull INDEX. 273

274 274 INDEX. Prices, wholesale, of specified commodities Continued. Page. Nappies, pitchers, tumblers ,227 Oak lumber...97,213,214 Oats... 40,112 Oil, cottonseed ,230 Oil, lubricating ,231 Oleomargarine... 68,150 Oleooil... 68,150 Olive oil... 69,151 Onions, fresh... 71,155 Opium ,222 Oranges... 62,142 Overcoatings... 78,79,171 Pails and tubs ,105,229 Paint materials (linseed oil, turpentine, white lead, zinc oxide)... 99,216,217 Paper, news ,232 Paper, wrapping ,232 Peanuts... 46,120 Peas, canned... 54,131 Pepper, black, Singapore... 69,152 Percale... 79,172 Petroleum... 87,189,190 Pig iron... 90,91,198,199 Pig lead... 89,196 Pig tin... 93,203 Pig zinc... 94,206 Pine lumber... 98,214,215 Pipe, cast-iron... 91,199 Pipe, lea d... 89,196 Pitchers, nappies, tumblers ,227 Pl&nos Plates, teacups, and saucers... i02,103! 224 Poplar lumber... 98,216 Pork, salt... 66,147 Potatoes, white... 71,156 Poultry, dressed fowls... 67,148 Poultry, live fowls... 46,121 Print cloths... 79,172 Proof spirits ,232 Prunes... 62,143 Putty...100,218 Quicksilver... 91,200 Quinine ,222 Raisins... 62,143 Rice... 69,151 Rope ,233 Rosin...100,218 Rubber ,233 Rye... 40,112 Rye flour... 59,138 Salmon, canned... 58,137 Salt... 69,152 Saucers, teacups, and plates ,103,224 Saws... 91,200 Sheep...45,119,120 Sheetings... 79,80,172,174 Shingles, cypress and red cedar...100,218,219 Shirtings... 80,81, Shovels'... 92,201 Silk, raw... 81,176 Silver, bar... 92,201 Soda, bicarbonate of... 69,152 Soap, laundry and toilet ,233,234 Spelter... 94,206 Spices, black pepper... 69,152 Spruce, lumber... 99,216 Starch, corn... 70,153 Starch, laundry ,234 Steel billets... 92,201 Steel plates... 92,202 Steel rails... 92,202 Steel sheets... 93,203 Steel, structural... 93,203 Sugar... 70,153 Suitings ,82,177,178 Sulphur (brimstone) ,223 Sulphuric acid ,223 Tables and chairs ,225,226 Tallow... 70,154 Tar...100,219 Tea... 71,154 Teacups, plates, and saucers ,103,224 Thread, cotton... 75,164 Thread, linen, shoe... 78,170 Tickings... 82,178 Tin pig Tin, plate... 93,204 Tobacco, Burley, leaf... 46,121 Tobacco, plug and smoking ,235 Tomatoes, canned... 54,131

275 INDEX Prices, wholesale, of specified commodities Concluded. Page. Trouserings... 82,178 Trowels... 93,204 Tubs and pails ,105,229 Tumblers, pitchers, nappies ,227 Turpentine ,217 Underwear, men s and women s... 82,83,179,180 Veal... 67,148 Vegetables, fresh (cabbage, onions, potatoes)...71,155,156 Vinegar, cider... 72,156 Vises... 93,205 Wheat , Wheat flour... 59,60,139,140 Whisky ,109,236,237 Whisky. (See also Proof spirits.) White lead... f... 99,216 Wire, copper... 88,194 Wire, fence... 94,205 Women s dress goods... 83,84, Woodenware (pails and tubs) ,105,229 Wood pulp ,238 Wood screws... 94,206 Wool... 84,183,184 Worsted yams...84,184 Zinc oxide (zinc white)... 99,217 Zinc, pig (spelter)... 94,206 Zinc, sheet... 94,206 Quotations, series of, carried in present report... 9,35 Raw and manufactured commodities, indexes of, 1890 to... 24,25,28,2